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The knowledge of high-pressure behavior of LiH is significant for the validation of fundamental theoretical models and applications in thermonuclear materials and potential energy supplies. The compressibility of7LiH under isentropic compression at high pressure was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental technique for quasi-isentropic compression with low-density materials was developed using the magnetocumulative generator CJ-100 and x-ray flash radiography. The x-ray images and extracted interface of the sample target in dynamic flash radiography experiments were obtained. According to each interface size of the target both before and after compression, the compression ratio of7LiH and reference material aluminum was obtained. The density of the reference and using its known isentropic curve provide the pressure in the reference. The pressure in7LiH was deduced from the pressure in the reference and using the calculated gradient correction factor. The quasi-isentropic data point at 438 GPa was obtained experimentally. A semiempirical three-term complete equation of state was constructed and validated for7LiH using the theory of Mie–Grüneisen–Debye with experimental data from the literature. The quasi-isentrope data point is reasonably consistent with the theoretical results. The quasi-isentropic experimental techniques and results broaden the existing research scope and are practical and helpful to further validate theoretical models in the future.

Guangdong General Hospital set up burn treatment specialist group in 1960. It was one of the hospitals which set up the department of burns in the early time. In the past 58 years, Department of Burn Surgery in Guangdong General Hospital has treated more than 20 000 burn patients, with overall success rate of 98.58%, standing at the global frontier. In the past 58 years, under the leadership of professors Chen Huade and Lai Wen and through the unremitting efforts of the colleagues, our department has developed from a burn treatment specialist group to the key clinical specialty of Guangdong province, sample unit of hundred level of laminar burn care ward, unit of chairman of the second and third committees of the Burn Branch of Guangdong Medical Association, the base of the National Good Clinical Practice, and has provided high level of burn treatment service for people in South China.广东省人民医院于1960年成立烧伤治疗专业组，是我国较早建立烧伤科的医院之一。58年来，广东省人民医院烧伤外科共救治烧伤患者2万余例，总体救治成功率98.58%，位居国内外前列。58年来在陈华德教授、赖文教授等学科带头人的带领下，经过全体同仁的不懈努力，笔者科室由一个单纯的烧伤治疗专业组，发展成为广东省临床重点专科、百级层流烧伤病房样板单位、广东省医学会烧伤学分会第二届和第三届专业委员会主任委员单位、国家药物临床试验基地，并为华南地区广大人民提供高质量的烧伤救治服务。.

Runoff is a crucial process of water cycle and the related research is also important for hydrology. In this study, an experiment of artificial rainfall runoff was conducted on the Linmingguan Test Base of Hebei University of Engineering, China. The results show that the typical rainfalls runoff process in flood season and non-flood season are different on the same slope units; the initial time of runoff yield, the peak time & discharge and recession hydrograph of surface runoff and interflow are various on different slope units. This research can sustain development of principle analysis of runoff yield and concentration and provide technical support for parameter optimization of hydrological model in unsaturated zone of North China.

Highly c-axis oriented ZnO films have been deposited onto Si (100) substrates at room temperature (RT) and 750 degrees C using radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. The films have been characterized with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the film deposited at RT has grains with a regular shape while the grains show an irregular shape at 750 degrees C. Both of the films deposited at RT and 750 degrees C have a crystallographic orientation relationship with the Si substrate, [110](Si)//[100](ZnO) and (001)(Si)// (001)(ZnO) with a deviation angle below 3 degrees. Cross-sectional TEM images reveal that both of the ZnO films deposited at RT and 750 degrees C are composed of two layers. The first layer is a ZnO transition layer on the Si substrate and the second is a high c-axis oriented layer above the transition layer. The effects of substrate temperature on the growth behavior of ZnO films are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chronic Ang II stimulation is linked to cardiac remodeling characterized by fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms involved are not yet fully known. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the chronic effect of Ang II on cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and autophagy.The role of class I PI3-kinase in these actions of Ang II was studied using lentiviral vector-mediated expression of a dominant negative form of PI3-kinase subunit p85α (Lv-DNp85) in the heart. Ang II was infused subcutaneously for 4 weeks on rats using osmotic pumps. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and autophagy were examined in four groups of rats (Ang II+Lv-DNp85, Ang II+Lv-GFP, Saline+Lv-DNp85, Saline+Lv-GFP).Chronic infusion of Ang II induced severe cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis in the heart. These effects were associated with a significant reduction in LC3 II and elevation in ROS levels, suggesting marked impairment of cardiac autophagy and increased generation of ROS. Cardiac transduction of Lv-DNp85 significantly attenuated Ang II-induced impairment of autophagy and elevation of ROS, as well as Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis. To study the cellular mechanisms underlying those actions of Ang II, phosphorylated Akt and mTOR were measured in hearts from these rats. Ang II increased phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR; and cardiac transduction of Lv-DNp85 significantly abolished Ang II-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, a signaling pathway inhibiting autophagy.These results demonstrate that class I PI3-kinase, via activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway, is involved in Ang II-induced impairment of autophagy, elevation of ROS, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, suggesting a novel target for cardiac protection.

The goal of this study was to establish the spatial summation properties associated with inferred PC- and MC-pathway mediated psychophysical contrast discrimination. Previous work has established two paradigms that reveal characteristic signatures of these pathways. In the pulse paradigm, a four-square array was pulsed briefly, on a constant background. In the steady-pedestal paradigm, the stimulus array was presented continuously as a steady-pedestal within a constant surround. In both paradigms, one square differed from the others, giving the observer a forced choice spatial discrimination task. Area summation functions derived for the pulse paradigm decreased with area, with a slope of −0.25 on a log–log axis. Area summation functions derived for the steady-pedestal paradigm decreased as a power function of area, approaching an asymptote above one square degree. The latter are consistent with the classical data of threshold spatial summation.

The purpose of this experiment was to compare S-cone mediated human psychophysical thresholds with in vivo recordings from S-cone excited macaque retinal ganglion cells [1S 2 (L 1 M)] in the presence of luminancemodulated and chromaticity-modulated long-wavelength backgrounds. For psychophysics, increment thresholds were measured for 2°, 3 ms test pulses on a 12°, 2 Hz sine wave background. Test pulse chromaticity was 460 nm. The background was formed by 561 and 645 nm LEDs, either modulated in phase or in counterphase. The time-averaged retinal illuminance was 2500 td, with chromaticity metameric to 588 nm. For electrophysiology, response amplitude to a 9.76 Hz test sine wave was measured on a 0.61 Hz sine wave background, using a 4.7° field. The test was an S-cone isolating (tritan) stimulus. The background was formed by 553 and 636 nm equiluminant LEDs, either modulated in phase or in counterphase. The time-averaged retinal illuminance and chromaticity were 2000 td and 595 nm (for a human observer). The psychophysical data revealed that both chromatic and luminance background modulation resulted in threshold elevations. The electrophysiology revealed that the S 2 (L 1 M) ganglion cells were modulated by the luminance-modulated background, but not by the chromatic-modulated background. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S150–S156, 2001

The objective of this study is to examine effects of extracts from cooked lentils on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in normotensive rats.Animals were divided into four groups (n=5 each group): control group, Ang II group, Ang II plus cooked lentil extract (Ang II+CLE) group, and Ang II plus raw lentil extract (Ang II+RLE) group. The telemetry blood pressure transducers were implanted into all rats. A telemetry BP probe was positioned intra-abdominally and secured to the ventral abdominal muscle with the catheter inserted into the lower abdominal aorta. Heart wall thickness, cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, diameter of the arterial cross-sections, and perivascular fibrosis in heart and kidney were measured. The surface area of positive-staining cardiomyocytes was analyzed using image analysis software. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using an oxidant-sensitive fluorogenic probe.Rats that received cooked or raw lentil extracts (oral administration, 8 weeks) show significantly attenuated Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis. Results demonstrated that pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with cooked or raw lentil extract significantly attenuated the Ang II-induced increase in the size of cells (16.0±1.7% and 21.2±2.9%, respectively, n=5, p0.05), and cooked or raw lentil extracts also attenuated the Ang II-induced increase in the reactive oxygen species levels in cardiomyocytes (19.8±2.2%26.6±3.1%, respectively, n=5, p0.05).This study showed that extracts from cooked lentils could prevent Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, small arterial remodeling and perivascular fibrosis, and heating process does not have any significant affect on these protective effects.

The design and experimental studies of a two-staged explosive magnetic flux compression generator (MFCG) with high inductance load are described in this paper. The first stage of the generator consists of a cylindrical helix and amplifies the current and energy, the second stage carries out impedance transformation to an inductive load of 5-6 pH where an output current of 50-70 kA and an electromagnetic energy of 10-15 kJ is obtained. The pulsed voltage across the load could reach 40-60 kV.

Polyubiquitin genes encode the highly conserved 76-amino acid protein ubiquitin that is covalently attached to substrate proteins targeting most for degradation. Polyubiquitin genes are characterized by the presence of tandem repeats of the 228 bp that encode a ubiquitin monomer. Five polyubiquitin genes UBQ3, UBQ4, UBQ10, UBQ11, and UBQ14, previously isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia [10] encode identical mature ubiquitin proteins, but differ in synonymous substitutions, nature of amino acids terminating the open reading frame, and in the number of ubiquitin repeats. The presence of these five genes in nine other Arabidopsis ecotypes was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Size differences in UBQ3 and UBQ11 amplified products from several ecotypes were observed, suggesting that alleles differ in ubiquitin repeat number. DNA sequence of UBQ11 alleles from each size class (ecotypes Be-0, Ler. and Rld-0) verified that PCR product size differences resulted from changes in the number of ubiquitin repeats. Nucleotide sequence between two UBQ11 alleles containing the same number of repeats was identical. Transcript size differences for UBQ3 and UBQ11 mRNAs between ecotypes Columbia and Landsberg indicated that repeat number changes did not inactivate these genes. Nucleotide sequence comparisons between UBQ11 repeats from different ecotypes suggest that first repeats are related to each other and last repeats are related to each other. We hypothesize that changes in UBQ11 ubiquitin repeat number occurred via the contraction and/or expansion of specific internal repeats or portions thereof by misalignment of alleles and recombination, most likely via unequal crossing-over events.

To identify the calcium channel blockade and anti-free-radical actions of panaxadiol saponins Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, and Rd.On ventricular myocardiocytes of Wistar rats, single channel activities of L, T, and B type Ca2+ channels were recorded with the cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technic, and free radical contents were measured with electron spin resenance method.Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, and Rc 200 mumol.L-1 shortened the open times, prolonged the close times, and reduced the openstate probabilities of calcium channels and 30 mumol.L-1 antagonized the increase of free radical content induced by xanthine 0.42 mmol.L-1-xanthine oxidase 5.3 nmol.L-1, but Rd in the same dose behaved none of the effects.Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, and Rc had both the calcium channel blockade and anti-free-radical actions.

Based on the patch clamp technique, the effect of ginsenoside Rb2 on the single channel activity of Ca2+ was observed through the single ventricular myocytes of Wistar rats. Electron spin resonance was used to measure the free radical contents of cultured cardiomyocytes. It is proved that Rb2 can inhibit the activities of single calcium channel and significantly antagonize the increase of free radical contents induced by xanthine-xanthine oxidase.

Eleven ginsenoside monomers were added to cultured myocardiocytes of neonatal Wistar rats in a concentration of 20 micrograms.ml-1. And the action potentials (AP) were led with microelectrodes. Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rg1, Rg2, Re, and Rh1 inhibited AP, decreasing APA by 20%, 13%, 5%, 18%, 30%, 37%, 28%, and 23%, respectively. The potency of the most effective monomer Rg2 20 micrograms.ml-1 was similar to that of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine 1.25 micrograms.ml-1. Rd, Rf, and Ro had no significant influence on AP. The average potency of the panaxatriol saponin (PTS) monomers were greater than that of the panaxadiol saponin (PDS) monomers. The above demonstrate the reason why the calcium channel blockade action of PTS is stronger than that of PDS results from the summation of monomer drug effects.

We investigated the properties of a Ge–Bi–Te ternary chalcogenide thin film which was deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate by varying RF-sputtering power on the GeTe and Bi target. The aim was to search for an appropriate candidate for a new phase change memory. Various analyses are conducted in order to investigate the composition, phase separation, and crystallization behavior of the Ge–Bi–Te alloy. The XRD results of each annealed sample showed that the Ge–Bi–Te alloy crystallized into Ge2Bi2Te5, GeBi2Te4, GeBi4Te7 phase at around 300 °C according to Ge content and expelled amorphous Ge crystallized as a single phase over 400 °C. Combining these with the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, we demonstrated that Tc and Tm of the Ge–Bi–Te alloy are respectively higher and lower than those of conventional Ge–Sb–Te (GST) films. All the phases, including not only various Ge–Bi–Te ternary phases but also the Ge phase crystal structure, were also confirmed with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images and diffraction patterns. It is noted that some of the Ge2Bi2Te5 grains show specific facetted planes such as {0113}, {0112}, and {0001}. Through successive analyses, we revealed the structural evolution of the Ge–Bi–Te alloy according to Ge contents and confirmed the potential of the Ge–Bi–Te alloy for phase-change random access memory (PRAM) applications.

Zn1−xCdxO films (0⩽x⩽0.179) were grown on Si (001) substrates at 750°C with a radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering method. Difference between the photoluminescence (PL) spectra taken at room temperature (RT) and at 12K is reported and is deduced to be the result of PL emission from the ZnCdO phases with wurtzite and zinc blende structures. It is also found that the RT PL intensity is in inverse proportion to the carrier concentration in the films. Cd incorporation results in the transform of conductivity from p type to n type and a decrease of carrier mobility.

Using reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, epitaxial growth of ZnO film was observed on Si (001) substrate at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 750°C. The epitaxial relationship was determined to be ZnO(001)‖Si(001) in the direction normal to the surface of the films with a deviated angle less than 3° and ZnO[100]‖Si[110] or ZnO[310]‖Si[110] in the plan view. Based on (2×1) reconstruction of Si (001), a heteroepitaxial model was suggested to discuss the influence of Si (001) substrate on the growth and morphology of ZnO films at different temperatures.

Wurtzite ZnO∕MgO superlattices were grown on Si (001) substrates at 750°C with a radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the superlattice to be a highly textured ZnO (001) layer and to be of high crystallinity and homogeneity in thickness. The periodic layer thickness was determined to be 1.85–17.72nm. Room-temperature photoluminescence was detected for all the samples and showed that the blueshift varied with the well width of the ZnO layer, being consistent with the expectation of quantum-size effect.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a sensitive tool for the identificationof specific regions of DNA present in small quantities, was used to detect the presence of T-DNA in 34 Agrobacterium strains from Vitis spp. Oligonucleotide primers, homologous to T-DNA regions from a wide and a narrow host range strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were used to amplify portions of the T-DNA. In most cases the PCR results confirmed pathogenicity tests using detached leaves from Agrobacterium-free muscadine plants and DNA slot blot hybridization (...)

It has been demonstrated that resting coronary vascular resistance is elevated with chronic hypertension and concomitant cardiac hypertrophy. The present study employed a model of 6-week, one-kidney, one wrapped Page hypertension to determine if the ability of the heart to match an increase in oxygen demand with an increase in oxygen supply (coronary blood flow) is impaired, and to determine if these vasoregulatory abnormalities are attributable to inadequate adenosine release. Studies were performed in a pentobarbital anesthetized, open-chest canine preparation using a pericardial infusate method to determine adenosine release. Results showed that dobutamine (a beta-receptor agonist) induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) over a physiological range (8-30 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g-1) that were accompanied by an increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) with no change in oxygen extraction. The relationship between MVO2 and CBF was not different between the normotensive (NTC) and hypertensive (RHT) animals. Pericardial infusate adenosine (PI ADO) concentrations were not different for the same MVO2 and CBF, and the relationships for MVO2 vs PI ADO as well as PI ADO vs CBF were unaltered by hypertension. However, the relationship between PI ADO and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was altered in the RHT group such that a given PI ADO concentration was associated with a significantly higher CVR. These data suggest that, over the range of MVO2 studied, there are no limitations in metabolic regulation of the coronary circulation of RHT animals, and that the higher CVR encountered in the RHT group is not the result of a reduced release of the endogenous vasodilator, adenosine.