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The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternatively divided into Vale do Rio do Peixe, Presidente Prudente, and São José do Rio Preto formations), and Marília formations. Identified taxa include rare anurans, mammals, and squamates, an important set of testudines, theropods (including birds), and sauropods, in addition to one of the most diverse crocodyliform faunas known worldwide. This congregates more than fifty unique taxonomic entities, including 42 formally described species. Based on biostratigraphic correlations (including tetrapods), on few absolute ages, and other sources of evidence, the Bauru Basin deposits in São Paulo seem to be chronologically restricted to the Late Cretaceous, but further investigation is much needed. Finally, the history of research with such fossils highlights the importance of public funding for research and decentralization of university education for the advancement of science.

Funding Information: The authors thank the editors of Derbyana, especially its Editor-in-Chief Silvio T. Hiruma, for the invitation to participate in this volume dedicated to “Advances in Paleontology”. This contribution results from FAPESP grant 2020/07997-4, to which most of the authors are affiliated. We also thank the Derbyana ad-hoc reviewers, Drs. Agustin Martinelli and Fabiano Iori, for their helpful comments to the manuscript. FIGURE 6 – Cumulative chronological distribution of the tetrapod fossil record in the Bauru Basin of São Paulo (1913-2022) compared to science and technology funding metrics and events: A – For all tetrapods; grey bars indicate total records of tables 1-5; green line indicates taxonomic richness (grey lines in Tables 1-5); pink line indicates FAPESP budget in billions of reais between 1976 and 2021 (FAPESP 2022); blue line indicates CNPq, CAPES, and FINEP budget in millions of reais between 1996 and 2018 (ESCOBAR 2019). Events indicated by arrows correspond, in chronological sequence, to the foundations of USP, “Instituto Geográfico e Geológico”, FAPESP, Unicamp, UNESP, “Instituto Geológico”, and Monte Alto Museum of Paleontology, the implementations of the Qualis list, the Lattes curriculum, the CAPES Portal de Periódicos, and the CNPq “grant”, the foundation of the Marília Museum of Paleontology, the release of the first MCT/CNPq public call for “Strengthening National Paleontology”, and the foundation of “Pedro Candolo” Museum of Paleontology. B – Separately for each recorded tetrapod group, coloured lines indicate total of records in tables 1-5 of Anura = light blue, Crocodyliformes = red, Mammalia = purple, Sauropoda = green, Squamata = yellow, Testudines = orange, and Theropoda = dark blue. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternatively divided into Vale do Rio do Peixe, Presidente Prudente, and São José do Rio Preto formations), and Marília formations. Identified taxa include rare anurans, mammals, and squamates, an important set of testudines, theropods (including birds), and sauropods, in addition to one of the most diverse crocodyliform faunas known worldwide. This congregates more than fifty unique taxonomic entities, including 42 formally described species. Based on biostratigraphic correlations (including tetrapods), on few absolute ages, and other sources of evidence, the Bauru Basin deposits in São Paulo seem to be chronologically restricted to the Late Cretaceous, but further investigation is much needed. Finally, the history of research with such fossils highlights the importance of public funding for research and decentralization of university education for the advancement of science. publishersversion published

Carbonate deposits are numerous and have undeniable economic appeal for the oil industry. However, there are many uncertainties associated with different aspects of these lithologies. Understanding carbonate factories and their global distribution has been a subject of discussion in recent decades, especially concerning the products expected from different carbonate systems, their response to sea‐level variations and the transition between different depositional environments. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand the role of sea‐level variations, and geodynamics in factories and the evolution of Albian depositional sequences on the south‐east continental margin of Brazil. Fifteen lithofacies consisting of seven facies associations and five third‐order sequences were identified. Sequence boundaries are unconformities formed by erosion or non‐deposition surfaces, representing either exposure periods or drowning events, and their correlative condensed sections. The first sequence, deposited in a shallow lagoon environment, recorded the onset of the T‐factory and the start‐up phase of the shelf. The second sequence represents a period of broad carbonate deposition in the basin, related to the catch‐up phase of the platform. The third sequence was established during a sea‐level rise and recorded the keep‐up phase of the platform and the transition from tropical to cool waters. The fourth sequence, was deposited in a deep marine environment and the fifth and last, recorded the shelf drowning. The succession typifies the beginning, the pinnacle and the end of carbonate deposition, spanning the initial and final highstand system tracts. The whole succession is part of a first‐order transgressive cycle that led to a factory transition and culminated with the definitive drowning of the depositional system.

A política externa foi um dos eixos principais do projeto político dos governos Lula. Mudanças nesta agenda proporcionaram a construção de imagem positiva do país no meio internacional, que se perpetuou durante os mandatos de sua sucessora, Dilma Rousseff. Ao mesmo tempo, esse governo aprofundou a agenda social no plano doméstico, sendo o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS) arena institucional privilegiada no processo de formulação, implementação, avaliação e difusão de políticas sociais nos governos petistas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir análise transversal da articulação entre essas duas agendas de política externa e de combate à fome e à pobreza que se imbricam em processos de difusão internacional de políticas sociais brasileiras. Para tanto, a estratégia metodológica envolveu triangulação entre a literatura especializada, documentos governamentais e entrevistas semiestruturadas, de maneira a mapear elementos referentes a essa articulação, assumindo analiticamente que a circulação de determinados atores chave e suas ideias em arenas institucionais fizeram a diferença neste processo de articulação. A base teórica é oriunda da análise de políticas públicas, na forma de uma caixa de ferramentas de categorias analíticas mobilizadas para este estudo. Buscou-se elucidar, por meio de análise descritiva dos arranjos institucionais envolvidos na atuação internacional e na difusão internacional das políticas sociais do MDS, de que forma essa pasta organizava sua área internacional e quais foram as ferramentas mais importantes para sua operação. Observou-se que a produção da política externa nos oito anos de governo Lula teve influência da trajetória de seus principais formuladores e que a atuação da Agência Brasileira de Cooperação (ABC) foi essencial para o processo de difusão internacional dos programas do MDS, principalmente no contato entre demandas externas e esta pasta e no desenvolvimento de projetos de cooperação Sul-Sul. Ademais, existem indícios de que a relação entre as agendas de política externa e de combate à fome e à pobreza se deu, até certo ponto, de maneira planejada, sobretudo no plano paradigmático, ao mesmo tempo que, no plano das estratégias e articulação de instrumentos, o componente incremental parece ser mais relevante para explicar este processo Foreign policy was one of the main center lines of the Lula administration\'s political project. Changes in this agenda allowed for constructing a positive image of the country in the international environment, sustained during his successor\'s, Dilma Rousseff, terms. At the same time, this government deepened the social agenda at the domestic level, with the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) being the privileged institutional arena in the formulation, implementation, evaluation, and diffusion processes of social policies in the PT governments. The research aimed to construct a cross-cutting analysis of the articulation between these two agendas - foreign policy and the fight against hunger and poverty - intertwined in processes of international diffusion of Brazilian social policies. To this end, the methodological strategy involved the triangulation between specialized literature, government documents, and semi-structured interviews to map elements concerning this articulation, analytically assuming that the circulation of certain key actors and their ideas in institutional arenas made a difference in this articulation process. The theoretical base comes from public policy analysis, in the form of a \"toolbox\" of analytical categories mobilized for this study. Through a descriptive analysis of the institutional arrangements involved in international action and the dissemination of MDS social policies, we sought to elucidate how this portfolio organized its international area and which were the most important tools for its operation. It was observed that the trajectory of its central formulators influenced foreign policy production during the eight years of Lula\'s administration and that the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) activities were essential to the process of international dissemination of MDS\' programs, especially for the contact between external demands and this portfolio, and the development of South-South cooperation projects. Furthermore, there are indications that the relationship between the agendas of foreign policy and the fight against hunger and poverty took place, to a certain extent, in a planned manner, especially at the paradigmatic level, while at the level of strategies and articulation of instruments, the incremental component seems to be more relevant to explain this process

La caracterización petrofísica de yacimientos desempeña un rol importante en la industria petrolera, siendo primordial en el gerenciamiento integral y la optimización de procesos de recuperación. El siguiente trabajo planteó el modelado petrofísico y de facies para las unidades formacionales del Grupo Grant y el yacimiento Anderson dentro del Bloque-Bunda-3D-2009 de la cuenca Canning en Australia. Esta propuesta fue dividida en dos etapas. La etapa conceptual se basó en el estudio de la migración y acumulación de hidrocarburos en el área, y la creación de un inventario desde la información registrada en el Sistema de Gestión de Información Geotérmica y de Petróleo de Australia Occidental (WAPIMS). La segunda etapa se desarrolló considerando que la cantidad y distribución de lutitas presentes en las areniscas, tienen un gran impacto en la productividad de los yacimientos de hidrocarburos. Así, el primer paso fue calcular el volumen de lutitas a través del índice lineal de rayos gamma. Posteriormente, se modelaron las facies mediante el uso de redes neuronales y los resultados fueron comparados con las descripciones litológicas reportadas de los núcleos de diámetro completo de perforación. La porosidad efectiva fue modelada mediante el registro de densidad volumétrica de la roca y el tipo de distribución de arcilla; la saturación de agua mediante la correlación de Poupon-Leveaux y el modelo de permeabilidad horizontal fue generado con los datos de análisis convencionales de núcleos de diámetro completo de perforación. Se resalta que la presencia de pirita afectó la respuesta de los registros de densidad volumétrica, porosidad neutrón y de resistividad para algunos pozos del área. Igualmente, el hidrodinamismo actuante y la presencia de agua meteórica en los acuíferos incidió en la respuesta del registro eléctrico resistivo, resultando complejo la identificación de contactos agua - hidrocarburo

We present the analysis of airborne and ground gamma-ray spectrometry signatures of the Araguainha impact structure, located in central Brazil, the largest impact structure in South America with ~ 40 km diameter. The airborne data are total gamma-ray counts per second collected along flight lines spaced 1 km apart. The ground gamma-ray data are concentrations of potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes calculated from radiations measured in three individual channels. The objectives are to distinguish lithologies within the structure, which have naturally distinctive radiogenic signatures, and identify potential post-impact hydrothermal alteration zones, as indicated by high K concentrations. Based on results obtained by numerical modeling of the crater formation, we infer the locations of potential occurrences of target rocks that may have undergone hydrothermal alteration as a result of the impact. The deviations from the background potassium concentration show significant anomalous K values at the center and in the northwestern crater rim, where high concentrations of U are also observed. The numerical model shows that ideal temperature conditions for hydrothermal fluid circulation were attained right after pos-impact gravitational stabilization.

Estudos geoquímicos e mineralógicos de arenitos e argilitos da Bacia Bauru (Cretáceo Superior), localizada na região Sudeste do Brasil foram realizados visando à determinação da proveniência, tectônica da rocha fonte, o papel de processos como intemperismo e reciclagem sedimentar na assinatura geoquímica da rocha fonte e uma evolução paleoambiental para a área de estudo. As amostras têm sua mineralogia principal composta por quartzo, microclínio, calcita, albita, dolomita e hematita. Illita, montmorillonita e paligorsquita são os argilominerais identificados. Elementos maiores, traços e terras raras e as razões elementais entre eles foram utilizadas para determinar a composição da rocha fonte. Valores do Índice Químico de Alteração e do Índice de Intemperismo Químico variando de 64 a 92 e de 84 a 98, respectivamente, e a ocorrência de feldspatos nas rochas sedimentares indicam intemperismo moderado na área fonte. Gráficos de elementos maiores e traços e valores para razões como La/Sc (1,47-4,86), (La/Yb)c (3,86-20,44) e a anomalia de Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0,62-0,92) comparados com dados da literatura sugerem que os sedimentos da Bacia Bauru na área de estudo tenham sido originados de rochas de composição quartzítica a granítico-gnáissica, derivadas de áreas continentais estáveis e depositados em ambientes de bacias intracratônica. A possível área-fonte para as rochas estudadas localiza-se a NE da Bacia Bauru, consistindo em rochas graníticas e metassedimentares do embasamento pré-cambriano. A deposição sedimentar na Bacia Bauru reflete a interação de processos aluviais e lacustres.

The Late Cretaceous Marilia Formation located in the central-southern portion of Brazil is characterized by a succession of sandstones, conglomerates, and paleosols. The paleosols constitute more than 60% of this formation, providing significant information about pedogenetic processes as well as paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate implications. The paleosols of the Marilia Formation have been studied principally from a stratigraphical, sedimentological and paleopedological point of view; however, there are no studies addressing in detail the geochemical behavior of the paleosols. Therefore, we used a robust geochemical dataset combined with stratigraphical and macromorphological interpretations as well as clay mineralogy to conduct a paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate analysis of the Marilia Formation in the western portion of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The results indicate that the paleosols of the Marilia Formation can be divided into three pedotypes and pedochemical units based on their geochemical variations and are limited at the base and top by pedochemical markers. Moreover, X-ray diffraction identified quartz and calcite as primary minerals associated with montmorillonite, smectite, illite and palygorskite, indicating wet periods combined with dry stages associated principally with dry and arid environments. The paleosol distribution and weathering index allow us to interpret the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Late Cretaceous Marilia Formation, suggesting an increase in humidity from east to west in the study area.

A geoquimica dos elementos maiores e traco tem sido usada como importante ferramenta para o estudo da proveniencia, evolucao tectonica e climatica das bacias sedimentares. A Formacao de Sao Carlos e uma unidade do Cretaceo Superior que ocorre na borda leste da Bacia Bauru. Apesar dos estudos paleontologicos e paleodeposicionais realizados nesta unidade nos ultimos anos, pouco se sabe sobre as condicoes tectonicas e climaticas que atuam nos primeiros estagios da sedimentacao, bem como, sua relacao estratigrafica com outras unidades da bacia. A hipotese deste trabalho consiste em avaliar se as formacoes Sao Carlos e Aracatuba possuem correspondencia e compreender a evolucao da margem leste da bacia. Dessa forma, realizaram-se estudos geoquimicos utilizando Fluorescencia de Raios-X em arenitos, siltitos e folhelhos da Formacao Sao Carlos. Atraves do uso do indice de intemperismo quimico, os oxidos dos elementos maiores indicam que, com valores entre 57,12 e 71,58%, os processos de intemperismo moderados, possivelmente associados ao clima arido-semiarido, afetaram a area de origem. Rochas alcalinas, granitos, gnaisses e metassedimentos foram os principais litotipos da area fonte. Os diagramas ternarios indicam que o ambiente tectonico era equivalente a margem continental passiva, coincidindo com as regioes da Serra do Mar e, em segundo lugar, Soerguimento Alto Paranaiba. Com base nos elementos maiores e tracos, suas razoes, e dados ja publicados da bacia, foi elaborado um modelo paleogeografico da borda leste da Bacia Bauru, concluindo-se que a area de origem dos sedimentos foi constituida por rochas intermediarias e felsicas, as vezes recicladas por processos sedimentares.

The Eastern Marlim oilfield, located in the northeastern offshore of the Campos Basin, is a portion of the Marlim Complex, one of the most important oil accumulations ever found in Brazil. This paper presents findings from lithofacies, sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical analyses for the Oligocene-Miocene section of the Eastern Marlim oilfield. Here, we evaluate at least four main lithofacies associations and three major zones recognized in the latter section, presenting sedimentological and stratigraphical interpretations based on stratigraphic correlations, distribution and sand proportion maps, and accompanying petrophysical analysis. Our findings suggest at least two bipartite turbiditic flows representing different stages of deposition associated with a deep-water turbidite sequence, composing the elements of a submarine lobe complex. Massive unconsolidated amalgamated sandstone bodies, displaying very good porosity, lateral and vertical continuity, reflecting excellent reservoirs. The final depositional model of the studied Oligocene-Miocene interval in this work is part of the first-order Highstand System Tract (HST) of the Campos Basin, which in turn represents a second-order, exploration-scale depositional sequence. Finally, the sequence stratigraphic model of the Oligocene-Miocene section of the Eastern Marlim oilfield has an architecture similar to those that have been developed from Oligocene-Miocene global sea level changes.

Rhizoliths are organosedimentary structures produced by plants and are an important proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstructions because the differences in the morphology of rhizoliths and their rooting depths can be used to interpret soil humidity regimes, overall biomass at the soil surface, and the behavior of the water table. With the objective of advancing knowledge on rhizoliths, a study was performed on the macromorphological and micromorphological characterizations of the rhizoliths preserved in the thirty-one paleosols of the Marilia Formation in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Based on the topological and architectural attributes of rhizoliths, and on their possible functional adaptations, such as mycorrhizal associations, three different types of rhizoliths are described in this study and represent at least three different plants: rhizohaloes, root casts and rhizocretions. Well-developed paleosols with nodular horizons contain the higher density of long root casts, indicating a seasonally dry environment, because the root casts present two meters in length. These adaptations are associated with an exploitation of a lowered water table during most times of the year. The higher density of rhizoliths indicates an area with agglomerated arboreous arbustive vegetation cover. Paleosols with chalky horizons also show a high density of root casts, indicating a landscape with high plant density that is adapted to drained soils, but with a seasonally elevated water table or the influence of ephemeral flows, given the proximity to the flow channels. The poorly drained paleosols with redoximorphic features show the lowest density of rhizoliths, thus indicating an incipient vegetation in response to near-surface water table and waterlogged soils in a distal floodplain. The rhizogenic laminar horizons have developed near fluvial channels with frequent sedimentary input, resulting in a sequence of laminar horizons composed of rhizocretions that are separated by sandy deposits or poorly developed pedogenic horizons. The micromorphological analysis on the rhizogenic laminar calcretes showed biogenic features, such as alveolar septal structures, calcified filaments, microcodium, calcified cells and pisoliths. Despite the scarce paleobotanical findings in the Marilia Formation, the results obtained indicate an ecosystem that was composed of plants varying from herbaceous to arboreous, with an environment similar to modern semiarid shrublands.

The current research was performed in the eastern portion of the Marlim oilfield to identify the hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Albian-Oligocene sequences (Macae Group, Ubatuba and Carapebus formations) in the Campos Basin, Brazil. On the basis of petroleum geochemical proxies, an integrated approach was developed using source rock characterizations to establish the distribution of source rock properties, such as organic matter content, hydrocarbon-generating potential, thermal maturity and stratigraphic thickness. The outcomes of a comprehensive petroleum geochemical characterization were integrated with cuttings and core sample descriptions, biostratigraphic controls, well log analyses and 2-D/3-D seismic interpretations. Our results reveal that for the Albian-Oligocene deposits, the key geochemical properties required to develop hydrocarbon source kitchens converge in specific locations, demonstrating a variable hydrocarbon potential ranging from poor to excellent and suggesting the existence of local generation pods in the central and principally northern portions of the research area. The accumulation and preservation of the organic matter were influenced by the paleo-topography and tectonic controls, and the lowest concentrations of organic carbon were attributed to significant siliciclastic dilution taking place mostly toward the middle and southern portions of the Eastern Marlim oilfield. Lateral variations in both the lithofacies and organic facies are the main conditions controlling the behavior of the petroleum potential in the investigated sediments. Our results indicate that the Macae Group has sufficient source-rock potential, maturation patterns, and hydrocarbon-generating potential to be considered as an active source rock in the Eastern Marlim oilfield, where the petroleum geochemical properties converge and are adequate to generate hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, the Ubatuba and Carapebus formations are also likely to generate oil and/or gas, but due to their relatively low maturity, it is difficult to establish that these rocks can be active source rocks in the study area.

An organic geochemical investigation combined with sequence stratigraphy was performed in the Ceara´ Basin, an offshore basin located in Northeastern Brazil. The information available from 30 well logs (gamma-ray, resistivity, density), besides geochemical (TOC, and pyrolysis indexes) and isotopic (δ13C) data, aided the preparation of a dataset for this study. The application of sequence-stratigraphic methods helped classify and correlate seismic and organic facies. Four key petroleum source-rock units were identified, from the oldest to the youngest: (1) Mundaú Formation – top of the Rift Sequence (Berriasian-Aptian); (2) Paracuru Formation – Breakup Sequence (Aptian-Albian); (3) Itapaj´e Member of the Ubarana Formation – Continental Drift Sequence (AlbianTuronian), and (4) Uruburetama Member of the Ubarana Formation – Continental Drift Sequence (TuronianMaastrichtian). The geochemical characteristics of the Mundaú Formation (high total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI), relative hydrocarbon potential (RHP = (S1 + S2)/TOC)) point to a typical transgressive sequence. Six transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles were recognized in the entire Paracuru Formation. The best geochemical marker is related to the top of the Paracuru Formation. This stratigraphic unit can be correlated to a major anoxic event and is the best source rock of this basin. Evaporitic facies found in this top section, maximum RHP values (anoxic conditions), and maximum flooding surfaces related to transgressive events characterize this interval. Moreover, the wide spatial cover of organic-rich rocks, carbon isotopic data, and the recognition of favorable characteristics for anoxia in other basins of the Equatorial Margin are suggestive of the Aptian-Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-1b) occurring in the Cear´ a Basin. The Ubarana Formation represented by the Uruburetama Member and the Itapaj´e Member yields the least promising source rocks. However, high TOC values suggest the occurrence of the late Cenomanian–early Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2), when organic-rich strata started to deposit in deep-water regions. The predominance of a regressive interval in the Uruburetama Member points to oxic or sub-oxic conditions. Additionally, the correlations between the Brazilian Equatorial Margin and its African counterpart, and the organic geochemical characterization allied to the definition of depositional systems for these regions proved to be useful for oil exploration.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 The petrophysical characterization of deposits plays an important role in the oil industry, primarily in the integral management and optimization of recovery processes. The following project presents the petrophysical and facies modeling for the formational units of the Grant Group and the Anderson deposit within the Block-Bunda-3D-2009 of the Canning Basin in Australia. This proposal was divided into two stages. The conceptual stage was based on the study of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the area, and the creation of an inventory from the information recorded in the Western Australia Geothermal and Petroleum Information Management System (WAPIMS). The second stage was developed considering that the quantity and distribution of shales present in the sandstone, have a great impact on the productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Thus, the first step was to calculate the volume of shales through the linear index of gamma rays. Subsequently, the facies were modeled using neural networks and the results were compared with the lithological descriptions reported of the full diameter drilling cores. The effective porosity was modeled by recording the volumetric density of the rock and the type of distribution of clay; water saturation by Poupon-Leveaux correlation and the horizontal permeability model was generated with conventional core drilling analysis data. It is highlighted that the presence of pyrite, affected the response of volumetric density, neutron porosity and resistivity records for some wells in the area. Likewise, the acting hydrodynamism and the presence of meteoric water in the aquifers affected the response of the resistive electrical record, making the identification of water-oil contacts complex. Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Ecopetrol, Bogota, Colombia Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil

O Grupo Itarare compreende pacotes sedimentares sindeposicionais de diferentes ambientes deposicionais. Sua genese e relacionada a ambientes fluvio-lacustre e marinho sob influencia da acao de geleiras. O presente trabalho visou interpretar os elementos arquitetonicos do afloramento na regiao de Salto (SP) e propos um modelo deposional em escala regional para o ambiente. O afloramento apresenta uma sucessao de turbiditos com granulometria variando de muito fino a grosso e a principal estrutura sedimentar verificada sao estratificacoes cruzadas de baixo ângulo. O fluxo das paleocorrentes tem direcao geral predominantemente NW. A analise dos eventos paleoclimaticos, geometria, estruturas sedimentares e facies, alem da direcao das paleocorrentes permitiu a verificacao que o ambiente deposicional insere-se em um contexto de cunha de mar baixo.

Esta Iniciacao Cientifica tem como finalidade uma analise petrofisica das camadas heteroliticas das formacoes Presidente Prudente e Santo Anastacio, pertencentes a Bacia Bauru. A permeabilidade e a porosidade das rochas dessas unidades serao obtidas atraves da analise de lâminas petrograficas, softwares e calculos associados que possibilitam inferir a variacao vertical destes parâmetros petrofisicos num modelo analogo de reservatorio.

This is the first report of trace fossils potentially associated with insect social behavior in sandy and well-drained paleosols of the Upper Cretaceous continental sequence of Brazil. The trace fossils consist of dozens of lobed and vertical structures cemented by CaCO 3 and preserved mainly in full relief in paleosols of the Marilia Formation (Bauru Basin) in the state of Minas Gerais. The described ichnofossils are predominantly vertical, up to 2 m long, and are composed of horizontal lobed structures connected by vertical tunnel-like structures that intersect in the center and at the edges. The lobed structures range from 3 to 15 cm long and 2–6 cm thick. Two different hypotheses are analyzed to explain the origin of the trace fossils; the less probable one is that the structures are laminar calcretes associated with rhizoliths and rhizoconcretions. The hypothesis involving social insects was considered because the trace fossils described herein partially resemble a modern ant nest and the ichnofossil Daimoniobarax. The micromorphological analysis of the lobed and tunnel-like structures indicates modifications of the walls, such as the presence of inorganic fluidized linings, dark linings and oriented grains, supporting the hypothesis that they are chambers and shafts. The architecture and size of the reported nests suggest the possibility that social insect colonies existed during the Maastrichtian and are direct evidence of the social behavior and reproductive strategies of the Cretaceous pedofauna.

An organic geochemical investigation combined with sequence stratigraphy was performed in the Ceara Basin, an offshore basin located in Northeastern Brazil. The information available from 30 well logs (gamma-ray, resistivity, density), besides geochemical (TOC, and pyrolysis indexes) and isotopic (δ13C) data, aided the preparation of a dataset for this study. The application of sequence-stratigraphic methods helped classify and correlate seismic and organic facies. Four key petroleum source-rock units were identified, from the oldest to the youngest: (1) Mundau Formation – top of the Rift Sequence (Berriasian-Aptian); (2) Paracuru Formation – Breakup Sequence (Aptian-Albian); (3) Itapaje Member of the Ubarana Formation – Continental Drift Sequence (Albian-Turonian), and (4) Uruburetama Member of the Ubarana Formation – Continental Drift Sequence (Turonian-Maastrichtian). The geochemical characteristics of the Mundau Formation (high total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI), relative hydrocarbon potential (RHP = (S1 + S2)/TOC)) point to a typical transgressive sequence. Six transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles were recognized in the entire Paracuru Formation. The best geochemical marker is related to the top of the Paracuru Formation. This stratigraphic unit can be correlated to a major anoxic event and is the best source rock of this basin. Evaporitic facies found in this top section, maximum RHP values (anoxic conditions), and maximum flooding surfaces related to transgressive events characterize this interval. Moreover, the wide spatial cover of organic-rich rocks, carbon isotopic data, and the recognition of favorable characteristics for anoxia in other basins of the Equatorial Margin are suggestive of the Aptian-Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-1b) occurring in the Ceara Basin. The Ubarana Formation represented by the Uruburetama Member and the Itapaje Member yields the least promising source rocks. However, high TOC values suggest the occurrence of the late Cenomanian–early Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2), when organic-rich strata started to deposit in deep-water regions. The predominance of a regressive interval in the Uruburetama Member points to oxic or sub-oxic conditions. Additionally, the correlations between the Brazilian Equatorial Margin and its African counterpart, and the organic geochemical characterization allied to the definition of depositional systems for these regions proved to be useful for oil exploration.

The Mundau sub-basin composes the western segment of the Ceara Basin, which is one of a series of basins of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin that resulted from the breakup of Western Gondwana. This study investigates the origin and maturation of the organic matter preserved in the rocks of the middle and outer shelf of the Mundau sub-basin, in order to assess the source-rock potential for oil and gas generation. The samples selected for this study are representative of the Mundau, Paracuru, and Ubarana formations, which correlate with the rift, transition, and drift phases of the Western Gondwana breakup. The results indicate moderate to good potential for oil generation and good potential for gas generation for the Mundau Formation. Fault activity during the rift phase favored sediment supply. Kerogen type III predominates in shallower portions and probably reflects the contribution from the continent. Good to excellent potential for oil and gas generation is indicated for the Paracuru Formation. Kerogen types I and II predominate, having the marine organic matter been deposited in reducing conditions. The most promising interval for hydrocarbon generation is limited by the top of the Trairi Member and the top of the Paracuru Formation. Moderate to good potential for oil and gas generation is suggested for the Uruburetama Member of the Ubarana Formation. The source rocks located in the middle shelf were deposited under reducing conditions in a transgressive marine environment. Kerogen varies from type II, to a mixture of types II and III, and to subordinate type III. Poor to fair potential for oil generation is indicated for the Itapaje Member of the Ubarana Formation. Kerogen type IV (inert or degraded) is typical in the middle shelf, and kerogen type IV and subordinate type III are typical on the outer shelf. The presence of inert kerogen is related to high-energy, oxidizing depositional environments. The hydrocarbon expulsion threshold estimated for the outer shelf is at 2106-m, for the middle shelf at 1635-m, and for the deep waters at 3632-m depths. Source rocks of the middle and outer shelves occur between 561 m and 4080 m, whereas those in deep waters occur between 2754 m and 5007 m of depth. The Active Source Rock Depth Limits (ASDL) estimated for the outer shelf is below 4500 m, whereas for deep waters, this limit is close to 6000 m. These organic geochemical constraints are important guidelines for oil and gas exploration in the Ceara and adjacent basins.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a aplicabilidade e as limitações do uso de estimativas de paleoprecipitação e paleotemperatura em paleossolos da Formação Marília, Neocretáceo da Bacia Bauru. Foram descritas três seções (A1, A2 e A3), compreendendo nove perfis. Os elementos maiores, menores e traços foram determinados por Espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X e as estimativas se basearam em equações exponenciais e regressões lineares. Na Formação Marília, os paleossolos desenvolvimentos sobre arenitos apresentam horizontes argílicos (Btk e Bt) e carbonáticos (Bk) com distintos graus de cimentação, constituindo-se calcretes em sua maioria. Os paleossolos com Bk apresentaram valores médios de 420 e 500 mm/ano, respectivamente para as seções Botucatu (A1) e Garça (A3). Nos paleossolos com Bt, a média de paleoprecipitação foi 881 mm/ano e a média anual de paleotemperatura foi de 10 ºC. Paleossolos com Btk revelaram valores médio de precipitação de 605 mm/ano. As variações de precipitação, tomadas individualmente e indutivamente, proporcionaram a definição de três intervalos paleoclimáticos para o Maastrichtiano da Bacia Bauru. No entanto, a variabilidade dos atributos verticais e horizontais dos solos, bem como o uso excluso dessa técnica como principal método, inviabilizaram a utilização das climofunções, que não alcançaram consenso, em estudos paleoclimáticos.

Este trabalho reúne e discute as principais técnicas de estudo de indicadores geomórficos desenvolvidas por diversos pesquisadores ao longo do tempo e, correntemente, aplicadas à investigação de deformação tectônica/neotectônica/tectônica ativa. A drenagem é um dos elementos mais sensíveis a modificações do relevo, sobretudo àquelas relacionadas a manifestações tectônicas e/ou mudanças climáticas, a oscilações do nível do mar, ou ainda à ação antrópica. Esta sensibilidade dos rios frente a modificações do relevo reflete, não somente, em sua rápida resposta morfológica/morfométrica e sedimentar, mas também no rápido ajuste a um estágio de quase-equilíbrio em curtos períodos de tempo geológico. Isto permite inferir atividade tectônica recente, mediante identificação de regiões em desequilíbrio erosional em áreas de grande extensão, independentemente de províncias geológicas ou geomórficas. Tal característica singular dos rios reforça a importância de identificação de comportamentos anômalos destes em investigações de atividade tectônica e da evolução de ambientes modernos ou reconstituição paleogeográfica. Desta forma, a revisão apresentada considera os índices relacionados a características quantificáveis do relevo, tais como altimetria, hipsometria e declividade, e, sobretudo, a indicadores relacionados a respostas geomórficas e de sedimentação de rios frente a deformação tectônica (desvios, capturas e decapitação; sinuosidade; mudança de padrão de drenagem; migração e avulsão; deformação de perfis longitudinais e índice SL; assimetria e forma da bacia hidrográfica; sinuosidade de rios e padrão de canal, Sinuosidade de front de montanha (Smf); Índice de atividade tectônica relativa (Iat) e carga sedimentar e fluxo, entre outros). Para tal objetivo, o presente estudo envolveu revisão bibliográfica e leitura dos autores proponentes de tais técnicas, enriquecida pela exemplificação de alguns estudos de caso, como no rio Aiuruoca (Serra da Mantiqueira, MG) e rios das Cinzas e Laranjinha (bacia do rio das Cinzas, norte do estado do Paraná). Distante de uma pretensão de totalizar ou encerrar o assunto, este trabalho propõe auxiliar na estratégia de investigação e no processo de escolha das diversas técnicas existentes, bem como contribuir para um melhor entendimento e aplicação destas.

As geometrias, arquitetura dos corpos e variações texturais podem fornecer informações para o entendimento de características petrofísicas que podem ser usadas em estudos de análogos de reservatórios para hidrocarbonetos. O objetivo deste projeto é a caracterização petrofísica das fácies fluviais e eólicas da Formação Marília (Bacia Bauru) a fim de usá-las como análogos de reservatório de hidrocarbonetos. Os resultados são baseados na descrição de fácies e arquiteturas, bem como, na análise petrográfica de lâminas delgadas e técnicas de tomografia computadorizada de raios X (CT), que permitiram visualizar as heterogeneidades mineralógicas e texturais presentes nas rochas de interesse.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os depósitos e paleossolos da Formação Marília, a fim de elaborar um modelo de evolução sedimentar e pedogenética da unidade na região de Gurinhatã (MG). Para isso, foram realizadas descrições dos perfis de paleossolos, fácies, organização geométrica dos corpos rochosos e coleta de amostras para análises micromorfológicas em duas seções em afloramentos localizados na Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira - BR 364 nas proximidades de Gurinhatã. A partir das análises laboratoriais e dos dados coletados em campo identificou-se que os paleossolos se desenvolveram sobre barras arenosas depositadas em sistemas fluviais do tipo entrelaçado. Além disso, esses paleossolos indicam que houveram alternâncias entre períodos com maior predominância de sedimentação e erosão com períodos de calmaria, que possibilitaram a atuação da pedogênese.

The Sanfranciscana basin is a wide intracratonic basin sub-divided in Abaeté sub-basin and Urucuia sub-basin which includes four Groups of Neo Paleozoic to Neo Cretaceous ages, among them there is the target of this study, the Urucuia Group (Upper Cretaceous). The Urucuia Group has the largest rock volume and areal distribution of the basin. Its rocks constitute two Formations, the basal named Posse overlaid by Serra das Araras Formation. In a continental environment where there is a few fossil contents, the paleosol study can bring important information about climatic and geomorphologic conditions, and biological activity being possible to do an environmental reconstruction. Therefore, this project aims to elaborate a paleoenvironmental model to the Upper Cretaceous of the Sanfraciscana basin through facies analysis and paleosol characterization. The fieldwork was accomplished in the outcrops of the Urucuia Group situated near to São Domingo (GO) town. Outcrop descriptions, photographic registration, and sample collection to laboratory analysis were the methodology applied. The outcrop description was made by the identification of lithologies, textures, sedimentary structures, paleocurrents, fossil content, bed geometry, as well as paleosol macromorphologic description.

A analise de facies e elementos arquitetonicos de depositos fluviais em estudos preteritos auxilia a compreensao dos processos fluviais em uma bacia sedimentar. A finalidade do presente projeto esta na aplicacao dos metodos de Miall (1985) em depositos fluviais da Formacao Presidente Prudente do Cretaceo Superior da Bacia Bauru. Os afloramentos estudados estao localizados na BR158 - Rodovia Presidente Venceslau, Maraba Paulista (SP), e na SP294 - Trevo de Pacaembu (SP). Com base em tais metodos, fotomosaicos foram confeccionados e secoes colunares e bidimensionais foram descritas, de modo a reconstruir o ambiente deposicional a partir da analise detalhada das facies e dos elementos arquitetonicos da area. As interpretacoes sugerem um ambiente deposicional do tipo fluvial entrelacado, diferente da classificacao realizada por Fernandes & Coimbra (2000). O estudo possibilita, portanto, o avanco no conhecimento dos processos fluviais para a bacia e o aperfeicoamento das tecnicas de campo e tratamento dos dados sedimentologicos.

Agradecimentos: We are indebted to Prof. Celio Pasquini (Institute of Chemistry, UNICAMP) for facilitating our access to sisuCHEMA instrument, Raymond Kokaly (USGS) for extensive help with WV-3 data ordering and advice on data calibration, and Emanuel Hernandez for assistance in the field. We appreciate DigitalGlobe, especially Bill Baugh, for the kind provision of the WV-3 Supercube data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. SA and CRSF thank FAPESP and CNPq for the research grants No. 2015/06663-7, 2017/25002-7 and 2008-7/303563, respectively. This work was partially supported by the GRSG student award (2016) given to SA Abstract: In this work, oil-sand outcrops of the Anhembi deposit located in the Paraná Basin, Brazil, were investigated using multi-scale imaging spectroscopy. The study incorporated VNIR-SWIR (400-2500 nm) spectroscopic data from imaging (i.e. sisuCHEMA) and nonimaging (i.e. FieldSpec-4) instruments in the lab, an AisaFENIX hyperspectral system on the ground and from the air, and WorldView-3 multispectral instrument. The aim was to assess the usefulness of emerging remote sensing technologies in characterizing hydrocarbon-bearing targets and understand the spatial variability of oil-sands at different scales using multi-source spectroscopic data. The bitumen content of the sands, estimated to be as high as 12 wt. %, was revealed to be unevenly distributed at all scales. Its distribution was shown to be controlled mainly by the clay proportion and permo-porosity of the strata, with the sand sheet facies corresponding to the highest bitumen contents. The ubiquitous clays, identified to be dominantly montmorillonite, were found to be intimately mixed with bitumen at all studied scales. The mean bitumen content was estimated to decrease from 6 to 4.5% while moving from small-, to deposit-scale as a consequence of the pixel aggregation effect and incremental clay contribution. The study showed that bitumen determination on the ground requires an imaging system with a high signal-to-noise ratio and good illumination conditions. Spectral denoising is also a crucial prerequisite for the extraction of coherent spectral information from the data. WV-3 data was proved capable of resolving HC’s feature at 1700 nm wavelength by its SWIR band-4 over targets encompassing >30% of the 7.5 m SWIR pixel; albeit it was not successful in determining the total bitumen content of the sands. This work indicated that HC signatures, particularly the one centered at 2300 nm, is consistent and comparable among scales, and upon employing properly calibrated data, could be used to confidently map the bitumen content of oil-sands at all imaging scales. A multi-scale spectroscopic approach can provide a complete picture of the variations in geologic targets and is able to fill the gap in scale differences across scales that when integrated, would add synergy and help reduce the uncertainties associated with ore grade estimation CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

Agradecimentos: The authors would like to express their gratitude to FAPESP for the financial support of the research. The second author wishes to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for supporting and funding Project FAPESP 2015/17632-5: Sedimentation and paedogenesis of the Upper Cretaceous of the Bauru, Sanfranciscana, Parecis, and Neuquen Basins, to UNESP for the structure given to the progress of the research, to the research groups: Sedimentology and Soil Analysis Laboratory and Detran (detectors of nuclear traces), to the authors of this paper for the exchange of ideas and discussion of the results, and to Brasília University (UnB) for the U–Pb zircon dating Abstract: The Marilia Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit positioned at the top of the Bauru Group of Maastrichtian age. The present work presents a provenance study of the Marilia Formation sandstones through the combined dating of the fission-track method (FTM) and U-Pb, in which individual zircon grains are simultaneously dated by these two methods. Thirty-one zircons were dated in the C5 sample and 26 in the C7 sample for a total of 57 grains. The data demonstrated a wide range of U-Pb ages, presenting maximum and minimum ages, respectively: 2,905 +/- 11 and 128 +/- 1 Ma for the C7 sample and 2,676 +/- 10 and 455 +/- 5 Ma for the C5 sample. Regarding the fission-track (FT) ages, they have been grouped into three time intervals, which are associated to geological events relatively well recognized in the published literature: ages younger than 250 Ma (Wealdenian Reactivation); between 250 and 470 Ma (Palaeozoic orogenesis-Ocloyic, Precordilleran, Chanic, and Sanrafaelic); and older than 470 (Precambrian collisions-Brasiliano I, II, and III). There is a predominance of results of Precambrian age using the U-Pb dating, mainly in the Neopalaeoproterozoic, and with FT dating corresponding to the Ocloyic, Precordilleran, Chanic, and Sanrafaelic orogeneses. From the comparison of the results between the two dating methods, the age variations suggest that the zircons originated during the main south-western orogenesis of Gondwana and were reworked during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological episodes. The ages associated to the Upper Cretaceous are related to the tectonic and magmatic activity of the Alto Paranaiba Uplift FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP Fechado

With the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, the South American Plate has undergone an intense process of tectonic restructuring that led to the genesis of the interior basins that encompassed continental sedimentary sequences. The Brazilian Bauru, Sanfranciscana and Parecis basins during Late Cretaceous have had their evolution linked to this process of structuring and therefore have very similar sedimentary characteristics. The purpose of this study is to establish a detailed understanding of alluvial sedimentary processes and architecture within a stratigraphic sequence framework using the concept of the stratigraphic base level or the ratio between the accommodation space and sediment supply. The integration of the stratigraphic and facies data contributed to defining the stratigraphic architecture of the Bauru, Sanfranciscana and Parecis Basins, supporting a model for continental sequences that depicts qualitative changes in the sedimentation rate (S) and accommodation space (A) that occurred during the Cretaceous. This study discusses the origin of the unconformity surfaces (K-0, K-1 and K-1A) that separate Sequences 1, 2A and 2B and the sedimentary characteristics of the Bauru, Sanfranciscana and Parecis Basins from the Aptian to the Maastrichtian, comparing the results with other Cretaceous Brazilian basins. The lower Cretaceous Sequence 1 (Caiua and Areado groups) is interpreted as a low-accommodation systems tract compound by fluvial and aeolian systems. The upper Cretaceous lacustrine, braided river-dominated alluvial fan and aeolian systems display characteristics of the evolution from high-to low-accommodation systems tracts (Sequences 2A and 2B). Unconformity K-0 is related to the origin of the Bauru Basin itself in the Early Cretaceous. In Sanfranciscana and Parecis basins, the unconformity K-0 marks the contact between aeolian deposits from Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous alluvial systems (Sequences 1 and 2). Unconformity K-1, which was generated in the Late Cretaceous, is related to an increase of the A/S ratio, whereas Unconformity K-1A is the result of the decrease in the A/S ratio. Unconformity K-1A bound Sequence 2A (lacustrine and fluvial systems) and Sequence 2B (alluvial deposits) in Bauru Basin whereas in the Sanfranciscana and Parecis basins this unconformity marks the transition from alluvial system to aeolian system (Sequences 2A and 2B). Changes in depositional style in both basins correspond to two distinct tectonic moments occurring within the South American plate. The first associated with post-volcanic thermal subsidence of the Early Cretaceous (Serra Geral and Tapirapua volcanismos), and the second moment associated with the uplift occurred in the Late Cretaceous (Alto Paranaiba, Vilhena and Serra Formosa Arcs).