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Artistic currents and social protest have long been intertwined. One of the most paradigmatic examples of similarities and proximities between those fields is surrealism. It appeared in the early 1920s as a movement, as it gathered on a collective basis various artists (poets, painters, filmmakers, carvers, photographers, etc.) who shared the same aesthetic principles. Those principles were expressed in manifestos that had been written by a charismatic leader, Andre Breton, whose authoritative methods led to repeated internal challenges, exclusions, and secessions. Like protesters who seek change to the social or political structure, the surrealists sought for a regeneration of the aesthetic norms of their time. Posing as an artistic vanguard, they violently challenged the dominant artistic forms of academism using provocation, scandal, and disruption. But the surrealists did not restrict their criticism to the world of aesthetics; they also set out to challenge the political order by joining the communist movement and by participating in various mobilizations, for example, against colonial wars. Other artistic movements – such as Cobra or Situationism – have adopted the same form of a collective vanguard that intends to challenge both the aesthetic values and the political order. Keywords: civil rights; music; peace

The purpose of the article is to investigate the issues of literary synthesis belonging to different spheres of humanities. Finding your own literary identity is a sign and a constant process. The debate on the new status and new quality of Ukrainian literature is not exhausted and is not over, but is breaking out with renewed vigor. Som e scholars provoke its development, others point to the repetitiveness of arguments, others advocate Ukrainian opportunism and call for an end to all literary disputes, since they distract the writer from the main thing – writing texts. It is proved that the idea of synthesis, its character and role in the science of literature is extremely blurred. Synthesis is explained by the notion of becoming a dynamic, open process, driven by the desire of art to approach the «true life». Synthesis results in organic unity, a complex integrity in which the correlation of part and whole emerges from the intrinsic objectivity of the object, from the «common» basis of the joined forms, which directs search and transformation. The study analyzes the views of literary critics on the consideration of fundamental synthesis studies in contemporary literature on science, which are refl ected in literary and critical practice.

学術論文

The interpretation of poetry is certainly an intellectually demanding, and ultimately fulfilling task, and one of the means by which the scholar can approach the work of a great poet is when he/she encounters the work of a great precursor to which the latter poem is indebted, but one must bear in mind that the latter work, must be one in which there is an authentic voice. In this paper the endeavour is to investigate one such instance: the relationship between Shelley’s ‘To a Skylark’ (1820) and Thomas Hardy’s ‘Shelley’s Skylark’ (1901). The conjecture here is that Hardy’s poem is not one in which the mere influence of an earlier poem is predominant, but evinces an intentional irony. Furthermore, irony is manifested in Hardy’s poem not only in statement but also in form. After an introduction on the reception of Shelley’s poetry both in criticism and among poets, a close reading of both poems, and how they interact, follows., Tumačenje je poezije zadatak koji je, premda iznimno duševno zahtjevan, u konačnici zahvalan, i jedan je od načina kako učenjak može pristupiti djelu velikoga pjesnika kada se susretne s djelom velikoga prethodnika, kojemu je poslije pjesma zadužena. Mora se imati na umu da kasnija pjesma mora biti izričaj autentičnoga glasa. U ovome radu zadatak je istražiti takav slučaj: odnos između Shelleyjeve ,,To a Skylark“ (1820.) i Hardeyeve ,,Shelley's Skylark“ (1901.). Pretpostavka je da u Hardyjevoj pjesmi ne prevladava puki utjecaj prethodnikove pjesme, nego da se u njoj očitava osviještena ironija. Nadalje, u Hardyjevoj pjesmi ironija izlazi na vidjelo ne samo u iskazu nego i u formi. Nakon uvoda u kojemu se prikazuje recepcija Shelleyjeva djela u kritici i među pjesnicima, slijedit će pomnjivo čitanje obiju pjesama i njihove interakcije.

Paskutinę XX SSKP suvažiavimo dieną uždarame posėdyje pirmasis Komunistų partijos sekretorius Nikita Chruščiovas pasakė kalbą, kurioje ne tik kritikavo, bet ir kaltino Staliną dėl įvairių nusikaltimų. SSKP Centro komitetas nutarė N. Chruščiovo kalbos spaudoje neskelbti, tačiau su jos tekstu supažindinti partijos narius, komjaunimo aktyvą bei „tarybinio aparato darbuotojus“. 1956 m. kovą redaguotas kalbos tekstas išsiuntinėtas partinėms organizacijoms. Išplėstas ir galinčių susipažinti su N. Chruščiovo kalba asmenų ratas – pranešimas buvo skaitomas ir aptarinėjamas įvairiuose, neretai atviruose, susirinkimuose. Keliasdešimt N. Chruščiovo pranešimo egzempliorių rusų ir lietuvių kalbomis gavo ir Trakų rajono partijos komitetas. [...]

Complex infrastructure projects often attract criticism regarding their short- and long-term performance. An effective development process requires thinking about both present and future requirements. We employed the lens of real options reasoning to investigate the power of verbal theorizing, without the aid of analytical modeling, to add flexibility in the development process. Drawing on 32 semi-structured interviews with decision-makers involved in health estate projects, we examined if and how informal talks in the development process can lead to futureproof outcomes. Our findings synthesize and conceptualize relevant insights on iterative design thinking, affordability, bounded rationality, and motivational gaps as causal mechanisms for futureproofing talks and thus real options reasoning. The paper contributes to the planning and project studies literature dealing with futureproofing complex infrastructure projects.

In this commentary, I scrutinize Coeckelbergh’s criticism of postphenomenology, and question whether postphenomenology indeed tends to neglect the social dimension of technology use (ontic), and must necessarily be conceived as being in opposition to transcendental philosophy (ontological). Second, I suggest that the Wittgensteinian concepts that Coeckelbergh introduces are interesting additions to the concepts used in postphenomenology, but that his use of the term “transcendental” seems up to now primarily to be a rhetorical means enabling him to distance himself from postphenomenology.

Hicrî II. asır nesilden nesile tevârüs edilen birikimlerin üzerindeki tartışma ve tenkitlerin zirveye ulaştığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde pek çok âlim bir diğerini eleştirmiştir. Şüphesiz ulemanın birbirine muhalefetine bakıldığında bunda, metot ve birikim farklılığının önemli bir etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Hatta bu dönemde hoca-talebe ilişkisine çok önem veren ve hoca merkezli fıkhî faaliyet yürüten Ebû Hanîfe medresesinde dahi görüş ayrılıkları vukû bulmuştur. Meselâ Şeybânî, bazı meselelerde hocasına muhalefet etmiş ve konu hakkında kendi görüşünü ortaya koymuştur. Şeybânî’nin hocasıyla bazı konularda fikir ayrılığına düşmesinde hadisin diğer delillerle birlikte kullanımı noktasındaki birtakım metot farklılıklarının da etkisi vardır. Bu bağlamda Şeybânî’nin hadis sebebiyle hocasına muhalefetinde bazı hususlar ön plana çıkmaktadır. O, haberlerin sıhhatinin tespiti hususunda ehl-i hadise yakın durmuş, haber-i vâhidi kıyâsa öncelemeyi bir ilke olarak benimseyerek zaman zaman hocasının hilafına birtakım tercihlerde bulunmuştur. Bu sebeple o, bazı konularda hadise yaklaşımı dolayısıyla hocasına muhalefet etmiştir. Söz konusu muhalefet Şeybânî’nin el-Muvatta Rivâyeti ve el-Hucce adlı eserlerinde görüldüğü gibi, Hanefî fıkhının temel kaynağı olan el-Asl’da da mevcuttur. Şeybânî temel uğraş alanı olmasa da dönemin önde gelen muhaddislerinden hadis dinlemiş ve geniş bir hadis birikimi elde etmiştir. Bundan dolayı o, el-Asl’da bazı konularda hadisi kıyâs ve istihsân gibi delillere öncelemiştir. Tüm bunlar, hoca ile talebe arasında görüş ayrılığı yaşanmasının mümkün olduğunu ve Şeybânî’nin bazı konularda hocasına muhalefet etmesine rağmen onun usûlünü devam ettirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada el-Asl adlı eseri çerçevesinde hadislere yaklaşımları açısından Şeybâni’nin hocası Ebû Hanîfe’ye muhalefeti incelenmektedir., The second century after Hijra is a period in which the debates and criticisms on the accumulations inherited from generation to generation reach their peak. During this period, many scholars criticized one another. Undoubtedly, when we look at the opposition of the ʿulamāʾ to each other, it is seen that the difference in method and knowledge has an important effect. Even in the Abū Ḥanīfah madrasa, which gave great importance to the teacher-student relationship and carried out fiqh activities centered on the teacher, there were disagreements. For example, Shaybānī opposed his teacher on some issues and expressed his own opinion on the subject. Some methodological differences in the use of ḥadīth together with other evidences also have an effect on the disagreement of Shaybānī with his teacher on some issues. In this context, some issues come to the fore in Shaybānī's opposition to his teacher due to the ḥadīth. He stands close to the people of ḥadīth in terms of determining the authenticity of the khabars, and his approach to prioritizing khabar al-wāḥid to qiyās differs partially from his teacher. For this reason, he opposed his teacher due to his approach to khabars on some issues. The opposition in point is also present in al-Aṣl, the main source of Ḥanafī fiqh, as seen in Shaybānī's works al-Muwaṭṭaʾ and al-Ḥujjah. Although Shaybānī was not a ḥadīth scholar by profession, he listened to ḥadīths from the leading ḥadīth scholars of the period and gained a wide accumulation of ḥadīths. For this reason, he prioritized ḥadīth over proofs such as qiyās and istiḥsān on some issues in al-Aṣl. All these show that it is possible to have a difference of opinion between the teacher and the student, and although Shaybānī opposed his teacher on some issues, he continued his method. In this study, Shaybānī's opposition to his teacher, Abū Ḥanīfah, is examined in terms of his approach to ḥadīths within the framework of al-Aṣl.

The following essay touches on a highly interesting problem for politically sensitive adult education: What are the ‘costs’ of educational advancement? The answer is sought in biographies of three prominent examples: Pierre Bourdieu, Annie Ernaux and Didier Eribon. The data is based on autobiographically oriented reflections of the protagonists – symptomatically not ‘classic’ autobiographies. The concentration on France has to do with the fact that in the French cultural tradition this level of reflection – not least through the works of the selected authors – has gained a particular meaning. The selection itself relates to astonishing differences in the influences of historical times and the relevance of cohort experiences. The result of the analysis is undoubtedly an ‘essayistic dramatisation’, not a hasty generalisation, but it could stimulate scientific discussion and systematic empirical research.

'Die' Diskursanalyse hat sich in den letzten 20 Jahren fest in der Erziehungs- respektive den Sozialwissenschaften, insbesondere im Kontext der qualitativen Sozialforschung etabliert. Die von Beginn an diskutierten Interpretationen des vor allem auf Arbeiten Michel Foucaults rekurrierenden Verfahrens finden sich bis heute und bewegen sich weiterhin zwischen Methodisierungsambitionen und einer ablehnenden Haltung gegenüber diesen. Einerseits zeichnet sich im Sinne einer Entwicklung eine massive Rezeption und Kombination verschiedenster sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden (und Theorien) ab, andererseits ist die Situation von hochgradiger Kontinuität der Positionen geprägt. Der inzwischen genutzte Begriff der Diskursforschung ist Ausdruck dieser Heterogenisierung. Methodologisch zeigt sich ein Konsens weiterhin primär im Dissens, der jedoch erfolgreich 'gemanagt' wird. Over the last 20 years, "discourse analysis" has become firmly established in education and the social sciences, especially in the context of qualitative social research. The interpretations of this method, which is based primarily on the work of Michel Foucault, are still being discussed today and continue to move between methodological ambitions and a rejectionist attitude towards it. On the one hand, a massive reception and combination of the most diverse social science methods (and theories) is emerging in the sense of a development on the other hand, the situation is characterised by a high degree of continuity of positions. The term discourse research, which is now used, is an expression of this heterogenisation. Methodologically, consensus continues to be found primarily in dissent, which is, however, successfully managed.

European Americans are self-enhancing, whereas East Asians are sometimes self-critical. However, the mechanisms underlying this cultural difference remain unclear. Here, we addressed this gap by testing 32 Taiwanese and 32 American young adults, who indicated whether their self-esteem would change in various episodes involving success or failure. We monitored their electroencephalogram (EEG) and assessed upper-alpha band power in response to the outcome information. An increase in upper-alpha power indicates internally directed attention; therefore, it is an index of self-referential processing when assessed during a judgment about the self. As predicted, Americans judged that their self-esteem (but not another's) would increase more after a success than it would decrease after a failure, thereby showing the previously observed self-enhancing pattern. Taiwanese tended to show the opposite pattern, self-criticism. Notably, Americans, but not Taiwanese, showed an increase in upper-alpha band power in response to the self's successes (vs. failures). This bias in the EEG index of self-referential processing predicted the cultural difference in self-enhancement (vs. criticism). The role of self-referential processing in self-enhancement is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The construction industry has received long-standing criticism over its fragmented approach to supply chain management, adversarial relationships and ongoing defects. Platform thinking has been observed in other industries as a phenomenon that offers reinvention from the traditional perspectives on the supply chain. In this study, a literature review of platform thinking is presented. A database search of 656 papers across 15 journals, along with 3 sources from a Google search and 12 sources from a manual review of the reference lists were reviewed in relation to platform thinking in construction. While many variants of platforms exist, the literature review demonstrates a focus on product platforms that has historical precedents. This paper highlights the benefits of platform thinking while linking to the lessons of the past. This also provides a valuable insight for future implications of platform thinking and contributes to the limited literature on platform thinking in the construction industry by linking historical examples with present and potential future investigation.

In this paper I analyze the broadcasting of Portuguese cinema on Portuguese public television from the beginning of regular broadcasting in 1957 to the Revolution of 1974. If, as I believe, television was gradually taking the place of cinema in the regime’s strategy of ideological propaganda, it would be interesting to determine which movies were broadcast by the Portuguese public television during that period and what the reasons were for their selection., Este artigo analisa a emissão de cinema português na televisão pública portuguesa desde o início das suas emissões regulares em 1957 até à Revolução de 1974. Se, como defendo, a televisão foi progressivamente ocupando o lugar do cinema na estratégia de propaganda ideológica do regime, interessa-me apurar quais foram os filmes portugueses emitidos pela televisão pública durante esse período e quais terão sido as razões dessa selecção.

L’affaire France Télécom est un révélateur de la transformation de la société française sous le coup des politiques néolibérales. Si l’événement a déjà bénéficié d’une importante couverture médiatique, des œuvres littéraires s’en sont emparées. L’analyse de deux d’entre elles, Cora dans la spirale de Vincent Message (2019) et Personne ne sort les fusils de Sandra Lucbert (2020), est l’occasion de faire valoir un traitement proprement littéraire du procès à des fins de critique du capitalisme contemporain, notamment à partir d’une réflexion sur les motifs de l’instruction et de la comparution, qui font l’objet de traitements littéraires distincts dans ces deux œuvres. Quand la première œuvre fait valoir la richesse d’une poétique romanesque pluraliste pour appréhender les injustices de notre monde contemporain à travers le grain de singularités multiples, la seconde travaille des techniques de montage afin de décaper le mince vernis rhétorique de la langue néolibérale, sous lequel apparaît la lutte des classes. Aux poétiques distinctes mises en œuvre correspondent des conceptions différentes de ce que peut être une critique sociale par la littérature. The France Télécom trial illustrates a shift of French society influenced by neoliberal policies. Though the event gathered considerable media coverage, some authors also used it as a foundation for literary works. The analysis of two of these works, namely Cora dans la spirale by Vincent Message (2019), and Personne ne sort les fusils by Sandra Lucbert (2020), constitutes an opportunity to put forward their properly literary treatment of the trial as a critique of contemporary capitalism, most notably through the motifs of investigations and court hearings – which are subject to different literary interpretations in each of these works. While the first one puts forward rich and pluralistic poetics in an effort to capture the injustice of contemporary life through the prism of diverse singularities, the second one operates montage techniques to scrape through the thin rhetorical varnish of the language of capitalism and show the class struggles peering through. To each distinct literary device at play corresponds a different view on what literary social critique can be.

Se discute sobre como la promoción de la salud, reducida a una “pequeña política”, vino de la intensa agenda reformista provista por los gobiernos progressistas en Brasil (2003-2016) para ratificar la socialdemocracia como un método de domar el conflicto capital-trabajo. Para esto una exposión argumentativa bajo el método materialista histórico-dialéctico fue hecha en cuatro temas esenciales. El primero, sobre el “acortamiento” de la idea de promoción de la salud. El segundo, sobre la “Nueva Promoción de la Salud” y sus propósitos en nuevo patrón de acumulación capitalista. El terceiro, sobre la hegemonía de la “pequeña política” y el lugar de la promoción de la salud en el período del progresismo brasileño. El cuarto, sobre la socialdemocracia y su manera de domesticar conceptos radicales. Finalmente, se hacen consideraciones sobre los caminos que el debate promocional debe seguir para retomar su radicalidad. Resumo Discute-se como a promoção da saúde, reduzida a uma “pequena política”, surgiu da intensa agenda reformista proporcionada pelos governos progressistas no Brasil (2003-2016) para ratificar a social-democracia como forma de domar o conflito capital-trabalho. Para isso, foi feita uma exposição argumentativa sob o método materialista histórico-dialético sobre quatro temas essenciais. A primeira, sobre o “encurtamento” da ideia de promoção da saúde. A segunda, sobre a “Nova Promoção da Saúde” e seus propósitos em um novo padrão de acumulação capitalista. A terceira, sobre a hegemonia da “pequena política” e o lugar da promoção da saúde no período do progressismo brasileiro. A quarta, sobre a social-democracia e sua maneira de domesticar conceitos radicais. Por fim, são feitas breves considerações sobre os caminhos que o debate promocional deve seguir para retomar sua radicalidade. Absctract It is discussed how health promotion, reduced to a “small policy”, came from the intense reformist agenda provided by progressive governments in Brazil (2003-2016) to ratify social democracy as a method of taming the capital-labor conflict. For this, an argumentative exposition under the historical-dialectical materialist method was made on four essential themes. The first, on the “shortening” of the idea of health promotion. The second, on the “New Health Promotion” and its purposes in a new pattern of capitalist accumulation. The third, on the hegemony of “small politics” and the place of health promotion in the period of Brazilian progressivism. The fourth, on social democracy and its way of domesticating radical concepts. Finally, brief considerations are made on the paths that the promotional debate must follow to reactive its radical nature.

Resumen Como es sabido, las novelas de Clarín no siempre formaron parte del canon de las grandes obras del siglo XIX. Este trabajo pretende, por una parte, establecer las causas por las que dicho autor permaneció alejado del grupo de los grandes novelistas del siglo XIX durante tantos años. Por otra, se plantea ofrecer algunas notas para un panorama diacrónico que abarque la crítica clariniana desde 1901 hasta 1984, y reflejar así quiénes fueron los primeros investigadores que se interesaron por dichas novelas, cuáles fueron sus intereses y las claves sobre las que sustentaron su valoración. Esta puesta en valor de las novelas clarinianas conllevó varias décadas del siglo XX, en las que fue fundamental un acercamiento a los elementos intratextuales de su obra que dejara atrás la visión de Clarín como un simple eslabón que abría paso hacia las obras de grandes autores como Galdós o a los de la generación del 98. Abstract As we know, Clarín's novels were not always part of the canon of the 19th century's great works. On the one hand, this work aims to establish the reason why this author remained excluded from the group of the great novelists of the nineteenth century for so many years. On the other, it offers some notes for a diachronic panorama that covers Clarinian criticism from 1901 to 1984, in order to reflect who were the first researchers who were interested in these novels, what were their interests and what was the basis on which they sustained his valuation. This enhancement of Clarín's novels took several decades of the twentieth century, when an approach to the intratextual elements of his work was fundamental, leaving behind the vision of Clarín as a simple link that opened the way to the works of great author such as Galdós or those of the generation of 98.

This paper discusses the dialectical thoughts of Ibn Rushd and theologians on divine metaphysics. The discussion is based on the study of criticisms and dialogues on the theologians’ view on metaphysics. Three important points emerge: firstly, how Ibn Rushd presented the basis of his critical arguments; secondly, the process of Ibn Rushd’s methods of criticism on the theologians’ metaphysical reasons and lastly, the content of Ibn Rushd’s criticisms of the theologians’ metaphysical reason. This paper provides a detailed description of the themes as accurate and comprehensive ways to provide a basis of Ibn Rushd’s criticism. Contribution: This study contributes to encouraging and changing the views of scholars of Islamic theology that Ibn Rushd, apart from being a philosopher, is also a critical thinker in the field of Islamic theology .

Dans le champ des théories de la lecture, les modèles constructivistes posent qu’il n’y a pas de lecture objective : chacun lit à travers ses propres références, qui vont orienter de façon décisive la compréhension du texte lu. Mais ce qui est légitime pour la lecture (acte personnel à la subjectivité assumée) l’est-il pour la critique (pratique professionnelle qui se doit de maintenir un minimum de recul) ? On tentera de répondre à cette question à partir du cas de Soumission de M. Houellebecq. In the field of reading theories, constructivist models state that there is no such thing as objective reading: each person reads through his or her own references, which will decisively orient the understanding of the text. But is what is legitimate for reading (a personal act with an assumed subjectivity) legitimate for criticism (a professional practice which must maintain a minimum of distance)? We will attempt to answer this question using the case of M. Houellebecq's Submission.

The aim of this text is to present Kantian criticism. For this purpose, the academic style, based on an excessive and sterile citation, has been avoided at all times in order to adopt a more essayistic tone. The result may be helpful not only to those who are already interested in Kantian philosophy but also to any layperson willing to make an effort to understand key concepts. The work is composed of two sections. While the first is contextual, the second contains most of the content., El objeto del presente texto es presentar el criticismo kantiano. Para ello, se ha rehuido el todo momento el estilo académico, basado en una citación excesiva y estéril, para adoptar un tono más ensayístico. El resultado puede resultar útil no sólo a quienes ya estén interesados en la filosofía kantiana, sino a toda persona lega en la materia dispuesta a realizar un esfuerzo en la comprensión de conceptos clave. El trabajo está constituido por dos apartados. Mientras que el primero es contextual, el segundo contiene el grueso del contenido.

This essay goes through Frederick 2015 (the critique) in some detail, responding to the various paraphrases and criticisms therein. It is argued that in each case the critique is mistaken about what Lester 2012 (Escape from Leviathan: EfL) says, or about what the critique presents as a sound criticism, or both. Introduction: the three problems with the critique and the philosophical problem that EfL is attempting to solve. “Abstract”: the critique’s confusion about EfL’s aprioristic theory of instrumental rationality. There are then detailed replies (too many and too diverse to summarise) to quotations from the critique’s confused interpretations and criticisms under the following headings (quoted from the critique): “2. Instrumental Rationality”; 3. Weakness of Will”; “4. Desires and Values”; “5. Free Will”; “6. Self-Interest”; “7. Maximisation”; “8. Morals”. Finally, in “9. Conclusion”, the philosophical problem for economics is briefly restated. The philosophical interpretation of homo economicus in EfL (as with its overall philosophical theory of libertarianism) has yet to be given adequate critical consideration.

In pragmalinguistic research the phenomenon of mitigation has been studied both as a specific and a global object of analysis. In general, there seems to be a certain consensus concerning the fact as to which linguistic expressions count as mitigating devices and which do not. Nevertheless, up till now no attempt has been undertaken to establish a formal framework within which the linguistic properties of these expressions can be consistently described. It is the aim of the present paper to partially bridge this gap by focusing on a set of deictic categories that should be integrated into such a framework. In an insightful paper, Fraser (1980) specifies the concept of mitigation in terms of the intention of the speaker to reduce unwelcome effects of his/her performing a certain kind of speech act. The perlocutionary aims the speaker wishes to achieve involve, among others, making it more acceptable for the hearer to face bad news, to react cooperatively to a criticism and to accept the authority of the speaker in case the latter issues a command. We may say, therefore, that mitigation is a special form of politeness, or, to put it in Fraser's words

This study aims to investigate the rhetorical genre components and the pragmatic evaluation options used to articulate the communicative function of ArBR genre, and find out how these generic and evaluation options contrast with those reported in other languages and cultures. To this end, a corpus of 50 book reviews written by 50 Arab reviewers was collected and analyzed within the rhetorical components developed and applied by Motta-Roth (1998) to English book reviews. The present study drew on Hyland (2000), Gea Valor (2000–2001), Moreno and Suárez (2008a) and Alcaraz-Ariza (2010) in order to examine how the qualities of ArBRs are evaluated and in which terms (i.e., criticism or praise). The results indicated that the Arab reviewers employed additional sub-moves that have not been used by other researchers. Unlike English book reviewers, Arab reviewers try to avoid criticism. Instead, they usually devote most of their book reviews to describe and summarize uncritically although critical appraisal is supposed to be the backbone of this genre. These purposive generic component preferences and evaluation tendencies can be explained with reference to the goal of the academic community and the writing culture that constrain Arab reviewers' academic behavior. I hope that the results of this study will provide graduate students and novice researchers with further awareness of the acceptable generic strategies, the linguistic choices and pragmatic evaluative options that can be used to write an evaluation of a piece of research.

Islamic marriage law that grows and develops in the social space describing the multiple possibilities to be interpreted through history. Issues around issues of justice, equality became the main centrum discussed with different approaches. Thesis William Montgomery Watt states that the trade of Mecca is an important factor for the emergence of Islam. Socioeconomic standpoint this has enriched the interpretation of the history of the emergence of Islam as a debatable academically. Although theses Watt also received sharp criticism from Patricia Crone, but both are at the same point the assumption that Mecca declared as an important trading town in the 7th century AD. Keywords ; Mecca, the financier, the Islamic marriage law.

El concepto de «zona», acuñado por el escritor argentino Juan José Saer en su primera publicación de 1960, define un lugar de enunciación y también un registro formal en tensión con las escrituras del contemporáneo boom –en particular con la de Julio Cortázar con quien coincidió en París por un lapso de dieciséis años–. Este trabajo se centra en la obra de Saer y en poéticas emparentadas que, como la de Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino o Francisco Bitar, fueron ganando cuerpo en los últimos años. Se examinan estas escrituras a la luz de algunos planteos de Saer relativos a la «zona» para contrastarlas críticamente con proyectos narrativos y postulados teóricos que han dominado los debates sobre la literatura latinoamericana del siglo XXI en el Norte global. Le concept de « zone » forgé par l’écrivain argentin Juan José Saer dans sa première publication de 1960, définit un lieu d’énonciation et également un registre formel en tension avec les écritures du boom contemporain, en particulier avec celle de Julio Cortázar qu’il a côtoyé à Paris pendant seize ans. Ce travail est centré sur l’œuvre de Saer et sur des poétiques qui s’en approchent comme celle de Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino o Francisco Bitar qui ont pris de l’importance ces dernières années. Ces écritures seront examinées à la lumière de propositions de Saer relatives à la « zone » pour les confronter sur le plan critique avec d’autres projets narratifs et postulats théoriques qui ont dominé les débats sur la littérature latino-américaine du XXIe siècle dans le Nord globalisé. The concept of «zone», coined by the Argentine writer Juan José Saer in his first publication from 1960, defines a place of enunciation as well as a formal register in tension with the writings of the contemporary Boom—in particular with that of Julio Cortázar, with whom he coincided in Paris for a period of sixteen years. This paper focuses on Saer’s work and on related poetics, such as those of Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino, and Francisco Bitar, which have been gaining ground in recent years. These writings are examined in the light of some of Saer’s statements on the «zone» in order to critically contrast them with narrative projects and theoretical postulates that have dominated the debates on the 21st-century Latin American literature in the global North.

Stylistics has long claimed to be an empirical method of literary analysis. One aspect of this empiricism is stylistics’ commitment to studying the effect of texts on readers. Short (1996, p. 6) emphasises the reader-centred nature of stylistics, stating that researchers in the fi eld are ‘profoundly interested in the rules and procedures which we, as readers, intuitively know and apply in order to understand what we read’. In reality, however, stylisticians have tended to focus more on textual analysis than on the reader (Hall 2009, p. 331; see also Allington and Swann 2009), and generally the ‘reader’ has remained a theoretical construct, similar to the ideal reader in much literary reader-response criticism (see Culler 2002, Iser 1978, Fish 1980). However, there is a growing body of research within stylistics that is centrally interested in considering how readers fi nd meaning in literary texts and testing whether the assumptions and frameworks of stylistic analysis are supported by evidence from real readers.

Earlier studies investigating reality fashion television revealed that while participants and audiences are aware of mechanisms of surveillance and shame; scholarship also documented that critical distance from the program’s methods are not necessarily ideologically liberating for participants or audience. Indeed, as I argue and document in this current study, participants in reality fashion television shows remain caught in a pernicious power dynamic that is part and parcel of these shows. Specifically, by exploring examples from three popular fashion reality television programs—America’s Next Top Model, Project Runway, and Fashion Police—and by considering theories of fashion, gender, and power, I question the problematic ways in which popular media talk about fashion and clothing choices. Further, by drawing on Michel Foucault’s concepts of disciplinary power, I critically examine the judgments and assumptions that fashion critics impose on participants whose sartorial appearance they may find wanting. More generally, my study investigates the limitations of the widely accepted belief that fashion is a form of self- expression while I end with some more positive examples of fashion advocacy.

Critical Study. Gottfried Gabriel: Kant. Eine kürze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk. Paderborn. Brill/ Schöningh, 2022.

In modern linguistics conceptual investigations aimed at studying such fundamental problems as the ways of conceptual organization of knowledge, have become increasingly relevant at present. The central term in the study of a linguistic picture of the world, which has recently become a frequent subject of interest for linguists, is concept. There are different classifications of concepts in modern linguistics. Linguists distinguish parametric and non-parametric concepts. The first group includes the classification categories for comparing the actual characteristics of different objects (space, time, quantity, quality, etc.). The second group constitutes concepts with the factual content. One of the most important goals of concept research is to compare individual fragments of worldviews in different languages, since concepts (both cultural and logical) form in particular the conceptual worldview.The basic concepts of German culture are, first of all, “ORDER”, “SAFETY”, “PUNCTUALITY”, “PERFECTION” and others. The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic and linguocultural approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “DISSATISFACTION” in modern German. The Germans' desire for order and security causes a critical attitude towards their privacy and society in general. Criticism is associated with the expression of negative evaluation, dissatisfaction, feelings of unhappiness. In the German language the concept of “DISSATISFACTION” can be defined as follows: an expression of negative opinion of various phenomena when something happens that is different from what someone expected, and in whose opinion some norms, rules and regulations do not match and require correction. The concept of “DISSATISFACTION” and various aspects of its discursive implementation have not beenthoroughly investigated so far. Therefore the theme of the research is urgent and is caused by the problem of understanding of linguistic units as structures of knowledge representation. Based on the combination of concepts, it can be concluded that mental reality models are depicted eitherin the language in general or in speakers’ knowledge of the language., Концептуальні дослідження в сучасній лінгвістичній науці набувають сьогодні великої актуальності. Вони спрямовані на вивчення таких фундаментальних проблем, як способи концептуальної організації знань у мові. Центральним терміном у вивченні мовної картини світу, який останнім часом дуже часто стає предметом зацікавленості лінгвістів, є концепт. Основоположними концептами німецької культури передусім вважаються “ПОРЯДОК”, “БЕЗПЕКА”, “ПУНКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ“, “ПЕРФЕКЦИОНІЗМ” та інші. Статтю присвячено аналізу мовознавчих та лінгвокультурологічних підходів до тлумачення концепту “НЕВДОВОЛЕННЯ” в сучасній німецькій мові. Прагнення німців до порядку та безпекиспричиняє критичне ставлення до їхнього приватного життя та суспільства взагалі. Критика пов’язана з висловленням негативної оцінки, невдоволення, почуття нещастя.

Study, Not Critiqueconsiders the fine line between self-determined knowledge production and a commodified form of critique. The book examines three journals from the 1970s, 1990s and 2010s, each of which stands for a different political and aesthetic agenda:The Fox(New York, 1975-1976),A.N.Y.P.(Munich and Berlin, 1989-1999) ande-flux journal(New York, 2008-present). In distinct ways, each publishing project blurs the border separating artistic production and discursive production while simultaneously attending to new forms of discipline and commodification arising in the process. Lucie Kolb demonstrates the connection between common intellectual activity in the art field, which takes place in this field but is not of it, and work on the conditions of production.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é comentar a conferência “Cinema Brasileiro e Realidade Social”, escrita no início dos anos 1960 por Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes. Mais especificamente, trata-se de identificar as tensões que atravessam a obra do crítico paulista num período marcado pela emergência de uma nova produção cinematográfica e pelas discussões em torno do desenvolvimento econômico do país. De maneira significativa, a conferência se apropria da obra Formação da literatura brasileira, de Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza, de modo a apresentar de uma maneira particular uma “tomada de consciência” acerca do cinema brasileiro, de sua situação e de suas possibilidades. ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to comment on the conference “Brazilian Cinema and Social Reality,” written in the early 1960s by Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes. More specifically, it seeks to identify the tensions that pervade the work of the film critic from São Paulo in a period marked by the emergence of a new type of cinema production and by discussions on the country’s economic development. Significantly, the conference borrows from Formação da literatura brasileira, by Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza, presenting a particular kind of “new awareness” about Brazilian cinema, its situation and possibilities.

Contrairement à ce que le titre pourrait laisser supposer, cet ouvrage ne reprend pas la question fort discutée de la perception des conquêtes islamiques par leurs contemporains et des discours qu’ils élaborèrent pour les penser et y répondre. Il semble plutôt évoquer la manière dont les sociétés tardo-antiques, dans leur ensemble, réagirent progressivement au stimulus que constituèrent ces événements, conduisant à l’émergence d’un monde nouveau. Quoiqu’il en soit du titre, l’objectif général...

Contemporary methodological debates—critique vs. postcritique, paranoid vs. reparative reading, deep vs. surface reading, distant vs. close reading, interpretation vs. description—emphasize either a text’s structural preoccupations and ideological underpinnings or how critics relate to and engage their objects of study. Rarely, however, do these conversations address these debates’ interpersonal stakes or ask how novelists contribute to them. “Postcritical Relations” turns to art novels by Rachel Cusk, Siri Hustvedt, Zadie Smith, and Virginia Woolf and attends specifically to their accounts of characters’ interactions with various types of art: writing, installation exhibits, academic criticism, and painting. My wager is that these art novels, most especially their descriptions of characters’ aesthetic experiences, contribute to ongoing discussions on literary methodology by bringing to the fore its interpersonal implications.

Politisches Denken und Handeln setzt immer schon ein Bild vom Menschen voraus und doch bleibt der Mensch als politisches Argument häufig im Dunkeln. Frauke Höntzsch skizziert eine politikwissenschaftliche Anthropologie, deren Ziel es ist, die Struktur und den Status anthropologischer Argumente im politischen Denken offenzulegen, um sie so der Kritik zugänglich zu machen. Die Systematisierung anthropologischer Argumente im politischen Denken zeigt dabei nicht nur die Anthropologiekritik als anthropologische Argumentation, sondern generiert mit den untereinander konkurrierenden paradigmatischen Vorstellungen des Menschen zugleich ein politikwissenschaftliches Analyseinstrument.

Mobile instant messaging services have become a standard tool for political actors in communicating with citizens, especially during electoral campaigns. Telegram predominates in this context of disintermediated communication with the electorate. This platform enables parties to issue electoral information while taking advantage of this private space to criticize their adversaries. They do it with messages linked to negative emotions that generate a deeper impact on the audience, although they imply risks such as political polarization. This research analyzes the use of criticism to the adversary by political parties on Telegram during the electoral campaign. For this purpose, a descriptive study with an exploratory purpose was chosen, and a quantitative content analysis was carried out on 710 messages published on Telegram by the main political parties that stood for the elections to the Community of Madrid held in 2021. These parties are the PP, Ciudadanos, Podemos, Más Madrid, and Vox. The PSOE has been excluded as they did not make any publication during the analyzed period. The results show that criticizing the adversary is an emerging communication strategy in political parties on Telegram. Unlike other social media such as Facebook, the attacks on rivals are used on this platform mainly by the parties in the government, who focus their criticism on the president of the Spanish state. The attacks are mainly directed at the professional trajectory of their rivals and question the credibility of any action carried out by them.

Resumo O pertencimento de uma obra ou autor à literatura mundial não resulta, necessariamente, da qualidade da escrita literária. Significa, na verdade, o ponto máximo de uma trajetória envolvendo múltiplos agentes, que permitem a difusão e o reconhecimento de obras não apenas nos países considerados centrais para a consagração literária, mas em todo o globo, já que a literatura mundial só adquire essa designação quando é conhecida em diferentes campos nacionais que integram o espaço literário internacional. Este artigo busca retraçar a repercussão internacional de Jules Verne, autor exponencial na literatura mundial, por meio da análise do exercício de dois editores: Pierre-Jules Hetzel, responsável pelas edições de Verne na França, e Baptiste-Louis Garnier, mediador das traduções de Verne no Brasil. Para isso, investigarei as estratégias de Hetzel, que favoreceram o sucesso mundial dos romances de Verne, e as ações de Garnier, que viabilizaram a propagação das traduções desse autor em um espaço nacional. Verificarei, ainda, alguns elementos da recepção crítica de Verne na França e no Brasil, com o fim de identificar o status que esse escritor adquiriu nesses países a partir da iniciativa dos dois editores. Résumé L’appartenance d’une œuvre ou d’un écrivain à la littérature mondiale ne résulte pas forcément de leurs qualités littéraires. En effet, cela est l’aboutissement d’une carrière impliquant de différents médiateurs, responsables de la diffusion et la reconnaissance des œuvres aussi bien dans les pays incontournables de la consécration littéraire que dans le reste du monde, car la littérature mondiale n’acquiert cette appellation que lorsqu’elle est connue dans de différents espaces nationaux qui forment l’espace littéraire mondial. Cet article se propose d’étudier la répercussion internationale de l’œuvre de Jules Verne, écrivain emblématique de la littérature mondiale, par le biais de l’analyse de l’action de deux médiateurs, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, éditeur de Verne en France, et Baptiste-Louis Garnier, libraire et éditeur des traductions de Verne au Brésil. Pour ce faire, nous passerons en revue les stratégies adoptées par Hetzel pour favoriser la réussite mondiale des romans de Verne et les procédés mis en place par Garnier pour diffuser les traductions de Verne dans l’espace national brésilien. Il s’agira en outre de faire ressortir certains éléments concernant la réception critique de Verne en France et au Brésil, afin d’identifier quel statut fut attribué à l’auteur dans ces pays suite aux actions menées par les deux éditeurs. Abstract Belonging to the club of world literature is not necessarily the result of the quality of a work’s or author’s literary writing. What it really denotes is the high point of a trajectory involving multiple agents who enable a work to gain popularity and recognition not just in countries considered to be central for literary consecration, but around the world, too, since world literature can only acquire that designation when it is known in different national fields that make up the international literary space. This article aims to follow the international impact of Jules Verne, a major author in world literature, by analyzing the work of two editors: Pierre-Jules Hetzel, in charge of Verne’s publications in France, and Baptiste-Louis Garnier, the agent behind Verne’s translations in Brazil. I will thus consider Hetzel’s strategies, which made Verne’s novels international successes, and Garnier’s actions, which made it possible for Verne’s work in translation to spread in Brazil. I will also confirm aspects of Verne’s critical reception in France and Brazil in order to identify the status the author acquired in these countries as a result of the initiative of these publishers.

The Tale of the Hollow Tree has few scenes where laughter shows an aggressive face as in the episode of the character Fujiwara no Suefusa. This student, who entered Kangaku-in University after the death of his parents, soon becomes the victim of daily mockery because of his poverty. This article aims to reflect on the role that laughter plays in the development of the narrative discourse of The Tale of the Hollow Tree. The analysis of the occurrences of laughter in the episode of Fujiwara no Suefusa reveals that laughter is only aggressive. It becomes the expression of a symbolic violence that reinforces the intensity of the abuse and generates suffering. Far from winning the reader’s support, laughter can be seen as a strategic tool that leads him to feel compassion for the injustice suffered by the hero. This character who is distinguished by his admirable dedication in studies until being called a “true student” finds himself unable to evolve socially. Laughter then takes on an additional dimension by accompanying a critical discourse that aims to satirically depict the abuses of the institution through the persecutions of the hero. The real targets of laughter in this story, wouldn’t it be the laughers?

[EN] L' Architecture Vivante was a French magazine that pioneered in disseminating the productions of the architectural avant-gardes of the early twentieth century. Today with the passage of time, it has become a relevant historical and cultural document. Its editorial expression is the outcome of different semantic variables that came together, although not without conflict. These include the meanings emanating from the editorial decisions made by Jean Badovici, the implicitness in the semantic frameworks that were characteristic of Ediciones Morancé s editorial design, and the contributions of the published oeuvres. Following the methodology used in cultural studies, we will examine these variables as part of a broad cultural context and interpret them from a standpoint of controversy with the reorganization of mass production processes and the integration of marketing in design, aimed at adapting cultural productions to a consumption situation. The analysis will show that, although L Architecture Vivante aligns itself to some extent with the discursive constructs and editorial encodings that sought to determine and contain the meaning of those searches, it also challenges them, in a way that it still preserves a critical value today., [ES] L' Architecture Vivante fue una revista francesa que divulgó tempranamente la producción de las vanguardias arquitectónicas de comienzos del siglo XX, convertida hoy en un relevante documento histórico-cultural. En su expresión editorial convergen, no sin conflicto, distintas variables semánticas: los significados que emanan de las decisiones editoriales de Jean Badovici, los implícitos en los marcos semánticos característicos del diseño editorial de Ediciones Morancé y los aportados por las obras publicadas. Siguiendo la metodología de los estudios culturales, situaremos estas variables en un contexto cultural amplio, leyéndolas en polémica con las políticas de reorganización de los procesos productivos en masa y la integración del marketing en el diseño para adaptar las producciones culturales a una situación de consumo. Se mostrará que, si bien L' Architecture Vivante se alinea en cierta medida con los constructos discursivos y codificaciones editoriales que trataron de fijar y contener el significado de aquellas búsquedas, también los desafía, conservando aún hoy una valencia crítica.

論文, 本論文では、ガヤトリ・C・スピヴァクの『サバルタンは語ることができるか』を、共生学という立場から読み直すための論点の一部を整理する。難解であることで知られる同書に対し、テクストに内在する問題と、その受容に伴う問題という二つの方向からアプローチする。まず、テクストにおける問題として、スピヴァクによるフーコー・ドゥルーズ批判をとりあげ、立場の違いが議論の対象の違いへと繋がっていること、哲学的な議論そのものとその受容のプロセスとは切り分けられるべきであることを指摘する。次いで、受容に伴う問題としてrepresentation の翻訳と表記に焦点を当てる。同書の読み直しにより、批判を受け止めることで思想的立場の違いが相補性となり得ること、研究者が自らの代表性（vertretung）を自覚した上で、表現（darstellung）することの重要性をはじめ、共生を論じるための様々な示唆が得られることを示す。, In this paper, we will discuss a few arguments for re-reading Gayatri C. Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?” from the standpoint of Kyosei studies (Critical Studies in Coexistence, Symbiosis, and Conviviality). First, we will discuss the relationship between the author’s position and the subject of research and point out that we should discuss the philosophical argument itself separately from the process of its reception. Next, we will focus on the translation and notation of “representation,” as this poses a problem with the paper’s reception.Through these discussions, we suggest that differences in ideological positions can become complementary by accepting criticism. We also show the importance of expression (darstellung) by researchers who are aware of their own representativeness (vertretung).

Throughout this paper, our main idea is to analyze from a theoretical and normative point of view different methods to aggregate individual rankings. To do so, first we introduce the concept of a general mean on an abstract set. This new concept conciliates the social choice where well-known impossibility results as the Arrovian ones are encountered and the decision-making approaches where the necessity of fusing rankings is unavoidable. Moreover it gives rise to a reasonable definition of the concept of a ranking fusion function that does indeed satisfy the axioms of a general mean. Then we will introduce some methods to build ranking fusion functions, paying a special attention to the use of score functions, and pointing out the equivalence between ranking and scoring. To conclude, we prove that any ranking fusion function introduces a partial order on rankings implemented on a finite set of alternatives. Therefore, this allows us to compare rankings and different methods of aggregation, so that in practice one should look for the maximal elements with respect to such orders defined on rankings IEEE. This work is partially supported by the research projects ECO2015-65031-R, MTM2015-63608-P (MINECO/ AEI-FEDER, UE), TIN2016-77356-P (MINECO/ AEI-FEDER, UE), PID2019-108392GB-I00 (AEI/10.13039/501100011033), and Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq (Proc. 307781/2016-0).

本稿の目的は第3学年における批評入門単元の開発研究である。まず、批評の概念を検討し、令和3年度の改定教科書における各社の「批評」単元を考察した。指導者に求められるのは、「題材」とモデル文の発掘および中学生が批評に興味を覚えるような社会的必然性の文脈づくりであるとの認識にもとづき、プロの絵画批評をモデル文に用いた批評入門単元を構想した。教材性の検討の具体と授業の実際を報告し、最後に、プロの絵画批評をモデル文に用いておこなった学習指導を、学習者反応をもとにふりかえり、実践の成果と課題を述べる。, This study aims to develop of introduction unit for criticism in Junior High School Japanese Language Arts. The purpose of criticism is to tell the others the value of our findings. Therefore, a lesson for criticism requires the subject, the context, and the model. To simulate such situation, we arranged the subject and brought a certain prompt. We evaluated for using Art Criticism on Nikkei Column written by Nagahiro Kinoshita, who appreciates Vincent van Gogh's works in his way, as teaching materials for this program. Then we examined how students learn to be interested in criticism during the lessons which were designed for students to engage with criticism.

Krashen’s Monitor Model has been arousing considerable debates for many years and learningacquisition distinction described by the author has become the subject of criticism from both researchers and teachers. But the controversy which is revealed in the Monitor Model and in the follow up literature is not resolved yet. Moreover, scholars and language teachers provide ample justification to foster this hot discussion. We have carried out literature study, introspective and retrospective analysis to examine our own experience as a teacher and as a language learner, and have studied cases described by many other language teachers in a number of teachers’ forums from 15 professional network groups. It is shown that individual learner differences are the key factor which should be taken into consideration when describing the process of second or foreign language mastering. Language learning and language acquisition should not be opposed to each other as they present different means of developing language skills used by different learners. As a result, some learners demonstrate process of language learning characterised by careful grammar rule studying and benefit from error correction, while others develop language skill through subconscious acquisition. Thus, we state that learners fall into two types: language learners and language acquirers whose individual differences predetermine the way learners study the language. The type of a leaner defines the peculiarity of language skill development.

The article highlights the development of hermeneutical strategies for the analysis and refutation of rationalist “negative” biblical criticism, represented by the works of leading theologians - professors of the Kiev Theological Academy of the late XIX - early XX centuries. In the conditions of secularization, the decline of church authority, the spread of political radicalism, the need for apologetic understanding of the biblical heritage increased. A systematic analysis of the signs, approaches and methods of rationalism in biblical studies has been heuristicly valuable, in particular: criticism of panlogism, abstract schematics, empirically groundless extrapolations and generalizations. At the same time, Kyiv Biblical scholars criticized the insolvent apologetic techniques: the literalistic view of the inspiration, the absolute authority of the tradition, the excessive spiritualization in the perception of the biblical prophecy. Their main goal was to prove the authenticity and authenticity of the content of biblical books and the very biblical hystory. The methodological impulse for the biblical apologetics was the intensification of supranaturalism, providentialism, and soteriology in the reading and interpretation of the Bible - just as the Holy Scriptures of the Church. The apologetic motive was to determine both scientific bibliological studies, and school teaching and study of the Bible, and private and public Biblical reading for religious and moral instruction.

Advertising is often criticized for presenting only partial or selective information about products. This criticism is particularly pronounced for health products, where large asymmetries in information may exist between consumers and firms. This paper explores how government restrictions designed to prevent selective advertising affect the types of information to which consumers are exposed. We exploit a natural experiment in the form of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) crackdown that prevented pharmaceutical companies from using selectively chosen information in their Internet search ads. Because companies could not adequately document side effects within the advertising space allowed, they removed their ads. Our results suggest that, after the ads were removed, consumers were more likely to seek information from websites based on user-generated content or websites that focused on medical treatments not regulated by the FDA, such as Canadian pharmacies and sites promoting herbal remedies. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.

This research aimed to investigate whether presenting the same content in a different order in a single two-sided review can elicit different attitudes toward the review and impact consumers’ purchase intention. Specifically, we argued that when sequencing information with different valences in a single two-sided review, the negative-positive sequence generates more favorable attitudes than the positive-negative sequence. On the basis of the elaboration likelihood model, primacy-recency effect, and attribution explanation, we hypothesized that negative evaluation induces higher perceived credibility of an information source, which in turn elicits more favorable attitudes and higher willingness to buy. Via two experiments and a sentiment analysis, this research examined the theoretical mechanism, and the results support our hypotheses. Moreover, we found that the presence of pictures in a two-sided online review reduces the effects. These findings provide an insight into the effect of sequence of information with different valences and implications for marketing strategy.

In response to van Holten and Walton’s critique (van Holten & Walton, 2020, 2022) of John Swinton’s theological approach to time and disability (Swinton, 2016, 2020), John Swinton is joined by the theological ethicist Professor Brian Brock. Swinton and Brock argue that while van Holten and Walton claim to be attempting to open up a dialogue, this is debatable. Dialogue is necessary for conversations such as these, but the thrust of their work has been focused on criticism and argument, without any constructive proposals for theory or practice. This might be acceptable if we were simply discussing concepts and ideas. It is less convincing when we are dealing with real people. As per their previous work, van Holten and Walton constantly attempt to push their ideas into practice without actually taking experience into consideration, which leads to significant contradictions and problems. In this article, we explore van Holten and Walton’s approach to theology and doing theology – what theology is, who should be allowed to participate in its formation and what approaches are considered appropriate, and, importantly, who makes that decision. We examine some of the significant problems with their position when it comes to examining complex real-world issues such as the experience of dementia and disability. The current article engages with the various criticisms and concerns that are put forward, and highlights some of our concerns and worries about the flaws in their approach and their lack of awareness of or attention to its implications for practice. Despite the fact that we are far apart on many issues, the article concludes that there may actually be a way forward if the desire for dialogue is taken seriously. The article ends with a constructive proposition that has the potential to positively ground and encourage future conversations between practical and philosophical theology.

Im Zuge des weltweiten Anwachsens antirassistischer Bewegungen erfahren Konzepte wie das der Intersektionalität und der Identitätspolitik Konjunktur. Die ursprünglich von Aktivistinnen entwickelten Theorien haben Einzug in wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen gefunden und werden gleichzeitig im populärwissenschaftlichen Diskurs breit rezipiert. An dieser Stelle möchte der vorliegende Artikel ansetzen und der Frage nachgehen, inwiefern die populärwissenschaftliche Rezeption des Konzeptes der Intersektionalität gesellschaftlicher Machtbeziehungen den ursprünglichen Ansprüchen dessen gerecht wird. Dies ist vor allem deshalb von Relevanz, weil der populärwissenschaftliche Diskurs als Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaft und Aktivismus gesehen werden kann und damit eine nicht zu unterschätzende politische Schlagkraft besitzt. Im beispielhaften Abgleich des aktivistischen Sammelbandes „Eure Heimat ist unser Alptraum“ mit „A Black Feminist Statement“ des Combahee River Collectives, kann festgestellt werden, dass die dort entwickelte Theorie weitestgehend unterkomplex rezipiert wird. Damit läuft diese zeitgenössische Adaption des Intersektionalitätskonzeptes Gefahr, ihrem selbstgesetzten Anspruch komplexe gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse zu dechiffrieren, nicht gerecht zu werden bzw. diese sogar zu reproduzieren.

En este trabajo proponemos mostrar que las múltiples experiencias de opresión -como efecto de las imbricaciones simultáneas entre instancias de diferenciación social y relaciones de poder- tienen como reverso experiencias de lucha, organización y resistencia colectiva como formas de participación política. Para el abordaje de las desigualdades entrecruzadas y diversas formas de violencia proponemos un enfoque interseccional por su carácter multidimensional y complejo, así como por sus raíces de lucha. Para ello, en primera instancia, trazaremos genealogías políticas que permitan historizar la interseccionalidad y anudarla a sus luchas y demandas fundacionales. Analizaremos en esta dirección, las experiencias de la Colectiva del Río Combahee (Combahee River Collective) y de la Alianza de Mujeres del Tercer Mundo (Third World Women's Alliance), organizaciones feministas negras de la década del setenta en los Estados Unidos que buscaban enfrentar las desigualdades estructurales producidas por las articulaciones entre distintos sistemas de dominación y que direccionaron su participación política antiimperialista, anticapitalista, anticolonialista y antisexista. En un segundo momento, proponemos recuperar genealogías críticas de la interseccionalidad para repolitizarla y recomplejizarla, bajo el diagnóstico de neutralización y simplificación de la perspectiva. Finalmente, proponemos subvertir los binarismos dicotómicos y excluyentes bajo los cuales se han estructurado espacios de jerarquías y privilegios; que reproducen violencias y desigualdades. In this work we propose to present that the multiple experiences of oppression -as an effect of the simultaneous entanglements between instances of social differentiation and power relations- have as reverse experiences of struggle, organization and collective resistance as forms of political participation. To address intersecting inequalities and forms of violence, we propose an intersectional approach due to its multidimensional and complex nature, as well as its roots in struggle. To do this, in the first instance, we will draw political genealogies that allow us to historicize intersectionality and tie it to its foundational struggles and demands. We will analyze in this direction, the experiences of the Combahee River Collective and the Third World Women's Alliance, black feminist organizations of the 1970s in the United States that sought to confront the structural inequalities produced by the articulations between different systems of domination and that directed its anti-imperialist, anti-capitalist, anti-colonial and anti-sexist political participation. In a later instance, we propose to recover critical genealogies of intersectionality to re-politicize and recomplex it, under the diagnosis of neutralization and simplification of the perspective. Finally, we propose to subvert dichotomous and exclusionary binarisms under which spaces of hierarchies and privileges have been structured; which reproduce violence and inequalities. Fil: Parra, Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.