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Breaking safety constraints in control systems can lead to potential risks, resulting in unexpected costs or catastrophic damage. Nevertheless, uncertainty is ubiquitous, even among similar tasks. In this paper, we develop a novel adaptive safe control framework that integrates meta learning, Bayesian models, and control barrier function (CBF) method. Specifically, with the help of CBF method, we learn the inherent and external uncertainties by a unified adaptive Bayesian linear regression (ABLR) model, which consists of a forward neural network (NN) and a Bayesian output layer. Meta learning techniques are leveraged to pre-train the NN weights and priors of the ABLR model using data collected from historical similar tasks. For a new control task, we refine the meta-learned models using a few samples, and introduce pessimistic confidence bounds into CBF constraints to ensure safe control. Moreover, we provide theoretical criteria to guarantee probabilistic safety during the control processes. To validate our approach, we conduct comparative experiments in various obstacle avoidance scenarios. The results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improves the Bayesian model-based CBF method, and is capable for efficient safe exploration even with multiple uncertain constraints.

青岛连三岛地区原划为古元古界荆山岩群中出露各类片岩、片麻岩。本文在前人研究的基础上，对连三岛地区出露的含榴黑云母斜长片麻岩、含榴云母片岩和含榴黑云母钾长片麻岩，进行详细的岩相学和矿物化学研究，确定其变质温压条件及其P-T演化轨迹，并采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年，获得了3个样品的原岩时代和变质时代，为全面深入认识其变质属性提供了进一步的重要依据。根据岩相学和矿物化学成分可以识别出两期矿物组合：第一期（峰期变质阶段）为Grt1+Kfs+Aln+Ph+Qtz；第二期（退变质阶段）为Grt2+Pl+Ep+Bt+Qtz；依据多硅白云母Si压力计、锆石Ti温度计以及GB-GBPQ矿物温压计，确定其峰期变质和退变质的温压条件分别为T=600~817℃、P=2.4~2.6GPa和T=431~456℃、P=0.48~0.82GPa。结合白云母部分熔融现象，上述两个变质阶段构成了一个折返早期升温降压，后穿过多硅白云母熔融反应线，最后降温降压的顺时针型演化的P-T轨迹。CL图像显示3个样品的锆石均具有典型的岩浆核-变质边结构；结合LA-ICP-MS锆石原位微区U-Pb定年和微量元素分析，3个样品分别获得了769~756Ma、~223Ma和213~216Ma三组年龄，分别与苏鲁造山带其他高压-超高压变质岩的新元古代原岩时代（700~800Ma）、峰期变质时代（240~225Ma）和角闪岩相退变质时代（215~205Ma）一致。对样品含榴黑云母斜长片麻岩（17LSD-1）和含榴云母片岩（18LSD-2）进行锆石Hf同位素分析，获得样品17LSD-1的eHf（t）=-23.2~2.8、tDM2C（Hf）=1712~2845Ma，表明其原岩主要来源于古元古代陆壳重熔；样品18LSD-2的eHf（t）=-13.9~8.6、tDM2C（Hf）=1113~2358Ma，表明样品形成时壳源物质成分占主导地位，同时部分幔源或新生地壳物质的加入，导致少部分eHf（t）偏正值。Hf同位素结果表明连三岛变质岩原岩的形成与扬子板块新太古代-早古元古代的陆壳重熔有关。对比前人的相关数据，无论是原岩时代、变质年龄还是变质演化特征，本文研究的连三岛地区片岩/片麻岩与苏鲁造山带的部分变质岩均具有相似的原岩属性和变质属性，因此推断其应归属为苏鲁超高压变质带的一部分，是三叠纪扬子板块向华北板块俯冲碰撞引发的高压-超高压变质事件的产物，不应再作为岩石地层单元划归为'荆山岩群'。

This paper introduced Helbing’s social force model, modified it with game theory. Then how individuals in the space behave in dynamic non-cooperative games was described, different macro grouping characteristics were obtained. Individual behaviours at the micro level were simulated. Setting different parameters and conditions of the model, the macro effects of individual behaviours were observed. The overall behaviour of the system was studied. It could be used to guide the allocation of public resources.

Reconstructing system-level behavior from silicon traces is a critical problem in post-silicon validation of System-on-Chip designs. Current industrial practice in this area is primarily manual, depending on collaborative insights of the architects, designers, and validators. This paper presents a trace analysis approach that exploits architectural models of the system-level protocols to reconstruct design behavior from partially observed silicon traces in the presence of ambiguous and noisy data. The output of the approach is a set of all potential interpretations of a system's internal executions abstracted to the system-level protocols. To support the trace analysis approach, a companion trace signal selection framework guided by system-level protocols is also presented, and its impacts on the complexity and accuracy of the analysis approach are discussed. That approach and the framework have been evaluated on a multi-core system-on-chip prototype that implements a set of common industrial system-level protocols.

In this article, we report the rapid and facile synthesis of chiral 3‐methyl‐2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofurans. This reaction utilizes cheap and easily available starting materials. A domino hydrolysis and intramolecular Michael‐type ring closure reaction was the key step. As a result, synthesis of the desired 3‐methyl‐2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofurans could be achieved in gram‐scale over seven linear steps with high chemical yield and high diastereoselectivity.

Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis are two conifer species located in southern China, which are of both economic and ornamental value. Around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, P. massoniana occurs mainly at altitudes below 700 m, while P. hwangshanensis can be found above 900 m. At altitudes where the distribution of both pines overlaps, a natural introgression hybrid exists, which we will further refer to as the Z pine. This pine has a morphological character that shares attributes of both P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis. However, compared to the other two pines, its reproductive structure, the pinecone, has an ultra-low ripening rate with seeds that germinate poorly. In this study, we aimed to find the reason for the impaired cone maturation by comparing transcriptome libraries of P. massoniana and Z pine cones at seven successive growth stages. After sequencing and assembly, we obtained unigenes and then annotated them against NCBI&rsquo, s non-redundant nucleotide and protein sequences, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology databases. Gene expression levels were estimated and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two pines were mined and analyzed. We found that several of them indeed relate to reproductive process. At every growth stage, these genes are expressed at a higher level in P. massoniana than in the Z pine. These data provide insight into understanding which molecular mechanisms are altered between P. massoniana and the Z pine that might cause changes in the reproductive process.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) for aflatoxins M1 (ATM1) in milk using magnetic Fe3O4-graphene oxides (Fe-GO) as the absorbent and antibody-labeled cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) as the signal tag is presented. Firstly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were immobilized on GO to fabricate the magnetic nanocomposites, which were used as absorbent to ATM1. Secondly, aflatoxin M1 antibody (primary antibody, ATM1 Ab1), was attached to the surface of the CdTe QDs-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite to form the signal tag (ATM1 Ab1/CdTe-CNT). The above materials were characterized. The optimal experimental conditions were obtained. Thirdly, Fe-GO was employed for extraction of ATM1 in milk. Results indicated that it can adsorb ATM1 efficiently and selectively within a large extent of pH from 3.0 to 8.0. Adsorption processes reached 95% of the equilibrium within 10 min. Lastly, the ATM1 with a serial of concentrations absorbed on Fe-GO was conjugated with ATM1 Ab1/CdTe-CNT signal tag based on sandwich immunoassay. The immunocomplex can emit a strong ECL signal whose intensity depended linearly on the logarithm of ATM1 concentration from 1.0 to 1.0 × 10(5) pg/mL, with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.3 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The method was more sensitive for ATM1 detection compared to the ELISA method. Finally, ten samples of milk were tested based on the immunoassay. The method is fast and requires very little sample preparation, which was suitable for high-throughput screening of mycotoxins in food.