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Background: Little is known about the long-term risks of stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women who had a hysterectomy alone (HA) or with bilateral oophorectomy (HBO) for benign diseases, particularly in China where the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is high. We assessed mean levels of cardiovascular risk factors and relative risks of stroke and IHD in Chinese women who had a HA or HBO. Methods: A total of 302 510 women, aged 30 to 79 years were enrolled in the China Kadoorie Biobank from 2004 to 2008 and followed up for a mean of 9.8 years. The analysis involved premenopausal women without prior cardiovascular disease or cancer at enrollment. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios for incident cases of CVD and their pathological types (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and IHD) after HA and HBO. Analyses were stratified by age and region and adjusted for levels of education, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, self-reported health, and number of pregnancies. Results: Among 282 722 eligible women, 8478 had HA, and 1360 had HBO. Women who had HA had 9% higher risk of CVD after HA (hazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06–1.12]) and 19% higher risk of CVD after HBO (1.19 [95% CI, 1.12–1.26]) compared with women who did not. Both HA and HBO were associated with higher risks of ischemic stroke and IHD but not with hemorrhagic stroke. The relative risks of CVD associated with HA and HBO were more extreme at younger age of surgery. Conclusions: Women who had either HA or HBO have higher risks of ischemic stroke and IHD, and these risks should be evaluated when discussing these interventions. Additional screening for risk factors for CVD should be considered in women following HA and HBO operations, especially if such operations are performed at younger age.

Protein aggregation in the cell is often manifested by the formation of subcellular punctate structures. Herein, we modulated the solvatochromism and solubility of Nile Red fluorophore derivatives to quantitatively study the polarity inside pathogenic protein aggregates, revealing structure- and protein-dependent polarity heterogeneity.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder associated with multiple organ failure. Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are two newly recognized cell death, and whether pyroptosis and ferroptosis are involved in AP remain largely elusive. The nature compound Wedelolactone (Wed) exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the present study aims to investigate the effect of Wed on AP and unravel whether Wed could protect against AP and relevant lung injury against pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Our results showed that the pyroptosis inhibitor disulfiram or ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 significantly alleviated AP and associated lung injury in the taurocholate or caerulein-induced murine AP model. Administration with Wed ameliorated AP and lung injury as evidenced by improved pathological injuries, reduced serum pancreatic digestive enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokines. The in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated that Wed broadly inhibited caspase1/caspase11 activation, reduced mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and N-terminal domain of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) level. The oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were also suppressed along with the up-regulation of the ferroptosis antagonism marker glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) in Wed treatment group. Wed promoted the transcriptional activity and the selenium sensitivity of GPX4. Moreover, the protective effects of Wed in caerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells were markedly abrogated by the down-regulation of GPX4. Collectively, our data suggest that pyroptosis and ferroptosis play crucial roles in AP. Wed mitigated AP and associated lung injury via GPX4 mediated suppression of pyroptosis and ferroptosis.

Decomposition of plastic materials into minuscule particles and their long-term uptake pose increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and biosafety. Besides common cell viability and cytotoxicity evaluations, how plastic nanoparticles interfere with different stress response pathways and affect cellular fitness has been less explored. Here, we provided the first piece of evidence to demonstrate plastic nanoparticles potentially can deteriorate proteome stability, compromise cellular protein homeostasis, and consequently cause global proteome misfolding and aggregation. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles of different sizes and surface charges were exploited as model plastic materials. In cell lysate and human blood plasma, naked PS nanoparticles with hydrophobic surface deteriorated proteome thermodynamic stability and exaggerated its aggregation propensity. While no cell viability ablation was observed in cells treated with PS nanoparticles up to 200 μg·mL-1, global proteome aggregation and stress was detected by a selective proteome aggregation sensor. Further proteomics analysis revealed how protein homeostasis network was remodeled by positively charged PS nanoparticles via differential expression of key proteins to counteract proteome stress. In mice model, size-dependent liver accumulation of positively charged PS nanoparticles induced hepatocellular proteome aggregation and compromised protein homeostasis network capacity that were invisible to standard ALT/AST liver function assay and histology. Meanwhile, long-term liver accumulation of plastic nanoparticles deteriorated liver metabolism and saturated liver detoxification capacity of overdosed acetaminophen. This work highlighted the impact of nanoplastics on cellular proteome integrity and cellular fitness that are invisible to current biochemical assays and clinical tests.

Summary Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite considerable improvements in diagnosis and treatment, little is known about the short-term and long-term prognosis after a first stroke in low-income and middle-income countries, including China. We aimed to assess the short-term and long-term risk of recurrent stroke and mortality after a first stroke for each of the major pathological stroke types. Methods This population-based cohort study included adults aged 35–74 years without disability who were recruited to the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). A baseline survey was conducted in ten geographical areas (five urban, five rural) in China, and participants had clinical measurements recorded. Participants were followed up by monitoring death registries and by electronic linkage to health registries and health insurance claims databases, with follow-up until Jan 1, 2017. Participants were excluded from analyses if they had a previous history of stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or ischaemic heart disease at baseline. All incidences of fatal and non-fatal stroke during the study period were recorded by type (ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and unspecified type). Primary outcome measures were 28-day mortality, recurrent stroke, major vascular events (recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death), vascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Findings Of 512 715 individuals in the CKB, 489 586 participants without previous ischaemic heart disease and stroke at recruitment were included, of whom 45 732 (42 073 [92%] confirmed by brain imaging) had a stroke during the study period. The mean age was 59·3 years (SD 9·8) for participants who had a stroke (54% women) and 50·8 years (10·3) for participants with no stroke (60% women). 36 588 (80%) of the incident cases of stroke were ischaemic stroke, 7440 (16%) were intracerebral haemorrhage, 702 (2%) were subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 1002 (2%) were an unspecified stroke type. 28-day mortality was 3% (95% CI 3–4) for ischaemic stroke, 47% (46–48)for intracerebral haemorrhage, 19% (17–22; 52% for rural areas and 32% for urban areas) subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 24% (22–27) for unspecified stroke. Among participants who survived stroke at 28 days, 41% (41–42) had recurrent stroke at 5 years (ischaemic stroke 41% [41–42], intracerebral haemorrhage 44% [42–46], subarachnoid haemorrhage 22% [18–27], unspecified stroke type 40% [35–44]) and mortality at 5 years was 17% ([17–18] ischaemic stroke 16% [15–16], intracerebral haemorrhage 28% [26–29], subarachnoid haemorrhage 16% [12–20], unspecified stroke type 15% [12–19]). After a first ischaemic stroke, 91% of recurrent strokes were also ischaemic stroke; after an intracerebral haemorrhage, 56% of recurrent strokes were intracerebral haemorrhage, and 41% of recurrent strokes were ischaemic stroke. Interpretation After a first stroke, the risk of recurrence or death within 5 years was high among this population of Chinese adults. Urgent improvements to secondary prevention of stroke in China are needed to reduce these risks. Funding Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Floating wind farms has been a global trend in utilizing offshore wind resources. With the development of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), dynamic inter-array cable would be required to connect between floating structures. W shape is a kind of dynamic cable configuration that shape the cable floating in midwater and connect between floating platforms. This paper tends to look into W shape dynamic cable configuration performance in extreme environmental conditions. The sensitivity of buoyancy and cable length is evaluated, which provides information for future development of such kind of configuration.

Background Lean body mass has been identified as a key determinant of left ventricular mass and wall thickness. However, the importance of lean body mass or other body‐size measures as normative determinants of carotid intima‐media thickness ( cIMT ), a widely used early indicator of atherosclerosis, has not been well established. Methods and Results Carotid artery ultrasound measurements of cIMT and carotid artery plaque burden (derived from plaque number and maximum size) and measurements of body size, including height, body mass index, weight, body fat proportion, and lean body mass ([1−body fat proportion]×weight), were recorded in 25 020 participants from 10 regions of China. Analyses were restricted to a healthy younger subset (n=6617) defined as never or long‐term ex‐regular smokers aged cIMT , but was not associated with plaque burden: overall, each 10 kg higher lean body mass was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI , 0.03–0.04) mm higher cIMT ( P =5×10 −33 ). Fat mass, height, and other body‐size measures were more weakly associated with cIMT . Conclusions The strong association of lean body mass with cIMT, but not with plaque burden, in healthy adults suggests a normative relationship rather than reflecting atherosclerotic pathology. Common mechanisms may underlie the associations of lean body mass with cIMT and with nonatherosclerotic vascular traits.

Rationale Little evidence from large-scale cohort studies exists about the relationship of solid fuel use with hospitalization and mortality from major respiratory diseases. Objectives To examine the associations of solid fuel use and risks of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Methods A cohort study of 277,838 Chinese never-smokers with no prior major chronic diseases at baseline. During 9 years of follow-up, 19,823 first hospitalization episodes or deaths from major respiratory diseases, including 10,553 chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), 4,398 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7,324 acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), were recorded. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for disease risks associated with self-reported primary cooking fuel use. Measurements and Main Results Overall, 91% of participants reported regular cooking, with 52% using solid fuels. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had an adjusted HR of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.40) for major respiratory diseases, whereas those who switched from solid to clean fuels had a weaker HR (1.14, 1.10–1.17). The HRs were higher in wood (1.37, 1.33–1.41) than coal users (1.22, 1.15–1.29) and in those with prolonged use (≥40 yr, 1.54, 1.48–1.60; Conclusions Among Chinese adults, solid fuel use for cooking was associated with higher risks of major respiratory disease admissions and death, and switching to clean fuels or use of ventilated cookstoves had lower risk than not switching.

As the demand of marine resources is continuously growing, more and more people are focusing on the study of underwater towed system for marine survey, in which mastering and predicting the dynamic characteristic of the system is the key problem. Based on the parameters of a certain underwater system, combined with the lumped mass method, the underwater cable-body 3D motion mathematical model has been established by OrcaFlex, in which the variation of the tension of the towed cable and the variation of the depth of the towed body have been given and the effect of the towed speed on critical radius in the process of the 360° rotary motion has been discussed. The results show a good agreement with previous research results. At the same time, we also make a research on the effects of the change of the hydrodynamic coefficients and the parameters of towed cable on variation of the tension and towed depth. These studies can provide a basis for the selection of cable in the system.

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) of the testis.We studied a case of LCCSCT by light microscopy, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features, treatment and prognosis of the tumor.The patient was a 25 years old man. Pathohistologically, the tumor was characterized by a mass of polygonal tumor cells in a tubular and trabecular growth pattern, with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm, enlarged vesicular nuclei, and extensive calcified debris in stroma. The tumor cells were positive for inhibin, S-100, vimentin and alcian blue, but negative for PLAP, SMA, CK, AFP and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction.LCCSCT is a rare testicular sex cord stromal tumor. Its diagnosis is based on immunohistochemical staining, and it is to be differentiated from other lesions of the testis, including seminoma, Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell node, and androgen insensitivity syndrome. For the treatment of LCCSCT, surgical resection often has a good prognosis.

In order to reduce the probabilities of In-To-Out error and Out-To-In error in APIT localization algorithm and locate more unknown nodes, an improved algorithm based on energy threshold is proposed in this paper. By introducing a certain energy threshold, the unknown nodes that are too close to the anchor node triangles that easily lead to a miscarriage of justice are removed. Besides, the unknown nodes surrounded by two anchor nodes are located. Using iteration, the located unknown nodes are seen as anchor nodes to locate more unknown nodes. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional APIT location algorithm, for the same number of anchor nodes, the location algorithm based on the energy threshold can locate the unknown nodes surrounded less than three anchor nodes and remove the information come from the unknown nodes that easily lead to miscarriage of justice. Thus, the improved algorithm reduces the probabilities of In-To-Out error and Out-To-In error effectively and locates more unknown nodes.

Lipomatous hemangiopericytomas (LHPCs) are rare soft-tissue tumors that are histologically characterized by hemangiopericytomatous vasculature and the presence of mature adipocytes. We present the clinicopathological features of a case of gastric LHPC in a 56-year-old female, along with a literature review. Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound showed a submucosal tumor 0.8 cm across in the greatest dimension in the lesser curvature side of the gastric antrum. Grossly, the well-defined mass had a solid and tan-white cut surface admixed with myxoid regions and yellowish areas. Histological examination revealed a submucosal well-circumscribed lesion composed of cellular nodules with the classic appearance of an hemangiopericytoma admixed with clusters and lobules of mature adipocytes. The ill-defined tumor cells had weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm and contained spindled nuclei with occasional small nucleoli. Nuclei atypia and mitoses were absent, and no cellular atypia, necrosis or vascular invasion was observed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD34, CD99, and vimentin and were focally reactive for bcl-2. This is the first known report of an LHPC in the stomach. The patient was followed for 12 mo without any evidence of metastasis or recurrence.