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Cranchia scabra (Figure 2A) was represented in cruise collections by eight small specimens (ML 6.7���15.3 mm). The manus was unexpanded (Figure 3A), with ~16 rows of four small suckers, of equal size across each transverse row and all of similar morphology along the manus and dactylus. Each sucker possessed a single row of elongate-polygonal-faced pegs proximally and two rows of smaller circular-faced pegs distally. The margin of the infundibular ring was smooth proximally and distally, or distally produced into several low, rounded teeth., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1357, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

The single Megalocranchia sp. (Figure 5D) collected was the largest cranchiid specimen, at ML 59.2 mm. Its tentacle club (Figure 6B) bore ~30 transverse rows of four suckers. Carpus, manus and dactylus each bore suckers with distinct morphologies, but the transitions between regions were not distinct, i.e. several suckers of intermediate morphology were present between ���typical��� manus and ���typical��� dactylus suckers. A clear terminal pad region was also present. Sucker size was approximately subequal across each transverse row; those in rows 11���15 were largest on the club, and possessed one or two rows of very small, narrow pegs around the aperture, and approximately six very large, conical teeth produced from the distal inner margin of the infundibular ring. As sucker size reduced distally, the size of the teeth also reduced (and their distribution occasionally included the entire inner margin of the sucker ring), while the relative size of the pegs increased. Dactylic suckers were thus characterized by five to seven low, conical teeth on the inner margin of the infundibular ring, with one or two rows of low, round-faced pegs surrounding the aperture proximally and two or three rows distally., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1363, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

Liocranchia reinhardti (Figure 2B, C) was the most numerous cranchiid collected (n = 15), and represented the greatest size range (ML 7.7���41.1 mm). The overall morphology of these specimens appeared appropriately intermediate between the smaller and larger specimens figured by Voss (1980: fig. 2). At ML 7.7 mm (Figure 3B), the tentacle clubs were stubby, with ~13 transverse rows of four suckers each, following a carpal region of four to six suckers (the latter being present in all specimens examined). The carpal region suckers appeared similar to those of the manus, and manus and dactylus were poorly differentiated, their suckers all appearing similar in size and morphology: the infundibular ring possessed three variably sized, rounded processes distally; a single ring of ovoid to oblong-faced pegs surrounded the aperture; and two to five additional, round-faced pegs were present in a second row distally. At ML 11.2 mm, the clubs were more elongate, and the manus slightly expanded (Figure 3C), with ~20 transverse rows of four suckers; manus and dactylus remained poorly differentiated and the suckers appeared similar in morphology across both regions. Each sucker possessed a single row of elongate, polygonalfaced pegs proximally and two to three rows of smaller, ovoid- to circular-faced pegs distally, with the proximal margin of the infundibular ring smooth and the distal margin produced into several low teeth. At ML ~ 40 mm, the carpal suckers were distinct in morphology (orally flattened, with many low, irregular pegs), and the manus remained only slightly expanded (Figure 3D), with ~10 rows of four suckers, increasing in size through about the seventh row (with those of the medial series slightly larger than those of the marginal series), thereafter quickly decreasing in size. The dactylus, now well differentiated, comprised a further ~15 rows of suckers, their morphology distinct from those of the manus. Those of the manus possessed one or two rows of small, widely spaced pegs proximally; two or three rows of small, widely spaced pegs distally; and approximately five narrow, pointed teeth around the distal margin of the infundibular ring, with the innermost row of pegs distally also resembling elongate teeth in some suckers. The dactylic suckers possessed smooth inner margins of the infundibular ring, and numerous, densely set pegs, in: two rows proximally, with oral faces of inner row pegs largest, and being elongate polygonal in outline (as in smaller specimens); and four to five rows distally, with circular to ovate oral faces., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1357, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219, {"references":["Voss NA. 1980. A generic revision of the Cranchiidae (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida). Bull Mar Sci. 19: 713 - 867."]}

Two specimens of Leachia cf. atlantica (ML 14.6, 28.8 mm) were collected. The clubs (Figure 4A) bore ~14 rows of (generally) four suckers, preceded proximally by two rows of two suckers each, forming a carpal region. The next eight or nine rows comprised the manus, and the final seven comprised the dactylus. The medial manus suckers were greatly enlarged relative to the marginals, and bore two or three proximal rows of pegs, with the innermost largest and ovoid- to polygonal-faced, and two or three distal rows of smaller, approximately circular-faced pegs. The infundibular ring of each medial sucker was produced beyond the oral peg-bearing surface of the sucker, and bore low, slender teeth (about 20 in total) around its entire perimeter. The marginal and dactylic suckers were similar to each other, in having two rows of large, ovoid-faced pegs proximally (with those of the inner row larger); approximately three rows of densely set, circular-faced pegs distally; and the inner margin of the sucker ring often produced beyond the oral peg-bearing surface of the sucker, but generally smooth (without teeth)., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1358, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

The single Megalocranchia sp. (Figure 5D) collected was the largest cranchiid specimen, at ML 59.2 mm. Its tentacle club (Figure 6B) bore ~30 transverse rows of four suckers. Carpus, manus and dactylus each bore suckers with distinct morphologies, but the transitions between regions were not distinct, i.e. several suckers of intermediate morphology were present between “typical” manus and “typical” dactylus suckers. A clear terminal pad region was also present. Sucker size was approximately subequal across each transverse row; those in rows 11–15 were largest on the club, and possessed one or two rows of very small, narrow pegs around the aperture, and approximately six very large, conical teeth produced from the distal inner margin of the infundibular ring. As sucker size reduced distally, the size of the teeth also reduced (and their distribution occasionally included the entire inner margin of the sucker ring), while the relative size of the pegs increased. Dactylic suckers were thus characterized by five to seven low, conical teeth on the inner margin of the infundibular ring, with one or two rows of low, round-faced pegs surrounding the aperture proximally and two or three rows distally.

One specimen of Liguriella podophtalma (Figure 5C) was collected, but the tentacles were in poor condition. The clubs were expanded proximally, narrowing rapidly, and appeared to have a distinct carpal region of about five suckers, followed by ~15 transverse rows of four. No sucker rings remained apart from a distal cluster of about eight; these possessed two rows of large, low, circular to oval flat-faced pegs proximally and approximately five similar rows distally, with those of the inner-most row largest, and about six broad, rounded teeth along the distal margin of the infundibular ring., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1363, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

Galiteuthis armata (Figure 5A) was represented by three specimens (ML 13.4, 16.0, 37.2 mm). The tentacle clubs were unexpanded. Those of the smallest specimen bore ~14 rows of suckers: four rows of two in the carpal region, then about 10 rows of four. In the median two series, the proximal-most sucker had not yet begun to transform into a hook, but the subsequent three suckers had; the remaining suckers were all of similar morphology: on the inner margin of the infundibular ring, four to six low teeth with concave oral faces were present distally, and a single low, wide process was present proximally (as in the larger specimens). In the ML 16.0-mm specimen, the club bore ~16 rows of suckers (Figure 4C): four rows of two in the carpal region, interspersed with low fleshy bumps, then about 12 rows of four. The proximal-most sucker in each median series had enlarged to about half again the diameter of the marginal sucker flanking it, and had begun transforming into a hook; the subsequent three suckers distally and four ventrally were all fully formed hooks. The remaining suckers in all distal rows and the marginal suckers flanking the hooks were all of similar morphology, with two to three rows of densely set, circular-toovoid-faced pegs proximally, and four to five rows of similar but smaller pegs distally, as well as approximately three cylindrical teeth around the distal margin of the infundibular ring. The proximal portion of the infundibular ring was produced into a single low, wide, irregular process or tooth across the sucker ring aperture. The club of the ML 37.2-mm specimen (Figure 4D), although similar in counts and distribution of manus suckers, and slightly larger in absolute size, actually appeared to be at an earlier stage of hook development than the ML 16-mm specimen: the largest hooks were less completely transformed, and the distal-most hook in the ventral row was little more than a large sucker with the hook cusp beginning to emerge from the distal portion of the infundibular ring. The distal suckers and marginal suckers flanking the hooks were similar in morphology to those of the ML 16-mm specimen, with three or four cylindrical teeth distally and the characteristic flat process proximally., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1361, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

Teuthowenia pellucida was represented by three specimens (ML 10.4���28.9 mm, Figure 5E, F). The tentacle club (Figure 6C) was slightly expanded but not clearly differentiated from the stalk, which bore the characteristic transverse rows of four suckers. From the point in the carpal region at which the dorsal and ventral membranes originated, the club bore ~20 transverse rows of suckers, gradually increasing in size through rows 5���8 and largest in the ventral two series. The sucker rings bore two rows of small, round- and concave-faced pegs proximally and two to three rows distally, with six to eight longer teeth produced from the distal inner margin of the infundibular ring. In some suckers, particularly on the distal portion of the club, the teeth continued proximally to a total of about 16 teeth spaced around the entire inner margin; in the more proximal suckers, these teeth were often reduced and sometimes merged into low triangular processes., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1363, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

One Bathothauma cf. lyromma specimen of ML 10.0 mm was taken. The specimen was not in good condition and the tentacle clubs were damaged, but more than 30 rows of four suckers appeared to have been present. Several sucker rings in the distal portion of the club remained (Figure 4B); these possessed two rows of small, concave and approximately circular-faced pegs proximally and distally, and about four teeth distally on the infundibular ring., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1361, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

Helicocranchia cf. pfefferi (Figure 5B) was the second-most numerous cranchiid encountered, represented by nine specimens (ML 8.2���29.0 mm). The minute tentacle clubs (Figure 6A) were not well preserved but appeared to have a short carpal region followed by ~11 transverse rows of four suckers, all of similar size across each row, with the diameter of suckers in the third to sixth rows slightly larger than those in the more proximal and distal rows. Sucker morphology appeared consistent overall across rows and along series, with one or two rows of densely set, small circular-tooval faced pegs proximally, and three to four rows distally, with those of the inner row largest; up to six teeth were also observed distally on the infundibular ring. On several suckers, one or more pegs in the inner row appeared abruptly enlarged, and in one instance, several of the distal polygonal platelets and their pegs appeared fused together, while a number of pegs in the outer-most distal row appeared intermediate in morphology between ���normal��� oval-faced pegs and the elongated, rectangular plates of the outer sucker rim., Published as part of Bolstad, K. S. R., Perez, J. A. A., Strugnell, J. M. & Vidal, E. A. G., 2014, Cranchiids of the South Atlantic Mid-Oceanic Ridge: results from the first southern MAR-ECO expedition, pp. 1351-1371 in Journal of Natural History 49 (21) on page 1361, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.867375, http://zenodo.org/record/4006219

The onychoteuthid genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818 is in systematic disarray. The oldest species, Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817), is widely recognized as a species complex, with which two of the other commonly recognized three species—Onychoteuthis compacta (Berry, 1913) and Onychoteuthis borealijaponica Okada, 1927—and some 20 additional names have been all synonymized at one time. This study, a partial revision of the genus, redescribes O. banksii from the Atlantic Ocean; from the pacific, O. compacta, O. borealijaponica, and Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica Rancurel and Okutani, 1990, are redescribed, the name Onychoteuthis aequimanus gabb, 1868, is resurrected, and two additional species are described: Onychoteuthis lacrima sp. nov., and Onychoteuthis prolata sp. nov. Several new species-level characters are examined in detail, compared, and reported for each species, including buccal morphology, tentacular club and hook morphology, chromatophore patterns on the mantle and tentacles, and photophore shape and size.