Search

Cemento-Enamel junction is an anatomical point where the enamel of the crown surface connects to the cementum of the root. It lies in a region covered with the gingivalsoft tissue, but with the increasing age and due to many pathological conditions this junction may be exposed to the external environment and sometimes mayprovide a path for bacterial infection into the tooth.Aim: To analyze different types of Cemento-Enamel Junctions in thepopulation of Himachal Pradesh.Methodology: 40 extracted teeth were obtained from various regions of Himachal Pradesh. Ground sections of the tooth were made and analyzed for the type of Cemento-Enamel Junction under a Binocular Microscope.Result: Sharp junction was most frequent type of inter-relation between the two hard tissues in our study followed by Gap junction and Overlap type junction. Though we found cementum overlapping enamel in few cases but we could not find any sample in which enamel was overlapped by cementum. Conclusion: Cemento-Enamel Junction presents different morphological patterns so a study of this region is necessary to avoid complications during various dental procedures such as sensitivity after bleaching or cervical caries after placement of crown or clamps.

Background Understanding the anatomy of the facial alveolar bone (FAB), provides a prognostic tool for estimating the degree of dimensional ridge alterations after tooth extraction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the FAB thickness and modifying factors of anterior maxillary teeth measured by CBCT scans. A secondary objective was to assess the facial distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest. Methods An electronic search was made of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to December 2019. Studies that analyze and quantitatively compare FAB thickness at maxillary teeth by CBCT scans were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the ROBINS-I tool and the overall meta-evidence certainty using the GRADE approach. A single means random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain the weighted mean for 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression of covariates and subgroup analysis was conducted. The nullity Qh test and I2 index for heterogeneity was estimated. Results 2560 potentially relevant articles were recorded from which 29 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis, including 17,321 teeth. Seventeen studies considered the facial bone crest, and 12 the CEJ as a reference point for their measurements. Mean FAB thickness was ≤ 1 mm in maxillary incisors and canines (0.75–1.05 mm) and 1–2 mm in premolars. Patients over 50 years of age, females and thin gingival phenotype was associated with thinner FAB at some apico-coronal locations of maxillary incisors and canines. The geographical setting was an effect modifier that could explain up to 87% of the heterogeneity in FAB thickness, being Asian populations that showed the lowest FAB thickness values. The CEJ-bone crest distance was 2–2.5 mm in all teeth analyzed. Population over 50 years of age exhibited greater CEJ-bone crest distances, and males also showed a trend for greater distance. Evidence certainty has shown moderate quality in most analysis subsets. Conclusions Facial alveolar bone at anterior maxillary teeth is thin, heterogeneous in width along its apico-coronal dimensions, and increases in thickness in maxillary premolars. The CEJ-bone crest distance presented homogeneous and similar values in all teeth analyzed.

Studies on counter-electrojet currents (CEJ) using ground data revealed that this current could occur simultaneously among locations that are less than 30° longitude apart. In our work, the symmetricity of CEJ variation between the west and east of Southeast Asia, separated by ~25°, was preliminarily examined according to its types: morning (MCEJ) and afternoon (ACEJ). Since most of the past studies had overlooked the occurrence after dusk, the monitoring period was also extended from 18:00 to 21:00 LT, namely, the post-sunset depletion (PSD). The magnetometer station in Davao, Philippines (DAV) and Langkawi, Malaysia (LKW) were chosen to represent the east and west parts. The EEJ index (i.e., EUEL) over the periods of the solar cycle 24 (2008–2018) was utilized specifically during magnetically quiet days (Kp < 3). As the result, both parts symmetrically showed that MCEJ and ACEJ were positively and negatively correlated with the F10.7 index. Contrarily, MCEJ and ACEJ were asymmetrically prominent in the east and west. CEJ types also varied symmetrically with the season, especially for MCEJ and ACEJ (at high level), prominent during Equinox and J-solstice. Post-sunset depletion (PSD) in both parts was symmetrically solar activity independent, as no correlation with the F10.7 index was observed in the extended observation. PSD that varied symmetrically with season was also solar activity independent, except in the east during Equinox, where it was negatively correlated with the F10.7 index. Our finding also revealed that PSD was prominent during Equinox, except for the high level in the west part.

BackgroundUnderstanding the anatomy of the facial alveolar bone (FAB), provides a prognostic tool for estimating the degree of dimensional ridge alterations after tooth extraction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the FAB thickness and modifying factors of anterior maxillary teeth measured by CBCT scans. A secondary objective was to assess the facial distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest. MethodsAn electronic search was made of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to December 2019. Studies that analyze and quantitatively compare FAB thickness at maxillary teeth by CBCT scans were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the ROBINS-I tool and the overall meta-evidence certainty using the GRADE approach. A single means random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain the weighted mean for 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression of covariates and subgroup analysis was conducted. The nullity Q(h) test and I-2 index for heterogeneity was estimated. Results2560 potentially relevant articles were recorded from which 29 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis, including 17,321 teeth. Seventeen studies considered the facial bone crest, and 12 the CEJ as a reference point for their measurements. Mean FAB thickness was

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the microporosity of the tooth surface structure adjacent to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) after the removal of composite fillings with a drill in comparison with removal by an Er:YAG laser and after cleaning with a periodontal curette, chemical EDTA and NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) conditioning. (2) Methods: The research material consisted of 30 extracted premolars with cervical composite fillings. The teeth were divided into six groups according to the method of tooth preparation: group G1 (n = 5)—a diamond drill, group G2 (n = 5)—a diamond drill + curette, group G3 (n = 5)—a diamond drill + 24% EDTA (PrefGel, Straumann, Switzerland), group G4 (n = 5)—an Er:YAG laser (LightWalker, Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) set with the following parameters: power: 1.65 W (composite removal, CR), 1.2 (tooth conditioning, TC), energy: 110 mJ (CR), 80 mJ (TC), frequency: 15 Hz, pulse duration: 50 μs, tip diameter: 1 mm, air/fluid cooling: 4, distance 1.5 mm, energy density: 14.01 J/cm2 (CR), 10.19 J/cm2 (TC), group G5 (n = 5)—an Er:YAG laser + 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), group G6 (n = 5)—an Er:YAG laser + 5.25% NaOCl. In each tooth, three cavities were made and subjected to analysis. The dentin surface was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (3) Results: Groups G1 and G2 exhibited mechanical damage to the tooth surface structure caused by the rotary motion of a diamond drill. The SEM image showed a smear layer that could only be removed chemically using 24% EDTA gel (group G3). The tooth surfaces prepared with the Er:YAG laser (groups G4–G6) revealed a homogeneous structure without damage along with open dentinal tubules (without smear layer) and visible denaturation of collagen fibers. The sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) conditioning did not increase the visibility of dentinal tubules. (4) Conclusions: Dentin surfaces have open dentinal tubules after removal of the composite filling using the Er:YAG laser and therefore do not require additional NaOCl conditioning.

Tese de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas O presente estudo científico decorreu nas instalações do Centro de Estudos Judiciários (CEJ) e envolveu os alunos/auditores do 30.º Curso de Formação Inicial de Magistrados. O principal objetivo residiu na avaliação à qualidade dos serviços prestados durante o período de formação inicial de um magistrado judicial ou do Ministério Público e se o grau de Satisfação com a prestação de serviços contribui para a Lealdade dos auditores e em que medida essa Lealdade se traduz no seu Envolvimento com a instituição. Este objetivo assentou no Índice Europeu de Satisfação do Cliente – ECSI – cujos modelos estrutural e de medida foram devidamente adaptado à realidade do CEJ. Este instrumento científico de avaliação da satisfação e da perceção de qualidade dos serviços possibilitará à instituição, se assim o entender, definir as áreas de atuação e que se promovam ações que favoreçam a satisfação do futuro magistrado enquanto na fase de aluno/auditor e superem as suas expectativas; se prossiga uma contínua melhoria dos serviços oferecidos numa perspetiva de otimização dos recursos disponíveis e, consequentemente, se aumente os índices de satisfação. Em adição, o CEJ poderá ponderar candidatar-se à certificação enquanto organismo com um sistema de Gestão da Qualidade pela norma NP EN ISO 9001:2008. This scientific study took place at the premises of the Center for Judiciary Studies (CEJ) and involved students/auditors of the 30th Initial Training Course of Magistrates. Its main objective was to evaluate the quality of services provided during the period of the initial formation of a judicial magistrate or Public Prosecutor and if the degree of Satisfaction with the provision of services contributes to the Loyalty of auditors, and to what extent this Loyalty is translated into Involvement with the institution. This objective was based on the European Index of Customer Satisfaction ECSI whose structural and measurement models were duly adapted to the reality of CEJ. This scientific instrument for evaluating the satisfaction and the perception of service quality will enable the institution, if wished, to define areas and promote actions that encourage the satisfaction of future magistrates during the auditor stage and exceed their expectations. This should lead to a continuous improvement of the services offered from the perspective of an optimization of available resources and, consequently, to an increase in the levels of satisfaction. In addition, the CEJ may consider applying for certification as an organization with a Quality Management System by standard NP EN ISO 9001: 2008.

The following study describes the mineralized tissue distribution which composes the cement-enamel junction, in a simple of Chilean people, comparing several teeth surfaces. Cervical area was observed (M-V, D-V, M-L/P, D-L/P sites) from 136 (n=68) longitudinal sections on premolars and incisors, with orthodontic or prosthetic reasons for exodontia, which were analyzed by optical microscope in order to identify the type of cement-enamel junction. For that measurement it was Choquet's criteria, founding four types: 1) cement over enamel, 2) enamel over cement, 3) vis a vis, 4) Gap presence between enamel, cement and exposed dentin. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these. As result, it was observed that there was no association between tooth surface and Choquet's classification; however that association was observed while comparing the type of tooth and the relationship with mineralized tissues at the CEJ. So, incisors were associated with class 1 and premolars with class 3 of Choquet. Class 3 prevalence is the most frequently observed in the sample size (51.9%), following class 1 (42.4%), class 4 (4.4%), and class 2 with the lower prevalence on the sample (1.5%). Because this region is fragile and highly susceptible to pathological changes and from the external environment, it must be carefully handled during clinical procedures such as teeth whitening, orthodontics, restorations, root scaling and clamp placement.

The following study describes the mineralized tissue distribution which composes the cement-enamel junction, in a simple of Chilean people, comparing several teeth surfaces. Cervical area was observed (M-V, D-V, M-L/P, D-L/P sites) from 136 (n=68) longitudinal sections on premolars and incisors, with orthodontic or prosthetic reasons for exodontia, which were analyzed by optical microscope in order to identify the type of cement-enamel junction. For that measurement it was Choquet's criteria, founding four types: 1) cement over enamel, 2) enamel over cement, 3) vis a vis, 4) Gap presence between enamel, cement and exposed dentin. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these. As result, it was observed that there was no association between tooth surface and Choquet's classification; however that association was observed while comparing the type of tooth and the relationship with mineralized tissues at the CEJ. So, incisors were associated with class 1 and premolars with class 3 of Choquet. Class 3 prevalence is the most frequently observed in the sample size (51.9%), following class 1 (42.4%), class 4 (4.4%), and class 2 with the lower prevalence on the sample (1.5%). Because this region is fragile and highly susceptible to pathological changes and from the external environment, it must be carefully handled during clinical procedures such as teeth whitening, orthodontics, restorations, root scaling and clamp placement. Se describe la distribución de los tejidos mineralizados que componen la unión amelocementaria de una muestra de la población chilena, con respecto a distintos dientes y distintas caras de éste. Se observó la región cervical (zona M-V, D-V, M-L/P, D- L/P) de 136 (n=68) secciones longitudinales de premolares e incisivos, con indicación de extracción por razones ortodónticas o protésica, los cuales fueron analizadas mediante lupa estereoscópica para identificar el tipo de relación cemento-esmalte. Fue utilizada para dicha observación los criterios de Choquet; así se observaron cuatro tipos: 1) Cemento sobre esmalte; 2) Esmalte sobre cemento; 3) Bis a bis y 4) Presencia de brecha entre el esmalte y cemento con la dentina expuesta. Se observó que no existía asociación entre caras del diente y la clasificación de Choquet, en cambio sí existió dicha asociación entre el tipo de diente y la relación de los tejidos mineralizados en la UAC. De esta manera, los incisivos se asocian con la clase 1 y los premolares con la clase 3 de Choquet. En cuanto a la prevalencia, la clase 3 era la más frecuente en el total de la muestra (51,9%) seguido de la clase 1 (42,2%), de la clase 4 (4,4%) y la clase 2 fue observada en una pequeña proporción de la muestra (1,5%). Debido a que esta región es frágil y altamente susceptible a cambios patológicos y del medio externo debe ser manejada cuidadosamente durante procedimientos clínicos como el blanqueamiento dental, tratamiento de ortodoncia, restauración, destartraje o colocación de clamps.