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Abstract: Sera obtained from convalescent individuals, and vaccinated individuals can induce low neutralizing efficacy against variants of concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the majority of COVID-19 vaccines are less efficacious against VOCs when compared to their efficacy against the original virus. Immune escape is one of the significant mechanisms observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the substantial mutational capacity of VOCs such as B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, C.37, and B.1.621. Omicron, a novel strain of SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as B.1.1.529, was identified in South Africa. This variant is a potential new VOC by the World Health Organization (WHO), and confirmed cases have been arising across several nations due to its rapid spreading ability. Omicron variant can acquire substantial immune escape following Delta, Beta/Gamma D614G VOCs and subsequently facilitating potential infectivity due to its enhanced ACE2 binding ability. The Omicron variant is a highly mutated variant accompanied by higher transmissibility and immune evasion. This mini review describes the ability of VOCs to acquire immune escape and also describes the comparative neutralization efficacy of several vaccines, including Booster doses against SARS-CoV-2.

A preschool child presented with white reflex in left eye since 2 months. Examination under anaesthesia revealed left eye retinoblastoma group D as per international classification of retinoblastoma. In collaboration with medical oncologist, systemic chemotherapy was started. After two cycles of systemic chemotherapy, tumour ruptured into the vitreous cavity suspending the tumour cells in the vitreous jelly. After a combination of systemic and intravitreal chemotherapy with adjuvant transpupillary thermotherapy of the residual retinal tumour, retinoblastoma regressed completely with corresponding flat scar.

Water is a basic need for all living beings, it is important to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of water. Water gets polluted due to many reasons such as waste from industry, garbage waste, sewage waste, etc. Most of the time, the water bodies are cleaned manually with human labor which requires a lot of time and cost. Hence there is a need to incorporate technology such that cleaning work is done efficiently and effectively and human intervention is minimum. The proposed system is a remotely controlled robot that collects surface water trash and the collected waste can be easily disposed. The system effectively cleans wastes found in rivers and lakes such as plastic wastes, garlands, bottles, and other wastes found floating on water.

In recent years, there have been many attempts to introduce blockchain-based identity management solutions, which allow the user to take over control of his/her own identity. In this paper, the authors have reviewed in-depth existing blockchain-based identity management papers and patents published online. Based on that analysis of the literature, a system will be implemented which will come up with the current issues and try to minimize them. Being transparent, immutable, and decentralized in nature, blockchain mechanism is found to be a better technology which can reduce the corruption in the experimental scenario. The objective is to develop a decentralized system which can be used for the verification of the employees in an organization. This is done to stop or reduce the cases of identity theft and data leakage in recent time. This system will be using Ethereum blockchain platform for monitoring the information and smart contract for authentication.

This paper presents an IoT- based smart book reader for visually impaired individuals, using a Raspberry Pi computer and various software tools. The system allows users to capture images of printed material using a camera, which are then processed using Tesseract OCR software to extract text. The extracted text is then translated from English to Marathi using the Google Cloud Translation API, and converted to speech using the Google Text-to-Speech API. The system is designed to be operated using a single hardware button, making it easy and intuitive for users with visual impairments. The proposed system offers a low-cost and portable solution for visually impaired individuals to access printed material, and has the potential to improve their quality of life.

Background: Dengue is a rapidly increasing global public health problem especially in tropical countries. Dengue is a benign and self-limiting febrile illness in the majority of children but in some children, it can progress to severe dengue (SD) resulting in shock, hemorrhage, and death. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to develop a scoring system to predict dengue infection severity. Materials and Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted on all children admitted with dengue fever at a tertiary teaching institute in India. Daily scoring was done for pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet count (scores 1–3), and systemic complications (0 if absent, 3 if present). Then, highest score recorded during the hospitalization period was taken for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 194 cases were classified into probable dengue (PD) 134 (69.1%), dengue with warning signs (DWS) 41 (21.1%), and SD 19 (9.8%) as per the WHO 2009 classification. Mean age of presentation was 11.5 years. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (97.9%), vomiting (73.1%) and signs noticed were flushing (63.4%), hepatomegaly (34.5%), and periorbital puffiness (27.3%). Among 134 children with PD, 116 (86.5%) had dengue severity score 5–6, with only 18 (13.5%) had score 7–13, whereas all 60 (100%) children with DWS and SD had score 7–13, none of them had score 7 identified all children with DWS and SD with overestimation in 13.5% children with PD. Conclusion: Daily dengue severity score of >7 indicates the high probability of DWS and SD. However, this scoring system should be validated by similar studies in different settings before we can apply in routine clinical practice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition with a complicated autoimmune component that mainly affects women in their forties and fifties. The disorder appears in several forms, ranging from episodic somatosensory impairment to progressive and irreversible central nervous system (CNS) injury. The fundamental cause of this disorder is lack of serotonin (5HT), a neurotransmitter with numerous immune effects. Decreased 5-HT levels or synthesis have also been related to increased proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS. Among several other proinflammatory cytokines, two prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) have been identified as primary effectors of neuroinflammation's functional effects on neurodegeneration.TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates homeostasis, immunity, and inflammation and IL-1β is also a cytokine with neuroimmunological and neurophysiological functions. MS patients are usually on drugs that change the serotonergic system, because of increased clinical comorbidities and proven serotonin deficits. Several studies have shown that higher 5-HT levels have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, which could help to delay the progression of the disease.

A nano manganese dioxide (MnO2) was electrodeposited galvanostatically onto a carbon fiber (CF) surface using the simple method of anodic electrodeposition. The composite electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Very few studies investigated the efficiency of this electrode for heavy metals removal, especially chromium. The electrosorption properties of the nano MnO2/CF electrode were examined by removing Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. NaCl concentration, pH, and cell voltage were studied and optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BDD) to investigate their effects and interactions on the electrosorption process. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the removal of Cr(VI) ions were a cell voltage of 4.6 V, pH of 2 and NaCl concentration of 1.5 g/L. This work indicated that MnO2/CF electrode was highly effective in removing Cr(VI) ions and the BBD approach was a feasible and functional method for evaluating the experimental data.

COVID-19 prediction models are highly welcome and necessary for authorities to make informed decisions. Traditional models, which were used in the past, were unable to reliably estimate death rates due to procedural flaws. The genetic algorithm in association with an artificial neural network (GA-ANN) is one of the suitable blended AI strategies that can foretell more correctly by resolving this difficult COVID-19 phenomena. The genetic algorithm is used to simultaneously optimise all of the ANN parameters. In this work, GA-ANN and ANN models were performed by applying historical daily data from sick, recovered, and dead people in India. The performance of the designed hybrid GA-ANN model is validated by comparing it to the standard ANN and MLR approach. It was determined that the GA-ANN model outperformed the ANN model. When compared to previous examined models for predicting mortality rates in India, the hypothesized hybrid GA-ANN model is the most competent. This hybrid AI (GA-ANN) model is suggested for the prediction due to reasonably better performance and ease of implementation.

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is the most promising technique in the present era to bring sustainability, reliability, and pseudo ductility to concrete structures due to its superior properties. Thermoplastic and thermoset polymers are the most thrown-out synthetic waste that contributes to environmental pollution for a long time. Knowing this issue an attempt was made to use High-Density Polyethylene Fiber (HDPE) fillers of size 40x2 mm has been used in concrete. This investigation aims to estimate the integrity effect of HDPE fillers incorporation and wrapping of concrete with Basalt fiber mats (BFM) and Geo-textile fiber mats (GFM) on split tensile strength, shear strength, and impact resistance as per standards. Results indicate that the addition of an optimum quantity of HDPE has a significant effect on improving the tensile, shear, and impact strengths. Adding HDPE fillers in the range of 0.5 - 1.5% in concrete samples wrapped with Basalt and Geo-textile fiber mats showed an increased tensile strength of up to 14.06% and 7.40% respectively with that conventional concrete. Further, wrapping of concrete using Basalt fiber and geotextile fiber mats showed a 4.16% and 20% increase in shear strength for 0.5% HDPE-incorporated concrete samples. Higher impact resistance was also observed for HDPE-added and fiber-wrapped concrete samples.

Background: Increasing prevalence of thyroid dysfunction has been reported in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine thyroid screening of asymptomatic individuals. Hence, this study was undertaken in an attempt to resolve these issues. Objectives of this non-randomized, cross-sectional, single-center study was to study thyroid function in HIV positive patients at various stages of disease. Methods: This single-center study was carried out at Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital and Government District Hospital Bijapur, Karnataka, India from December 2020 to December 2022. The final selected study population included newly diagnosed adult and adolescent (17-60 years) HIV+ patients was composed of 100 participants of either gender. Patients were interviewed and enrolled in the study after examining in detail according to the proforma and then by taking their written consent and explaining the purpose of the study. The thyroid hormone assays (S. TSH, FT3 and FT4) were done by chemiluminescence immuno assay (CLIA) using ADVIA Centaur-equipment. Results: Overall mean age was 36 years (range in years: 17–66 years) and 66 patients (66%) were males. Male: female ratio of 1.94:1 was recorded. In the 50 patients having acquired immuno-deficiency virus (AIDS), FT3 levels ranged from 0.230 to 4.0 picogram/ml with a mean of 2.131+0.9826 picogram/ml. In 50 patients having AIDS, the FT4 levels ranged from 0.30 to 1.90 nanogram/dI with a mean 1.179±0.4484 nanogram/dl. Conclusions: All forms of thyroid dysfunction were observed.

The aim of the study was to evaluate radiographic clearance and clinical outcomes in patients over age 80 who undergo SQUID 18 embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the management of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). From April 2020 to October 2021, data were obtained from patients with cSDH who underwent MMA embolization at our institution. Clinical and radiological data including pre-operative and last follow-up CT scans were analyzed. Six embolization procedures were performed in five patients using SQUID 18, a liquid embolic agent. The median age was 83 years, and three subjects were female. Two of the six cases were recurrent hematomas. MMA embolization was achieved in 100% of cases. The median diameter of the hematoma at admission was 20 mm and at last follow-up was 5.3 mm, demonstrating statistically significant radiographic clearance (P = 0.043). There were no intra or post-operative complications. Mortality was not noted during observation period. SQUID MMA embolization safely and significantly reduced the hematoma diameter and offers an alternative treatment in patients older than 80 years with cSDH.

Infrastructure development is key for economic growth of a country. However, poorly planned and deficiently designed infrastructure facilities becomes hazardous to the public. This leads to frequent fatalities in densely crowded cities like Pune. To minimizing fatalities by improving existing infrastructure facilities is game changer to overcome this problem. In India and around the globe many crowded cities are transforming with Metro rail networks to make urbanites life easy. In this study we have analyzed safety measures and evaluated Level of Service (LOS) for At-Grade intersections, along metro rail corridors in Pune city. This study gives good to fare idea about current safety situation of At-Grade junction based on various parameters viz. Junction Design, Pedestrian Facilities, Public Transport Facilities, Impact of Metro Infrastructure etc. The data used in this study is mostly open sourced data from Mappls RealView 360, Google Street View and site inventory. This study can be used for wide scale implementation for crowded cities, which may helpful in multimodal infrastructure development.

In the current study thePreliminary phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of leaf and leaf derived callus extracts ofPassiflora caeruleawere carried out in different solvent extracts.MS medium showed a better response than B5 medium and White’s medium for callus induction. The plant and callus extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins and glycosides and leaf extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, whereas stem extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates and phlobatannins. . The methanol, chloroform, leaf extract showed an inhibition zone of 8.00 mm againstB. cereusandE. coli. Methanol and hexane Callus extract showed an inhibition zone of 7.00mm againstE. coliandP. aeruginosa. The presence of antibacterial property of the solvent extracts against selected microorganisms might be due to the presence of some compounds. Further phytochemical studies are required to explore compounds responsible for the activity.

Currently, analysts in a variety of countries have developed various protocols for WSN clustering. Among them, the significant one is LEACH (low-energy adaptive cluster hierarchical) that accomplishes the objective of energy balancing by occasionally varying the CHs in the region. Nevertheless, since it implements a random number method, the appropriateness of the CH is full of suspicions. As a result, this work intends to discover the optimal cluster head selection (CHS) model for maximizing energy aware and secured routing in WSN. Here, optimal CH is chosen based upon constraints such as “trust evaluation (direct and indirect trust), distance, security (risk level evaluation), distance, energy and delay”. In addition, the routing model considers the path quality determination of cluster (reliability). For choosing the best CH in WSN, slime wrap food update with cat and mouse optimization (SWFU-CMO) is deployed. Finally, the simulated outcomes verify the efficacy of presented approach related to residual energy, throughput, delay, etc.

Introduction: Osteochondromas are very common. They are typically seen in long bones and rarely seen in smaller bones. Some of the rare presentations include flat bones, the body of pelvis, scapula, skull, and small bones of the hand and foot. Their presentation also varies according to the site of presentation. Case Reports: We have included five cases of osteochondromas occurring at rare locations with variable presentations and their management. We have included one case of metacarpal, one case of skull exostosis, two cases of scapula exostosis, and one case of fibula exostosis. Conclusion: Osteochondromas can rarely occur at unusual locations. It is important to thoroughly evaluate all patients presenting with swelling and pain over bony regions to accurately diagnose osteochondromas and manage accordingly. Keywords: Scapula, metacarpal, fibula, skull, excision.

Integrated farming system diversified components such as agriculture, animal husbandry sheep and poultry rearing have been proved to be economically viable, technically feasible environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable. There is a need to study the sustainable of the combination of different farming system under different agro climatic situation in the long run including value crops modeling to identify farming system options to suit a given agro-climatic and socio economics situation a better planning and utilization of the available resource with bright scenario for the farm community as well whole. Due to increasing population and declining in per capita availability of land and horizontal expansion of land for 7 F’s-food, fodder, fuel, fiber, fruit flower and fish invention and vertical expansion by integration of different farming systems. Further, unique method of refining farmers to develop individual farm plan, to obtain continuous, maximum net returns (Sustainable income),with minimize the risk, efficient use of available resources, constant decision making method, labour intensive, technically feasible, environmentally sound, economically viable and socially acceptable, immediate goal increase net income and ultimate goal family welfare, sustaining ecosystem for future generation

A 58-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of painless blurred vision in the right eye. There was no antecedent history of trauma, flashes and floaters. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Right eye intraocular pressure (IOP) was 9 mm Hg

Background: It was hypothesized that vestibular stimulation causes improvement in auditory and visual reaction time in young adults.Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 8 weeks of vestibular exercises on auditory and visual reaction time in young adults.Materials and methods: A total of 40 male and female young adults were part of the study after obtaining informed consent. They were grouped into control and intervention groups by random numbers generated by the software randomizer.org. Reaction time was recorded by the reaction time apparatus. Post-intervention values were recorded after 8 weeks of intervention and compared.Results: There was a significant improvement in the auditory and visual reaction times in young adults who followed by the intervention. Conclusion: The present study results suggest that vestibular exercises have a positive impact on reaction time. The study highlights the need for further detailed studies in this area.

In this experimental work D2 and D3 type cutting tool samples have hot forged and heat treated. The belt a drop hammer of weight 500N was employed to press forge the selected steel tool materials. In the forging operation the materials were heated to 1100°C-1200°C. The structures of hot forged and heat treated tool samples were observed through metallurgical microscope. The hardness and impact strength of the tool materials were studied using Vickers micro hardness tester and Charpy impact testing machine. The wear resistance of the tool materials was assessed using pin on disc wear tester at constant sliding speed (1.675m/s) and sliding distance (1005m) at room temperature condition. The hardness, impact strength and wear resistance of the 20% forged and heat treated D2 tool and D3 tool materials were found comparatively better and the same was discussed under the background of microstructural changes.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 in a at ICAR-Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Kalaburagi-II (Raddewadagi), Jewargi taluk, Kalaburagi district, to study the characterization, extraction of biochar and humic acid on yield parameters of maize in maize-chickpea cropping system and its residual effect on chickpea under rainfed condition .The results showed that, the biochar was highly alkaline in nature (pH of 8.91), medium in salt content with an electrical conductivity of 1.89 dS m-1. The total carbon content (78.20 g kg-1), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (0.64, 0.29 and 1.02 %, respectively). It also showed good amount of secondary and micronutrients. Biochar had also lower the bulk density (0.54 Mg m-3) and good water holding capacity (67.50 %). Whereas, the humic acid showed acidic in reaction (pH 4.20) and higher the nitrogen content (1.38 %). The maize was the test crop to study the direct effect and chickpea was raised to study the residual effect. The experiment were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatments and replicated thrice. The pooled analysis revealed that significantly higher significantly higher yield and yield parameters of maize and succeeding chickpea crops were recorded with application of 100 % NPK + biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + HA @ 10 kg ha-1 and it was on par with the treatment receiving 100 % NPK + biochar @ 2.5 t ha-1 + HA @ 10 kg ha-1 compare to other treatments.

The scarcity of fossil fuel has led to the recent worldwide commercialization of biodiesel-blended diesel. The benefits associated with emulsion fuels have encouraged researchers to study the blended emulsified fuels in diesel engines. Recent results show the effectiveness of blended emulsified fuels in terms of better fuel economy and less harmful emissions. Investigation on the stability of these blended emulsified fuels during storage in the fuel tank is equally crucial for commercialization and practical application. A systematic study on the storage stability of water in biodiesel/diesel blend nanoemulsions (nEs) is presented in this work. A mixture of two biodegradable surfactants, Span 80 and Tween 80, is used to stabilize the nEs. The nEs are formulated by subjecting a mixture of 5 vol % of each surfactant, 5 vol % of water, and 85 vol % of pure or blended diesel to high shear homogenization at 5000 rpm for 2 min. Storage stability of the emulsified fuels is studied for 65 days at 25 °C with the help of dynamic light scattering and viscosity measurements. The mean droplet size increases, and the stability decreases with an increase in the biodiesel concentration. The smallest mean droplet size is 32 nm for emulsified fuel using pure diesel, and these emulsions remain stable for 65 days. No macroscopic phase separation is observed for any sample aged for 24 days. A moderate increment in droplet sizes is observed during this period. The droplet size increases significantly when more than 15 vol % biodiesel is used in the fuel blend. Those samples show stratification after 65 storage days. An increment in the zero-shear viscosity of the samples over aging helps hinder the rapid coalescence of the droplets, thus preventing phase separation. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the samples is also investigated at elevated temperatures up to 50 °C. The nEs are found to be highly stable within this temperature range and showed a moderate change in mean droplets size, especially when the concentration of biodiesel in the emulsified fuel blend is less than 15 vol %.

We report a 21 year old male resident of Tasgaon, Maharashtra who was diagnosed with drug resistant tuberculosis affecting his lungs and brain, resistant to first line antitubercular drug Rifampicin. Initially he was diagnosed as a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, left sided tubercular pleural effusion. Later during course of treatment he developed central nervous system tuberculosis confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging brain contrast study and Cerebrospinal fluid study. Cerebrospinal fluid catridge based nucleic acid amplification test showed Rifampicin resistance. He was started on Modified longer oral Multidrug/extensively drug resistant tuberculosis regimen according to Programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis in India, 2021 guidelines. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Extra pulmonary, Programmatic management of drug resistance, Oral regimen, Central nervous system tuberculosis

The position-based routing of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) vulnerable to various security attacks because of dependency on computing, control, and communication technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled VANET application leads to the challenges such as integrity, access control, availability, privacy protection, non-repudiation, and confidentiality. Several security solutions have been introduced for two decades in two categories as cryptography-based and trust-based. Due to the high computation complexity, cryptography-based solutions are outperformed by recent intelligent trust-based mechanisms. The trust-based techniques are lightweight and effective against the well-known security threats in VANET. The objective of this paper has to design a novel position-based routing in which the conduct of vehicles assessed to accomplish reliable VANET communications. Attack Resilient Position-based VANET Protocol (ARPVP) proposed to detect and prevent malicious vehicles in the network using the trust evaluation technique and artificial intelligence (AI). In the first phase of ARPVP, the periodic self-trust assessment algorithm has designed using various trust parameters to detect unreliable vehicles in the network. In the second phase of ARPVP, the position-based route formation algorithm has designed using the AI technique Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). ACO solves the problem of reliable route formation by neglecting the attacker's using a trust-based fitness function. The trust parameters of each vehicle as mobility, buffer occupancy, and link quality parameters had measured in both phases of ARPVP. Simulation outcomes of the proposed model outperformed state-of-art protocols in terms of average throughput, communication delay, overhead, and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR).

Iron nanocatalyst for its potential application as Fenton's catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue dye was synthesized with the fruit extract of Citrus maxima using bioleached laterite iron as a precursor. Synthesized iron particles were characterized suitably and their catalytic role in the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B by Fenton's oxidation was evaluated. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibits heterogeneous catalytic properties in the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B with a degradation efficiency of 93.6 and 91.3%, respectively. Observed rate constants are consistent with the increase in catalyst dosage as it speeds up the reaction. The degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B follows a pseudo-first-order reaction with a linear fit. Reusability studies confirm the reduction in the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized iron nanoparticles after five consecutive cycles.

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes. These organisms are involved in the formation of biofilm and can evade treatment. There is no definitive study to screen the genes associated with biofilm production associated with Pasteurella multocida. The present study describes the real-time PCR based approach for screening of genes associated with biofilm formation. Out of 10 isolates screened for biofilm formation, five of them produced biofilm on Congo red agar of which all are resistant to major antibiotics especially cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin and tetracyclines. All the isolates show presence of genes associated with biofilm formation indicating that other factors influencing the biofilm production. We suggest that the future studies may be targeted to unravel the other factors that influence the biofilm production.

Global climate change is anticipated to have a profound impact on drought occurrences, leading to detrimental consequences for the environment, socioeconomic relations, and ecosystem services. In order to evaluate the extent of drought impact, a comprehensive study was conducted in the Hyderabad–Karnataka region, India. Precipitation data from 31 stations spanning a 50-year period (1967–2017) were analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) based on gamma distribution. The findings reveal that approximately 15% of the assessed years of experienced drought conditions, with a range of influence between 41% and 76% under SPI_3, and between 43% and 72% under SPI_6. Examining the timescale magnitude frequency provided insights into variations in the severity of drought events across different locations and timescales. Notably, the Ballari (−8.77), Chitapur (−8.22), and Aland (−7.40) regions exhibited the most significant magnitudes of drought events for SPI_3 with a 5-year return period. The heightened risk of recurrent droughts in the study area emphasizes the necessity of integrating SPI in decision-making processes, as such integration can markedly contribute to the development of reliable and sustainable long-term water management strategies at regional and national levels.

Coronary artery disease, it remains most and important cause of death all over the world. Many of these deaths are attributed to the development of arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are key events before, during or after the occurrence of acute MI. Bradyarrhythmias occur more frequently in inferior than anterior wall myocardial infarction. Sinus bradycardia is the most common bradyarrhythmia throughout acute myocardial infarction, seen frequently in rst 4-6 hours of infarction. Block of early onset is generally of short duration. First degree atrioventricular block has no hemodynamic effects and needs no intervention. Treatment required only if symptoms developed. A prospective observational study Methods conducted at a tertiary care centre with approval from Ethics Committee for Academic Research projects, Postgraduate Academic Committee. A total of 60 patients over a period of 1 year admitted to the ICU for Acute myocardial infarction having bradyarrhythmia are included in study. Results Mean age group is 65 ± 14. All females are of post menopausal age group. Hypertension is the most common risk factor. It is present in (48.33%) patients. Diabetes mellitus is second most common risk factor in present study. It is present in (38.33%) patients. Smoking is present in (26.67%) patients. Total no of anterior wall MI with bradyarrhythmia is (26.67%) while no of inferior wall MI with bradyarrhythmia is (71.67%). In this study, no of cases discharged is (90%) while mortality is seen in (10%) patients. It is also seen that conduction defects are most Conclusion commonly associated with inferior wall myocardial infarction and interventricular defects are commonly associated with anterior wall myocardial infarction patient. Maximum bradyarrhythmia are seen in 1st hour of presentation.