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Plant architecture is a crucial influencing factor of wheat yield and adaptation. In this study, we cloned and characterized TaSPL14, a homologous gene of the rice ideal plant architecture gene OsSPL14 in wheat. TaSPL14 homoeologs (TaSPL14-7A, TaSPL14-7B and TaSPL14-7D) exhibited similar expression patterns, and they were all preferentially expressed in stems at the elongation stage and in young spikes. Moreover, the expression level of TaSPL14-7A was higher than that of TaSPL14-7B and TaSPL14-7D. Overexpression of TaSPL14-7A in wheat resulted in significant changes in plant architecture and yield traits, including decreased tiller number and increased kernel size and weight. Three TaSPL14-7A haplotypes were identified in Chinese wheat core collection, and haplotype-based association analysis showed that TaSPL14-7A-Hap1/2 were significantly correlated with fewer tillers, larger kernels and higher kernel weights in modern cultivars. The haplotype effect resulted from a difference in TaSPL14-7A expression levels among genotypes, with TaSPL14-7A-Hap1/2 leading to higher expression levels than TaSPL14-7A-Hap3. As favorable haplotypes, TaSPL14-7A-Hap1/2 underwent positive selection during global wheat breeding over the last century. Together, the findings of our study provide insight into the function and genetic effects of TaSPL14 and provide a useful molecular marker for wheat breeding.

Given only a set of images, neural implicit surface representation has shown its capability in 3D surface reconstruction. However, as the nature of per-scene optimization is based on the volumetric rendering of color, previous neural implicit surface reconstruction methods usually fail in low-textured regions, including the floors, walls, etc., which commonly exist for indoor scenes. Being aware of the fact that these low-textured regions usually correspond to planes, without introducing additional ground-truth supervisory signals or making additional assumptions about the room layout, we propose to leverage a novel Pseudo Plane-regularized Signed Distance Field (P$^2$SDF) for indoor scene reconstruction. Specifically, we consider adjacent pixels with similar colors to be on the same pseudo planes. The plane parameters are then estimated on the fly during training by an efficient and effective two-step scheme. Then the signed distances of the points on the planes are regularized by the estimated plane parameters in the training phase. As the unsupervised plane segments are usually noisy and inaccurate, we propose to assign different weights to the sampled points on the plane in plane estimation as well as the regularization loss. The weights come by fusing the plane segments from different views. As the sampled rays in the planar regions are redundant, leading to inefficient training, we further propose a keypoint-guided rays sampling strategy that attends to the informative textured regions with large color variations, and the implicit network gets a better reconstruction, compared with the original uniform ray sampling strategy. Experiments show that our P$^2$SDF achieves competitive reconstruction performance in Manhattan scenes. Further, as we do not introduce any additional room layout assumption, our P$^2$SDF generalizes well to the reconstruction of non-Manhattan scenes.

BACKGROUND: Computer-aided diagnosis in low-dose (≤ 3 mSv) computed tomography (CT) is a potential screening tool for lung nodules, with quality interpretation and less inter-observer variability among readers. Therefore, we aimed to determine the screening potential of CT using a radiation dose that does not exceed 2 mSv. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the diagnostic parameters of low-dose (< 2 mSv) CT interpretation results using a computer-aided diagnosis system for lung cancer screening with those of a conventional reading system used by radiologists. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a comparative study of chest CT images for lung cancer screening at three private institutions. METHODS: A database of low-dose (< 2 mSv) chest CT images of patients at risk of lung cancer was viewed with the conventional reading system (301 patients and 226 nodules) or computer-aided diagnosis system without any subsequent radiologist review (944 patients and 1,048 nodules). RESULTS: The numbers of detected and solid nodules per patient (both P < 0.0001) were higher using the computer-aided diagnosis system than those using the conventional reading system. The nodule size was reported as the maximum size in any plane in the computer-aided diagnosis system. Higher numbers of patients (102 [11%] versus 20 [7%], P = 0.0345) and nodules (154 [15%] versus 17 [8%], P = 0.0035) were diagnosed with cancer using the computer-aided diagnosis system. CONCLUSIONS: The computer-aided diagnosis system facilitates the diagnosis of cancerous nodules, especially solid nodules, in low-dose (< 2 mSv) CT among patients at risk for lung cancer.

BackgroundTraditional epidemiological studies suggested that Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) might correlate with stroke. We intend to explore whether the two most common neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD)] are causally associated with stroke and its subtypes.MethodsTwo-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) method was used to explore the causal relationships. Candidate genetic instrumental variables (IVs) for AD and PD were collected from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary method of MR analysis, and the weighted median method was supplementary. In addition, the MR-Egger method and the MR-PRESSO test were used as well.ResultsWe found no causal effects of AD on stroke, Ischemic stroke (IS), or Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). As for PD and stroke, our preliminary results showed PD could causally influence the risk of stroke [odds ratio (OR): 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.07; P = 0.001 by the IVW method], although the alternative method did not support this result. We identified the positive causal relationship between PD and the risk of IS (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07; P = 0.001 by the IVW method), and the alternative MR methods produced similar results. The present study found there was no causal relationship between PD and ICH.ConclusionThis study found a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to PD and the incidence of stroke (especially IS) in the European population; however, there was no causal relation between AD and stroke risk.

Marine ecosystem is increasingly deteriorating. In order to assess anthropogenic influence and instigate appropriate remedial actions, it is still of great significance to develop the technology of sensors applied for nutrient detection (e.g., nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) in seawater. This brief review shows an important direction for the development of nutrient detection sensors in seawater and also the limitations and challenges based on data from the ISI Web of Science database. Being different from previous review papers, in this short critical review paper (1) we unified the unit of limit of detection (LOD) for making the comparison within different researches possible; (2) only the literatures focusing on the technological development of sensors in seawater were used; and (3) not only the detection methods but also the detected analytes and publication years were discussed to supply more valuable information for the development of nutrient sensors applied in seawater. In total, 109 literatures were collected with regard to technological development. The quantity of literatures has increased most during 2011-2020. For analytes, literatures related to nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, and phosphate will continue to increase with more accurate data. For detection methods, spectrophotometry, colorimetry, fluorimetry, and electrochemistry are the most widely used sensors. LODs show thousands of orders. In general, there are lower LOD to nitrite and ammonium and fluorimetry method. Now, for analytes, nitrate 1.0983>silicate 0.5495>phosphate 0.4823>ammonium 0.1324>nitrite 0.0568. For detection methods, microfluidics 1.7617>electrochemistry 1.2607>colorimetry 0.4462>spectrophotometry 0.2941>fluorimetry 0.0558. This result indicated that the development level of detection methods is closer for nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate. For ammonium, spectrophotometry has significantly lower LOD than electrochemistry (p

The design and development of efficient emitters for deep-blue OLEDs with CIEy < 0.10 remains a challenge. A new series of tetracoordinated difluoroboron (BF2)-enabled thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials with D–A-BF2-type and D–π–A-BF2-type frameworks for sky-blue to deep-blue emitters were designed and developed. The emission colors could be effectively tuned through regulating the degree of conjugation between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) by simply introducing a methyl group into the phenyl ring to adjust the molecular geometries and change the acceptor moieties, which were strongly supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical studies. All the tetracoordinated difluoroboron TADF emitters are air-stable and insensitive to moisture, and they are strongly emissive in degassed toluene peaking at 435–471 nm with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQYs) of 94–99%. The BF2-MPCz-doped sky-blue OLED demonstrated a peak EQE of 13.8% with a Lmax value of 20853 cd m−2 and CIE coordinates of (0.175, 0.354), and the BF2-DMCz-doped deep-blue OLED achieved a peak EQE of 8.4% with CIE coordinates of (0.149, 0.083). This indicates that the BF2-enabled TADF materials can act as efficient emitters for the fabrication of sky-blue to deep-blue OLEDs.

Although soil bioengineering is increasingly used worldwide, the measures being used today are still based on an empirical approach. Most of the existing literature has primarily focused on mechanical soil reinforcement provided by plant roots and the search for available indigenous plant species, whereas wooden structures and aboveground habitat improvements have been poorly addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, it is of great importance to identify and replicate the most durable structural forms and parameters of bioengineering measures, especially during the initial phase of plant colonization. This paper mainly presents an evaluation of the effect of time (restoration ages), structural forms and structural parameters (materials and construction standards) on wooden structural durability and aboveground habitat improvements using soil bioengineering measures in agricultural areas. The results indicate that the wooden structural durability declines over time, and can be impacted by restoration ages, structural forms and structural parameters, whereas, aboveground habitat improvements measures show a positive response to restoration ages and structural parameters. The wooden structural form with multi-row timber piles (e.g., TTP) and structural parameter (e.g., Project A) was significantly more durable than were others. A temporary warning value (restoration age 7, seven years after the completion of the project) for the reconstruction of tilted timber piles is proposed, and two approaches are proposed regarding higher survival rate at restoration age one. The structural parameters of Project A showed a significantly better affect only for plant height from restoration age 6 to restoration age 9, and significantly higher amphibian abundance within the same restoration age, which means the measure of A may provide a better habitat than that of B. These results confirm the efficacy of this type of streambank soil bioengineering measure in agricultural areas and indicate its future application, and raise practical and scientific issues regarding structural durability and aboveground ecological restoration for management as well as for studies related to design improvement.

The assumption of constant reservoir permeability is not strictly applicable to reservoirs where rock properties undergo changes, such as stress-sensitive porous media. Most researches on the permeability stress sensitivity mainly concentrated on experimental approach, physical modeling or pressure transient analysis, whereas rate transient analysis does not attract much attention. Based on source/sink function method, this paper develops a seepage model of multi-fractured horizontal well incorporating stress-sensitive permeability. The model is semi-analytically solved by fracture discretization, Pedrosa’s transformation, perturbation theory, and integration transformation method. Not only pressure transient analysis, but also rate transient analysis is separately performed with relevant parameters. The model presented here can provide some insights into well dynamic forecasting during exploiting such reservoirs, and contribute to establish the theoretical basic for transient analysis efficiently.

The occupational profiling system driven by the traditional survey method has some shortcomings such as lag in updating, time consumption and laborious revision. It is necessary to refine and improve the traditional occupational portrait system through dynamic occupational information. Under the circumstances of big data, this paper showed the feasibility of vocational portraits driven by job advertisements with data analysis and processing engineering technicians (DAPET) as an example. First, according to the description of occupation in the Chinese Occupation Classification Grand Dictionary, a text similarity algorithm was used to preliminarily choose recruitment data with high similarity. Second, Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification (TextCNN) was used to further classify the preliminary corpus to obtain a precise occupational dataset. Third, the specialty and skill were taken as named entities that were automatically extracted by the named entity recognition technology. Finally, putting the extracted entities into the occupational dataset, the occupation characteristics of multiple dimensions were depicted to form a profile of the vocation.

Water is essential for every life living on the planet. However, we are facing a more serious situation such as water pollution since the industrial revolution. Fortunately, many efforts have been done to alleviate/restore water quality in freshwaters. Numerous sensors have been developed to monitor the dynamic change of water quality for ecological, early warning, and protection reasons. In the present review, we briefly introduced the pollution status of two major pollutants, i.e., pesticides and heavy metals, in freshwaters worldwide. Then, we collected data on the sensors applied to detect the two categories of pollutants in freshwaters. Special focuses were given on the sensitivity of sensors indicated by the limit of detection (LOD), sensor types, and applied waterbodies. Our results showed that most of the sensors can be applied for stream and river water. The average LOD was 72.53±12.69 ng/ml (n=180) for all pesticides, which is significantly higher than that for heavy metals (65.36±47.51 ng/ml, n=117). However, the LODs of a considerable part of pesticides and heavy metal sensors were higher than the criterion maximum concentration for aquatic life or the maximum contaminant limit concentration for drinking water. For pesticide sensors, the average LODs did not differ among insecticides (63.83±17.42 ng/ml, n=87), herbicides (98.06±23.39 ng/ml, n=71), and fungicides (24.60±14.41 ng/ml, n=22). The LODs that differed among sensor types with biosensors had the highest sensitivity, while electrochemical optical and biooptical sensors showed the lowest sensitivity. The sensitivity of heavy metal sensors varied among heavy metals and sensor types. Most of the sensors were targeted on lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper using electrochemical methods. These results imply that future development of pesticides and heavy metal sensors should (1) enhance the sensitivity to meet the requirements for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health and (2) cover more diverse pesticides and heavy metals especially those toxic pollutants that are widely used and frequently been detected in freshwaters (e.g., glyphosate, fungicides, zinc, chromium, and arsenic).

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, the application environment of data information is becoming more and more complex. How to prevent the leakage of sensitive data has become an urgent practical problem to be solved in the field of information security. In this situation, data leakage protection (DLP) technology emerges, its aim is to protect sensitive data in all directions and to establish a security protection mechanism covering the whole data life cycle. Starting from the research background and basic concepts of data leakage protection, this paper reviews and summarizes the current research status and development trend of data leakage protection technology.

In low-permeability tight reservoirs, the natural gas transient flow is affected by multi-factor including stress-sensitivity, threshold pressure gradient, or both. This paper aims to synthetically study transient pressure response as well as transient rate behavior of a multi-fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs. With the new mathematics model, the flow characteristics coupled with such multi-factor can be described. The new composite seepage model of a line-sink incorporating both stress-sensitive permeability and threshold pressure gradient was established. Employing fractures discretization and superposition principle yielded the final model of a multi-fractured horizontal well. The model was semi-analytically solved by Pedrosa's transformation, perturbation theory, and integration transformation method. Not only pressure transient analysis, but also rate transient analysis are separately performed with relevant parameters. A total of six flow periods can be divided according to the same standard of time stages for pressure type curves and rate type curves. It is found that stress-sensitivity results in upward tendencies in both of pressure and rate derivative curves reflecting larger pressure drop during intermediate and late flow regimes; threshold pressure gradient leads to more difficult fluid flow acting a steeper upwarping on pressure curve and downwarping on production rate curve. Finally the variation trend of the corresponding curve will be more apparent under the combined impact of stress-sensitivity and threshold pressure gradient. The research of this paper can provide some insights into well dynamic forecasting during exploiting such reservoirs, and contribute to establish the theoretical basic for transient analysis efficiently.

The assumption of constant permeability is not strictly applicable to porous media where rock properties undergo changes, such as stress-sensitive gas reservoirs. This study developed a hydromechanics model of a horizontal well in dual-porosity media considering the stress-sensitivity effect. The solution methods include variable substitution, perturbation technique, Laplace transformation, Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue theory, orthogonal transformation and numerical inversion. The results showed that the production rate decreases with the increasing of permeability modulus and the derivative curve will be warped up during the whole system late radial flow stage. The research has both theoretical and practical significance in predicting production performance and evaluating underground fluid transport in such formations.

This design proposes a low-cost node solution based on the Wi-Fi wireless sensor network. It aims to solve the problem of the popularity of smart homes due to high costs in real life and is suitable for applications in the smart home field. This solution saves cost, uses SOC solution, and has few peripheral circuits. Nodemcu is used to collect sensor data directly, which saves a separate main control chip, thereby further reducing costs. Various hardware interfaces are provided to facilitate the expansion of different types of sensor functions. The hardware of different functional nodes is designed, and the data is uploaded to a back-end server. Based on the software processing, the data between different nodes is aggregated and uploaded to the cloud platform for display to achieve remote access and control.

Ever-changing shooting conditions, such as altered ambient lighting, visual angle and live scene, impact image quality remarkably. Tuning camera parameters may relieve unwanted impacts to some extent, but generally the tuning is a trial and error process, which is boring and time-consuming, especially when being carried out manually, due to the numerous possible value and combination of many different parameters therein. In this paper, we propose a human-simulated camera parameters tuning method called Bisection and Shift Camera Parameters Tuning (BSCPT), which keeps tracking varied shooting conditions and implements a smart and swift parameters tuning for digital cameras so as to make the image quality as stable as possible. The experiments show that BSCPT remedies adverse conditions effectively, reaching optimal parameters setting in real-time image acquisition.

Dynamic numerical simulation of the spreading of detonation wave was made by use of the explicit dynamic finite element analysis program. The results of numerical simulation are in agreement with physical phenomena and laws of spreading of detonation wave. The study indicates that the calculation model and simulation method are reasonable and feasible. The volume of electronic sensor both at home and abroad is so large that it is difficult to arrange sensing elements in perforating gun. As a result, three-dimensional wave can't be measured. So we approximately substitute the relationship between the mean gun pressure and time. Taking advantage of this measuring method, gun pressure of other styles can be estimated. This is a very valuable method, and may be used for reference to manufacture and scientific research of perforating gun.

A structural design method on elastic-plastic strength analysis of perforating guns of oil and gas wells was developed in this paper. The current engineering Finite Element Method (FEM) software was used for the analysis. Gun 102 (with 102mm OD), made of alloy steel 30CrMo double-treated with 8mm wall thickness was chosen to analyze actually with this method. Considerable plastic deformation accumulates during normal working load. And the plastic deformation still continues till the load drops to some level lower than the maximum after the maximum load, which is shown by the plastic deformation history diagram. It is feasible to design the thickness of the wall of the perforating gun based on this structural design method by elastic-plastic analysis. As a result, reducing accidents of seizing-up gun can come true.

In this paper introduce spared spectrum technology into ultrasonic imaging. Analyze how to modulate ultrasonic with the spread spectrum technology, introduce imagining restoration method, and then use this technology to detective the structure of five mine wells. Firstly, use pseudorandom codes to modulate ultrasonic signal before it is sent out, and then demodulate echo to obtain the time difference. Secondly, apply gradual linear iterative method and QR decomposition of least squares method to restore image. Analyze the image with computer we can obtain the structure of objects. Experiment verified introduce spared spectrum technology into ultrasonic imaging can improve the resolution and accuracy.