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Key to the female Iranian species of Tydeus (based partially on the keys Kaźmierski 1998) 1 Dorsal idiosomal setae similar in shape, none of them clavate or spatulate........................................ 2 - Dorsal idiosomal setae different in shape; anterior setae slender, posterior setae clavate or spatulate................... 11 2 Cheliceral stilettos as long as palpal tarsus or longer than palpal tarsus........................................... 3 - Cheliceral stilettos distinctly shorter than palpal tarsus....................................................... 4 3 Cheliceral stilettos as long as palpal tarsus............................................... electus Kuznetzov, 1973 - Cheliceral stilettos longer than palpal tarsus........................................ darekiwani Sadeghi et al. 2012 4 Dorsal idiosomal setae long, especially ���caudal��� setae; seta f 1 reaches the base of h 1................................ 5 - Dorsal idiosomal setae not as long; seta f 1 does not reach the base of h 1.......................................... 6 5 Bothridial setae (bo) shorter than most dorsal body setae....................... caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003 - Bothridial setae (bo) longer than all dorsal body setae........................................................................ longisetosus (El Bagoury & Momen, 1988) junior homonym of longisetosus Kuznetzov & Zapaletina, 1972 6 Ventrally, between setae mt��, the striae form V-pattern........................................................ 7 - Ventrally, between setae mt��, the striae run longitudinally.............. kabutarahangensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003 7 Dorsal idiosomal setae relatively broadly lanceolate; setae f 1 as long as 1 / 3 of distance f 1 -h 1....... gloveri (Ashmead, 1879) - Dorsal idiosomal setae at most narrowly lanceolate; setae f 1 as long as 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1 or longer................... 8 8 Dorsal idiosomal setae of moderate length; f 1 as long as 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1; solenidion ��I as long as than 1 / 2 of width of tar- sus I.............................................................................. kochi Oudemans, 1928 - Dorsal idiosomal setae long; f 1 longer than 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1; solenidion ��I shorter than 1 / 2 of width of tarsus I....... 9 9 Setae ps 1 less than half length of setae f and h............................................ shabestariensis sp. nov. - Length of setae ps 1 similar to length of setae f and h........................................................ 10 10 Gnathosoma hidden under aspidosoma and only its very distal part visible from above............ inclutus Livshitz, 1973 - Gnathosoma strongly protrudes before anterior projection of aspidosoma.................. mississippiensis Baker, 1970 11 Three pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (h 1, h 2, ps 1) clavate................. caudatus (Dug��s, 1834) sensu Baker 1970 - Five or six pairs of posterior setae clavate or spatulate...................................................... 12 12 Six pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (e 1, f 1, f 2, h 1, h 2, ps 1) narrowly clavate............... calabrus (Castagnoli, 1984) - Only five pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (f 1, f 2, h 1, h 2, ps 1) spatulate....................................... 13 13 Sagittal striation between setae h 1 form an inverted V- pattern......... meshkinensis Andr��, Ueckermann & Rahmani, 2010 - Almost transverse striae between setae h 1.............................................. californicus (Banks, 1904), Published as part of Akbari, Ali, Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Khanjani, Mohammad, Arzanlou, Mahdi & Ka��mierski, Andrzej, 2015, Tydeus shabestariensis sp. nov. and description of the male of Neopronematus sepasgosariani (Acari: Tydeoidea), with a key to the Iranian species of Tydeus, pp. 264-276 in Zootaxa 4032 (3) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/243076, {"references":["Kazmierski, A. (1998) Tydeinae of the world: generic relationships, new and redescribed taxa and keys to all species. A revision of the subfamilies Pretydeinae and Tydeinae (Acari: Actinedida: Tydeidae), part IV. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 41 (2), 283 - 455.","Kuznetzov, N. N & Livshitz, I. Z. (1973) Genus Tydeus (Acariformes, Tydeidae) in Materials from Crimea and Caucasus. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 52 (1), 45 - 53 [in Russian].","Sadeghi, H., Laniecka, I. & Kazmierski, A. (2012) Tydeoid mites (Acari: Triophtydeidae, Iolinidae, Tydeidae) of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, with description of three new species. Annales Zoologica, 62 (1), 99 - 114. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345412 x 633685","Khanjani, M. & Ueckermann, E. A. (2003) Four new tydeid species from Iran (Acari: Prostigmata). Zootaxa, 182, 1 - 11.","El-Bagoury, M. E. & Momen, F. M. (1988) Description of two new tydeid mites from Egypt (Acari, Tydeidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 9 (132), 109 - 113.","Ashmead, W. H. (1879) Injurious and beneficial insects found on the orange trees of Florida. Canadian Entomologist, 11, 159 - 160. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 11159 - 8","Oudemans, A. C. (1928) Acarologische Aanteekeningen. XCII. Entomologische Berichten, 7, 162 - 164.","Baker, E. W. (1970) The genus Tydeus: subgenera and species groups with descriptions of new species (Acarina: Tydeidae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63 (1), 163 - 170. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 63.1.163","Duges A. (1834) Recherches sur l'ordre des Acariens en general et la famille des Trombidies en particulier. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Ser. 2, Zool.), 1, 5 - 46 + 1 plate.","Castagnoli, M. (1984) Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tideidi (Acari: Tydeidae) delle piante cultivate in Italia. Redia, 67, 307 - 332.","Banks, N. (1904) Class III, Arachnida, Order I, Acarina, four new species of injurious mites. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 12, 53 - 56"]}

Male of Neopronematus sepasgosariani, Sadeghi et al. 2012 Description. Organotaxy of idiosoma and appendages���typical for the genus (see Panou et al. 2000). Male (n= 8) Idiosoma: Body small, oval. (Figs. 5, 7): length of body excluding gnathosoma 135���155; width 65���85. Eyes absent. Dorsal cuticle completely striated. Dorsocentral striae between setae c 1 and between d 1 longitudinal and between setae e 1 as well between f 1 transverse. End of opisthosoma with inverted V- pattern between setae f 2, h 1 and ps 1. Dorsal opisthosomal discs present between seta d 1 and e 1, slightly lateral to line connecting base of these setae (Fig. 8 c). Diameter of discs about 12; discs covered by checkered pattern, looking like sieves (sensu N. solani in Ripka et al. 2013). All dorsal setae slender and slightly serrate. Length of dorsal setae: bo 35, ro 16, la 14, ex 16, c 1 16, c 2 16, d 1 12, e 1 12, f 1 12, f 2 16, h 1 11, ps 1 13 (h 2 and ps 2 absent). Setae d 1 do not reach bases of e 1. Setae e 1 reach bases of f 2. Lyrifissures ia situated between setae c 1 and d 1, slightly laterally to line connecting base of these setae, lyrifissures im close to setae e 1, lyrifissures ip lie posteriorly to f 2 (Figs. 5 a, 8 c). Lyrifissures ih situated posteroventrally. Venter completely covered by striae; with three pairs of aggenital setae [ag 1���3] (Figs. 5 b, 8 b). Epimeral formula: (3 ��� 1���4 ��� 2). Gnathosoma. Visible from above. Palp tarsus significantly longer than cheliceral digits. Eupathidium (p��) straight, palp femorogenu length/ width 20 / 12, palp tarsus 8 (Fig. 6 f). Legs. Tarsus I without apotele (Figs. 6 a, 8 a), tarsi II���IV each with apotele, 2 claws and ciliated empodium, but without hooks (om) (Figs. 6 c-e). Femora IV distally with strong bent spur (Fig. 6 e). Measurements of legs: I��� 155, II��� 118, III��� 130, IV��� 140. Chaetotaxy of leg segments: leg I (8 + �� I��� 3 + k + �� ��� 3 ��� 3 ��� 1), leg II (6 + �� II��� 2���3 ��� 3 ���0), leg III (5 ��� 2 ��� 2 ��� 1 ��� 1), leg IV (5 ��� 2 ��� 1 ��� 1 ���0). Tarsus I length 43, width 9; solenidion �� I long and straight (12), taller than half width of palpal tarsus. Seta ft��� 14, ft�������� 23, tc����� 24, tc�������� 24, p����� 14, p�������� 7, (u) 1.2. Famulus k (2) and Y- shaped. Length of solenidion �� 3. Material examined. All specimens were collected from the soil of apple orchards in the vicinity of Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran, by Ali Akbari. These specimens are deposited in the Collection of the Acarology Laboratory of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Also 35 female individuals were collected and have the same data as the male specimens. Remarks. The male of Neopronematus sepasgosariani can only be distinguished from the female by: (1) solenidion ��I long and bent instead of short and straight in female, (2) femur IV distally with strong and bent spur in male and without spur in female, (3) dorsal opisthosomal discs present between seta d 1 and e 1, slightly laterally to line connecting base of these setae, whereas the female has no discs., Published as part of Akbari, Ali, Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Khanjani, Mohammad, Arzanlou, Mahdi & Ka��mierski, Andrzej, 2015, Tydeus shabestariensis sp. nov. and description of the male of Neopronematus sepasgosariani (Acari: Tydeoidea), with a key to the Iranian species of Tydeus, pp. 264-276 in Zootaxa 4032 (3) on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/243076, {"references":["Sadeghi, H., Laniecka, I. & Kazmierski, A. (2012) Tydeoid mites (Acari: Triophtydeidae, Iolinidae, Tydeidae) of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, with description of three new species. Annales Zoologica, 62 (1), 99 - 114. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345412 x 633685","Panou, H. N., Emmanouel, N. G. & Kazmierski, A. (2000) Neopronematus, a new genus of the subfamily Pronematinae (Acari: Prostigmata: Tydeidae) and a new species from Greece. Acarologia, 41 (3), 321 - 325.","Ripka, G., Laniecka, I. & Kazmierski, A. (2013) On the arboreal acarofauna of Hungary: Some new rare species of prostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Tydeidae, Iolinidae and Stigmaeidae). Zootaxa, 3702 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.1.1"]}

Akbari, Ali, Irani-Nejad, Karim Haddad, Khanjani, Mohammad, Arzanlou, Mahdi, Kaźmierski, Andrzej (2015): Tydeus shabestariensis sp. nov. and description of the male of Neopronematus sepasgosariani (Acari: Tydeoidea), with a key to the Iranian species of Tydeus. Zootaxa 4032 (3): 264-276, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.2

Key to the female Iranian species of Tydeus (based partially on the keys Kaźmierski 1998) 1 Dorsal idiosomal setae similar in shape, none of them clavate or spatulate........................................ 2 - Dorsal idiosomal setae different in shape; anterior setae slender, posterior setae clavate or spatulate................... 11 2 Cheliceral stilettos as long as palpal tarsus or longer than palpal tarsus........................................... 3 - Cheliceral stilettos distinctly shorter than palpal tarsus....................................................... 4 3 Cheliceral stilettos as long as palpal tarsus............................................... electus Kuznetzov, 1973 - Cheliceral stilettos longer than palpal tarsus........................................ darekiwani Sadeghi et al. 2012 4 Dorsal idiosomal setae long, especially “caudal” setae; seta f 1 reaches the base of h 1................................ 5 - Dorsal idiosomal setae not as long; seta f 1 does not reach the base of h 1.......................................... 6 5 Bothridial setae (bo) shorter than most dorsal body setae....................... caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003 - Bothridial setae (bo) longer than all dorsal body setae........................................................................ longisetosus (El Bagoury & Momen, 1988) junior homonym of longisetosus Kuznetzov & Zapaletina, 1972 6 Ventrally, between setae mtα, the striae form V-pattern........................................................ 7 - Ventrally, between setae mtα, the striae run longitudinally.............. kabutarahangensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003 7 Dorsal idiosomal setae relatively broadly lanceolate; setae f 1 as long as 1 / 3 of distance f 1 -h 1....... gloveri (Ashmead, 1879) - Dorsal idiosomal setae at most narrowly lanceolate; setae f 1 as long as 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1 or longer................... 8 8 Dorsal idiosomal setae of moderate length; f 1 as long as 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1; solenidion ωI as long as than 1 / 2 of width of tar- sus I.............................................................................. kochi Oudemans, 1928 - Dorsal idiosomal setae long; f 1 longer than 1 / 2 of distance f 1 -h 1; solenidion ωI shorter than 1 / 2 of width of tarsus I....... 9 9 Setae ps 1 less than half length of setae f and h............................................ shabestariensis sp. nov. - Length of setae ps 1 similar to length of setae f and h........................................................ 10 10 Gnathosoma hidden under aspidosoma and only its very distal part visible from above............ inclutus Livshitz, 1973 - Gnathosoma strongly protrudes before anterior projection of aspidosoma.................. mississippiensis Baker, 1970 11 Three pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (h 1, h 2, ps 1) clavate................. caudatus (Dugés, 1834) sensu Baker 1970 - Five or six pairs of posterior setae clavate or spatulate...................................................... 12 12 Six pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (e 1, f 1, f 2, h 1, h 2, ps 1) narrowly clavate............... calabrus (Castagnoli, 1984) - Only five pairs of posterior opisthosomal setae (f 1, f 2, h 1, h 2, ps 1) spatulate....................................... 13 13 Sagittal striation between setae h 1 form an inverted V- pattern......... meshkinensis André, Ueckermann & Rahmani, 2010 - Almost transverse striae between setae h 1.............................................. californicus (Banks, 1904)

Pseudocercospora sophoricola M. Bakhshi, Arzanlou, Babai-ahari & Crous, sp. nov. (Fig. 7) MycoBank MB 809998 Type:— IRAN. Zanjan Province: Tarom, Guilankeshe, on Sophora alopecuroides L. (Fabaceae), October 2011, M. Bakhshi (holotype IRAN 16463 F, culture ex-type CCTU 1037 = CBS 136020). Description in planta:— Leaf spots distinct, amphigenous, circular to subcircular, 1–6 mm diam., pale brown in centre, with raised, dark brown to black border. Mycelium internal. Caespituli predominantly hypophyllous, dark brown on leaves. Stromata moderately developed, substomatal to intraepidermal, semi-immersed, globular, 10–30 μm diam. Conidiophores medium brown, arranged in moderately dense fascicles, smooth, unbranched, straight, doliiform or lageniform to short cylindrical, 0–1-septate, (8–)13–16(–22) × (3–)4.5–5(–6) μm, predominantly reduced to conidiogenous cells, apex subtruncate. Conidiogenous cells medium brown, smooth, proliferating sympodially, tapering to flat-tipped apical loci, loci unthickened to slightly thickened and somewhat darkened, 1–3 μm diam. Conidia solitary, medium to dark brown, guttulate, thick-walled, sometimes constricted at septa, subcylindrical to obclavate, apex obtuse to sub obtuse, base obconically truncate, straight to gently curved, conspicuously 1–8-septate, (20–)50–70(–110) × (2.5–)3.5–4(–5) μm; hila unthickened to slightly thickened and somewhat darkened and refractive, 1–2.5 μm diam. Cultural characteristics:— Colonies on MEA slow growing, reaching 15 mm diam. after 20 days at 25 ºC in the dark; surface velvety, smooth to folded, erumpent with sparse aerial mycelium and even margins. Dark brown to black on the surface, black underneath. Habitat/Distribution:— Known to inhabit Sophora alopecuroides, Zanjan Province, Iran. Etymology:— Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Sophora. Other material examined:— IRAN. Zanjan Province: Tarom, Guilankeshe, on Sophora alopecuroides, October 2011, M . Bakhshi (CCTU 1037.2). Notes:— Pseudocercospora sophoricola must be regarded as a new species based on its distinct phylogenetic position (Fig. 2). In the individual gene trees, it is distinguished in the ITS (sister taxon to P. ocimi-basilici), ACT (sister taxon to P. udagawana) and TEF1-α (sister taxon to P. udagawana) phylogenies. In the combined tree (Fig. 2), it is a sister taxon to P. udagawana. Pseudocercospora sophoricola is morphologically well distinguished from P. sophorae (Guo & Liu 1991) in having narrower stromata, wider conidiophores which are mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, slightly thickened and somewhat darkened conidiogenous loci and medium to dark brown, somewhat wider and longer, distinctly septate conidia. Furthermore, P. sophorae forms in vivo superficial hyphae with solitary conidiophores. This is the first species of the genus Pseudocercospora described from Sophora alopecuroides., Published as part of Bakhshi, Mounes, Arzanlou, Mahdi, Babai-Ahari, Asadollah, Groenewald, Johannes Z. & Crous, Pedro W., 2014, Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran, pp. 245-264 in Phytotaxa 184 (5) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5146800, {"references":["Guo, Y. & Liu, X. (1991) Studies on the genus Pseudocercospora in China V. Mycosystema 4: 99 - 118."]}

Mycosphaerella leaf spots and nematodes threaten banana cultivation worldwide. The Mycosphaerella disease complex involves three related ascomycetous fungi: #Mycosphaerella fijiensis#, #M. musicola# and #M. eumusae#. The exact distribution of these three species and their disease epidemiology remain unclear, since their symptoms and life cycles are rather similar. Diagnosing these diseases and the respective causal agents is based on the presence of host symptoms and fungal fruiting structures, but is time consuming and not conducive to preventive management. In the present study, we developed rapid and robust species-specific diagnostic tools to detect and quantify #M. fijiensis#, #M. musicola# and #M. eumusae#. Conventional species-specific PCR primers were developed based on the actin gene that detected as little as 100, 1 and 10 pg/µl DNA from, respectively, #M. fijiensis#, #M. musicola# and #M. eumusae#. Furthermore, TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR assays that were developed based on the ß-tubulin gene detected quantities as low as 1 pg/µl DNA of each species from pure cultures and 1.6 pg/µl DNA/mg of #M. fijiensis# from dry leaf tissue. The efficacy of the tests was validated using naturally infected banana leaves. Similar technology has been used to develop a quantitative PCR assay for the banana burrowing nematode, #Radopholus similis#, which is currently being validated.

Three species of Mycosphaerella, namely M. eumusae, M. fijiensis, and M. musicola are involved in the Sigatoka disease complex of bananas. Besides these three primary pathogens, several additional species of Mycosphaerella or their anamorphs have been described from Musa. However, very little is known about these taxa, and for the majority of these species no culture or DNA is available for study. In the present study, we collected a global set of Mycosphaerella strains from banana, and compared them by means of morphology and a multi-gene nucleotide sequence data set. The phylogeny inferred from the ITS region and the combined data set containing partial gene sequences of the actin gene, the small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal DNA and the histone H3 gene revealed a rich diversity of Mycosphaerella species on Musa. Integration of morphological and molecular data sets confirmed more than 20 species of Mycosphaerella (incl. anamorphs) to occur on banana. This study reconfirmed the previously described presence of Cercospora apii, M. citri and M. thailandica, and also identified Mycosphaerella communis, M. lateralis and Passalora loranthi on this host. Moreover, eight new species identified from Musa are described, namely Dissoconium musae, Mycosphaerella mozambica, Pseudocercospora assamensis, P. indonesiana, P. longispora, Stenella musae, S. musicola, and S. queenslandica.