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The recovery of motor function after suffering a brain injury is still poorly understood. There are complex interactions between motor learning and motor recovery principles, which guide neural reorganization and allow the reacquisition and restitution of goal-oriented motor patterns (Maier et al. in Front. Syst. Neurosci. 13:74 (2019) [1]). This paper, reviews several studies and applications for rehabilitation and impairment assessment. Were we capitalize on the interaction between motor learning and motor recovery principles and investigate the manipulation of visuomotor feedback for the delivery of optimal neurorehabilitation and diagnostics for motor deficits after stroke and cannabis addiction.

A 15-year-old adolescent girl diagnosed of interaortocaval paraganglioma with a positive 123I-MIGB SPECT/CT and 1 unsuccessful prior surgery was operated on with the assistance of a handheld gamma camera. Once the lesion was located and removed, 2 images were taken, one of the surgical field (without 123I-MIGB uptake) and another of the tumor ex vivo (with high 123I-MIGB uptake), confirming that the lesion had been satisfactorily excised. This case highlights the use of a portable gamma camera as a useful tool to locate this rare tumor, with a SPECT/CT positive for 123I-MIGB and a difficult anatomical location suspected. Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is one of the most common surgical practices in Spain. However, this procedure currently has longest delay on surgical waiting lists (SWL). We have developed a special surgical program that aims to reduce this waiting list and to assess the economic and clinical repercussions in a high-volume bariatric surgery unit. METHODS: A three-month prospective study was carried out comparing outcomes, results and perioperative resources consumed for 45 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who underwent the standard procedure in the operating room, and patients treated in the special program. Epidemiological, healthcare and economic factors were taken into account. RESULTS: Two homogeneous groups of patients were operated on, successfully reducing the SWL. Morbidity was similar in both groups and the average cost of the surgeries performed was 5,331.40; in the standard group, the cost was 5,372.50±798.10, and the cost of the special program group was 5,290.30±685.10, with no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: In hospitals with a high volume of bariatric surgery, it is feasible to incorporate special surgical programs that are able to reduce surgical waiting lists, while maintaining quality criteria and without incurring a greater expense to the healthcare system.

Extraovarian granulosa cell tumor is a very uncommon tumor and the identification of a recurrent mutation in FOXL2 may be used as another diagnostic tool along with the classical morphological and immunohistochemical findings. Here, we report a new case of extraovarian granulosa cell tumor in a 57 years old female patient presented with a sub-hepatic mass and abdominal pain. Histopathological examination of the excised mass showed features of adult-type granulosa cell tumor with alpha-inhibin, calretinin, WT1, S100, CD99 and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity. A FOXL2 mutation was detected on molecular biology study. A final diagnosis was an extraovarian adult-type granulosa cell tumor. We discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical differential diagnosis. Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Intestinal pneumatosis is a radiologic finding that consists of the presence of air in the intestinal wall. The etiology is extensive and can range from a benign entity to one that compromises the patients life. It is important to know and recognize the differences between them as the surgical management will depend on it. We report the case of an 82-year-old male diagnosed with a metastatic castration resistant prostate carcinoma, under chemotherapy with disease progression in treatment with high doses of intravenous morphics. The patient reported abdominal distension with constipation and no vomiting in the emergency department and a distended and tympanic abdomen, without generalized peritonitis was identified during physical examination. A blood analysis showed lactate levels of 0.9 mmol/L and a PCR of 4.2 mg/L without leukocytosis. An extensive colonic pneumatosis with minimum pneumoperitoneum without free fluid was confirmed by a computed tomography (CT) scan (Fig 1). A conservative approach with intravenous antibiotic and clinical surveillance was decided due to the fact that the patient was clinically stable without generalized peritonitis nor pathological findings in the supplementary blood tests. The clinical evolution was uneventful and the patient was discharged from hospital De la Serna et al. opted for a conservative approach for a patient with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma under chemotherapy treatment, who presented asymptomatic intestinal pneumatosis and subsequently made a full recovery. We also believe that the use of some chemotherapeutic agents may cause an increase in the permeability of the intestinal capillaries, allowing air to flow into the intestinal walls. Thus, resulting in this radiologic image, which is more a radiological finding than a disease. We think that a conservative initial attitude should be recommended in hemodynamically stable cases, without peritonitis and non-pathological blood analysis.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up anew energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 9000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its instantaneous luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design valueand the integrated luminosity (totalnumber of collisions) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complexand exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require new infrastructures(underground and on surface)and over a decade to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), relies on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11–12Tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 100 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation, all of which required several years of dedicated R&D; effort on a global international level. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the projectand is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of the HL-LHC.

13th Congreso SAEA "Sistemas alimentarios agroecologicos y cambio climatico" Proyecto LIVESEED

International audience; Marine hunting was an essential activity in the way of life of the Atacama Desert littoral inhabitants, at northern Chile. A pillar in their social structure that was based in the material means to realize it, as boats and their sophisticated harpoon device, resting in the last the possibility of capture and drag mainland preys that substantially outweigh the hunter. Currently the knowledge of harpooning is scarce in archaeology. For this reason we will delve in their morphology, composition, technical qualities, instrumental diversity, and chronology from a 129 harpoon heads sample from different prehistoric periods (6500 cal BP to colony). We will begin conceptually defining the harpoon function, followed by a first typological exercise to order the multiplicity of forms and solutions in a global scale to place the analyzed specimens. In a second typological exercise we will classify the local expression diversity, differentiating them materially and placing them chronologically. Only after this necessary classificatory stage we can approach to their harpoon technology, the hunter role as a social subject, and the position of hunting in the littoral society.; La caza marina fue una actividad esencial en el modo de vida de los habitantes del litoral del desierto de Atacama, al norte de Chile. Un pilar de su estructura social que tenía como base material los medios técnicos para realizarla, como las embarcaciones y su sofisticado dispositivo de arponaje, descansando en este último la posibilidad de capturar y arrastrar hacia tierra firme presas que superaban sustancialmente el tamaño y peso del cazador. En la actualidad muy poco se sabe del arponaje desde la arqueología. Por esto ahondaremos en su morfología, composición, cualidades técnicas, diversidad instrumental y cronología a partir de una muestra de 129 cabezales de arpón de distintos períodos de la prehistoria (6500 cal AP a momentos coloniales). Comenzaremos definiendo conceptualmente la función del arpón, seguido de un primer ejercicio tipológico que ordene la multiplicidad de formas y soluciones a nivel mundial para ubicar los ejemplares analizados. En un segundo ejercicio tipológico clasificaremos la diversidad de expresiones locales, diferenciándolas materialmente y situándolas en la secuencia cronológica. Solo después de esta necesaria etapa clasificatoria podremos aproximarnos a su tecnología de arponaje, el rol de los cazadores como sujetos sociales y el papel de la caza en la sociedad litoral.

Research on network-level influences on HIV risk behaviors among young men in sub-Saharan Africa is severely lacking. One significant gap in the literature that may provide direction for future research with this population is understanding the degree to which various HIV risk behaviors and normative beliefs cluster within men’s social networks. Such research may help us understand which HIV-related norms and behaviors have the greatest potential to be changed through social influence. Additionally, few network-based studies have described the structure of social networks of young men in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the structure of men’s peer networks may motivate future research examining the ways in which network structures shape the spread of information, adoption of norms, and diffusion of behaviors. We contribute to filling these gaps by using social network analysis and multilevel modeling to describe a unique dataset of mostly young men (n= 1,249 men and 242 women) nested within 59 urban social networks in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We examine the means, ranges, and clustering of men’s HIV-related normative beliefs and behaviors. Networks in this urban setting varied substantially in both composition and structure and a large proportion of men engaged in risky behaviors including inconsistent condom use, sexual partner concurrency, and intimate partner violence perpetration. We found significant clustering of normative beliefs and risk behaviors within these men’s social networks. Specifically, network membership explained between 5.78 and 7.17% of variance in men’s normative beliefs and between 1.93 and 15.79% of variance in risk behaviors. Our results suggest that social networks are important socialization sites for young men and may influence the adoption of norms and behaviors. We conclude by calling for more research on men’s social networks in Sub-Saharan Africa and map out several areas of future inquiry.

Perforation of the colon after colonoscopy is a rare but potentially lethal complication. It usually occurs when endoscopy is performed for therapeutic purposes. In these cases the election of the best treatment is difficult and still controversial. Laparoscopy is a new approach for diagnosis and treatment of this condition. We report a case of a patient who was initially treated laparoscopically after a colonoscopic perforation. A postoperative leak was detected and the patient underwent open surgery. Possible therapeutic approaches and a literature review are discussed.

UFOs (Unidentified Falling Objects) are potentially a major luminosity limitation for nominal LHC operation. With large-scale increases of the BLM thresholds, their impact on LHC availability was mitigated in the second half of 2011. For higher beam energy and lower magnet quench limits, the problem is expected to be considerably worse, though. Therefore, in 2011, the diagnostics for UFO events were significantly improved, dedicated experiments and measurements in the LHC and in the laboratory were made and complemented by FLUKA simulations and theoretical studies. In this paper, the state of knowledge is summarized and extrapolations for LHC operation after LS1 are presented. Mitigation strategies are proposed and related tests and measures for 2012 are specified.

UFOs (“ Unidentified Falling Objects”) could be one of the major performance limitations for nominal LHC operation. Therefore, in 2011, the diagnostics for UFO events were significantly improved, dedicated experiments and measurements in the LHC and in the laboratory were made and complemented by FLUKA simulations and theoretical studies. The state of knowledge is summarized and extrapolations for LHC operation in 2012 and beyond are presented. Mitigation strategies are proposed and related tests and measures for 2012 are specified.

To reach the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) design luminosity, the mechanical jitter of the CLIC main beam quadrupoles should be smaller than 1.5 nm integrated root mean square (r.m.s.) displacement above 1 Hz. A stiff stabilization and nano-positioning system is being developed but the design and effectiveness of such a system will greatly depend on the stiffness of the quadrupole magnet which should be as high as possible. Modal vibration measurements were therefore performed on a first assembled prototype magnet to evaluate the different mechanical modes and their frequencies. The results were then compared with a Finite Element (FE) model. The vibrations induced by water-cooling without stabilization were measured with different flow rates. This paper describes and analyzes the measurement results.

Mechanical stability to the nanometre and below is required for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) quadrupoles to frequencies as low as 1 Hz. An active stabilization and positioning system based on very stiff piezo electric actuators and inertial reference masses is under study for the Main Beam Quadrupoles (MBQ). The stiff support was selected for robustness against direct forces and for the option of incrementally repositioning the magnet with nanometre resolution. The technical feasibility was demonstrated by a representative test mass being stabilized and repositioned to the required level in the vertical and lateral direction. Technical issues were identified and the development programme of the support, sensors, and controller was continued to increase the performance, integrate the system in the overall controller, adapt to the accelerator environment, and reduce costs. The improvements are implemented in models, test benches, and design of the first stabilized prototype CLIC magnet. The characterization of vibration sources was extended to forces acting directly on the magnet, such as water-cooling induced vibrations. This paper shows the achievements, improvements, and an outlook on further R&D.

To reach the required luminosity at the CLIC interaction point, about 2000 quadrupoles along each linear collider are needed to obtain a vertical beam size of 1 nm at the interaction point. Active mechanical stabilization is required to limit the vibrations of the magnetic axis to the nanometre level in a frequency range from 1 to 100 Hz. The approach of a stiff actuator support was chosen to isolate from ground motion and technical vibrations acting directly on the quadrupoles. The actuators can also reposition the quadrupoles between beam pulses with nanometre resolution. A first conceptual design of the active stabilization and nano positioning based on the stiff support and seismometers was validated in models and experimentally demonstrated on test benches. Lessons learnt from the test benches and information from integrated luminosity simulations using measured stabilization transfer functions lead to improvements of the actuating support, the sensors used and the system controller. The controller electronics were customized to improve performance and to reduce cost, size and power consumption. The outcome of this R&D is implemented in the design of the first prototype of a stabilized CLIC quadrupole magnet.

Recently the bond strength of composite resin to tooth has received attention from researchers of dental materials. Limitations imposed by the biological substrate, such as the size of the specimen, fostered the development of a tensile test with small dimensions. Due to the reduced size of the specimens, the test is called microtensile test. The specialized literature has not presented standards for the test parameters and the relatively large scatter of published bond strength data probably reflects the lack of standards for the test parameters. The objective of this study is to evaluate how specimen geometry and loading conditions affect the estimation of bond strength. A numerical simulation of the test using a Finite Element Model was performed to determine the associated variations on the stress field imposed by variations in the geometry of the specimen and loading conditions. The Finite Element pre-processing and post-processing was performed on Patran® and the Finite Element processing was performed on Marc®. Results from numerical simulations show that geometrical parameters and loading conditions have a significant influence on the stress field. Some suggestions of standards for the microtensile test considering the non-uniform stress field are presented.

The objective of the present study was verify the influence of specimen dimensions on polymerization contraction stress of a self-cure dental composite and investigate the influence of confinement (expressed by the ratio between the bonded and unbonded area of the composite, or 'C factor') and volume of the specimen on stress values. The composite was inserted between the flat surfaces two glass rods attached to a universal testing machine. Specimen dimensions were defined using glass rods with different diameters (2.5, 5, or 8 mm) and adjusting the distance between them (0.63, 0.83, 1.25 or 2.5 mm). An extensometer was used to keep specimen height constant. Force development was monitored for 30 min and the maximum value was used to calculate nominal stress (MPa). System deformation (compliance) was estimated in order to calculate stress values on an ideally rigid situation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha=0.05) and regression analysis. The interaction was significant (p

Resumen tomado de la revista Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de un estudio epidemiológico realizado en la Comunidad Valenciana (España) en relación con los hábitos de salud de la población comprendida entre los 4 y los 25 años. Su objetivo es exponer los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de 1058 niños entre 9 y 14 años de edad en lo que se refiere a comportamientos y actitudes relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados muestran que un 16 por ciento de niños entre 9 y 14 años ya consumen alcohol los fines de semana junto con sus amigos y un 11-13 por ciento se ha emborrachado entre alguna vez y muchas veces. Se detectan actitudes excesivamente optimistas acerca de los efectos del alcohol, con baja percepción de vulnerabilidad. La asociación entre consumo de alcohol y diversión o relaciones sociales ya se da en estas edades tempranas. Por otro lado, el entorno de los niños podría favorecer su consumo de alcohol: en un 80 por ciento de los casos, los padres consumen alcohol, en un 11 por ciento los niños informan que algún miembro de la familia bebe alcohol en exceso y un 23 por ciento de los padres dan alcohol a sus hijos en las celebraciones. No se detectan importantes diferencias sexuales a estas edades en el consumo y actitudes hacia el alcohol. La conducta de los padres respecto al consumo de los hijos, junto con la asociación alcohol-diversión se revelan como importantes predictores del consumo de los niños. Valencia ESP

Resumen de la revista El presente trabajo forma parte de un estudio epidemiológico realizado en la Comunidad Valenciana (España) en relación con los hábitos de slud de la población comprendida entre los cuatro y los venticinco años. Su objetivo es presentar los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de setecientos catorce adolescentes entre quince y diecisiete años de edad en lo que se refiere a comportamiento y actitudes relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados evidencian que un dos por ciento de los adolescentes a estas edades ya consumen alcohol todos o casi todos los días, además del cincuenta y dos por ciento que consumen habitualmente los fines de semana. En general, el noventa por ciento de los adolescentes beben cuando van de fiesta una media de cuatro vasos o copas. El sesenta y dos por ciento de los adolescentes se ha embriagado en alguna ocasión y de éstos, el veinte por ciento lo hace frecuentemente. La edad de la primera borrachera se suele situar en los catorce años. Asimismo se evidencia actitudes bastante indeseables en lo que se refiere al consumo de alcohol, incluyendo éstas la aceptación de la presión grupal, un optimismo poco realista acerca de los efectos del alcohol o la asociación de su consumo a una mayor madurez. La primera razón por la que los adolescentes beben es la de facilitar la diversión. De hecho para el ochenta y tres por ciento, el consumo entre sus amigos es habitual. También se observan altos índices de consumo entre los padres. finalmente los resultados de este estudio muestran importantes diferencias sexuales en el patrón de consumo de alcohol y las actitudes asociadas en el sentido de una mayor problemática en los chicos que en las chicas. Valencia ESP

Resumen de la revista En el presente trabajo se muestra el patrón de adherencia al tratamiento de un grupo compuesto por 69 pacientes seropositivos y con SIDA extraídos en su mayor parte del Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General de Castellón (España). A todos los pacientes se les administró una entrevista estructurada compuesta por un total de 29 preguntas relativas a diversos aspectos relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento, tanto por lo que se refiere a la adherencia farmacológica como a la asistencia al régimen de visitas médicas y la prevención de reinfecciones, así como diferentes cuestiones que pueden estar influyendo en estos comportamientos. En términos generales se puede observar cómo cerca de la mitad de los pacientes (53 por ciento) informa no seguir con el tratamiento farmacológico adecuadamente y aproximadamente un 15 por ciento presentan otras formas de no-adherencia como son el no acudir a las visitas médicas o no cambiar sus hábitos relacionados con las conductas de riesgo. Valencia ESP

This paper aims to describe the development process, the factor structure, the reliability and validity of a multidimensional scale to measure HIV/AIDS-related knowledge for adolescents (HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scale, HIV-KS). After a pilot study of the items, a questionnaire of 28 items was administered to a sample from 14 different schools in 5 counties in Spain. Firstly, Principal-component analysis was used: first, to test a theory-driven structure and second, to develop an empirically derived factor structure for HIV-KS, which was tested with a confirmatory factor analysis. Secondly, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were examined and finally, the factorial invariance was analyzed according to gender and age with a sample of 1,216 Spanish adolescents. The final version of the HIV-KS consists of 10 items distributed across three major factors. The factors included are: (1) HIV oral transmission, (2) HIV effects, and (3) other HIV transmission methods. The HIV-KS is invariant across gender and age and shows good validity and internal reliability. HIV-KS is a capable and parsimonious self-report scale for assessing main aspects of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge for adolescents El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala multidimensional para evaluar los conocimientos relacionados con el VIH/SIDA en adolescentes (Escala de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA, HIV-KS). Tras un estudio piloto se administró un cuestionario de 48 ítems a una muestra de 14 centros escolares de 5 provincias españolas. Se puso a prueba la estructura teórica del cuestionario mediante un análisis de componentes principales al que se le aplicó un análisis confirmatorio. Se analizó la validez convergente y discriminante y la fiabilidad de la escala y, finalmente, se procedió a comprobar su invarianza factorial en función del género y la edad con una muestra de 1216 participantes. La versión final de HIV-KS estuvo compuesta por 10 ítems distribuidos en 3 factores principales. Los factores incluidos fueron (1) Transmisión oral del VIH, (2) Efectos del VIH, y (3) Otras vías de transmisión del VIH. La escala HIV-KS muestra invarianza en función del género y la edad y buena consistencia interna. HIV-KS es una escala capaz de evaluar de forma rápida y eficaz el grado de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA en población adolescente

Sequence analysis has shown significant homology between the catalytic regions of the mammalian ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), yeast Ira1p and Ira2p (inhibitory regulators of the RAS-cyclic AMP pathway), and neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the NF1 gene. Yeast expression experiments have confirmed that a 381-amino-acid segment of neurofibromin, dubbed the GAP-related domain (GRD), can function as a GAP. Using the RNA polymerase chain reaction with primers flanking the NF1-GRD, we have identified evidence for alternative splicing in this region of the NF1 gene. In addition to the already published sequence (type I), an alternative RNA carrying a 63-nucleotide insertion (type II) is present in all tissues examined, although the relative amounts of types I and II vary. The insertion is conserved across species but is not present in GAP, IRA1, or IRA2. GenBank searches have failed to identify significant similarity between the inserted sequence and known DNA or protein sequences, although the basic amino acid composition of the insertion shares features with nuclear targeting sequences. Expression studies in yeasts show that despite the partial disruption of the neurofibromin-IRA-GAP homology by this insertion, both forms of the NF1-GRD can complement loss of IRA function. In vivo assays designed to compare the GAP activity of the two alternatively spliced forms of the NF1-GRD show that both can increase the conversion of GTP-bound ras to its GDP-bound form, although the insertion of the 21 amino acids weakens this effect. The strong conservation of this alternative splicing suggests that both type I and II isoforms mediate important biological functions of neurofibromin.