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Recently, deep learning has been applied to various welding techniques, such as laser welding, gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and resistance spot welding, and research on automation and quality prediction is being conducted. Even for GMAW, many researchers have attempted to predict quality through X-ray, current, and voltage measurements. If judgment in real time is not necessary, it is most effective to judge the quality of a welded part using an exterior image. Therefore, in this study, a welded appearance quality judgment model was analyzed using image deep learning. Welding defects were classified into pores, overlaps, craters, melting of the base material, cracks, and undercuts, and were divided into 7 categories including normal ones. In constructing the deep-learning model, transfer learning was performed using existing networks, such as ResNet and AlexNet. To improve the accuracy of deep learning, tests were performed while the optimization technique, maximum number of epochs, and minibatch size were changed. It was confirmed that the accuracy of weld defect prediction improved as the minibatch size increased, and the stochastic gradient descent model had the highest accuracy. Increasing the number of data for learning should make the technique of using images to judge the quality of GMAW welds using the proposed model more widely applicable.

X70 pipeline steel is butt welded by fully automatic welding at 25 ° slope, and the characteristic information of welding process is collected. A 3D transient heat and mass transfer model of weld pool is established. This model was verified by means of the shape of the weld pool and the two-dimensional shape of the weld, and then the flow field of the fully automatic welding process under steep slope conditions was simulated to clarify the mechanism of the lack of fusion defect. The results show that the welding arc is deflected when it stays on both side walls of the groove. When the arc stays at the bottom of the lower groove, the overflow phenomenon occurs at the structural mutation position of the molten pool located at the bottom of the side wall, and some liquid metal overflows to the front of the groove, forming a "void area" with gas-liquid interface. In the welding process, the liquid metal tends to flow to the side walls for heat transfer under various thermal effects, and forms a large range of eddy current at the side walls. This has a positive effect on sidewall melting. In addition, under the influence of the eddy current, it is difficult for the high-temperature liquid metal in the arc center to flow to the "void area" located at the bottom of the side wall of lower groove. Therefore, the bottom of the lower groove is more likely to cause lack of fusion defect.

Purpose The aim of this paper is to construct a device that simulated the seawater splash zone, dynamic waterline zone (splash zone) and full immersion zone. Localized corrosion of 2A12 aluminum alloy long-scale specimen was studied. Design/methodology/approach Corrosion morphologies before and after the corrosion product removal were used to identify corrosion intensity at full seawater immersion zone, dynamic waterline zone (splash zone) and atmospheric zone. The average depth and diameter of corrosion pits in the three zones were evaluated by three-dimensional optical microscopy. The impact of wetting time of the atmospheric zone on the localized corrosion was investigated. Findings Corrosion pits were observed on the surface on day 4 for the wetted atmospheric zone (Case 1), and on the surface on day 8 for the alternant wet/dry atmospheric zone (Case 2). The corrosion product layer on the surface for Case 1 was partially broken down while the layer on the surface for Case 2 was intact. Average pitting depth and pitting diameters for Case 1 were more serious than that for Case 2. Originality/value The above findings revealed that the humidity of the atmospheric zone had great impact on the localized corrosion of aluminum alloy at the seawater splash zone.

Grain yield and grain quality are major determinants in modern breeding controlled by many quantitative traits loci (QTLs) in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanisms underlying grain shape and quality are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a QTL for grain size and grain quality via map-based cloning from wild rice (W1943), GS10 (Grain Size on Chromosome 10), which encodes a protein with 6 tandem armadillo repeats. The null mutant gs10 shows slender and narrow grains with altered cell size, which has a pleiotropic effect on other agronomical traits. Functional analysis reveals that GS10 interacts with TUD1 (Taihu Dwarf1) and is epistatic to OsGSK2 (glycogen synthase kinase 2) through regulating grain shape and lamina joint inclination, indicating it is negatively involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Pyramiding gs10 and the grain size gene GW5 into cultivar GLA4 substantially improved grain shape and appearance quality. Natural variation analysis revealed that gs10 from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon W1943 is a rare allele across the rice population. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of grain shape and provide the beneficial allele of gs10 for future rice breeding and genetic improvement.

Objective. Investigate the influence of miR-107 on breast cancer cell growth and death through the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Method. As study subjects, the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the normal breast cell line Hs 578Bst were chosen, and MCF-7 cells were, respectively, transfected with control miRNA and miR-107 inhibitor. CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell assay were used to analyze the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and in order to identify the proteins associated with apoptosis in each of the three categories, we used western blot analysis. Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 expression, as well as PTEN/AKT signaling pathway-associated protein expression, are correlated. Result. The expression of miR-107 in MCF-7 cells was significantly greater than that in Hs 578Bst cells, with a P P P P > 0.05); the miR-107 inhibitor group had higher apoptosis (38.96) with P P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the blank group and the miRNA control group with P > 0.05; compared with the blank group, the miR-107 inhibitor group had a lower expression of Bcl-2 protein (0.18), in addition to the degraded paradigms (0.73) and caspase-9 protein concentrations (0.79), respectively. Conclusion. The PTEN/AKT signaling pathway may be regulated by miR-107 to limit breast cancer cell growth and increase apoptosis, which suggests that miR-107 may be exploited as a tumor marker for therapeutic therapy.

Aims: Finding a simple, energy-saving and low-cost synthesis method to process gallium oxide nanowires by CVD for solar-blind detector. Background: Due to a bandgap of 4.5 ~ 4.9 eV and a high breakdown field strength of 8 MV/cm, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has great application prospects in solar blind ultraviolet detection and highpower devices. Notably, Ga2O3 NWs are currently the key research objects of solar-blind UV detection materials because of the characteristics of efficient photocarrier separation and collection, and the bandgap width perfectly matches the energy of deep ultraviolet photons. Objective: To find a simple method to synthesize Ga2O3 nanowire with smooth surface and uniform diameter, and the prepared single gallium oxide nanowire UV detector has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Methods: Ga2O3 NWs are prepared on the SiO2/Si substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach at low reaction temperature with gold particles serving as the catalyst and gallium arsenide (GaAs) as a gallium source. Results: X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy characterization indicate the crystal structure of NWs is β-Ga2O3, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization proves that the NWs have a uniform diameter and smooth surface. Moreover, the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization shows that the material had high crystal quality. Moreover, the photoconductive solar-blind UV detector with a single Ga2O3 NW is prepared, showing the excellent performance of the high responsivity and external quantum efficiency. Conclusion: The effects of growth temperature and the size of gold catalyst on the morphology of β-Ga2O3 NWs have been investigated. The results show that with the reaction temperature is 625 °C and the diameter of Au catalyst is about 30~50 nm, it is more conducive to the formation of NMs with crystal structure, smooth surface and uniform diameter. The performance of the solar-blind UV photodetector shows that the device has higher sensitivity (R = 149.82 A/W), external quantum efficiency (EQE = 73206%), and response rate τrise = 0.66 s, and τdown = 0.45 s.

To determine the demographic characteristics and clinical and radiologic results of low transcondylar fractures and compare them to those of other types of distal humerus fractures using multicenter data, and to suggest an optimal method for their treatment.Retrospective cohort study.Tertiary-care university hospital.Between 2009 and 2019, 581 patients who underwent surgery for distal humerus fractures (OTA/AO classification A1 to C3) were enrolled at seven university-affiliated hospitals.Internal fixation of low transcondylar fractures.Demographic characteristics, including sex, age, mechanism of injury, fixation methods, and complications were compared between low transcondylar (group A) and other distal humerus (group B) fractures. Clinical outcomes assessed included pain, stability, and range of motion. Radiographs obtained at the latest follow-up were assessed for union, delayed union, nonunion, and implant failure.Mean age was 62.1 ± 19.1 (range, 20 - 95) years; and was higher in group A (n = 100) than in group B (n = 376). Patients in group A were predominantly women. Low-energy trauma, such as that from a simple fall, was the most common cause of fracture in group A. Both column fixation, including parallel and orthogonal double plating, was performed more commonly in group A than in group B (87.4% vs 66.4%, P0.001). The nonunion rate was higher in group A, but the difference was not significant. The incidence of ulnar nerve-related symptoms was higher in group A after surgery (6.3% vs 2.0%, P=0.003). No significant difference in clinical outcomes was found between the groups.Low transcondylar fractures occurred more frequently than other distal humerus fractures in older female patients and accounted for 21% of distal humerus fractures. The incidence of ulnar nerve-related symptoms was higher in patients with low transcondylar fractures after surgery. Clinical outcomes were not inferior in patients with low transcondylar fractures. The nonunion rate in patients with low transcondylar fractures treated with double plating was 3.6%.Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Protected grape cultivation develops rapidly because of huge economic benefits. However, adverse environmental conditions (insufficient sunlight, high temperature, etc.) in protected cultivation led to low-quality berries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berry thinning on the quality attributes of two table grape cultivars (Baoguang and Cuiguang) under linkage greenhouse conditions. Three treatments (L, light berry thinning; M, moderate berry thinning; H, heavy berry thinning) were compared with the control (C, no berry thinning). Berry thinning increased berry weight, total soluble solids (TSS), fructose, glucose, the ratio of TSS to titratable acidity (TA), anthocyanin contents, berry firmness, and mineral contents (Ca, Fe, Na, Mg). Conversely, TA and organic acid profiles were decreased by berry thinning. Cultivars showed significant effects on most of the berry quality parameters. The interaction of cultivars by berry-thinning treatments affected sugar and acid components, anthocyanin contents, and mineral elements.

The influences of conjugation on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide guidelines to design the structures for desired applications.

An organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanowire (NW), CH

The increasing demand for road freight has raised tremendous attentions to vehicle platooning, which reduces air resistance and improves fuel economy. To achieve a small and safe spacing between vehicles while ensuring platoon stability, wireless communication assistance is indispensable. However, the imperfection of communication brings degradation of platooning performance (i.e., spacing error) and more possibilities for adversarial attacks. This article proposes a prediction-assisted platooning mechanism from the perspective of performance optimization, wherein each vehicle establishes its local platoon model based on the information received from the communication network, thereby reducing information latency. Then, to secure the system against malicious vehicles, we carry out analysis and design of a detection algorithm for a typical attack type, i.e., data injection attack. The detection is based on three indicators: absolute spacing error, spacing prediction error, and acceleration prediction error. The advantages of the novel platooning mechanism and detection algorithm are ultimately demonstrated on a road-traffic simulation platform that considers the imperfection of realistic vehicle perceptions and Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) communication.

Chuanzhitongluo (CZTL), a traditional Chinese medicine mixture, is used in the recovery period of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and effectively improves the prognosis of AIS patients. This study aims to evaluate whether CZTL regulates microglia polarization and inflammatory response to reduce brain damage in the acute phase of AIS.A mouse model of AIS was prepared by the photochemical method. Cerebral infarct volume was detected by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess neuronal apoptosis. Gene expression profile change was explored by Gene chip. Inflammatory factors were analyzed by Protein microarray. The Immunofluorescence double-labeling assay was executed to elucidate the effects of CD16Results revealed that CZTL treatment alleviated the neurological impairment, reduced cerebral infarct volume, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. CZTL altered gene expression profiles, which indicate that CZTL may be involved in regulating neuroinflammation. CZTL restrained inflammatory responses by down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines level. Further experiments demonstrated that CZTL inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which decreasing the inflammatory response. In addition, CZTL promoted the transformation of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype.These results indicate that CZTL alleviates neuroinflammation and brain damage after AIS in mice, which may be mediated by modulating microglia polarization.

2D hybrid lead halide perovskites exhibit versatile photoluminescent behaviors for narrowband to broadband emissions (BBEs) and have become attractive candidates for potential applications such as solid-state lighting. Establishing the relationship between the perovskite structural distortion and BBE is key but challenging in designing and optimizing the perovskite luminophores. Conventional attention is given to analyzing the intra-octahedron distortion of the [PbX

In Korea, Chuna was officially included in the Korean national health insurance (NHI) system in 2019. In the US, osteopathic manipulative treatment has been part of conventional healthcare since 1966. Since there are few countries that provide manual therapy in mainstream healthcare, academic exchange between experts in Chuna therapy on an international stage is essential; to date there has been a conference in 2018 and 2019, both of which were held in Korea. This review presents a summary of these conference proceedings. There were 13 keynote speakers including doctors of Korean medicine, osteopathic physicians, and policymakers. In the 1st conference, seven speakers shared their knowledge on the history of Chuna, policies, and the current body of evidence for using Chuna and osteopathic manipulative treatment of various conditions. In the following year, six speakers also included novel Chuna techniques, similarities and differences, and explored the possibilities for collaborations moving forward. Previous to these two international conferences, the last national conference was held in Korea in 2008. The timing of these two international conferences has proved significant due to the inclusion of Chuna in Korean national health insurance in 2019, and helped to provide guidance in expanding the scope of manual medicine.

The eastern Apis cerana (Ac) and the western Apis mellifera (Am) are two closely related and most economically valuable honeybee species managed extensively worldwide. However, how worker bees of Ac and Am are adapted to their colony organization remains to be uncovered. Here, we found that the expression level of gene encoding antennae-specific proteins 1 (ASP1, a key regulator in recognizing queen mandibular pheromone) was positively correlated with the colony sizes in both bee species, and the expression level in Am was higher than that in Ac, suggesting that ASP1 may play an important role in maintaining colony homeostasis. Using competitive binding assay, molecular docking, and site-directed mutagenesis, we then confirmed the good binding affinities of both Ac-ASP1 and Am-ASP1 to methyl p-hydroxy benzoate (HOB), and Val115 was the key amino acid. However, the affinity of Am-ASP1 was stronger than that of Ac-ASP1. EAG analysis further demonstrated that antennae of Am worker bees had faster depolarization and repolarization in response to HOB stimulation. Taken together, these findings indicate that the differences in expression levels and binding dynamics allow ASP1 recognizing HOB to potentially serve as a specific regulator of colony organization in Ac and Am.

Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has a lower panicle seed setting rate (PSSR) and gamete fertility than domesticated rice (Oryza sativa), but the genetic mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we cloned a null allele of OsMLH1, an ortholog of MutL-homolog 1 to yeast and mammals, from wild rice O. rufipogon W1943 and revealed a 5.4-kb retrotransposon insertion in OsMLH1 is responsible for the low PSSR in wild rice. In contrast to the wild-type, a near isogenic line NIL-mlh1 exhibits defective crossover (CO) formation during meiosis, resulting in reduced pollen viability, partial embryo lethality, and low PSSR. Except for the mutant of mismatch repair gene postmeiotic segregation 1 (Ospms1), all other MutL mutants from O. sativa indica subspecies displayed male and female semi-sterility similar to NIL-mlh1, but less severe than those from O. sativa japonica subspecies. MLH1 and MLH3 did not contribute in an additive fashion to fertility. Two types of MutL heterodimers, MLH1-PMS1 and MLH1-MLH3, were identified in rice, but only the latter functions in promoting meiotic CO formation. Compared to japonica varieties, indica cultivars had greater numbers of CO events per meiosis. Our results suggest that low fertility in wild rice may be caused by different gene defects, and indica and japonica subspecies have substantially different CO rates responsible for the discrepancy between the fertility of mlh1 and mlh3 mutants.

Understanding the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic variation in hybrids between domestic animals and their wild relatives may aid germplasm innovation. Here, we report the high-quality genome assemblies of a male Pamir argali (O. ammon polii, 2n = 56), a female Tibetan sheep (O. aries, 2n = 54), and a male hybrid of Pamir argali and domestic sheep, and the high-throughput sequencing of 425 ovine animals, including the hybrids of argali and domestic sheep. We detected genomic synteny between Chromosome 2 of sheep and two acrocentric chromosomes of argali. We revealed consistent satellite repeats around the chromosome breakpoints, which could have resulted in chromosome fusion. We observed many more hybrids with karyotype 2n = 54 than with 2n = 55, which could be explained by the selfish centromeres, the possible decreased rate of normal/balanced sperm, and the increased incidence of early pregnancy loss in the aneuploid ewes or rams. We identified genes and variants associated with important morphological and production traits (e.g., body weight, cannon circumference, hip height, and tail length) that show significant variations. We revealed a strong selective signature at the mutation (c.334C > A, p.G112W) in TBXT and confirmed its association with tail length among sheep populations of wide geographic and genetic origins. We produced an intercross population of 110 F2 offspring with varied number of vertebrae and validated the causal mutation by whole-genome association analysis. We verified its function using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Our results provide insights into chromosomal speciation and phenotypic evolution and a foundation of genetic variants for the breeding of sheep and other animals.

Lepidopteran insects mainly rely on sex pheromones to complete sexual communications. Pheromone receptors (PRs) are expressed on the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the sensilla trichodea and play an essential role in sexual communication. Despite extensive investigations into the mechanisms of peripheral recognition of sex pheromones in Lepidoptera, knowledge about these mechanisms in L. sticticalis remains limited. In this study, five candidate LstiPRs were analyzed in a phylogenetic tree with those of other Lepidopteran insects. Electroantennography (EAG) assays showed that the major sex pheromone component E11-14:OAc elicited a stronger antennal response than other compounds in male moths. Moreover, two types of neurons in sensilla trichodea were classified by single sensillum recordings, of which the “a” neuron specifically responded to E11-14:OAc. Five candidate PRs were functionally assayed by the heterologous expression system of Xenopus oocytes, and LstiPR2 responded to the major sex pheromone E11-14:OAc. Our findings suggest that LstiPR2 is a PR sensitive to L. sticticalis’s major sex pheromone compound, E11-14:OAc. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the sexual communication behavior of L. sticticalis, forming a foundation for further analysis of the species’ central nervous system.

To achieve river channel detection in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images, we developed a level-set-based model (LSBM) guided by a designed data-fitting energy which is called the SoDEF (sum of dual exponential functions)-fitting energy. Firstly, we designed a function by computing the sum of dual exponential functions to substitute for the quadratic function, and used it to construct the data-fitting energy. Secondly, the adaptive area-fitting centers (AFCs) were computed based on two kinds of grayscale characteristics, which are more accurate and more stable. Thirdly, the Dirac function in gradient descent flow was displaced by an edge indicator function to help the evolving level sets stop at the target edges. Moreover, some regularized terms were incorporated into the objective function to guarantee the model’s stability. The river channel detection experiments conducted with real SAR images indicated that the developed model is superior to the related state-of-the-art methods in its detection accuracy and efficiency.

In this poster paper, we propose and demonstrate an architectural framework for service Management and Orchestration (M&O) in Sixth-Generation (6G) communication systems. This architecture was designed by the Hexa-X project, which is a European flagship project dedicated to developing a vision and technological enablers for 6G. To provide a comprehensive and high-level description, we consider three views: (i) Functional View; (ii) Structural View; and (iii) Deployment View. We first discuss 6G service M&O before delving deeper into each view.

This study examines the impacts of copper and boron in parts per million (ppm) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SCI). Boron’s inclusion increases the ferrite content whereas copper augments the stability of pearlite. The interaction between the two significantly influences the ferrite content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicates that boron alters the enthalpy change of the α + Fe3C → γ conversion and the α → γ conversion. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirms the locations of copper and boron. Mechanical property assessments using a universal testing machine show that the inclusion of boron and copper decreases the tensile strength and yield strength of SCI, but simultaneously enhances elongation. Additionally, in SCI production, the utilization of copper-bearing scrap and trace amounts of boron-containing scrap metal, especially in the casting of ferritic nodular cast iron, offers potential for resource recycling. This highlights the importance of resource conservation and recycling in advancing sustainable manufacturing practices. These findings provide critical insights into the effects of boron and copper on SCI’s behavior, contributing to the design and development of high-performance SCI materials.