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The continuing internationalization of business education offers MBA students a unique cross-cultural environment in which to develop their business acumen. This pluralistic context can produce unc...

The values of a society constitute its culture; they are all the building blocks that can be transferred, renewed, and come from the past to the present. Turkey is a culturally rich and diverse country. In today’s world, the concept of cultural intelligence, which is necessary for people to adapt in different and multicultural environments, is substantial. In this context, it is extremely important for music teachers to adapt to multicultural environments for their work. The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service music teachers’ cultural intelligence and determine if it differs from individual to individual dependent on some variables. A Descriptive analysis, Independent Group t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Kruskal Wallis-H Test and a Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used. In this study, which was carried out with quantitative research, with 278 participants who were studying in seven regions of Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. It has been determined that the cultural intelligence levels are at a good level and the relations between them are positive. Cultural intelligence levels of participants do not differ significantly by the gender, age, university or parent’s education status; solely, it was found statistically significant that metacognition and cognition sub-dimensions vary as the result of someone in the family being involved in music. As a result, it was seen that the cultural intelligence levels of the pre-service music teachers were good and generally did not differ according to demographic variables. The novelty of this study is that the framework has identified pre-service music teachers’ cultural intelligence levels in Turkey. Furthermore, this study can be a point of reference to stakeholders and researchers on this music education axis. The findings of this study also serve to avert the education sector to the issues related to the implementations of teacher education in higher institutions. La cultura se conforma a partir de todos los valores de una sociedad; son los bloques de construcción que pueden transferirse, renovarse y trasladarse del pasado al presente. Turquía es un país complejo, rico y cultu-ralmente diverso. En el mundo actual el concepto de inteligencia cultural, es necesario para que las personas se adapten a entornos diferentes y multiculturales, es esencial. En este contexto, es de suma importancia que los profesores de música lo adapten en entornos multiculturales para que su trabajo sea más eficiente. El propósito de este estudio es investigar la inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música y determinar si difiere o no a partir de algunas variables propuestas. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos, prueba t de grupo independiente, análisis de varianza de una vía, prueba Kruskal Wallis-H, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. En este análisis, que se llevó a cabo desde una investigación cuantitativa, con 278 participantes que estudiaban en siete regiones diferentes de Turquía en el año académico 2020-2021. Se ha determinado que los niveles de inteligencia cultural se encuentran en un nivel adecuado y que las relaciones entre ellos son positivas. Los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los participantes no difieren significativamente según el género, la edad, la universidad o el nivel educativo de los padres. Sólo se encontró, como hallazgo estadísticamente significativo, los casos en que en la familia había alguien involucrado con la música en las subdimensiones de metacognición y cognición. Como resultado se observó que los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música eran óptimos y, en general, no diferían de acuerdo a las variables demográficas. La novedad del presente estudio es que ha iden-tificado los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música en Turquía. Además, este estudio puede ser un punto de referencia para los actores e investigadores en esta esfera de la educación musical. Los hallazgos de este estudio sirven también para prever el sector de la educación sobre los problemas relacionados con las directrices de las instituciones superiores de formación de docentes. A cultura constitui todos os valores de uma sociedade; são todos os blocos de construção que podem ser transferidos, renovados e vir do passado para o presente. A Turquia é um país diversificado, rico e cultu ralmente diverso. No mundo de hoje, o conceito de inteligência cultural, necessário para que as pessoas se adaptem em ambientes diferentes e multiculturais, é substancial. Nesse contexto, é de extrema importância que os professores de música o adaptem em ambientes multiculturais para seu trabalho eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a inteligência cultural de professores de música em formação e determiná-la por algumas variáveis se diferem ou não. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, teste t de grupo independente, análise de variância unidirecional, teste Kruskal Wallis-H, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Neste estudo, que foi realizado com pesquisa quantitativa, com 278 participantes que estudavam em sete regiões diferentes da Turquia no ano acadêmico de 2020-2021. Foi determinado que os níveis de inteligência cultural estão em um bom nível e as relações entre eles são positivas. Os níveis de inteligência cultural dos participantes não diferem significativamente por sexo, idade, universidade ou status educacional dos pais. Apenas foi encontrado esta tisticamente significativo se havia alguém envolvido com música na família nas subdimensões metacognição e cognição. Como resultado, verificou-se que os níveis de inteligência cultural dos professores de música em formação eram bons e geralmente não diferiram de acordo com as variáveis demográficas. A novidade deste estudo é que a estrutura identificou os níveis de inteligência cultural do professor de música na Turquia. Além disso, este estudo pode ser um ponto de referência para interessados e pesquisadores neste eixo de educação musical. Os resultados deste estudo também servem para antecipar o setor de educação sobre as questões relacionadas às implementações de instituições superiores de formação de professores.

We live in an age of massive global disruption. Technological advancements threaten century-old business models, globalization is reordering supply chains, and people need to work with colleagues and customers who have vastly different backgrounds. On top of that, we have been in the midst of a global pandemic, and customers, employers, and investors are demanding more than just a Black Lives Matter social media post from organizations that purport to take social justice seriously. Organizations with high cultural intelligence (CQ) are able to navigate this volatility and complexity effectively. Over the last two decades, scholars from across the world have published hundreds of articles on CQ, the capability to relate and work effectively in complex, culturally diverse situations. Most of the work has examined CQ at the individual level. But what about organizations? Can organizations be culturally intelligent? The emerging research on CQ at the organizational level offers leaders and organizations critical insights for navigating today's diverse, digital world. Organizational CQ is a firm's capability to function effectively in a complex and unpredictable multicultural world. This article stresses the importance of the culturally intelligent organization and explains how to develop organizational CQ.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine existing research in Cultural Intelligence (CI), in an attempt to understand the intellectual influences on current research and research trends. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a bibliometric study of cocitation and bibliographic coupling, supported by factor and network analysis. From a sample of 219 articles, the authors examined selected articles (60 for bibliographic coupling) and the references (32 for citation and cocitation). Findings The results indicate that Earley and Ang (2003) is the basis for the current research. The intellectual structure of CI was concerned with three themes: the Concept of CI; CI and the Cultural Context; and Operationalization of the CI Concept. This initial research has influenced current research in the Operationalization of the Concept of CI when investigating the effect of CI on cultural diversity and individual skills and abilities. Another front recognizes the relationship between CI and the cultural context, being oriented toward understanding the performance and leadership of individuals. Originality/value The authors identified a new research front related to the effect of CI on cultural diversity. It indicates promising new fronts considering culture in a multifaceted and multilevel perspective, and also the possibility of evaluating the construct's cognitive components in the original perspective of Earley and Ang (2003) with neuroscientific methods. From the analysis, the authors suggest that future research presents methodological challenges and the connection of the CI construct and the level of analysis, and the Latin American context, which are explored at the end of this paper.

The research investigated the role of social justice in the relationship between cultural intelligence and attitude toward teaching profession. For a sustainable education, social justice and cultural intelligence are seen crucial in teaching profession. The data of the study were collected from 404 prospective teachers studying at a state university in Turkey by using a paper-based survey. For collecting the data, “Cultural Intelligence Scale (CIS)” developed by Ang et al. (2007) and adapted into Turkish by Ilhan and Cetin (2014); “Social Justice Scale (SJS)” developed by Torres-Harding et al. (2012) and adapted into Turkish by Cirik (2015); and “Attitude Scale of Teaching Profession” developed by Üstüner (2006) were used. A structural model was established and conducted to hypothesize the research questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the measurement and structural model. The SEM-based mediating analysis using SPSS AMOS was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. According to the results, cultural intelligence predicted the attitude towards the teaching profession and also social justice. Moreover, social justice was found to be in the full mediating role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and attitude towards the teaching profession. The research concluded that social justice was an important factor in increasing cultural intelligence competencies of teacher candidates to enhance their positive attitude towards teaching profession.

FNEGE 1, HCERES A, ABS 4*; International audience; Rapid developments in real-time collaborative technologies coupled with the quest for innovation and creativity, has made global virtual teams (GVTs) a viable workplace collaboration option, that many companies are turning to. Though diverse team member perspectives in GVTs are expected to foster creativity, cultural diversity within GVTs also poses significant challenges related to knowledge exchange and integration among team members. Grounding our work in team adaptation and cultural intelligence (CQ) literatures, we suggest CQ as a plausible modality for cultural adaptation in GVTs. Specifically, we propose a nomological network comprising CQ dimensions (motivation, cognition, metacognition, and behavior) serving as a cultural adaptation mechanism for fostering creativity in GVT outcomes. We contextualize and extend prior CQ theory, suggested for face-to-face contexts, to the virtual collaborative GVT environment. For this, we conceptualize the significant role of deep-level implicitly negotiated adaptative behavior (role structure adaptation) in GVTs —in addition to surface-level explicitly displayed adaptative behavior (CQ behavior). We test the proposed model through a sequential mixed methods approach that integrates the results from a quantitative two-wave survey study with findings from a qualitative study comprising expert interviews, to arrive at rich and robust inferences and meta-inferences. The proposed CQ-for-GVT framework, along with delineated boundary conditions and associated propositions, explicates an integrative model explaining the role of CQ for GVT creativity performance. The delineated model not only has theoretical implications but also provides useful directions to GVT practitioners.

To prepare students for an increasingly globalized world, intercultural group work (IGW) holds promise as a pedagogical tool, because it may help them develop intercultural competence and second-language proficiency. These skills also are needed to complete the discipline-specific aspects of group work successfully. This study investigates the extent to which cultural intelligence (CQ), English language proficiency, and personality contribute to students’ cognitive engagement in IGW. A questionnaire was completed by 846 students from six universities in the Netherlands and Canada. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that CQ and the personality trait of openness are the strongest predictors of cognitive engagement. English language proficiency is a relatively weak predictor. The development of CQ thus should be actively promoted to enhance students’ cognitive engagement in IGW.

International audience; The purpose of the study consists in examining the effect of cultural exposure onto cultural adjustment mediated by cultural intelligence. In this perspective, we have consolidated the conception of cultural exposure as well as validated the measure of cultural exposure in French. The data (n = 106) have been collected via an electronic survey administered to immigrants and processed via Jamovi 2.3.3.0. Further to the structural equation modeling in latent variables we have validated the hypothesized mediation. Another result consisted in a validated measure of cultural exposure. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the antecedents of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment. Several recommendations are formulated for the institutions in charge for the immigrants’ integration and training.; Effet de l'exposition culturelle sur l'ajustement culturel : rôle médiateur de l'intelligence culturelle Résumé L'objectif de cette étude consiste à examiner l'effet de l'exposition culturelle sur l'ajustement culturel médiatisé par l'intelligence culturelle. Pour ce faire, nous avons consolidé la conceptualisation de l'exposition culturelle et validé l'échelle permettant son opérationnalisation en langue française. Les données recueillies via un questionnaire électronique auprès d'un public d'immigrés (N=106) ont été analysées via Jamovi 2.3.3.0. Grâce à la modélisation en variables latentes, notre étude confirme l'hypothèse médiationnelle. Un autre résultat de l'étude correspond à la validation de l'échelle opérationnalisation l'exposition culturelle. La discussion autour des résultats obtenus contribue à la compréhension des antécédents de l'intelligence culturelle et de l'ajustement culturel et avance plusieurs préconisations à destination des organismes de formation et d'insertion destinés aux immigrés.

Ovaj rad istražuje povezanost između orijentiranosti studenata prema muškim vrijednostima i razine njihove kulturne inteligencije te između orijentiranosti studenata prema izbjegavanju neizvjesnosti i kulturne inteligencije studenata. Kako bi se ispitali fenomeni razvijeni ovim radom, proveli smo istraživanje na uzorku od 146 studenata na privremenoj razmjeni (ERASMUS razmjena). Rezultati upućuju na pozitivnu i značajnu korelaciju između orijentiranosti studenata prema izbjegavanju neizvjesnosti i dimenzija kulturne inteligencije te negativnu korelaciju između orijentiranosti studenata prema muškim vrijednostima i metakognitivne i motivacijske kulturne inteligencije, dok se korelacija s kognitivnom i bihevioralnom kulturnom inteligencijom pokazala statistički neznačajnom. Rezultati ove studije mogu pomoći nastavnicima, istraživačima te kreatorima ekonomskih i socijalnih politika u izgradnji edukacijskih modela koji će pomoći studentima razviti svijest o kulturnim disparitetima. Na osnovi toga pojedinci će moći usmjeriti svoje napore na razvoj i oblikovanje pojedinih mentalnih dimenzija nužnih za uspješnu prilagodbu međunarodnom okruženju., This paper shows how students' perception on the dominance of masculinity values and uncertainty avoidance characteristics relates with the level of students' cultural intelligence. In order to examine the phenomena, the research was conducted on a sample of 146 exchange programme students (ERASMUS exchange programme). The results indicate a positive and significant correlation between the variables uncertainty avoidance and determinants of cultural intelligence. Furthermore, the obtained results indicate a negative correlation between students' perception on dominance of masculinity values and metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence, while relationships with cognitive and behavioural cultural intelligence were statistically non-significant. The results of this study can help teachers, researchers, and economic and social policy makers to build educational models that will help students develop an awareness of cultural disparities. As a result, individuals will be able to focus their efforts on developing and shaping the individual mental dimensions necessary for successful adaptation to the international environment.

There are many identified antecedents of creativity. However, employing creative cognition theory as followed by (Yunlu, Clapp-Smith, & Shaffer, 2017), we hypothesized a positive effect of Cultural Intelligence in determining creativity. We classified Cultural Intelligence into four distinct factors (cognitive, meta-cognitive, behavioral, and motivational). Higher Cultural Intelligence fosters more Creativity among employees, moreover, this relationship is augmented by a higher level of Curiosity. We applied this framework in the Pakistani context by conducting a survey based on a close-ended questionnaire from 387 employees working in Karachi. Pakistan is a multi-cultured country, making this study meaningful. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results suggested that, apart from the meta-cognitive dimension, all Cultural Intelligence factors as well as curiosity have a strong positive and significant effect on creativity. Similarly, the effect of each of the three dimensions namely, cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational on creativity is significantly augmented by curiosity. The finding implies that cross-border interactions are necessary and effective to learn. Also, one can recognize the importance of his own culture when others adapt to it. Social insight is something other than social mindfulness and affectability, which are additionally essential inside a partnership; it is the capacity to identify with socially different circumstances, just as work successfully in them.

ABAC ODI Journal Vision. Action. Outcome, 10, 2, 342-383

Статья посвящена сложностям общения между представителями высококонтекстных культур. Рассматриваются аутентичные ситуации коммуникативного поведения французских, японских и русских туристов. Выявляются условия для успешной межкультурной коммуникации, способствующие формированию так называемого культурного интеллекта., The article regards the difficulties of communication between representatives of high-context cultures. There are authentic situations of communicative behavior of French, Japanese and Russian tourists considered. The conditions for successful intercultural communication, contributing to the formation of the so-called cultural intelligence, are identified., ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ФИЛОЛОГИЯ. ТЕОРИЯ ЯЗЫКА. ЯЗЫКОВОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, Выпуск 3 (47) 2023

In this study we measured the effect of COIL on intercultural competence development using a quasi-experimental design. Our sample consisted of 108 undergraduate students from two universities, one located in the Netherlands (NL) and one in the United States (US). Students’ self-reported intercultural competence was measured using a pre-post survey which included the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). Qualitative data were collected to complement our quantitative findings and to give a deeper insight into the student experience. The data showed a significantly bigger increase in intercultural competence for the US experimental group compared to the US control group, supporting our hypothesis that COIL develops intercultural competence. This difference was not observed for the NL students, possibly due to the NL control group being exposed to other international input during the course.

Современное поколение обучающихся, будущих специалистов в самых разных областях социальной сферы, в том числе в области физической культуры и спорта, нередко воспринимает культурное пространство через процессы цифровизации и геймификации, а также через их продукты: клип-культуру, экранную культуру, киберкультуру, инструменты дополненной реальности (AR- и VR-технологии). Формирование цифрового общества и развитие Web 4.0 ставит новые задачи, связанные с трансформацией культурной среды, образовательных институтов, а также с пониманием и продвижением культурных ценностей обучающихся. Привычный формат культуры, восприятие культурной среды и формирование культурных ценностей у цифровых аборигенов (термин введен П. Киршнером и Й. Мерриенбуром) кардинально меняется. В данной статье, с опорой на анализ теории капиталов Пьера Бурдье, раскрыта значимость использования понятий «культурный капитал», «культурные ценности» и «культурный интеллект» при разработке образовательных программ, обеспечивающих современный уровень подготовки специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта., The current generation of students, future specialists in various areas of the social sphere, including in the field of physical culture and sports, often perceives the cultural space through the processes of digitalization and gamification, as well as through their products: clip culture, screen culture, cyber culture, tools augmented reality (AR and VR technologies). The formation of a digital society and the development of Web 4.0 poses new challenges related to the transformation of the cultural environment, educational institutions, as well as understanding and promoting the cultural values of students. The usual format of culture, the perception of the cultural environment and the formation of cultural values among the “digital natives” (the term was introduced by P. Kirchner and J. Merrienbur) is changing dramatically. This article, based on the analysis of the theory of capital by Pierre Bourdieu, reveals the importance of using the concepts of “cultural capital”, “cultural values” and “cultural intelligence” in the development of educational programs that provide a modern level of training of specialists in the field of physical culture and sports., ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ, Выпуск 3 (47) 2023

The present study aims to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) and measure their impacts on interpersonal communication skills on cultural tour guides in a religious complex in Iran via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the survey show that there is a positive and significant relationship between SQ and CQ. Also, we found that CQ has a significant effect on interpersonal communication skills. The effect of SQ on communication skills was not supported in this study.

In recent years, the demand for more culturally competent candidates has risen as employers seek workers highly adaptable to the global marketplace. Study abroad internship programs offer a rich training ground for college students to gain valuable international and intercultural career experience. This study examined the effects of experiential program design on the cultural intelligence of participants in an international internship program. College students from a large Midwestern university were enrolled in an international internship program in Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lima, Peru; or Seoul, South Korea. The program design incorporated principles of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) to increase student reflection on their experience and engage them in the ELT cycle. Participants were scored on the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) before and after the internship, and pre-test and post-test scores were compared and analyzed. Findings indicated significant growth in participants’ cultural intelligence. The intentional incorporation of experiential learning principles in the design and implementation of internship abroad programs has clear potential to increase participant’ intercultural competence and develop their skills for the 21st century workplace.

The article shows the expediency of the domestic tourism development while several states have closed for Russian tourists. The authors substantiate the necessity of popularization of destinations that contribute to developing intercultural communication. It is determined that the destinations, the territory or objects with recognized historical and cultural value, contribute to the strengthening of good-neighborly relations between modern carriers of cultural differences, the maintenance of socially just contacts and, in a broad sense, the preservation of civil unity. Intercultural communication is considered as the interaction of representatives of different cultures through cultural heritage objects since the success of cultural borrowing and positive perception of differences depends on the volume and intensity of historical and cultural information consumption by a tourist. It was revealed that historical and cultural tourism requires the curiosity of the tourist, an atmosphere of trust and friendliness, and the cultural intelligence accumulated through communications contributes to the development of tolerance and the acceptance of cultural, socio-ethical, religious and other features of the destination. The article characterize destination of the Bulgarian Museum-Reserve, which allows the tourist both indirectly and directly to participate in intercultural communications. The objects of cultural heritage of the city of Bolgar contribute to the awareness of the tourist of the versatility of the historical path of its development: as a center of trade in Ancient Russia and in the Golden Horde period, and as a territory for the adoption of Islam. The authors note the result of the transformation of the Bulgarian Museum-Reserve into a historical and cultural tourist center, e protected by UNESCO as evidence of the interpenetration of heterogeneous cultures preserved to our time., Originally published in https://stcc.rgutspubl.org/index.php/1/article/view/62

The purpose of this paper is to present a bibliometric analysis of the literature, focusing on knowledge dynamics in managerial decision making. The motivation of our research is based on the new theory of knowledge fields and knowledge dynamics and its influence on decision making in business and management. The methodology used is based on a bibliometric analysis performed with the specialized software VOSviewer. The analysis graphically presents a series of semantic clusters which show the co-citation distances between different concepts related to the search expressions used like “knowledge dynamics”, “managerial decision”, and “decision making”. As a database, we used the papers published in journals indexed in Web of Science. The outcomes of our analysis are some graphical representations of semantic clusters for the expressions “knowledge dynamics” and “managerial decision making”, and a series of tables with the content analysis of the clusters and some other data concerning publications and authors. The findings demonstrate that there is a consistent link between knowledge dynamics and the managerial decision making process. The contribution of the paper comes from the fact that it is a first bibliometric analysis of the correlations between knowledge dynamics and managerial decision making as reflected in papers indexed in Web of Science. Also, the analysis includes for the first time the topic of entropic knowledge dynamics as reflected in papers indexed in Web of Science.

Expatriation for work presents various challenges before departure, during expatriation, and upon return to one’s home country. These challenges are why learning to manage cultural differences is a vital skill for expatriate managers and professionals, and hiring managers. Cultural intelligence (CQ) has been the subject of much research over the last decade. The present systematic review contributes to the literature on expatriate worker CQ by collecting and analyzing 97 empirical articles on the subject. Findings point to five core elements associated with CQ and five avenues for future research. Ultimately, the study results show that CQ positively affects many outcomes during expatriation.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report results of testing and validation of the cultural intelligence (CQ) Scale in a new location, the culturally diverse United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in a new sector: public and private school leaders. Design/methodology/approach This study surveys 167 school leaders from public and private schools in the UAE using the 20-item version of the CQ Scale, which uses a seven-point Likert response scale of strongly agree to strongly disagree. An examination of the dimensionality of the 20 items was conducted using both principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Demographics were also gathered. Findings Results from testing and validation of the scale indicated a high level of CQ among school leaders in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. An examination of the dimensionality of the 20 items showed them to fall into the same structure of four sub-components as conceptually conceived: knowledge, strategy, motivation and behaviour. The mean scores for the four components of CQ in this study indicate high CQ amongst Abu Dhabi school leaders, although the knowledge dimension measured slightly lower. The results confirm previous research that found CQ to be higher in culturally diverse settings, which, according to socio-demographic details gathered in the study applies to the UAE. Originality/value This is the first known study to test the Cultural Intelligence Scale in UAE schools. It answers the call from the CQ Scale developers to validate the scale in diverse contexts.

This study aims to determine the opinions of high school principals on their cultural intelligence levels, to determine the activities of these principals to increase their cultural intelligence levels, the advantages of their having a high level of cultural intelligence, the factors that prevent them from increasing their cultural intelligence levels, and their suggestions to increase their cultural intelligence levels. The data obtained from the interview forms were analyzed by the content analysis method. The findings were organized and presented under themes and sub-themes. The study group of the research consisted of 40 school principals working in Mersin central districts in the 2020-2021 academic years. According to the study results; most of the participants stated that they had a high level of cultural intelligence while some participants stated that they had a low level of cultural intelligence. Regarding the activities to increase their level of cultural intelligence, principals stated that they did activities such as increasing their knowledge, going abroad, and developing social relations. The principals expressed three different opinions on the advantages of having a high level of cultural intelligence: organizational advantages, professional advantages, and individual advantages. It was determined that factors preventing principals from increasing their cultural intelligence levels were factors unrelated to principal and factors related to principal. The principals expressed two different opinions on what could be done to increase their cultural intelligence levels: The things to be done by the superiors and the things to be done the principal.

Cross-cultural research in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has primarily focused on testing the generalizability of various OCB dimensions in different cultures, while attempting to unearth any culture-specific OCB notions that may arise from the values of a particular culture. But with the contemporary workplace becoming increasingly multicultural, this research attempts to move beyond the study of OCB in culturally homogenous environments and investigates its manifestation in a multicultural context. This study proposes cultural intelligence (CQ) as one of the antecedents of OCB, which enables individuals in foreign cultures to understand the perceptions of OCB in that particular culture, and posits that individuals with high levels of CQ exhibit OCB in multicultural environments. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating effect of cultural distance (CD) on the relationship between CQ and OCB to test whether culturally similar or different environments strengthen or weaken this relationship. The study draws upon the trait activation theory to test the hypotheses under investigation. Data for this study were collected from 513 expatriates of 31 different nationalities working in a multicultural environment and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that CQ had a positive impact on OCB, but CD did not have any impact on the CQ-OCB relationship. The findings of this study have important implications for human resource managers managing a culturally diverse workforce.

The increasing relationship between students with unique and diverse backgrounds as a result of open access through technology needs to be facilitated immediately. The availability of accurate data about the cultural intelligence of students is currently needed so that these students can adapt to their environment and are optimally facilitated. The purpose of this study is to obtain a real picture of the cultural intelligence of students in East Priangan and analyze it from the point of view of the dynamics of individual development and the philosophy of life of the Sundanese ethnic community. This study uses a quantitative approach and uses a descriptive method. Collecting data using a questionnaire to reveal the level of cultural intelligence of students which is then analyzed conceptually and empirically from the point of view of the dynamics of human development. The results showed that the achievement of cultural intelligence of students in East Priangan was above the average. The empirical results indicate that the psychophysical efforts of students to be able to adapt effectively and normatively in a higher education environment are close to optimal. This condition was determined by the real embodiment of the mandates contained in several Sundanese ethnic heritage texts from generation to generation both in thinking, feeling, and behaving.

In a globalizing world, intercultural competence has become increasingly important for university graduates. Using a sample of 177 students participating in study abroad programs organized by a Swiss university and a Chinese university, we investigate antecedents and mediators to multicultural team (MCT) effectiveness. Based on social identity and self-categorization theories, our findings show that cultural intelligence is positively related to common ingroup identity and MCT effectiveness, and common ingroup identity is positively related to communication and MCT effectiveness. Specifically, common ingroup identity and communication quality play a significant full-chain mediating role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and MCT effectiveness. From an international education perspective, these results provide knowledge of strategies and actions necessary to ensure MCT effectiveness in intercultural collaboration. The latter is relevant for international business collaborations with employees, customers, and external stakeholders.

استهدفت هذه الدراسة تقديم أساس نظري لموضوع الذکاء الثقافي، وتقييم صلاحية مقياس الذکاء الثقافي (CQS) في سياق بيئة منظمات الأعمال المصرية، وقد تم تطبيق مقياس الذکاء الثقافي (CQS) على عينة مکونة من 66 مديرا مصريا يعملون في شرکات دولية في مصر. دعمت نتائج تحليل المرکب التوکيدي (CCA) هيکل الذکاء الثقافي المکون من أربعة أبعاد: الذکاء الثقافي ما وراء المعرفة، والذکاء الثقافي المعرفي، والذکاء الثقافي الدافعي، والذکاء الثقافي السلوکي، کذلک أشارت النتائج إلى أن مقياس الذکاء الثقافي الذي تم ترجمته إلى اللغة العربية يعتبر أداة موثوقة وصالحة لقياس ذکاء الفرد بين الثقافات. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the subject of cultural intelligence and to assess the cultural intelligence scale (CQS) validity in the Egyptian organizations. The CQS was administered to a sample of 66 Egyptian managers working in international firms in Egypt. Results of a confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) supported the four-factor structure of the CQS: metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral. In addition, the results indicated that the Arabic version of the CQS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring an individual’s intercultural intelligence.

This study investigates How the coaching behavior of Chinese expatriates and the performance of local employees overcomes the inherent differences between them and develops the quality of relationships that play an important role in carrying out cross-cultural knowledge transfer? Existing research does not provide a good answer to this question. The knowledge transfer literature has focused on organizational vehicles and structural mechanisms, with little attention paid to understanding how the organizational processes and individuals involved can facilitate knowledge transfer. After all, it is people who have applied and transferred knowledge. This study aims to propose and analyze a model for developing expatriate coaching behavior through cross-cultural knowledge transfer in improving the work performance of local employees, to examine the moderating role of intelligence culture for expatriate coaching behavior on the relationship of cross-cultural knowledge transfer to local employee performance on expatriates and employees. This study will examine the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support theorists have suggested that employees form global perceptions of the level of support provided by their employers and that this perception influences their behavior in the workplace. The data collection method used is a qualitative method. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that China expatriates with high cultural intelligence, their coaching behavior has a clearer positive impact on the performance of local employees; for local employees who have high cultural intelligence, expatriate coaching behavior has a clearer positive impact on the employee's performance.

This paper examines the relationship between intercultural competencies and performance in “international locals”, defined as employees who, albeit not formally appointed to any international position, are regularly exposed to different types of intercultural interactions. From a sample of 258 employees of a multinational company, we selected a sub-group of 94 international locals, and examined the effect of ethnocentrism (ET), cultural intelligence (CQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) on their performance, utilizing multiple regression analysis. The results show that the higher levels of CQ and/or EQ, the better the performance of international locals. Evidence also indicates that EQ interacts with CQ, triggering or enhancing the effect on performance. Finally, ET does not have any effect on the performance of international locals. The research implies that EQ and CQ are essential for performance in international business situations, and that international locals, who are continually exposed to regular intercultural interactions, need to focus on developing these two competencies. By assessing and helping international locals to develop higher EQ and CQ, organizations can ensure that they have enthusiastic and perseverant employees, who enjoy intercultural interactions, and can contribute to develop competitive advantages and capabilities.

Cultural intelligence (CQ), expressing a capacity to effectively function in a cultural or culturally diverse environment (professional and otherwise), has great importance not only for the success of individuals who operate professionally in a intercultural environment, but also for the competitiveness of companies or organizations operating in international markets. For this reason research about CQ abroad is given the high level of attention, however this is not the case in the Czech Republic. This review uses the relatively new method of systematic quantitative literature review to provide a detailed mapping of cultural intelligence research in the years 2015–2019. The results of the analysis indicate that CQ is a global multidisciplinary phenomenon that has become established in intercultural management as a compelling area of research. The concept of CQ is well conceptualized and operationalized; the research at present is focused on the known relationships of new mediators or moderators and other correlations between CQ and new variables are being sought at the level of international economies and management. From the number of published research outcomes it can be seen that interest in CQ is growing, primarily among authors from multicultural countries. Researchers in the years 2015–2019 tested (predominantly in empirical studies) far more hypotheses related to CQ than they did in a comparable previous period; the studies took place in 33 countries, however mostly in the USA. European countries nonetheless fall somewhat behind in this area. Building on previous literature reviews, the nomological network of CQ has been supplemented for the years 2018 and 2019. From the classification of research outcomes it is evident that researchers are most interested in topics oriented on psychology of work. Our study brings entirely new information about CQ research pertaining to the methods used in quantitative analysis and the characteristics of respondents and localization of research.

The ability to handle cross-cultural affairs efficiently has become critical to migrant tourism entrepreneurs in establishing business and surviving in a culturally distinct environment, especially in a cultural heritage site. Using a sample of homestay inn entrepreneurs in Hongcun Village, this study examines how cultural intelligence (CQ) affects the migrant tourism entrepreneurs’ subjective performance (SP) and heritage responsibility (HR) and whether HR plays a mediating effect on the relationship of CQ to SP. Applying the PLS-SEM approach to a sample of 142 homestay inn entrepreneurs, this study finds that CQ promotes HR and SP. However, only the Motivational CQ and Cognitive CQ dimensions positively influence HR and SP separately. The mediating effects of HR are also validated on the overall path from CQ to SP and the Motivational CQ to SP. The findings confirm the validation of the assumption “With great ability, comes greater responsibility and greater results in business” in tourism entrepreneurship. Finally, some theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

Technological and social changes have made the organizational nature more open and accessible than ever. In recent years, modern leadership styles are used to efficiently manage these radical changes, and social intelligence and cultural intelligence concepts are used to get an edge over these changes correctly. In this study, based on the interaction of different intelligence types with the leadership styles exhibited, the factors affecting the leadership style were examined. The concept of leadership was carefully considered by associating the sub-dimensions of social intelligence and cultural intelligence, and assessing them in terms of demographics. The research sample is selected as Technopark employees in Istanbul. The sample reflects one of the increasingly widespread Technology Development Zones in Turkey, and welcomes technological developments as well as foreign cultural companies within. By analyzing the obtained data from 354 participants with descriptive and explanatory statistical methods, the relationships between leadership styles in the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire, a comprehensive leadership tendency measurement tool, and social intelligence and cultural intelligence have been revealed. In addition, the effects of social intelligence’s and cultural intelligence’s sub-dimensions on four different leadership styles, and demographic differentiations are detected. The research provides guiding outputs for future research and business reflections.

The aim of the study is to determine the cultural intelligence levels of the students and to determine the effect of cultural intelligence on the food neophobia and food neophilia. As the universe of the study, the students of the Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts within Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Tourism and Gökçeada School of Applied Sciences were determined and a total of 205 students were reached with the convenience sampling technique. In this descriptive study, data were collected online and face-to-face between 08.05.2022 and 07.08.2022 with a questionnaire developed based on the literature. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical package program. As a result of the analyzes carried out, it was determined that the cultural intelligence levels of the students were moderate and it had a positive and statistically significant effect on the food neophilia. It has been determined that the cognitive dimension of cultural intelligence has a negative and statistically significant effect on the the food neophobia., Çalışma ile öğrencilerin kültürel zekâ seviyelerini tespit edilmesi ve kültürel zekanın yemekleri deneme korkusu ve merakı üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın evreni olarak Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Turizm ve Fakültesi ve Gökçeada Uygulamalı Bilimler Yüksekokulu bünyesinde bulunan Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları Bölümü öğrencileri belirlenmiş ve kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile toplamda 205 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Betimsel nitelikteki bu çalışmada veriler, literatüre dayalı olarak geliştirilen bir anket ile 08.05.2022- 07.08.2022 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi istatistik paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, öğrencilerin kültürel zeka düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu ve yeni yemekleri deneme merakı üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Kültürel zekanın biliş boyutunun yeni yemekleri deneme korkusu üzerinde negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

In this study, static and dynamic portfolio allocation analyzes based on cryptocurrency markets areconducted. Conditional value at risk method, risk parity method, minimum variance portfolio and equal weightedportfolio are used in the analyzes. Sortino ratio, Calmar ratio, Sharpe ratio and coefficients of variation are appliedin order to evaluate the performances of the optimal portfolios. In the measurement of financial risk levels of theoptimal portfolios, the historical simulation method, the conditional value-at-risk method and the maximumdrawdown are used. The results based on both static and dynamic portfolio allocation analysis indicate that equalweighted portfolio is the best performing of the methods examined. The findings also show that though theportfolio created with the equal weighted portfolio has a reasonable market risk level under normal marketconditions, in the periods when the volatility in the cryptocurrency markets is quite high, the portfolio created withthe equal weighted portfolio also has the highest market risk., Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle büyük değişimler geçiren toplumların bireylerarası ilişkilerini kültür kavramıyla birlikte incelemek konunun daha iyi anlaşılması açısından gerekli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, literatürde yeterince çalışılmamış, güncel bir konu olan ve kültürel çeşitliliğin fazla olduğu turizm destinasyonlarında, kültürel zeka kavramını incelemekledir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, yabancı turistlerin demografik faktörlerinin kültürel zeka boyutlarıyla farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda İstanbul’u ziyaret eden 497 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, turistlerin cinsiyet, eğitim durumları ve kalış süreleri ile kültürel zeka boyutları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber yaş değişkeninin kültürel zekanın alt boyutlarıyla herhangi bir farklılık yaratmadığı da belirlenmiştir.

Cross-cultural and emotional competence of employees is an important aspect of strategic and corporate management in the hotel industry. The authors of the article focus on the problem of cross-cultural and emotional competence of the personnel working in the contact zone of a hotel enterprise. The article preliminary reveals the specificity of cross-cultural interaction in the hotel business and substantiates the need to consider the cross-cultural characteristics of customers of different nationalities in servicing at hospitality enterprises. The staff emotional intelligence is very important in hospitality industry. The authors emphasize significance of emotional intelligence in the emotional competence of the personnel of the contact zone: it helps to build effective communications, create emotionally balanced working relationships and reveal the hidden potential of each employee of the team. Methods for the formation and development of cultural and emotional intelligence are singled out, and types of events are considered, among which both educational projects and active teaching methods occupy a special place – cultural assimilators, attributive trainings, business games, seminars, master classes, incentive programs. The authors make a conclusion that emotional and cultural intelligence are extremely important competencies of hospitality workers. At the same time, emotional and cross-cultural skills need to be developed to be continuously adapting to new realities., Originally published in https://ruservices.rgutspubl.org/index.php/1/article/view/257

El concepto de inteligencia cultural ha tomado una atención por investigadores y profesionales debido a la relevancia en el mundo globalizado en el que vivimos en un contexto influenciado por tecnología, información y relaciones interculturales, se vuelve importante entender como algunos individuos se adaptan de forma más eficiente a las necesidades de las organizaciones a pesar de tener ciertas particularidades en su contexto sociocultural, por lo que se vuelve interesante realizar una investigación con implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. El talento humano se vuelve un elemento estratégico fundamental generador de valor agregado por las habilidades y experiencias de los individuos estas deben ser gestionadas de forma efectiva mediante acciones que permitan una correcta interacción de los individuos con prácticas de gestión del conocimiento, del desempeño y el compromiso para generar una ventaja competitiva en las compañías. Por eso esta investigación mide los factores de inteligencia cultural de un individuo que influyen en su interacción con la organización, realizada en empresas de la zona norte del departamento del Cauca, Colombia. The concept of cultural intelligence has drawn attention from researchers and professionals due to its relevance in the globalized world in which we live in a context influenced by technology, information and intercultural relations, it becomes important to understand how some individuals adapt more efficiently to the needs of organizations despite having certain peculiarities in their sociocultural context, so it becomes interesting to conduct research with theoretical and practical implications. Human talent becomes a fundamental strategic element that generates added value due to the skills and experiences of individuals, these must be managed effectively through actions that allow a correct interaction of individuals with management practices of knowledge, performance and commitment. to generate a competitive advantage in companies. That is why this research measures the factors of cultural intelligence of an individual that influence their interaction with the organization, carried out in companies in the northern area of the department of Cauca, Colombia Tesis (Magíster en Administración de Empresas)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2022 Maestría Magíster en Administración de Empresas

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how business-to-business (B2B), intercultural, interpersonal salesperson–customer relationships develop using the lens of identity management theory (IMT; Imahori and Cupach, 2005).Design/methodology/approachThe research uses qualitative semi-structured interviews on 18 targeted relationships with customers from another culture conducted with business-to-business salespeople.FindingsThe findings indicate that our respondents' relationships moved from trial toward enmeshment and on occasion toward the renegotiation phase, as described in IMT. In the case of low cultural diversity between salesperson and customer, the relationships reached the trial and enmeshment phase. In the case of high cultural diversity between salesperson and customer, the relationships on occasion evolved toward the renegotiation phase. Salespeople's cultural intelligence (CQ) facilitates the development of interpersonal, intercultural salesperson–customer relationships.Originality/valueThe authors transfer IMT from the personal relationship development arena to B2B intercultural, interpersonal relationships, address a gap in the literature in the understanding of salesperson–customer interpersonal relationships in different contexts and develop a theoretical model to understand intercultural, interpersonal salesperson–customer relationship development across different levels of cultural diversity.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between motivational cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment of expatriate talent through the lens of cultural distance. The rapid dev...

PurposeVirtual collaboration provides students with an opportunity to develop cultural intelligence while fitting into the team where the members are from diverse cultures. The purpose of this study is to explore whether global virtual team (GVT) projects raise students' understanding of cultural differences. In addition, it is interesting to know how internationally disruptive events such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influence GVT projects.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved two parts: In the first part, a two-wave longitudinal study was conducted to investigate how intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence coevolve within a group of international students enrolled in a virtual business professional project. In the second part, using word clouds and topic modelling on the participants' perceptions, the study investigated whether the sudden disruption caused by the pandemic show similar results in performance, focussing primarily on the resilience of virtual teams. Further, the study explored participants' perceptions towards online learning in higher education institutions as well as the attitude of corporate organizations towards remote working in the post-pandemic years.FindingsThe results confirmed that GVT projects, in fact, do raise students' understanding of cultural differences and the need to adjust their behaviour accordingly in order to engage with their culturally different counterparts effectively. Participants reported an increase in their cognitive, behavioural and affective attributes.Research limitations/implicationsAmong the limitations of this study is the relatively small number of student participants. Furthermore, the number of respondents from India dominated the sample. Since the Indian students were disproportionately affected by the shutdown, causing them to return often to rural areas with poor Internet connectivity, responses concerning the disruption caused by the pandemic may be overriding negative. The same could be said of responses from US-American students, who often rely heavily on-campus employment or whose parents became unemployed during the pandemic, and thus were faced with disproportionate economic insecurity.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insights to the educators and international organizations on how such projects provide the skills essential for reducing costs, accessing knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) across borders, maintaining flexible work schedules and arrangements, and taking advantage of multiple time zones to increase productivity.Originality/valueWhile highlighting the significance of cultural intelligence, this paper investigated how the sudden disruption caused by a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic impacts performance, focussing primarily on the resilience of virtual teams.

PurposeThe study investigates the effects of core self-evaluations on project managers' competencies. The study further examines the moderating effect of cultural intelligence between core self-evaluations and competencies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, with a descriptive-survey approach, necessary data were collected from a sample of project managers of Iran's Ministry of Communication and Information Technology through questionnaires. The conceptual framework of the study was tested according to structural equation modeling by PLS software.FindingsFindings show that core self-evaluations have positive and significant effects on project managers' competencies among which psychological stability has the greatest effect. Furthermore, the moderating role of cultural intelligence in the relationship between core self-evaluations and project managers' competencies was confirmed. According to the calculated coefficient, motivational cultural intelligence had the greatest role.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected using a questionnaire at a single point in time, and thus, not allowing cause–effect inferences. Also, the demographic variables were not controlled.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide some implications for HRM professionals and project managers interested in promoting a system of HR practices that contributes to enhancing project managers' competencies and effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the factors that have an effect on project managers' competencies, specifically on a list of main competencies necessary for project managers' performance. Moreover, it suggests that project managers' competencies will benefit from cultural intelligence, which will display a greater effect when embedded in highly diverse cultural contexts.

Hingga awal 2021, terdapat 12 misi perdamaian PBB yang dilaksanakan di bawah Department of Peace Operations . Namun demikian, tidak semua misi perdamaian yang pernah dilakukan oleh PBB berhasil. Salah satu contoh misi perdamaian PBB yang dinilai gagal adalah misi United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I (1992-1993) dan II (1993-1995). Salah satu penyebab kegagalan misi UNOSOM adalah karena misi tersebut tidak dapat menjawab tantangan berupa perbedaan kebudayaan yang ada, baik antar peacekeeper maupun dengan warga lokal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengelaborasi upaya untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan lintas budaya dan ketahanan bagi peacekeeper dan keluarganya agar misi-misi yang akan dilaksanakan oleh mereka di masa depan dapat menghasilkan outcome yang lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kecerdasan budaya dan kompetensi budaya merupakan dua kemampuan penting yang harus dimiliki oleh peacekeeper yang bertugas di lingkungan budaya yang berbeda. Di sisi lain, potensi peacekeeper terpapar stress selama penugasan di wilayah konflik dan dampak negatif yang mungkin dialami keluarga peacekeeper selama ia ditugaskan juga perlu menjadi perhatian, baik bagi PBB maupun negara-negara pengirim peacekeeper. Baik upaya peningkatan kecerdasan budaya, kompetensi lintas budaya hingga ketahanan peacekeeper dan keluarganya dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan-pelatihan. Namun demikian, diperlukan komitmen dan kemauan politik yang kuat dari para stakeholder terkait agar pelatihan-pelatihan ini dapat dilaksanakan dengan sistematis, komprehensif dan berkesinambungan untuk mendukung berbagai misi perdamaian yang masih dan akan dilaksanakan oleh PBB.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar mutuamente a autoconfiança e a inteligência cultural de candidatos a professores de educação física e de ciências e literatura. O modelo de estudo transversal quantitativo foi usado no estudo e 320 candidatos a professores participaram voluntariamente. Os participantes foram escolhidos de acordo com o método de amostragem conveniente. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados a escala de autoconfiança (AKIN, 2007) e o inventário de inteligência cultural (İLHAN; ÇETIN, 2014). Nas análises das amostras independentes de dados foi utilizado o teste t e o controle de correlação parcial para a variável docente. Como resultado, o presente artigo mostrou que os candidatos a professores de educação física tinham maior autoconfiança e inteligência cultural metacognitiva do que os candidatos a professores de literatura. Por outro lado, os candidatos a professores de ciências e literatura apresentaram níveis mais elevados de inteligência cultural cognitiva e comportamental do que os candidatos a professores de educação física. Autoconfiança e inteligência cultural se correlacionaram.

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is critical to students’ academic and career success. Drawing on experiential learning theory, the current study investigates the extent to which students’ prior internat...

The purpose of this study is to analyze how firm cultural intelligence and social media technologies influence the international marketing capabilities of multinational enterprise (MNE) regional of...

Although scholars have fully explored the factors influencing tourists’ positive emotions, there is still a research gap on the joint effect of multiple factors. Based on 509 samples of cultural an...

PurposeOrganisations operate in diverse cultural environment, which is a challenging task due to absence of cultural knowledge and difficulty in adapting the native culture that usually leads to expatriate failure. In this context cultural intelligence plays an important role in the adjustment of employees. The purpose of the study is to examine the mediating role played by cultural intelligence between cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment relationship. It further analyses the moderating role of cross-cultural training and types of expatriate between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment relationship.Design/methodology/approachSet in a large culturally diverse emerging economy context, data have been gathered from 530 managers working in banking sector. Data have been duly assessed for reliability and validity.FindingsThe results revealed that cultural intelligence mediates cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment relationship. Evidence from the analysis further suggests that cross-cultural training and types of expatriate moderate the relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment. Lastly, the managerial and theoretical implications have been put forth for practical and academic perusal.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is cross-sectional in nature and data have been collected from single source.Practical implicationsOrganisations should design such training programmes, which motivate the managers to successfully complete out of home state assignment and help them to adapt in the cross-cultural situations.Social implicationsCulturally intelligent employees/managers are able to communicate with people belonging to diverse culture, which results in building trust, loyalty and cordial relationship amongst the people. This will create the feeling of unity in the society thereby bringing national as well as global peace.Originality/valueThe study develops the extant literature on cross-cultural training and types of expatriate as effective intercultural instruments to enhance the capability of the managers to interact and adjust in host region environment.

Based on the theoretical review of researches and studies concerned with virtual teams in organizations, it was found that the role of virtual teams varies from case to another, and it may be positive or opposite. The purpose of the current research is to examine the role of virtual teams in the impact of cultural intelligence on the strategic excellence of Zain worldwide Group. An electronic questionnaire was designed through the (Google) and (Microsoft) forms, and distributed then on a sample of (146) participants with a high organizational level of the HRM departments within the group. The results showed that there was a positive moderator role of virtual teams in the relationship of cultural intelligence and strategic excellence in Zain, as well as improving all effect relationships within the model.

This study investigates the effect of mental aspects of cultural intelligence through emotionality on creative behaviour in entrepreneurship. Using a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in a developing country (Kazakhstan), this study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by providing a fine-grained explanation about how emotionality serves as a mediating mechanism between cognitive and metacognitive cultural intelligence, and self-creativity. The findings of this study demonstrate that individuals who display higher levels of cognitive and metacognitive cultural intelligence tend to possess higher emotionality, which in turns has a positive influence on self-creativity. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of the role of cultural intelligence in spurring emotionality and self-creativity.