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Einleitung: Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Prostatakarzinom Detektionsrate der MRT gezielten Fusionsbiopsie (FB) mit der systematischen ultraschallgezielten Biopsie (SB) und der kombinierten Biopsie (FB+SB) bei Biopsie naiven (BN) und bei Patienten mit vorangegangener negativer Biopsie (VN) zu [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 1014, 165679 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2021.165679, The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating decay $�� ��� eee$ at branching fractions above 10$^{���16}$. A first phase of the experiment using an existing beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is designed to reach a single event sensitivity of 2���10$^{���15}$. We present an overview of all aspects of the technical design and expected performance of the phase I Mu3e detector. The high rate of up to 108 muon decays per second and the low momenta of the decay electrons and positrons pose a unique set of challenges, which we tackle using an ultra thin tracking detector based on high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for precise timing measurements., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

The DESY II Test Beam Facility is a key infrastructure for modern high energy physics detector development, providing particles with a small momentum spread in a range from 1 to 6 GeV to user groups e.g. from the LHC experiments and Belle II as well as generic detector R&D. Beam telescopes are provided in all three test beam areas as precise tracking reference without time stamping, with triggered readout and a readout time of > 115 μs. If the highest available rates are used, multiple particles are traversing the telescopes within one readout frame, thus creating ambiguities that cannot be resolved without additional timing layers. Several upgrades are currently investigated and tested: Firstly, a fast monolithic pixel sensor, the TelePix, to provide precise track timing and triggering on a region of interest is proposed to overcome this limitation. The TelePix is a 180 nm HV-CMOS sensor that has been developed jointly by DESY, KIT and the University of Heidelberg and designed at KIT. In this publication, the performance evaluation is presented: The difference between two amplifier designs is evaluated. A high hit detection efficiency of above 99.9% combined with a time resolution of below 4 ns at negligible pixel noise rates is determined. Finally, the digital hit output to provide region of interest triggering is evaluated and shows a short absolute delay with respect to a traditional trigger scintillator as well as an excellent time resolution. Secondly, a fast LGAD plane has been proposed to provide a time resolution of a few 10 ps, which is foreseen to drastically improve the timing performance of the telescope. Time resolutions of below 70 ps have been determined in collaboration with the University of California, Santa Barbara.

The Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavor violating decay $\mu^+~\rightarrow~e^+~e^+~e^-$ with an ultimate aimed sensitivity of 1 event in $10^{16}$ decays. This goal can only be achieved by reducing the material budget per tracking layer to $X/X_0 \approx 0.1 \%$. High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS) which are thinned to $50\ \mu m$ serve as sensors. Gaseous helium is chosen as coolant. Results of recent studies related to the sensor prototypes, the helium cooling, and module prototyping are presented. The recent chip submission MuPix10 has proven its functionality regarding efficiency and time resolution. The helium cooling system for the inner tracker could be verified using a full-scale prototype. A complete prototype equipped with MuPix10 chips will be tested inside the Mu3e magnet in summer 2021., Comment: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS2021), 15-18 March 2021. C21-03-15.1

Ziel: Erhebung der Untersuchervariabilität in Bezug auf die Prostate Image and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) Klassifikation sowie der Prostatakarzinom (PC)-Detektion mittels multiparametrischer Magnetresonanztomographie (mpMRT)/Transrektalem Ultraschall (TRUS) fusionierter Prostatabiopsie[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 45. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Evaluation: prognostischer Marker beim hoch Risiko klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinom Zielsetzung der Studie Die Signifikanz von B7-H3 als „check-point“ für die Immunantwort ist noch unklar jedoch erinnert das Expressionsprofil und die damit verbundene Prognose an jenes von B7-H1. [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 44. gemeinsamen Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie

Fragestellung: Die präop. Immunnutrition (IN) mit Arginin, Glutamin, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und Nukleotiden ist eine Grad-A-Empfehlung bei großen gastrointestinalen Eingriffen, da besonders infektiöse Komplikationen und die postop. Aufenthaltsdauer signifikant reduziert werden. In der[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 43. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

© 2017 Badereddin Mohamad Al-Ali et al.Introduction. To analyze the impact of radical prostatectomy (RPE) on erectile function and lower urinary tract function in comparison to age-matched healthy men. Materials and Methods. Patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy completed questionnaires containing the IIEF-5, the Bristol female LUTS questionnaire, and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Results. Patients after RPE were included (n=363). Age-matched healthy men (n=363) were included. The mean IIEF-5 of patients aged 61-70 yrs after RPE was 10.4±6.6 versus 18.8±5.3 in the control cohort; the respective values for men aged 71-80 yrs after RPE were 7.2±6.5 versus 13.6±7.7 in the control cohort. Urinary incontinence after RPE was reported in 41.9% (61-70 years) and 37.7% (71-80) versus 7.5% and 15.1% in the control cohort. The mean IPSS of patients after RPE aged 61-70 yrs was 5.0±4.4 versus 5.5±4.9 in the control cohort; the respective values for men aged 71-80 yrs were 6.0±4.9 versus 7.5±5.7 in the healthy cohort. Conclusions. The negative effect of radical prostatectomy on erectile and urinary incontinence remains substantial. The physiologically declining erectile and lower urinary tract function with ageing reduces the difference between healthy men and those after surgery. Healthy men have a higher IPSS presumably due to the presence of bladder outlet obstruction.

Fragestellung: Haben zusätzliche anterior-apikale Stanzzylinder im Rahmen von transrektalen Saturations-Rebiopsien der Prostata eine klinische Bedeutung (erhöhte Karzinomdetektionsrate, eventuelle Änderung des Gleason Score)? Methoden: Zwischen Dezember 2010 und Januar 2014 unterzogen[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 41. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Metastasis, the life threatening aspect of cancer, is a systemic disease process. Considerable progress has been made in recent years regarding how tumor cells circulating in the blood and lymphatic systems interact with and extravasate into secondary sites, and what determines whether these disseminated tumors cells survive, remain dormant or go on to form macrometastases. New insights into the routes that tumor cells take once leaving the primary tumor have emerged. Novel concepts regarding early seeding of metastases coupled to parallel progression, self-seeding of primary tumors by circulating tumor cells, and the induction of pre-metastatic niches in distant organs by primary tumors have come to the fore. In our presentations we will review these and other paradigm shifts that have taken place over recent years, placing a particular focus on how the use of intravital and other imaging techniques have played a major role in these developments.

Die radikale Prostatektomie (RPE) stellt neben der Strahlentherapie zur Zeit die einzige kurative Therapie des lokoregionären Prostatakarzinoms dar. Diese Operation ist jedoch mit typischen Komplikationen behaftet; die für die Patienten meist schwerwiegendste ist die postoperative Stressinkontinenz. Während sich eine geringgradige postoperative Stressinkontinenz bei nahezu allen Patienten innerhalb von sechs bis neun Monaten bessert, erfordert die höhergradige Inkontinenz eine entsprechende Therapie. Zur Verfügung stehen die Implantation eines künstlichen Sphinkters sowie transurethrale Unterspritzungsverfahren. Seit 1995 wird Polydimethylsiloxan an unserer Klinik zur Behandlung der postoperativen Stressinkontinenz nach radikaler Prostatektomie eingesetzt. Bisher wurden 7 Patienten einer transurethralen Unterspritzungsbehandlung zugeführt. Bei einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 16 Monaten sind 6 Patienten trocken, und ein Patient ist deutlich gebessert. Wegen der ermutigenden Ergebnisse halten wir die Unterspritzungsbehandlung für eine Alternative zur Behandlung der Stressinkontinenz nach radikaler Prostatektomie.

Einleitung: Die optimale Anzahl und Lokalisation zu entnehmender Zylinder bei Männern mit erhöhtem PSA-Wert oder supektem Tastbefund der Prostata ist nach wie vor Gegenstand von Diskussionen. In dieser prospektiven Studie untersuchten wir den diagnostischen Wert ergänzender Zylinder aus[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 39. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie sowie der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Einleitung: Die Stoßwellentherapie (ESWL) hat eine große Bedeutung in der Steintherapie, da sie effektiv und schonend angewendet werden kann. Der Desintegrationserfolg hängt von vielen Faktoren ab, eine davon ist die Größe des Steines. Ab einer Konkrementgröße von [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 39. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie sowie der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Fragestellung: Überprüfung der histopathologischen Parameter der Prostatektomiepräparate von Patienten, welche die Kriterien einer Active Surveillance (AS) Strategie erfüllt hätten. Methodik: In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 698 konsekutive Patienten, die einer radikalen[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 39. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie sowie der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Fluids for hydraulic machines in forestry are an essential component of cutting systems, transmissions, lifting devices, cooling systems, electric units, their maintenance (washing, cleaning), etc. The use of biodegradable oils on cutting bi ad es of chain saws as well as within the motor and hydraulic systems has become a must. Biodegradable oils have to meet different requirements aimed at keeping biodiversityand natural conditions in ecosystems. Possible further requirements arise from safety considerations - the fluid must be fireproof Qr, due to safety at work, it must have only a slight evaporation tendency. In using hydraulic fluids, special consideration is given to technical development, sometimes achievements of high technology. For several decades now, biologically quickly degradable and toxically less dangerous basic fluids have been available. Their use has become quite significant since the mid-1980s. Considerable confusion has arisen among users and producers regarding different environmentally friendly basic fluids. The number of designations currently in use on the market is several times higher than the number of types of basic fluids available in practice. Therefore, this paper gives a survey of biological oils, the so-called bio-oils, hydraulic fluids often used in forestry. The basic data related to content and characteristics of biological oils are given for the most frequent groups. A short survey is given of the impact of lubricant oils on environment. After explaining the basic terms and presenting the features of bio-oils compared to basic fluids they are made of, special reference is given to biodegradable lubricants for chain saws and bio-oils for hydraulic operating systems of forestry machines. The availability of raw materials for processing bio-oils is considered as well as prospects of their use..

Augustin H. Rapport général. In: La mécanique des fluides et l'environnement. Prévision et maîtrise de la qualité de l'eau et de l'air. Compte rendu des quatorzièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Paris, 7-9 septembre 1976. Tome 2, 1977.

New York, March 7, 1903. To the Editor: —InThe Journalof March 7, page 665, in the report of the proceedings of the New York County Medical Association it is incorrectly stated that I prefer silk for suturing the kidney. I employ temporary sutures of silkworm gut which are brought out through all the structures of the back and tied over a fold of gauze.

It is too often the custom to regard every discharge from the uterus as evidence of endometritis and to submit the endometrium to vigorous treatment either by caustic or astringent applications or curettage or both. This is unscientific and an error both in diagnosis and treatment. Even when the diagnosis of endometritis is correct, such measures, as they are usually applied, are not effectual, and they submit the patient to needless risk and the uterus to much unnecessary violence. If every case so maltreated was actually an endometritis, there would still be no justification for the vigorous and even harsh measures sometimes blindly employed against it. I believe I am not far wrong when I say that if a cure results after such treatment it is not because of it, but in spite of it. If the case is one of simple hyperemia of the endometrium

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For some years past the surgical tendency of the gynecologist has completely overshadowed the rational treatment of diseases of the uterine appendages, and may be regarded as a confession of inability to cure; for it can no more be claimed that ablation of organs so important to the female economy is a cure of the morbid process, than amputation of a limb is a cure of the injured or diseased member. General surgery has passed this stage of wholesale sacrifice of useful members, and to-day the saving of an injured limb is more creditable to the surgeon than a skillfully performed amputation. Gynecology must soon pass this stage also, for the limit of extreme pelvic surgery has been reached and the sad plight of the woman (?) who has survived the removal of her ovaries, tubes and uterus is beginning to be realized. I venture to predict that the gynecologist who

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Examination for the purpose of making a gynecologic diagnosis comprises, or should comprise, more than is ordinarily realized by many who undertake it. As a rule, it is too casual to be thorough or accurate, and in consequence associated conditions, often of relative importance, are overlooked and disregarded. In presenting this subject for your consideration, I have no idea that I shall offer anything new, nor yet anything with which you are not already familiar. My object is chiefly to direct attention to some salient features of these examinations that are sometimes disregarded and to emphasize the importance of certain apparently unimportant details that are essential for accurate and complete diagnosis of these conditions. HISTORY OF THE PATIENT. The history 1 and manner of taking it is of much importance. It may be brief, but should be complete and thorough, the essential points bearing on the condition being brought out

It will be admitted that a cure of retrodeviations of the uterus is seldom, if ever, accomplished by the ordinary methods of treatment and that they demand more careful consideration than is usually accorded them. The routine plan of inserting a pessary and dismissing the case from further attention is an error, unfortunately, too often committed. The pessary can only be regarded as a splint which is serviceable as an aid to other measures in bringing about the desired result, but nothing more and will accomplish very little unaided. It may be true that all such displacements of the uterus do not require surgical intervention for their cure, but when structural changes have taken place in the walls of the organ nothing else will yield a prompt and satisfactory result. A pessary might be worn throughout the lifetime of these patients and even if it maintained the uterus in a

Prolapse of the kidney may cause or maintain disease of the female pelvic organs by interfering with the return circulation from the pelvis and producing pelvic congestion. This may be brought about chiefly in two ways: The renal artery being less yielding than the other structures constituting the renal pedicle, dragging upon it by the kidney crowds the aorta over against the vena cava and distorts that great channel of return circulation when it is the right kidney that is prolapsed. When the displaced kidney reaches a certain point in its descent it is situated immediately in front of the ovarian vein as it ascends to empty into the vena cava just below the renal vein on the right or into the left renal vein on the left side. Hence, pressure backward upon the kidney, as from corsets, or clothing at the waist, or from accumulation of gas or feces

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The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating decay �����eee at branching fractions above 10���16. A first phase of the experiment using an existing beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is designed to reach a single event sensitivity of 2���10���15. We present an overview of all aspects of the technical design and expected performance of the phase I Mu3e detector. The high rate of up to 108 muon decays per second and the low momenta of the decay electrons and positrons pose a unique set of challenges, which we tackle using an ultra thin tracking detector based on high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for precise timing measurements.

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That so many modifications of this operation have been made since it was originally attempted by Hahn in 1881 is the best evidence of the necessity of correcting prolapse of the kidney by permanent fixation, despite the opposition to operative interference in some quarters by those who favor belts and corsets. It suggests also the possible inefficiency of many of these procedures. Almost every well-known surgeon has some special technic of his own, but few of them have many followers. It is my purpose in submitting here a technic of my own, which I have employed now for nearly three years and have found uniformly successful, to point out some of the causes of failure with this operation and show how it may be made successful and satisfactory. The inadequacy of belts or corsets or any other form of external support when the kidney has descended below the border of the

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It is my purpose to submit to my colleagues, both in gynecological and general practice, some of the fruits of my observations and to suggest some improvements in technique, the outcome of personal experience, which will, I hope, prove useful. Progressive men are ever ready to improve their methods, hence suggestions are always acceptable. We may all learn something from each other; some detail that one may lose sight of may be suggested by another's methods. The general practitioner often does excellent work in our line, and we may gain some points from him. I shall hope, therefore, to have a full discussion of the subject from that side of the house also. It is easy enough to be clean in every-day gynecological work. It is either a matter of taste or habit. Yet, you know very well, cleanliness is one of those good habits for which some never acquire

The encoding of solutions in black-box optimization is a delicate, handcrafted balance between expressiveness and domain knowledge -- between exploring a wide variety of solutions, and ensuring that those solutions are useful. Our main insight is that this process can be automated by generating a dataset of high-performing solutions with a quality diversity algorithm (here, MAP-Elites), then learning a representation with a generative model (here, a Variational Autoencoder) from that dataset. Our second insight is that this representation can be used to scale quality diversity optimization to higher dimensions -- but only if we carefully mix solutions generated with the learned representation and those generated with traditional variation operators. We demonstrate these capabilities by learning an low-dimensional encoding for the inverse kinematics of a thousand joint planar arm. The results show that learned representations make it possible to solve high-dimensional problems with orders of magnitude fewer evaluations than the standard MAP-Elites, and that, once solved, the produced encoding can be used for rapid optimization of novel, but similar, tasks. The presented techniques not only scale up quality diversity algorithms to high dimensions, but show that black-box optimization encodings can be automatically learned, rather than hand designed., Comment: Presented at GECCO 2020 -- v2 (Previous title 'Automating Representation Discovery with MAP-Elites')

Surrogate-assistance approaches have long been used in computationally expensive domains to improve the data-efficiency of optimization algorithms. Neuroevolution, however, has so far resisted the application of these techniques because it requires the surrogate model to make fitness predictions based on variable topologies, instead of a vector of parameters. Our main insight is that we can sidestep this problem by using kernel-based surrogate models, which require only the definition of a distance measure between individuals. Our second insight is that the well-established Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm provides a computationally efficient distance measure between dissimilar networks in the form of "compatibility distance", initially designed to maintain topological diversity. Combining these two ideas, we introduce a surrogate-assisted neuroevolution algorithm that combines NEAT and a surrogate model built using a compatibility distance kernel. We demonstrate the data-efficiency of this new algorithm on the low dimensional cart-pole swing-up problem, as well as the higher dimensional half-cheetah running task. In both tasks the surrogate-assisted variant achieves the same or better results with several times fewer function evaluations as the original NEAT., In GECCO 2018

Design optimization techniques are often used at the beginning of the design process to explore the space of possible designs. In these domains illumination algorithms, such as MAP-Elites, are promising alternatives to classic optimization algorithms because they produce diverse, high-quality solutions in a single run, instead of only a single near-optimal solution. Unfortunately, these algorithms currently require a large number of function evaluations, limiting their applicability. In this article we introduce a new illumination algorithm, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), that leverages surrogate modeling techniques to create a map of the design space according to user-defined features while minimizing the number of fitness evaluations. On a 2-dimensional airfoil optimization problem SAIL produces hundreds of diverse but high-performing designs with several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations than MAP-Elites or CMA-ES. We demonstrate that SAIL is also capable of producing maps of high-performing designs in realistic 3-dimensional aerodynamic tasks with an accurate flow simulation. Data-efficient design exploration with SAIL can help designers understand what is possible, beyond what is optimal, by considering more than pure objective-based optimization., ArXiv preprint version, final version published in Evolutionary Computation, doi: 10.1162/evco_a_00231

International audience; A new method for design space exploration and optimization, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), is presented. Inspired by robotics techniques designed to produce diverse repertoires of behaviors for use in damage recovery, SAIL produces diverse designs that vary according to features specified by the designer. By producing high-performing designs with varied combinations of user-defined features a map of the design space is created. This map illuminates the relationship between the chosen features and performance, and can aid designers in identifying promising design concepts. SAIL is designed for use with compu-tationally expensive design problems, such as fluid or structural dynamics, and integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of function evaluations required. On a 2D airfoil optimization problem SAIL is shown to produce hundreds of diverse designs which perform competitively with those found by state-of-the-art black box optimization. Its capabilities are further illustrated in a more expensive 3D aerodynamic optimization task.

The MAP-Elites algorithm produces a set of high-performing solutions that vary according to features defined by the user. This technique has the potential to be a powerful tool for design space exploration, but is limited by the need for numerous evaluations. The Surrogate-Assisted Illumination algorithm (SAIL), introduced here, integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of evaluations required by MAP-Elites. The ability of SAIL to efficiently produce both accurate models and diverse high performing solutions is illustrated on a 2D airfoil design problem. The search space is divided into bins, each holding a design with a different combination of features. In each bin SAIL produces a better performing solution than MAP-Elites, and requires several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations. The CMA-ES algorithm was used to produce an optimal design in each bin: with the same number of evaluations required by CMA-ES to find a near-optimal solution in a single bin, SAIL finds solutions of similar quality in every bin., Comment: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2017

It is well-known that the class of piecewise smooth curves together with a smooth Riemannian metric induces a metric space structure on a manifold. However, little is known about the minimal regularity needed to analyze curves and particularly to study length-minimizing curves where neither classical techniques such as a differentiable exponential map etc. are available nor (generalized) curvature bounds are imposed. In this paper we advance low-regularity Riemannian geometry by investigating general length structures on manifolds that are equipped with Riemannian metrics of low regularity. We generalize the length structure by proving that the class of absolutely continuous curves induces the standard metric space structure. The main result states that the arc-length of absolutely continuous curves is the same as the length induced by the metric. For the proof we use techniques from the analysis of metric spaces and employ specific smooth approximations of continuous Riemannian metrics. We thus show that when dealing with lengths of curves, the metric approach for low-regularity Riemannnian manifolds is still compatible with standard definitions and can successfully fill in for lack of differentiability., Comment: 16 pages; in v2 and v3 minor changes, added references; in v4 minor changes, coincides with published version