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The researchers provide a brief definition of bitcoin in this paper along with a quick introduction to cryptocurrencies. The study looks at the role cryptocurrencies play in modern technology and how bitcoin has evolved in relation to spot contracts.

Synthesis of oxazolonone, benzoxazolononeby using amino hydroxy compound, alkyl haloformate, trialkylamine and DMF as solvents. Herein used simple carbonylation agent such as alkylhaloformate instead of phosgene and Triphosgene. Developed novel and simple synthesis method.

Ansys platform-based HFSS simulator software is used to create a 4GHz circular micro strip patch antenna array. Applications including Bluetooth, the Internet of Things, and several WLANs can all benefit from it. The circular patch antenna, which is constructed on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a height of 1.6mm, is fed using edge feeding. The antenna is built using a 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy) substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a microstrip line feed. The chosen radius for the circular patch is 7.62mm. To lower the size and enhance the performance of the suggested antenna, a square slit 30mm by 30mm in size is etched onto the ground plane. The HFSS Simulation Program is employed in the antenna's design. Antenna characteristics such as return loss, radiation pattern, bandwidth, orientation, antenna gain and radiated efficiency are all studied.

Periodontal disease is a public health problem and is associated with systemic diseases. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease in developed and developing country across all age group & gender. Majority of population in the developing countries suffer from different stages and grades of periodontitis which causes alveolar bone loss, tooth mobility and tooth loss.A cross-sectional study was conductedon 2220 dentate person including both male & female aged from 20 to 65 reported in the Department of Periodontics in 3 months It was observed estimated prevalence of periodontitis increased with age which is much higher among subjects with poor oral hygiene practice and females are suffering more than male. The current study collected significant data for prevalence Inadequate and/or improper maintenance of Oral hygiene confirmed as the most important predictor for periodontitis. Severity was found to be increased with increasing age also more in female than male.The effect of age and gender on the progression of periodontitis seemed to be less important when good oral hygiene is practiced.

Introduction - A 20-year-old female who presented with multiply recurrent giant cell tumour (GCT) of the left calcaneum and destruction of talus. To our knowledge, there has been no literature published on the method for reconstruction of the hind foot after complete removal of both calcaneum and talus. Case presentation - She was managed with an en-bloc talocalcaneal resection and reconstruction with femoral head allograft. She developed soft tissue recurrence at one year and was managed with wide excision of the soft tissue component and flap coverage. Conclusion - At 5 years follow up, she was free of recurrence and had painless ambulation.This case illustrates successful use of femoral head allograft for reconstruction of both talus and calcaneum, and management of soft tissue recurrence with wide local excision.

The N-methyl pyridinium tosylate (NMPyTs) ionic liquid is used as an efficient, homogeneous, and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives via one-pot multi-component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, anilines and β-ketoesters under ultrasonic irradiations and solvent-free conditions. This protocol was successfully pertinent to a wide range of structurally diverse aromatic aldehydes, substituted anilines, and β-ketoesters. The major characteristics of this technique include operational simplicity, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, and high yield. Importantly, NMPyTs can undergo up to three recycle runs without any noticeable loss of catalytic activity.

In recent years, resonant inductive power transfer is also being used in wireless power systems for portable computers, phones, and other electronics. Wireless charging uses WPT technology, which has the benefits of safe operation, reduced emissions, and cheap maintenance costs. In recent years, resonant inductive power transfer is also being used in wireless power systems for portable computers, phones, and other electronics. Wireless charging uses WPT technology, which has the benefits of safe operation, reduced emissions, and cheap maintenance costs. In practicality there are different types of vehicles used in day-to-day life. Four wheelers especially can mainly be divided into hatchback and sport utility vehicle (SUV). For SUV's, bottom end WPT, and hatchback (small end cars) back end WPT, can be implemented as its ground clearance varies from vehicle to vehicle. This chapter describes how to create a wireless battery charging system for electric vehicles using the inductive coupling technique for both the bottom-end and back-end models.

Metal sulfides are gaining prominence as conversion anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries due to their higher specific capacities but suffers from low stability and reversibility issues. In this work, the electrochemical properties of CuS anode material has been successfully enhanced by its composite formation using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C

The Ag-Sn based system in the nano-size regime is one of the strongest candidates for lead-free solders. Besides, the investigation of several other applications of Ag-Sn nanostructures, especially in catalysis, remains scarce which makes it an interesting system to synthesize and explore its chemistry. In this report, nearly monodisperse ε-Ag

Development of heterogeneous metal catalysts with superior activity and high selectivity towards the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is of significant industrial importance. Bimetallic Pd-Ru nanocomposites were synthesized over the entire composition range using a capping-agent assisted solution-based approach. The as-prepared nanocomposites demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the hydrogenation of a wide range of olefinic substrates and exceptional selectivity towards styrene in a phenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. In addition, hydrogen sorption studies were performed on the as-prepared bimetallic Pd-Ru nanomaterials, where an increase in the incorporation of Ru atoms into the bimetallic structure resulted in a decrease in the hydrogen storage capacity of the resulting material. Comprehensive structural characterization and insights obtained from the hydrogen sorption studies revealed that the presence of weakly bound hydrogen atoms in the hydride phase of the bimetallic species contributes to its excellent selectivity in hydrogenation reactions.

OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to determine the gingival dimensions (width and thickness) among young individuals in a central Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal probing depth, width of the keratinized and attached gingiva, and gingival thickness were recorded on maxillary and mandibular teeth from central incisor to first molar unilaterally in 75 systemically healthy individuals (32 males and 43 females; 19-30 years of age). Comparisons were made gender-wise, arch-wise, tooth-wise, and site-wise using either the Student's t test or the ANOVA. RESULTS Keratinized and attached gingiva were wider in the maxilla than in the mandible both at proximal and at mid-buccal aspects (p

A series of in situ prepared Ru(iii) complexes supported by easily accessible N-donor organic pincer ligands were used as catalysts in the Guerbet upgrading reaction of ethanol under aerobic conditions.

Localized inflammatory or reactive overgrowths are quite more common clinical findings on human gingiva. Most of the lesions are benign and innocuous though some have potency to transfer in to a malignant lesion. These types of lesions are difficult to identify clinically as their appearance are quite similar so only Histopathological evaluation can detect their identity. In this case report we displayed a case of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma in maxillary anterior tooth region in 32 year old female patient along with clinical, Histopathological evaluation along with present and future treatment details. Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is usually a fibromatic, non neoplastic enlargement of the gingiva which shows areas of calcification or ossification. Synonyms for POF include Peripheral cementifying fibroma, Peripheral fibroma with calcification, Calcifying or ossifying fibrous epulis and Calcifying fibroblastic granuloma. Keywords: Gingival overgrowth, Ossifying fibroma, Peripheral ossifying fibroma, Peripheral cementifying fibroma

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) have been used in research and development community due to their strong potential in high-risk missions. One of the most important civilian implementations of UAV/UGV cooperative path planning is delivering medical or emergency supplies during disasters such as wildfires, the focus of this paper. However, wildfires themselves pose risk to the UAVs/UGVs and their paths should be planned to avert the risk as well as complete the mission. In this paper, wildfire growth is simulated using a coupled Partial Differential Equation (PDE) model, widely used in literature for modeling wildfires, in a grid environment with added process and measurement noise. Using principles of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and with an appropriate choice of decomposition modes, a low-dimensional equivalent fire growth model is obtained for the deployment of the space–time Kalman Filtering (KF) paradigm for estimation of wildfires using simulated data. The KF paradigm is then used to estimate and predict the propagation of wildfire based on local data obtained from a camera mounted on the UAV. This information is then used to obtain a safe path for the UGV that needs to travel from an initial location to the final position while the UAV’s path is planned to gather information on wildfire. Path planning of both UAV and UGV is carried out using a PDE based method that allows incorporation of threats due to wildfire and other obstacles in the form of risk function. The results from numerical simulation are presented to validate the proposed estimation and path planning methods.

The continuous increase in the level of green-house gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels are identified as the major driving forces behind efforts to effectively utilize different sources of renewable energy. Free cooling concept is gaining importance in building cooling applications. The medium which is used to store energy is Phase Change Material. Among the phase change materials available commercial PCM is of great use. The only drawback with the PCM is its thermal conductivity is very low. Various heat-transfer enhancement techniques between the phase change material (PCM) and the heat transfer fluid (HTF) were tried by researchers. Passive enhancement techniques are very simple and gives good heat transfer enhancement which decreases the solidification time and increases the solidification rate. In the present work two types of passive enhancement techniques like increasing the roughness of the heat transfer surface and dimples over the heat transfer surface were tried and it has been observed that the dimpled surface will provide better results compared to rough surface over normal surface. Overall there is decrease in solidification time of 37 min. and increase in solidification rate of 19.37% with dimpled surface over normal surface.

Purpose The world has faced various epidemic situations caused by different viruses such as SARS-Cov, MERS-Cov, Ebola and many more during the past few decades, SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) is the genetic variant of newly the discovered Coronavirus, which has been believed to spread from China during December 2019, which has created a catastrophic effect for the whole world. In the first quarter of 2020, the virus started to spread to different countries, in addition, the severity of cases, the mortality rate and the recovery rate varied between countries. In the Sultanate of Oman and different parts of the world, the COVID started to spike during the end of March 2020. In this research paper, COVID data for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are extracted and analysis has been made based on different parameters. The analysis has been divided into two categories – the first part focuses on the total number of cases, the total number of recoveries and the total number of deaths and comparison has been made for different GCC countries, from these analyses, it gives a clear picture of the days of a particular month, which contributes to the increase of COVID cases. The second part focuses on finding out the indicators that are correlating with the COIVD-19 cases and deaths; it has been found that there is a very strong correlation between the total population and labour force of every GCC country with the corresponding COVID cases and deaths. Design/methodology/approach The entire research steps involved starts with data collection, data pre-processing and data analysis. The analysis has been divided into two categories – the first part focuses on the total number of cases, the total number of recoveries and the total number of deaths and comparisons has been made for different GCC countries. The second part focuses on finding out the indicators that are correlating with COIVD-19 cases and deaths. Findings It has been found that there is a very strong correlation between the total population and labour force of every GCC country with the corresponding COVID cases and deaths. Research limitations/implications The data set considered is limited and can be extended further. Social implications This research paper definitely provides a road map for practice, as this research provides details about the total number of active cases, death based on the days in different GCC countries. It has been observed that during the end of each month and during weekends, the total number of cases increases drastically, so by taking into consideration the governing bodies can impose a lockdown during these spike durations. In addition to it, the citizens and residents should make a practice to avoid or limit their movement during the spike durations, which was analysed by this research work. Originality/value The idea is the own idea and not copied from any other source.

Rajagopalan Venkatraman, Kandhan Karthik, Cherian Belinda, Ramamurthy Balaji Department of Anaesthesia, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Potheri, Tamilnadu, 603203, IndiaCorrespondence: Rajagopalan VenkatramanDepartment of Anaesthesia, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Potheri, 603203, Tamilnadu, IndiaTel +91 9894581455Email drvenkat94@gmail.comBackground and Aims: Ultrasound-guided (UG) mandibular nerve block is effective for providing postoperative analgesia in mandibular fracture surgeries. The pre-emptive nerve blockade prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia and reduces the consumption of intraoperative opioids. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was to compare the efficacy of pre-emptive and postoperative UG mandibular nerve block for postoperative analgesia in mandibular fracture surgeries.Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for unilateral mandibular fracture surgeries were randomly divided into two groups by computer-generated random numbers and sealed envelope method: Group A received UG mandibular nerve block before surgical incision and group B received after surgery with ropivacaine 0.5% 10mL. The second anesthesiologist, who was blinded to the group involved, monitored the patient. The patients as well as the statistician were also blinded. The patients were started on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine with bolus 1mg and a lockout interval of 10min. The morphine consumption for 24h was recorded. The pain was assessed by the VAS score. The additional intraoperative fentanyl consumption and time for a request for rescue analgesic were recorded.Results: The total morphine consumption was reduced in group A (4.566± 0.717mg) than group B (5.93± 0.876mg) with a p-value of < 0.0001. The time for a request for rescue analgesic was also prolonged in group A (794.08± 89.561min) than group B (505.333± 3.159min). In group A, only four patients required an additional dose of fentanyl as against 11 patients in group B. The heart rate was also lower in group A 30min after the administration of the block and persisted for two hours intraoperatively.Conclusion: Pre-emptive ultrasound-guided mandibular nerve block reduces morphine consumption, prolongs the time for a request for rescue analgesic, reduces intraoperative fentanyl consumption, provides better control of intraoperative heart rate, and better pain scores postoperatively when compared to the postoperative mandibular nerve block.Keywords: mandibular fracture, mandibular nerve, postoperative pain, ultrasound-guided, visual analog scale

We show that all off-diagonal entries in the Moore-Penrose inverse of the distance Laplacian matrix of a tree are non-positive.

A mother requires rich source of vitamins and minerals in an extraordinary journey of giving birth to a new offspring. A perfect post-partum plan can support replenishing the nutrient stores in the body that a mother needs to thrive. The postnatal vitamin and mineral supplements provide adequate nutrition and ensure good health of mother and baby. The two incredibly demanding physiological processes such as recovery from the pregnancy and delivery and the lactation process for the newborn demands a good supply of vitamins and minerals. The fluctuating hormone levels make them feel more emotional and stressed during this time. However, full recovery from childbirth may take 6-8 weeks or even a few months. Breast milk composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and all essential vitamins and minerals provides a complete nutrition for the newborn. Hence breastfeeding mothers should consume a balanced nutritious diet to meet these daily requirements. However, mothers benefit by the use of appropriate supplement that supply various required components to the mother as well as to the baby. This review aims at explaining the significance of the combination of minerals and vitamins that are prescribed as a nutritional supplement especially as a postnatal care. The role of each mineral and vitamins and their daily recommended intake are discussed. The Unique formulation named Natofer Kit meets the demand of the postnatal care. This cost effective unique packaging technique also overcomes the inadequate medication adherence with improved patient compliance. This review is an attempt to explain the significance of the vitamins and minerals being prescribed as a nutritional supplement named “Natofer Kit” for women during their postnatal care. : , ,

Distance matrices of some star like graphs are investigated in \cite{JAK}. These graphs are trees which are stars, wheel graphs, helm graphs and gear graphs. Except for gear graphs in the above list of star like graphs, there are precise formulas available in the literature to compute the inverse/Moore-Penrose inverse of their distance matrices. These formulas tell that if $D$ is the distance matrix of $G$, then $D^\dagger = -\frac{1}{2}L+uu'$, where $L$ is a Laplacian-like matrix which is positive semidefinite and all row sums equal to zero. The matrix $L$ and the vector $u$ depend only on the degree and number of vertices in $G$ and hence, can be written directly from $G$. The earliest formula obtained is for distance matrices of trees in Graham and Lov\'{a}sz \cite{GL}. In this paper, we obtain an elegant formula of this kind to compute the Moore-Penrose inverse of the distance matrix of a gear graph.

Today, sustainable utilisation of water is becoming more complicated due to dwindling water resources. Hence water is so important but now a day there is insufficiency and scarcity of water in some places. Hence to solve the problem we need to conserve water. Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere and to meet the current and future human demand. This paper focuses on the study of the prevailing water scarcity and demands in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, India by analysis the existing water resources available , population , quality of water and the quantity of water . Finally this paper makes appropriate suggestions to establish sustainable water management without compromising the quality of water. Population, household size, growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change have increased pressures on natural water resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation. Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. The field of water resources management will have to continue to adapt to the current and future issues facing the allocation of water. With the growing uncertainties of global climate change and the long term impacts of management actions, the decision-making will be even more difficult. As a result, IWRM would be a better solution with alternative management strategies are sought for in order to avoid setbacks in the allocation of water resources. In this work, we are trying to implement our IWRM technique in our region. Ideally, water resource management planning regard to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) will create a pavement for solving the water scarcity by means of managing water resources. By collecting all water supply data in a particular region (kovilpatti) and we came to know that all 36 wards of kovilpatti town are safe from scarcity but it is known that the scarcity was faced by the kovilpatti panchayat people, Our solution for that people is by treating the water from natural tanks and thus IWRM is performed in kovilpatti region. The characteristic study is performed for these natural tanks.

The aim of periodontal regenerative therapy is to restore original architecture and function of lost periodontal tissues, as a result of trauma or following destructive periodontal diseases. This review includes the biological principles and efficacy and effectiveness of different biomaterials and factors affecting periodontal regeneration. Various human clinical trials showed a successful periodontal regeneration with different biomaterials. However, postoperative plaque control is one of the key factors influencing periodontal healing following regenerative periodontal therapy. A strong native regenerative potential of the periodontium can be conciliated by local and systemic factors. Keywords: Periodontal regeneration, Guided tissue regeneration, Bone graft/Bone substitutes.

Introduction: Fournier’s gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria resulting in loss of skin and subcutaneous tissue in the perineal area. Various techniques have been described for the reconstruction which we intend to study and thereby propose a reconstructive algorithm. Methods: From June 2018 to October 2019, twenty patients aged between 35–80 years with Fournier’s gangrene were posted for reconstruction of scrotal soft tissue defect. Depending on the size of the defect and amount of tissue loss, patients underwent various procedures for reconstruction which included primary closure, advancement flaps and fasciocutaneous flaps. Patients were followed up post-operatively for 3 months. Results: All patients posted for reconstruction had a single stage, stable, and well-vascularized soft tissue coverage in scrotal defect cases without significant major complication. Seven patients underwent secondary closure, six patients underwent advancement flaps, five patients underwent medial thigh flaps with two patients undergoing SSG in addition to advancement flap. Patients were assessed based on restoring anatomy, cosmetic function and psychological satisfaction. There was good functional as well as acceptable cosmetic outcome in the patients without any significant complications. Conclusion: Most reconstructive techniques provide reliable coverage. In defects confined to lesser than 50% of scrotum, local advancement flap reconstruction is the ideal tension free closure. Medial thigh flap is recommended for defects larger than 50% of the scrotum.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the timing of mother-to-child transmission and perinatal outcomes, and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 status in offspring. DESIGN: Living systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Major databases between 1 December 2019 and 3 August 2021. STUDY SELECTION: Cohort studies of pregnant and recently pregnant women (including after abortion or miscarriage) who sought hospital care for any reason and had a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also provided data on offspring SARS-CoV-2 status and risk factors for positivity. Case series and case reports were also included to assess the timing and likelihood of mother-to-child transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive babies. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. A random effects model was used to synthesise data for rates, with associations reported using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Narrative syntheses were performed when meta-analysis was inappropriate. The World Health Organization classification was used to categorise the timing of mother-to-child transmission (in utero, intrapartum, early postnatal). RESULTS: 472 studies (206 cohort studies, 266 case series and case reports; 28 952 mothers, 18 237 babies) were included. Overall, 1.8% (95% confidence interval 1.2% to 2.5%; 140 studies) of the 14 271 babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection tested positive for the virus with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the 592 SARS-CoV-2 positive babies with data on the timing of exposure and type and timing of tests, 14 had confirmed mother-to-child transmission: seven in utero (448 assessed), two intrapartum (18 assessed), and five during the early postnatal period (70 assessed). Of the 800 SARS-CoV-2 positive babies with outcome data, 20 were stillbirths, 23 were neonatal deaths, and eight were early pregnancy losses; 749 babies were alive at the end of follow-up. Severe maternal covid-19 (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.4), maternal death (14.1, 4.1 to 48.0), maternal admission to an intensive care unit (3.5, 1.7 to 6.9), and maternal postnatal infection (5.0, 1.2 to 20.1) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity in offspring. Positivity rates using RT-PCR varied between regions, ranging from 0.1% (95% confidence interval 0.0% to 0.3%) in studies from North America to 5.7% (3.2% to 8.7%) in studies from Latin America and the Caribbean. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were found to be low in babies born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence suggests confirmed vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, although this is likely to be rare. Severity of maternal covid-19 appears to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity in offspring. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020178076. READERS' NOTE: This article is a living systematic review that will be updated to reflect emerging evidence. Updates may occur for up to two years from the date of original publication.

Drugs as well as poor liquid efficiency and people enduring decadency in the aqueous medium might be in preference to formulated as solid products that include pills, powders, etc. The test that is carried out through the manufacture of impressive product comprises thickness, hardness, friability, dissolution time, disintegration time. The objective consisting of the present report was to document the requirements for the manufacturing of semisolid compounds. Ointments and creams are semisolid compounds given that external application program to the skin. The present report deals with an elaborated overview of comparative study in-process along with the finished product QC test for parenteral preparation. Injectables stay at substantial prominence on the earth market regardless of growing within the pharmaceutical grocery for 2-3 years.

Indian cherry (Cordia dichotoma Forst.) is a medicinally important plant widely consumed as an indigenous remedy for several ailments in the India. Although it is widely used plant by the population, there are no studies on root proving these medicinal claims. The present study was designed to investigate antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and antioxidant activities of Cordia dichotoma Forst. roots and in silico biological activities prediction using PASS. Methanolic extract was prepared and further fractions were obtained by liquid–liquid partitioning. Agar well diffusion assay and disc diffusion method were selected for antimicrobial activity. Antimycobacterial activity was estimated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For antioxidant activity, DPPH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay were employed. All the tested samples exhibited diverse pattern of sensitivity for tested strains. The value of MIC, MMC and MIC index showed that P. vulgaris and K. pneumonia were the most sensitive for ME and CF, whereas A. fumigates and V. myditis were sensitive to CF and AF. Microorganism susceptible index was 100 for P. vulgaris and K. pneumonia bacteria, and A. fumigates and V. myditis fungi. CF exhibited best activity against M. tuberculosis with lowest MIC of 30 mg/ml and highest activity index of 0.85. Dose dependent antioxidant activity was observed in both the assay. This data provides evidence that Cordia dichotoma Forst. roots have potent antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, and moderate antifungal activity and a potential cure for infectious diseases like tuberculosis.

A series of iridium and rhodium complexes M(COD)((PNP)-P-Ph-P-H)]Cl {M = Ir (1), Rh (2)}, MH2Cl((PNP)-P-Ph-P-H)] {M = Ir (3), Rh (4)} and IrH3((PNP)-P-Ph-P-H)] (6) supported by pincer ligand HeN(CH2CH2PPh2)(2) {(PNP)-P-Ph-P-H} have been synthesized and characterized. All complexes were isolated in good yields. The iridium trihydride complex IrH3((PNP)-P-Ph-P-H)] (6) was found to be an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 in 1 M aqueous KOH solution. It also acts as a catalyst for the base-free hydrogenation of carbonyl and imine substrates in MeOH. Under similar hydrogenation conditions, 2-cyclohexen-1-one undergoes solvent assisted tandem Michael addition-reduction mediated by bifunctional Lewis-acid-catalyst IrH3((PNP)-P-Ph-P-H)] in ROH (R = Me, Et) at room temperature. The complexes 1, 3, 4, and 6 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Extensive hydrogen bonding interactions N-H center dot center dot center dot H-Ir (2.15 angstrom), N-H center dot center dot center dot center dot Cl (2.370 angstrom) were noted in the crystal structures of these complexes. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herein, we report a simple solid state synthetic route to prepare carbon-Fe based magnetic nanoparticles with different compositions and morphologies through annealing of amorphous Fe nanoparticles under appropriate conditions. Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) capped amorphous Fe nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 3.2 nm were synthesized using solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) method. Annealing of as-prepared Fe nanoparticles at 300 °C produced carbon encapsulated crystalline bcc-Fe nanoparticles, whereas at higher temperatures i.e., 400 °C and 500 °C, spherical Fe 3 C/C core-shell nanoparticles were obtained. Annealing of as-prepared Fe nanoparticles in the presence of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) ligand under optimized conditions yielded rod shaped Fe 3 C/C core-shell morphology. The size, composition and particle morphology of these magnetic nanoparticles could be controlled by changing the reaction time, temperature and the concentration of the TOPO ligand. Magnetic measurements show that rod shaped Fe 3 C nanoparticles exhibit enhanced coercivity (Hc) values compared with spherical Fe 3 C nanoparticles, which is due to shape anisotropy. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Recent developments in the last few years have shown rapid growth in wireless communication technologies. When a Network is established across the given geographical distance, the biggest issue arises about its effective sharing among all the stakeholders. Nowadays, the internet laid network parses across the globe. Therefore, sharing among nations is required to be distributed without any loss to anyone operating the network. It can be achieved by several other greedy based network sharing approaches, which compute the network business along with the routing information and collectively affects the throughput. To avoid this, we present a novel approach of using the Genetic Algorithm-based Ant Colony Optimization on heavily trafficked networks to improve network performance. We are further predicting the future network traffic and accordingly scheduling the network routing mechanism. Our experiment on NS2 simulator proves that the results are far better than other presented methods of greedy-based computations.

The present study was performed to determine the gingival dimensions (width and thickness) among young individuals in a central Indian population.Periodontal probing depth, width of the keratinized and attached gingiva, and gingival thickness were recorded on maxillary and mandibular teeth from central incisor to first molar unilaterally in 75 systemically healthy individuals (32 males and 43 females; 19-30 years of age). Comparisons were made gender-wise, arch-wise, tooth-wise, and site-wise using either the Student's t test or the ANOVA.Keratinized and attached gingiva were wider in the maxilla than in the mandible both at proximal and at mid-buccal aspects (p 0.001). At the tooth level also, gingiva was wider at the maxillary teeth than the corresponding mandibular teeth and at proximal aspects than at the mid-buccal aspect (p 0.001). Regarding the thickness, gingiva was thicker among males, in the mandible, and at inter-proximal sites (p 0.001). In either arch, maximum thickness was observed at the incisor region and least at the canine region.Dimensions of the gingival tissues vary between different populations and between different areas of the dentition within the same subject. These variations need to be better understood because these aspects may have an important bearing on periodontal treatment planning as width and thickness of gingiva are important in terms of maintenance of periodontal health.The dimensions of the clinically healthy gingiva are important in clinical practice as they can influence the progression of periodontal disease as well as impact the outcome of periodontal and restorative and orthodontic therapy.

This paper shows a charging scheme for electric vehicles that would be faster, effective, and reliable than the existing system. This work proposed the method of changing the current parameters at discrete intervals dependent on the battery’s using the five-level battery charging method. To validate the results and design technique, the proposed work is executed by Matrix Laboratory, the obtained output results were extremely gratifying. Further motivated to build a practical working model and verify it with the obtained software values. Both the results were convincing and confirmed to be much faster than the existing schemes.

Motivated by exploring novel intelligent functional materials deployed in electromagnetic\ud squeezing flows such systems, a comprehensive mathematical model is developed to investigate\ud the squeezing flow of a smart viscous ionic magneto-tribological fluid with zeta potential effects,\ud intercalated between two parallel plates rotating in unison, under the simultaneous application of\ud electric and magnetic fields. The lower disk permits lateral mass flux (suction or injection).\ud Continuity and momentum equations are represented in the proposed three-dimensional\ud mathematical model by a set of partial differential equations. The electro-viscous effects resulting\ud from distorted electric double-capacity flow fields are comprehensively examined for various\ud intensities of applied plate motion. The formulation features a more robust approach to the\ud traditional Poisson-Boltzmann equation model. A similarity transformation is used to translate the\ud governing equations into ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved with\ud appropriate boundary conditions at the disks using MATLAB software. Via graphical visualization\ud of velocity profiles, pressure gradients and the upper wall coefficient of skin friction, several\ud characteristics of squeezing flow are analysed. The computations show that there is a rise in\ud pressure near the plate walls and a fall in pressure in the centre with increment in rotational,\ud electroosmosis, electric field, and magnetic parameters. However, by selecting the appropriate\ud squeezing velocity, the viscous drag on the lower plate can be effectively reduced. It is also\ud observed that as the disk (wall) suction parameter increases, both radial and transverse velocities\ud are damped. The current study generalizes previous investigations with the novelty of rotation and\ud also pressure gradient computations. Furthermore, it provides a useful benchmark for alternative\ud numerical simulations.