Search

Long-term potentiation and depression of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission (NMDAR LTP/LTD) can significantly impact synapse function and information transfer in several brain areas. However, the mechanisms that determine the direction of NMDAR plasticity are poorly understood. Here, using physiologically relevant patterns of presynaptic and postsynaptic burst activities, whole-cell patch clamp recordings, 2-photon laser calcium imaging in acute rat hippocampal slices and immunoelectron microscopy, we tested whether distinct calcium dynamics and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (I-mGluR) subtypes control the sign of NMDAR plasticity. We found that postsynaptic calcium transients (CaTs) in response to hippocampal MF stimulation were significantly larger during the induction of NMDAR-LTP compared to NMDAR-LTD at the MF-to-CA3 pyramidal cell (MF-CA3) synapse. This difference was abolished by pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 and was significantly reduced by depletion of intracellular calcium stores, whereas blocking mGluR1 had no effect on these CaTs. In addition, we discovered that MF to hilar mossy cell (MF-MC) synapses, which share several structural and functional commonalities with MF-CA3 synapses, also undergoes NMDAR plasticity. To our surprise, however, we found that the postsynaptic distribution of I-mGluR subtypes at these two synapses differ, and the same induction protocol that induces NMDAR-LTD at MF-CA3 synapses, only triggered NMDAR-LTP at MF-MC synapses, despite a comparable calcium dynamics. Thus, postsynaptic calcium dynamics alone cannot predict the sign of NMDAR plasticity, indicating that both postsynaptic calcium rise and the relative contribution of I-mGluR subtypes likely determine the learning rules of NMDAR plasticity. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), R01-NS113600, R01-MH125772, R01-MH116673, and R01-MH081935 to PC, and by The Basque Government (IT1620-22), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD21/0009/0006), and Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-107548RB-I00) to PG.

Silica crystals are potent activators of the inflammasome that cause a fibrotic lung disease, called silicosis, with no effective treatment available. We report here that injection of silica crystals into the hindbrain ventricle of zebrafish embryos led to the initiation of local and systemic immune responses driven through both Toll-like receptors (TLR)- and inflammasome-dependent signaling pathways, followed by induction of pro-fibrotic markers. Genetic and pharmacological analysis revealed that the Nlrp3 inflammasome regulated silica crystal-induced inflammation and pyroptotic cell death, but not emergency myelopoiesis. In addition, Cxcl8a/Cxcr2-dependent recruitment of myeloid cells to silica crystals was required to promote emergency myelopoiesis and systemic inflammation. The zebrafish model of silicosis developed here shed light onto the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the immune system by silica crystals. Raw data.&nbsp

Compendio de las comunicaciones orales y pósters presentados por los estudiantes de Ciencias, Agronomía, Ingeniería y Biotecnología en el XIV Congreso de estudiantes de la Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas.

Description of Geocenamus persici n. sp. (Fig. 1���4) Measurement. See Table 1. Female. Body ventrally arcuate or C-shape after heat relaxation. Lateral field with six incisures, outer bands sometimes irregularly areolated. Under SEM, Body annuli are clearly defined and divided into blocks. Labial region dome-shaped, slightly offset with the body contour and bearing five annuli. The en face view showed a nearly hexagonal labial disc surrounded by the dorsal, ventral sectors, and amphidial apertures. Cephalic framework weak, not refractive. Stylet well-developed and robust with rounded knobs. Dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice located close to stylet base ca 1.9���2.0 ��m. Deirids lacking. Median bulb ovate with bean-shaped valve plates. Isthmus slender encircled with nerve ring. Pharyngeal basal bulb saccate, abutting intestine. Excretory pore located in the anterior region of basal pharyngeal bulb. Hemizonid 2���3 annuli long and 0���3 annuli anterior to excretory pore. Reproductive system didelphic with the ovaries outstretched having single row of oocytes. Vulva lips simple, not protuberant; epiptygma minute, double, sunken in vulval cavity under light microscope, clearly visible under SEM observation; vaginal wall thickened at anterior end. Spermatheca bilobed, spherical, offset, filled with rounded sperm cells. Tail long, cylindrical, gradually tapers to rounded, striated terminus. Anus slit like, indistinct, phasmids located in anterior one-third region of tail, ca 12% to 38% posterior to anus. Male. Common and are similar to females except for the sexual dimorphism. Gonad located on the right side of the intestine and outstretched. Body length and width observed to be shorter than the females. Reproductive system composed of anteriorly outstretched single testis. Spicule curved, 24���30 ��m long. Gubernaculum saucer shaped. Bursa encircle the entire tail. Phasmid located 20 to 40% posterior to cloaca. Type host and locality. The type specimens were extracted from the rhizosphere of the peach tree (Prunus persica L.), Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, on April 25 th, 2021. The geographical position of the sampling site is 11955'51" E; 3048'46" N. Etymology. The species was found in association with the peach tree (Prunus persica), hence the specific epithet is derived from the scientific name of the host. Type-material. Holotype female, 15 females, and 15 male paratypes (slide number ZJU-33-01-ZJU-33-08) were deposited in the nematode collection of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Five female and five male paratypes (slide number HZ-01-HZ-04) were deposited at the USDA nematode collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. The new species binomial has been registered in the ZooBank database (zoobank.org) under the identifier: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 653A67A4-92E5-4CA8-BCC0-9AC5D4DFC6C3. Diagnosis and relationships. Geocenamus persici n. sp. can be characterized by females having annulated cuticle with 30���36 longitudinal striae. The lip region dome-shaped and slightly offset from the rest of the body contour. The stylet is slender, 19���22 ��m long with rounded knobs; the excretory pore is located at the anterior region of the basal pharyngeal bulb; the vulva is a transverse slit, epiptygma present; the tail is finely annulated and cylindrical having a rounded terminus; male is similar in appearance to that of female; spicule curved 24���31 ��m long, gubernaculum is saucer-shaped; bursa encircles the entire tail. Based on the similar morphology of longitudinal striae and stylet length, Geocenamus persici n. sp. is compared with G. brevicaudatus, G. chengi, G. conicaudatus Ghaderi & Karegar, 2016, G. quadrifer (Andr��ssy, 1954) Brzeski, 1991, G. rugosus (Siddiqi, 1963) Brzeski, 1991, and G. tartuensis (Krall, 1959) Brzeski, 1991. From G. brevicaudatus, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs hemispherical), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5���6), shorter stylet of female (20 (19���21) vs 22���25 ��m), longer female tail (65 (54���78) vs 25���43 ��m), more tail annuli (30���45 vs 14���20), higher c��� value (3.6 (3.1���4.7) vs 1.3���2.1), and the position of phasmids (anterior vs middle of tail). From G. chengi, it can be differentiated by fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5���6), shorter stylet of female (20 (19���21) vs 20���23 ��m), the shape of female tail (cylindrical with broadly rounded terminus vs conical, ending as bluntly pointed terminus), and shorter tail length (65 (54���78) vs 76���92 ��m), shorter hyaline terminal region of the female tail (4���5.5 vs 16���21 ��m), lower c��� value (3.6 (3.1���4.7) vs 4.6 (4.2���5.5)) and longer spicule (24���32 vs 22���25 ��m). From G. conicaudatus, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs hemispherical), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5���6), longer stylet of female (20 (19���21) vs 16.5���19.8 ��m), the shape of female tail (cylindrical with broadly rounded terminus vs conical), longer female tail (65 (54���78) vs 39���65 ��m), more tail annuli (30���45 vs 20���30), higher c��� value (3.6 (3.1���4.7) vs 2.6���3.3) and tail annulated (vs non-annulated). From G. quadrifer, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs variable), deirids absent (vs present), shorter pharynx length (130 (115���151) vs 126���183 ��m), longer female tail (65 (54���78) vs 32���49 ��m), more tail annuli (30���45 vs 17���27), higher c��� value (3.6 (3.1���4.7) vs 1.6���2.7), tail annulated (vs non-annulated), and the position of phasmids (anterior vs middle of tail). From G. rugosus, it can be differentiated by longer female body (940 (807���1103) vs 640���930 ��m), the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs variable), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5���8), shorter stylet of the female (20 (19���21) vs 20���25 ��m), shorter pharynx length (130 (115���151) vs 151���178 ��m), longer female tail (65 (54���78) vs 43���60 ��m), more tail annuli (30���45 vs 19���37), higher c��� value (3.1���4.7 vs 2.2���4.0), and tail annulated (vs non-annulated). From G. tartuensis, it can be differentiated by the labial framework (non-refractive vs refractive), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5���6), female stylet (20 (19���21) vs 18���24 ��m), shorter pharynx length (130 (115���151) vs 138���182 ��m), more tail annuli (35���45 vs 22���33), higher c��� value (3.0���4.7 vs 2.1���3.5), tail annulated (vs non-annulated), and abundant males (vs male rare). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationship. Geocenamus persici n. sp. was molecularly characterized using partial 18S rRNA, D2-D3 region of 28S rRNA, and ITS sequences. The newly obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank with the accessions numbers OL481778 ��� OL481779 for 18S, OL48174��� OL481777 for 28S, and OL481780 ��� OL481785 for ITS. All the 18S and 28S sequences of the Geocenamus persici n. sp. are identical respectively, whereas the ITS sequences showed slight intraspecific variation, i.e. 99 % similarity (0���1 bp difference). The 18S tree (Fig. 5) was constructed from 46 Merliniinae taxa with Tylenchorhynchus zeae Sethi & Swarup, 1968 (KJ461619) and Tylenchorhynchus microphasmis Loof, 1960 (AY593903) as outgroup species. Geocenamus persici n. sp. clustered with G. chengi (MN983268 ��� MN983270) and G. quadrifer (AY993977, AY284599), whereas the other members of subfamily Merliniinae arranged in separate clades with relatively independent interspecific relationships. The alignment of D2-D3 region of 28S rDNA sequences contained 51 sequences including the sequences from outgroup taxa Coslenchus costatus (de Man) Siddiqi, 1978, Tylenchorhynchus ventrosignatus Tobar-Jimnez, 1969 (MT089940) and Tylenchorhynchus mediterraneus Handoo, Palomares-Rius, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Liebanas, Subbotin & Castillo, 2014 (KU517198) (Fig. 6). In this tree, the new species grouped with G. chengi (MN983258 ��� MN983260) and G. vietnamensis Nguyen, Linh-Le, Nguyen, Liebanas, Duong-Nguyen & Trinh, 2019 (MH191361) forming a well-supported molecular clade. In the ITS tree (Fig. 7), this new species clade occupies basal position and exhibits a sister relationship with G. chengi (MN983263 ��� MN983264, MN983267) and G. vietnamensis (MH191362). In all the trees, Geocenamus persici n. sp. appeared as a unique species and showed a sister relationship with G. chengi but with significant morphological differences. The sequence identities of the new species with G. chengi are 98% (34 nucleotides, 16 indels differences) for 18S, 98% (12 nucleotides, 2 indels differences) for 28S, and 95% for ITS (32 nucleotides, 5 indels differences)., Published as part of Zhang, Chenying, Munawar, Maria, Castillo, Pablo, Han, Shaojie & Zheng, Jingwu, 2022, Morphological and molecular characterization of Geocenamus persici n. sp. (Nematoda: Merliniinae) from China, pp. 585-599 in Zootaxa 5100 (4) on pages 587-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6225118, {"references":["Ghaderi, R. & Karegar, A. (2016) One new and three known species of Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968 (Nematoda: Merliniidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4079 (2), 151 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.2.1","Andrassy, I. (1954) Drei neue Arten aus der Superfamilies Tylenchoidea. Nematologische Notizen 3. Annales Biologicae Universitatum Hungariae, 2, 9 - 15.","Brzeski, M. W. (1991) Taxonomy of Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968 (Nemata: Belonolaimida). Nematologica, 37, 125 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529291 X 00169","Siddiqi, M. R. (1963) Four new species in the subfamily Tylenchinae (Nematoda) from north India. Zeitscrift fur Parasitenkunde, 23, 397 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00331239","Krall, E. L. (1959) New and rare nematodes (Nematoda, Tylenchida) with description of hermaphroditism in the genus Aphelenchoides. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Estonia, SSR, 8, 190 - 197.","Sethi, C. L. & Swarup, G. (1968) Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Northwestern India. I. The genus Tylenchorhynchus. Nematologica, 14, 77 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529268 X 00660","Loof, P. A. A. (1960) Miscellaneous notes on the genus Tylenchorhynchus (Tylenchinae: Nematoda). Nematologica, 4, 294 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529259 X 00507","Siddiqi, M. R. (1978) The unusual position of the phasmids in Coslenchus costatus (de man, 1921) gen. n. comb. n. and other Tylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Nematologica, 24, 449 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529278 X 00597","Nguyen, H. T., Linh-Le, T. M., Nguyen, T. H., Liebanas, G., Duong-Nguyen, T. A. & Trinh, Q. P. (2019) Description of Geocenamus vietnamensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Merliniidae) from Vietnam. Journal of Nematology, 51, (e 2019 - 25), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.21307 / jofnem- 2019 - 025"]}

Description of Geocenamus persici n. sp. (Fig. 1−4) Measurement. See Table 1. Female. Body ventrally arcuate or C-shape after heat relaxation. Lateral field with six incisures, outer bands sometimes irregularly areolated. Under SEM, Body annuli are clearly defined and divided into blocks. Labial region dome-shaped, slightly offset with the body contour and bearing five annuli. The en face view showed a nearly hexagonal labial disc surrounded by the dorsal, ventral sectors, and amphidial apertures. Cephalic framework weak, not refractive. Stylet well-developed and robust with rounded knobs. Dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice located close to stylet base ca 1.9–2.0 µm. Deirids lacking. Median bulb ovate with bean-shaped valve plates. Isthmus slender encircled with nerve ring. Pharyngeal basal bulb saccate, abutting intestine. Excretory pore located in the anterior region of basal pharyngeal bulb. Hemizonid 2–3 annuli long and 0–3 annuli anterior to excretory pore. Reproductive system didelphic with the ovaries outstretched having single row of oocytes. Vulva lips simple, not protuberant; epiptygma minute, double, sunken in vulval cavity under light microscope, clearly visible under SEM observation; vaginal wall thickened at anterior end. Spermatheca bilobed, spherical, offset, filled with rounded sperm cells. Tail long, cylindrical, gradually tapers to rounded, striated terminus. Anus slit like, indistinct, phasmids located in anterior one-third region of tail, ca 12% to 38% posterior to anus. Male. Common and are similar to females except for the sexual dimorphism. Gonad located on the right side of the intestine and outstretched. Body length and width observed to be shorter than the females. Reproductive system composed of anteriorly outstretched single testis. Spicule curved, 24–30 μm long. Gubernaculum saucer shaped. Bursa encircle the entire tail. Phasmid located 20 to 40% posterior to cloaca. Type host and locality. The type specimens were extracted from the rhizosphere of the peach tree (Prunus persica L.), Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, on April 25 th, 2021. The geographical position of the sampling site is 11955'51" E; 3048'46" N. Etymology. The species was found in association with the peach tree (Prunus persica), hence the specific epithet is derived from the scientific name of the host. Type-material. Holotype female, 15 females, and 15 male paratypes (slide number ZJU-33-01-ZJU-33-08) were deposited in the nematode collection of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Five female and five male paratypes (slide number HZ-01-HZ-04) were deposited at the USDA nematode collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. The new species binomial has been registered in the ZooBank database (zoobank.org) under the identifier: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 653A67A4-92E5-4CA8-BCC0-9AC5D4DFC6C3. Diagnosis and relationships. Geocenamus persici n. sp. can be characterized by females having annulated cuticle with 30−36 longitudinal striae. The lip region dome-shaped and slightly offset from the rest of the body contour. The stylet is slender, 19–22 μm long with rounded knobs; the excretory pore is located at the anterior region of the basal pharyngeal bulb; the vulva is a transverse slit, epiptygma present; the tail is finely annulated and cylindrical having a rounded terminus; male is similar in appearance to that of female; spicule curved 24–31 μm long, gubernaculum is saucer-shaped; bursa encircles the entire tail. Based on the similar morphology of longitudinal striae and stylet length, Geocenamus persici n. sp. is compared with G. brevicaudatus, G. chengi, G. conicaudatus Ghaderi & Karegar, 2016, G. quadrifer (Andrássy, 1954) Brzeski, 1991, G. rugosus (Siddiqi, 1963) Brzeski, 1991, and G. tartuensis (Krall, 1959) Brzeski, 1991. From G. brevicaudatus, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs hemispherical), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5–6), shorter stylet of female (20 (19–21) vs 22–25 μm), longer female tail (65 (54–78) vs 25–43 μm), more tail annuli (30–45 vs 14–20), higher c’ value (3.6 (3.1–4.7) vs 1.3–2.1), and the position of phasmids (anterior vs middle of tail). From G. chengi, it can be differentiated by fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5–6), shorter stylet of female (20 (19–21) vs 20–23 μm), the shape of female tail (cylindrical with broadly rounded terminus vs conical, ending as bluntly pointed terminus), and shorter tail length (65 (54–78) vs 76–92 μm), shorter hyaline terminal region of the female tail (4–5.5 vs 16–21 μm), lower c’ value (3.6 (3.1–4.7) vs 4.6 (4.2–5.5)) and longer spicule (24–32 vs 22–25 μm). From G. conicaudatus, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs hemispherical), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5–6), longer stylet of female (20 (19–21) vs 16.5–19.8 μm), the shape of female tail (cylindrical with broadly rounded terminus vs conical), longer female tail (65 (54–78) vs 39–65 μm), more tail annuli (30–45 vs 20–30), higher c’ value (3.6 (3.1–4.7) vs 2.6–3.3) and tail annulated (vs non-annulated). From G. quadrifer, it can be differentiated by the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs variable), deirids absent (vs present), shorter pharynx length (130 (115–151) vs 126–183 μm), longer female tail (65 (54–78) vs 32–49 μm), more tail annuli (30–45 vs 17–27), higher c’ value (3.6 (3.1–4.7) vs 1.6–2.7), tail annulated (vs non-annulated), and the position of phasmids (anterior vs middle of tail). From G. rugosus, it can be differentiated by longer female body (940 (807–1103) vs 640–930 μm), the shape of lip region (dome-shaped vs variable), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5–8), shorter stylet of the female (20 (19–21) vs 20–25 μm), shorter pharynx length (130 (115–151) vs 151–178 μm), longer female tail (65 (54–78) vs 43–60 μm), more tail annuli (30–45 vs 19–37), higher c’ value (3.1–4.7 vs 2.2–4.0), and tail annulated (vs non-annulated). From G. tartuensis, it can be differentiated by the labial framework (non-refractive vs refractive), fewer lip annuli (5 vs 5–6), female stylet (20 (19–21) vs 18–24 μm), shorter pharynx length (130 (115–151) vs 138–182 μm), more tail annuli (35–45 vs 22–33), higher c’ value (3.0–4.7 vs 2.1–3.5), tail annulated (vs non-annulated), and abundant males (vs male rare). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationship. Geocenamus persici n. sp. was molecularly characterized using partial 18S rRNA, D2-D3 region of 28S rRNA, and ITS sequences. The newly obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank with the accessions numbers OL481778 – OL481779 for 18S, OL48174– OL481777 for 28S, and OL481780 – OL481785 for ITS. All the 18S and 28S sequences of the Geocenamus persici n. sp. are identical respectively, whereas the ITS sequences showed slight intraspecific variation, i.e. 99 % similarity (0–1 bp difference). The 18S tree (Fig. 5) was constructed from 46 Merliniinae taxa with Tylenchorhynchus zeae Sethi & Swarup, 1968 (KJ461619) and Tylenchorhynchus microphasmis Loof, 1960 (AY593903) as outgroup species. Geocenamus persici n. sp. clustered with G. chengi (MN983268 – MN983270) and G. quadrifer (AY993977, AY284599), whereas the other members of subfamily Merliniinae arranged in separate clades with relatively independent interspecific relationships. The alignment of D2-D3 region of 28S rDNA sequences contained 51 sequences including the sequences from outgroup taxa Coslenchus costatus (de Man) Siddiqi, 1978, Tylenchorhynchus ventrosignatus Tobar-Jimnez, 1969 (MT089940) and Tylenchorhynchus mediterraneus Handoo, Palomares-Rius, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Liebanas, Subbotin & Castillo, 2014 (KU517198) (Fig. 6). In this tree, the new species grouped with G. chengi (MN983258 − MN983260) and G. vietnamensis Nguyen, Linh-Le, Nguyen, Liebanas, Duong-Nguyen & Trinh, 2019 (MH191361) forming a well-supported molecular clade. In the ITS tree (Fig. 7), this new species clade occupies basal position and exhibits a sister relationship with G. chengi (MN983263 – MN983264, MN983267) and G. vietnamensis (MH191362). In all the trees, Geocenamus persici n. sp. appeared as a unique species and showed a sister relationship with G. chengi but with significant morphological differences. The sequence identities of the new species with G. chengi are 98% (34 nucleotides, 16 indels differences) for 18S, 98% (12 nucleotides, 2 indels differences) for 28S, and 95% for ITS (32 nucleotides, 5 indels differences).

A population of a species of dagger nematode (Xiphinema) belonging to the non-americanum group was recovered from the fields of kola nut (Cola sp.) in southern Nigeria. The morphological and morphometric data obtained from this population were consistent with the characteristics of the species Xiphinema ifacolum. In addition, molecular identification based on D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and partial mitochondrial COI gene regions confirmed its identity. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of the species from Nigeria, and the second report from Africa, after the original description from Foulaya, Guinea.

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado busca poner de manifiesto la importancia que tiene conocer el trastorno del habla conocido como dislalia. El principal objetivo es diseñar una propuesta de intervención para una niña con dislalia funcional. Se ha diseñado una propuesta de intervención para una niña de 2º de Primaria que presenta dislalia funcional. Se plantea una metodología activa centrada en la alumna. La dislalia funcional es uno de los trastornos más habitual en las aulas y es importante conocer tanto de manera teórica como práctica qué es la dislalia y cómo se puede trabajar con ella de la manera más motivadora posible., This Final Degree Project seeks to highlight the importance of knowing the speech disorder known as dyslalia. The main objective is to design an intervention proposal for a girl with functional dyslalia. An intervention proposal has been designed for a girl from 2nd grade of Primary who presents functional dyslalia. An active methodology focused on the student is proposed. Functional dyslalia is one of the most common disorders in the classroom and it is important to know both theoretically and practically what dyslalia is and how you can work with it in the most motivating way possible., Departamento de Psicología, Grado en Educación Primaria

El presente estudio contribuye a la literatura de tres formas. Por la metodología empleada, ya que no es frecuente en los trabajos de investigación utilizar PLS para predecir la rentabilidad bancaria. Por las variables empleadas, ya que relaciona en un mismo modelo ratios contables y financieros propios de las entidades, así como ratios de los países donde tienen la sede estos bancos, para predecir la rentabilidad bancaria. Y por el período de tiempo utilizado, ya que se analiza el período (2011 – 2015), con el objetivo de analizar el impacto de las medidas tomadas a cabo en diciembre de 2010 con la implementación de la normativa Basilea III. Por último, cabría destacar que este trabajo de investigación científica propone un modelo novedoso que tiene importantes implicaciones prácticas, ya que permite cuantificar las variaciones en la rentabilidad bancaria producidas por cambios unitarios en alguno de los indicadores estudiados, por lo que permite a organismos supervisores y reguladores evaluar las implicaciones de modificaciones normativas y al gobierno corporativo de las entidades financieras tomar decisiones estratégicas en materia de eficiencia operativa, solvencia riesgo de crédito, tamaño o ubicación siendo capaz de predecir la rentabilidad bancaria. Debido a la crisis económico-financiera que se inició en 2007, se produjo la quiebra de varios grandes bancos internacionales, y esto acabó afectando no solo al sistema financiero, sino a la actividad económica mundial. Por este motivo, los gobiernos de los distintos países realizaron reformas financieras en la legislación. Estas reformas se concretaron a nivel internacional a través del acuerdo alcanzado por el Comité de Supervisión Bancaria de Basilea en diciembre de 2010, acuerdo conocido como Basilea III, que marcó la necesidad de elevar los requerimientos de capital y mejorar la cobertura de riesgos para tratar de reforzar la fortaleza y solvencia de los bancos. En este contexto, en 2011 surgieron los Bancos de Importancia Sistémica Mundial, conocidos por sus siglas en inglés G-SIB, que son una serie de entidades financieras que, debido a su gran tamaño y su interconexión con todo tipo de actividades económicas, en el caso de atravesar dificultades podrían generar problemas en la estabilidad financiera mundial. A estas entidades financieras, el acuerdo de Basilea les exige una serie de medidas adicionales al del resto de bancos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue crear un modelo que permitiera predecir la rentabilidad de los Bancos de Importancia Sistémica Mundial (G-SIB), para ello se trabajó en el modelo con los 100 mayores bancos del mundo por volumen de activos y para analizar las medidas implementadas en Basilea III se utilizó el período comprendido entre 2011 y 2015. La metodología aplicada fue la de Ecuaciones Estructurales mediante PLS (Partial Least Squares) debido a que se tenía interés en predecir la variable latente rentabilidad y en desarrollar un único modelo que relacionara las siguientes variables no observables: eficiencia operativa, riesgo de crédito, coeficiente de solvencia, tamaño y perfil macroeconómico de los países en los que tienen la sede los bancos.

RESUMEN: La investigación realizada en este trabajo consiste en un análisis estratégico de McDonald´s, la empresa líder en el sector de la comida rápida en una dimensión geográfica mundial. Por tanto, durante los cinco capítulos en los que se divide el trabajo, se estudiará detalladamente tanto la empresa como el sector en el que desarrolla su actividad, apoyándose en un análisis interno y externo que permitirá conocer que decisiones estratégicas lleva a cabo la compañía. Para el enriquecimiento de este estudio, se utilizarán diversas herramientas de análisis de la Dirección Estratégica, como el modelo de las cinco fuerzas competitivas de Porter o la matriz DAFO, las cuales permiten comprobar gráficamente las oportunidades, amenazas, fortalezas y debilidades de la empresa y diseñar estrategias sobre las mismas. Por último, tras el estudio de las estrategias competitivas de McDonald´s y tomando como punto de partida la información recabada, se finalizará el trabajo con sus pertinentes conclusiones sobre la empresa analizada. ABSTRACT: The research carried out in this work consists of a strategic analysis of McDonald's, the leading company in the fast food sector in a worldwide geographical dimension. Therefore, during the five chapters into which the work is divided, both the company and the sector in which it carries out its activity will be studied in detail, supported by an internal and external analysis that will allow us to know what strategic decisions the company carries out. For the enrichment of this study, various tools of Strategic Management analysis will be used, such as Porter's five competitive forces model or the SWOT matrix, which allow us to graphically check the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the company and to design strategies based on them. Finally, after the study of McDonald's competitive strategies and taking the information gathered as a starting point, the work will end with the relevant conclusions on the company analysed. Grado en Relaciones Laborales

El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado es el desarrollo de un sistema de detección de objetos abandonados en secuencias de vídeo. Se han estudiado los métodos existentes, eligiendo dos para su implementación y evaluación. El primero en Matlab, a partir del análisis de formas para la detección de objetos, y el segundo basado en la red YOLOv3 en Python, mejorando los resultados. Tras la detección, se incluye una etapa de seguimiento y se aplica un conjunto de reglas para determinar un abandono. Se han evaluado ambos métodos en la colección de PETS2006, permitiendo comparar y validar las propuestas., The aim of this Final Degree Thesis is the development of a system capable of detecting abandoned objects from video sequences. A theoretical analysis of the existing methods has been carried out, choosing two proposals for implementation. The first one in Matlab, base on the analysis of shapes for object detection, and the second one using YOLOv3 network in Python, what allows improving the results. After detection, a tracking stage is included and a set of rules is applied to determine an abandoned object. Both methods have been evaluated in the PETS2006 dataset, what has allowed comparing and validating both proposals., Grado en Ingeniería en Electrónica y Automática Industrial

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso Nacional Ciencias Hortícolas, celebrado en Córdoba (España) del 17 al 22 de octubre de 2021., Los patrones de las especies frutales de hueso, especies del género Prunus e híbridos entre ellas, constituyen una herramienta fundamental para el cultivo en condiciones edáficas o climáticas adversas y la presencia de agentes fitopatógenos residentes en el suelo. Entre estos últimos, los nematodos fitoparásitos son en la actualidad un factor limitante para el desarrollo de estos cultivos, y en especial, algunas especies de nematodos noduladores de raíces (Meloidogyne spp.) así como lesionadores de raíces (Pratylenchus spp.). Algunos de los patrones de Prunus más utilizados son inmunes y/o resistentes a la presencia de algunas especies de nematodos noduladores de las raíces. Sin embargo, la presencia de especies de Meloidogyne a las que no presentan resistencia o la presencia de altos niveles de otros nematodos fitoparásitos pueden suponer un elevado riesgo para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de plantaciones rentables. En este trabajo se han prospectado las principales zonas productoras de especies frutales de hueso en España, incluyendo los valles del Guadalquivir, Ebro y Júcar-Segura. El diagnóstico nematológico reveló la presencia de las principales especies de nematodos noduladores tales como M. incognita, M. javanica y M. arenaria. Además, se ha confirmado la presencia de Pratylenchus vulnus y P. penetrans, ambos patogénicos en plantaciones de Prunus. Asimismo, se han detectado elevados niveles de otros nematodos fitoparásitos como Criconemoides xenoplax, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. microlobus, Paratylenchus hamatus, P. tenuicaudatus y Xiphinema pachtaicum ., Proyecto RTI2018-095925-A-I00 del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

XV Congreso Nacional de la AEET (El valor ,de la Naturaleza para una sociedad global), 18-21 de octubre, Plasencia, Cáceres., One of the main concerns of ecologists is to understand which factors (biogeographical, physiographical, disturbance, etc.) control ecosystem structure and function. It is surprising that lithology has rarely been considered despite its potential cascading effects on resource availability and ecological conditions. The project LITHOFOR aims to shed light on the role of lithology in forest ecosystem responses to climate change by focusing on pine (Pinus pinaster), Andalusian-fir (Abies pinsapo) and cork-oak (Quercus suber) forests across the unique natural laboratory representedby the Baetic and Rif ranges (S. Spain- N.-Morocco). In the western Mediterranean-Alborán region, climate conditions shift from hyperhumid to semiarid in scarcely a hundred kilometers along West to East longitudinal gradients, and its world-wide renowned geotectonic and lithological complexity allows for abundant forest stands across contrasting lithological contacts. The project is a coordinated multidisciplinary effort of forest ecologists, plant physiologists, geologists, soil scientists, biodiversity researchers and modelers to compare forest structure and functio n among three contrasting lithologies (carbonated, metapelites and ultramafic rocks). Results illustrate that lithological types influence the shape and intensity of patterns along climatic gradients (and in respo nse to drought) for variables as stand structure, tree growth, foliar and root functional traits, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and bi ological communities composition (plants, soil nematodes and microbes). This advocates that litho/edaphological factors deserve greater attention.

41º Congreso Argentino de Horticultura (Jornadas Argentinas de Sanidad Vegetal. JASaVe), La Plata, 7-8 de octubre de 2021., En Neuquén y Rio Negro la producción frutícola tradicional se ha diversificado aumentando los emprendimientos vitivinícolas. Actualmente existen 3.417 ha en producción. Si bien las condiciones físico-químicas del suelo y clima favorecen el desarrollo del cultivo de vid, se han detectado daños por nematodos fitoparásitos que disminuyen el crecimiento y vigor de las plantas. A partir del análisis de 75 muestras de suelo y muestras de raíces de vid ingresadas al LASAF surge la necesidad de contribuir con información actualizada sobre la ocurrencia e identificación de nematodos fitoparásitos asociados a este cultivo. Se realizó la identificación molecular de cuatro poblaciones de Meloidogyne (Fernández Oro-Río Negro, Valle Azul-Río Negro, Cervantes-Río Negro y General Roca-Río Negro) y dos poblaciones de Xiphinema sp. (Río Negro). Para las poblaciones de Meloidogyne se ha secuenciado el marcador mitocondrial COII-16S rRNA y para las poblaciones de Xiphinema el marcador genómico de la región D2-D3 de la 28S rRNA y el marcador mitocondrial COI, siendo buenos marcadores moleculares para la familia Longidoridae. Los taxones encontrados y la frecuencia de ocurrencia en las muestras de suelo fueron Meloidogyne (78,7%), Pratylenchus (73,3%), Criconematidae (49,3%), Helicotylenchus (48%) y Xiphinema (38,6%). Poblaciones de Paratylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Trichodoridae y Tylenchorhynchus fueron las menos frecuentes (

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tai-10.1177_20499361211040325 for Impact of preemptive hospitalization on health outcomes at the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City: a prospective observational study by Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vazquez, Héctor Gallardo-Rincón, Julieta Lomelín-Gascon, Rodrigo Ville Benavides, Linda Morales Juárez, Héctor Herrera Bello, Lidia Moreno Castañeda, Adrian Palacios Chavarria, Pablo Escalera Castillo, Luis Esteban Ramirez Gonzalez, Mónica Arboleya Avendaño, Santiago Treviño Berlanga, Reyna Albertina Rosas Loza, Renate Victoria álvarez Wyssmann, Erika Salinas Lezama, Alonso Gutiérrez Romero, María Dolores Niembro Ortega, Liudmila Villegas Acosta, Ailyn Cendejas Schotman, Jennifer Bertin Montoya, Andrea Gonzalez Rodriguez, Laura María Badel Ramos, Luis Alberto Martinez-Juarez, Rodrigo Saucedo-Martínez, Alejandra Montoya and Roberto Tapia-Conyer in Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo disminuir las actividades que no añaden valor al producto y generan retrasos en la entrega de los pedidos de piezas industriales dentro de los plazos establecidos, esto se busca conseguir a partir de la implementación la técnica de 5S; así como, un plan de mantenimiento preventivo, garantizando de esta forma la sostenibilidad de la empresa dentro de un mercado sumamente competitivo. El alcance de las propuestas de mejora se enfocará en la fabricación de uno de los productos más representativos de la empresa, no obstante, los beneficios impactarán en toda la línea de producción, así como, en el resto de productos fabricados en el taller, ya que comparten las mismas estaciones de trabajo y maquinaria entre un producto y otro. Así mismo, se destinará el plazo de 3 meses, para la implementación de las herramientas necesarias para el desarrollo del plan piloto de 5S y plan de mantenimiento preventivo. Lo primero que se realizará será el análisis de la situación actual de la empresa, el cual partirá de la técnica de Mapa de Flujo del Valor (VSM) actual, seguido por diagrama causa-efecto, determinado las causas raíces de la problemática en la empresa, finalmente, se dará enfoque a aquellas causas seleccionadas como las más críticas. Por otro lado, identificado las principales pérdidas del proceso, se procederán a identificar las oportunidades de mejora en las que se emplearán las herramientas seleccionadas. Como consecuencia de las mejoras implementadas, se espera reducir las actividades que no agregan valor al proceso al 30% y contar con una disponibilidad de máquina del 90%; así mismo, reducir a 470 la cantidad de minutos perdidos por parada no prevista de máquina a la semana. Todo esto acompañado de un TIR > COK y un indicador Beneficio/Costo mayor a 1. The purpose of the research was to determine which activities do not add value to the product and create delays in the delivery process before its deadlines. To be able to determine this, a 5S plan will be implemented, as well as a preventive maintenance plan to the production line of the workshop, this way we will guarantee the company’s sustainability in an extremely competitive market. The proposals to improve will be focused on the manufacturing of one of the most representative products of the company; however, the benefits will impact on the whole production line as well as the remaining products give the fact that they share the same workstations, and equipment among products. Additionally, a 13-month deadline will be set to implement the necessary tools to develop the 5S plan and the preventive maintenance for the production line. First, an analysis to determine the company’s current situation will take place. Starting from a Value Stream Mapping (VSM), followed by a cause-effect diagram to determine the main causes of the company’s troublesome. Finally, after identifying the main process losses, more improvement opportunities will be identified to employ the selected tools. As a consequence of the improvements, it is expected to reduce the quantity of activities that do not add value to the process to 30% and get machine availability to 90% as the reduction of the quantity of inoperative machine hours during the year. All of the above, will be joined by TIR > COK and an indicator benefit/cost more than 1.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tai-10.1177_20499361211040325 for Impact of preemptive hospitalization on health outcomes at the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Mexico City: a prospective observational study by Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vazquez, Héctor Gallardo-Rincón, Julieta Lomelín-Gascon, Rodrigo Ville Benavides, Linda Morales Juárez, Héctor Herrera Bello, Lidia Moreno Castañeda, Adrian Palacios Chavarria, Pablo Escalera Castillo, Luis Esteban Ramirez Gonzalez, Mónica Arboleya Avendaño, Santiago Treviño Berlanga, Reyna Albertina Rosas Loza, Renate Victoria álvarez Wyssmann, Erika Salinas Lezama, Alonso Gutiérrez Romero, María Dolores Niembro Ortega, Liudmila Villegas Acosta, Ailyn Cendejas Schotman, Jennifer Bertin Montoya, Andrea Gonzalez Rodriguez, Laura María Badel Ramos, Luis Alberto Martinez-Juarez, Rodrigo Saucedo-Martínez, Alejandra Montoya and Roberto Tapia-Conyer in Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease

2021 virtual edition of the Conference Microscopy at the Frontiers of Science, september 29 and October 1st., Nematodes are the third largest group of metazoans; among them, the Family Longidoridae comprises two main genera of plant parasitic nematodes, Xiphinema and Longidorus, which contain several virus-vector species, e.g. the species X. index, the vector of grape fanleaf virus (GFLV), a serious pathogen of grapes. Bacterial endosymbionts of plant-parasitic nematodes represent a field of research that has become active in recent years. In this work we present a detailed characterization of the endosymbiont bacterium found in the nematode X. pachtaicum from the rhizosphere of sour orange trees (Citrus x aurantium L.) from Cordoba, Spain, and, based on morphological, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics propose a novel candidate genus and species for this uncultured bacterium (strain IAST). An intracellular bacterium, strain IAST, was observed to infect several species of the plant-parasitic nematode genus Xiphinema (X. astaregiense, X. incertum, X. madeirense, X. pachtaicum, X. parapachydermum and X. vallense). The bacterium could not be recovered on axenic medium. The localization of the bacterium (via light and fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopy) is in the X. pachtaicum females clustered around the developing oocytes, primarily found embedded inside the epithelial wall cells of the ovaries, from where they are dispersed in the intestine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations supported the presence of bacteria inside the nematode body, where they occupy ovaries and occur inside the intestinal epithelium. Ultrastructural analysis of the bacterium showed cells that appear as mostly irregular, slightly curved rods with rounded ends, 0.8–1.2 μm wide and 2.5–6.0 μm long, possessing a typical Gram-negative cell wall. The peptidoglycan layer is, however, evident only occasionally and not detectable by TEM in most cells. Another irregularly occurring shell surrounding the endosymbiont cells or the cell clusters was also revealed, probably originating from the host cell membrane. Flagella or spore-like cells do not occur and the nucleoid is diffusely distributed throughout the cell. This endosymbiont is transmitted vertically through nematode generations. These results support the proposal of IAST as a new species, although its obligate intracellular and obligate endosymbiont nature prevented isolation of a definitive type strain. Strain IAST is therefore proposed as representing ‘Candidatus Xiphinematincola pachtaicus’ gen. nov., sp. nov.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the geographical distribution, infestation degree, and diversity of Potato Cysts Nematode (PCN) in Algeria, including the southern regions. Accurate identification of PCN is essential to determine the appropriate control methods to be used in an Integrated Pest Management program. PCNs were found in forty percent (12 out of thirty) of localities sampled. The average population density of PCN was much higher in the southern regions, compared to the northern regions (9.8 cysts per 100 cm3 vs.4.6 cysts per 100 cm3). The southern potato production areas were more infested with PCN than those of the north (7 from 25 fields in North vs. 5 from 5 fields in the South). Globodera pallida occurred predominantly in the northern region of Algeria, whereas G. rostochiensis occurred predominantly in the southern regions. No mixtures of these species were found in any of the positive studied localities. These species were confirmed by the molecular analysis based on PCR with species-specific primers, ITS-rDNA, and cytochrome b of mtDNA. The low molecular diversity and their phylogenetic association with the European populations of PCN suggest that Algerian populations were probably introduced from Europe, probably by infested seed-potato., This research was financially supported by the National Upper School of Agronomy (ENSA), El Harrach, Algiers, and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Algeria.

The Integrated Group for Engineering Research (GII) is an R & D group from the University of A Coruña that has a research line of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). They have worked on multiple applications with UAVs using the Pixhawk autopilot. The vehicles receive instructions from a remote control while sends flight status information to a ground control station (GCS), a computer to visualize what is happening during the execution of a mission.However, the UAVs were unable to perform tasks that involved autonomous behavior, and the communication with the GCS was not fluid enough to visualize the flight correctly.To solve the problem, a functionally flexible hardware and software structure was implemented in a UAV, which included a mini PC on board in which autonomous and non-autonomous flight routines can be programmed, which give the Pixhawk instructions directly. In addition, a GCS displays the flight status with more fluid communication and the decisions taken by the vehicle.The correct performance of the structure was verified through simulations and validated with an autonomous test flight, in which the UAV decided and executed its own route according to the conditions of the programmed mission. El Grupo Integrado de Ingeniería (GII) es un grupo de I+D de la Universidad de La Coruña que posee una línea de investigación de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, del inglés unmanned aerial vehicle). Han trabajado en múltiples aplicaciones con UAVs usando el autopiloto Pixhawk. Los vehículos reciben instrucciones de un mando remoto a la vez que envían información del estado de vuelo a una computadora de control en tierra (CCT) para visualizar lo que está pasando durante la ejecución de una misión.Sin embargo, los UAVs eran incapaces de ejecutar tareas que involucraran comportamiento autónomo, además de que la comunicación con la CCT no era suficientemente fluída para visualizar el vuelo correctamente.Para solucionar el problema se implementó una estructura funcionalmente flexible de hardware y software en un UAV, que incluyó una mini PC a bordo en la cual se pueden programar rutinas de vuelo tanto autónomas como no autónomas, que le dan instrucciones al Pixhawk directamente. Además en una CCT se visualiza el estado de vuelo con una comunicación más fluída y las decisiones que está tomando el vehículo.Se verificó el correcto funcionamiento de la estructura a través de simulaciones y se validó con un vuelo de prueba autónomo, en el cual el UAV decidió y ejecutó su propia ruta de acuerdo a las condiciones de la misión programada.

Resumen: Introducción: La malnutrition por exceso en la infancia constituye una epidemia mundial y se asocia a múltiples enfermedades y complicaciones. Entre ellas, destacan los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS), espectro de enfermedades que han emergido como un problema de salud relevante. Objetivo: Eva luar la relación entre la composición corporal y la presencia de TRS en escolares. Sujetos y Méto do: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en 127 escolares de primero a octavo básico escogidos aleatoriamente de cinco establecimientos municipales de Valdivia, Chile. La incorporación al estudio ocurrió luego del proceso de consentimiento informado del responsable del escolar y asentimiento informado del menor. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se determinó la presencia de TRS mediante el Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Para el análisis se aplicó esta dística descriptiva, t de Student y test x2 para determinar asociación de variables con la presencia de TRS. Resultados: Destacó alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso (71,7%) y la obesidad alcanzó 39,4%. En tanto la prevalencia de TRS fue 32,3%. Hubo mayor proporción de niños con TRS en escolares obesos severos (56,3%), así como una media significativamente mayor en niños con TRS para los pliegues bicipital (14,6 mm ± 7,3 vs. 12,0 mm ± 6,6; p=0,002) y tricipital (19,8 ± 6,7 mm vs. 16,2 mm ± 6,0; p =0,04). Conclusiones: Existen altas prevalencias de malnutrición por exceso y TRS. De las medidas antropométricas, la presencia de TRS se asoció con mayor grosor de los plie gues bicipital y tricipital. Abstract: Introduction: Overnutrition in childhood constitutes a global epidemic and has been associated with multiple di seases and complications. Among them, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) stands out, a spectrum of diseases that have emerged as a relevant health problem. Objective: To evaluate the association between nutritional status and SDB in schoolchildren. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional analyti cal study of 127 schoolchildren randomly selected from five public schools in Valdivia, Chile. After the informed assent and informed consent process of the child and parents/guardian respectively, the students were incorporated into the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed and the presence of SDB was determined through the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). For the data analysis, the t-test and %2 test were used to determine the association of variables with SDB. Re sults: There was a high prevalence of overnutrition (71.7%) and obesity reached 39.4%. Regarding the prevalence of SDB, it was 32.3%. There was a higher proportion of children with SDB in severely obese schoolchildren (56.3%), as well as, a significantly higher mean of biceps and triceps skinfold thickness in children with SDB (14.6 mm ± 7.3 vs. 12.0 mm ± 6.6, p = 0.002, and 19.8 ± 6.7 mm vs. 16.2 mm ± 6.0, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of overnutrition and SDB. Out of the anthropometric measurements, the presence of SDB was associated with greater thickness of the biceps and triceps skinfolds.

La competición en BTT, en su modalidad olímpica, consiste en recorrer un circuito por caminos forestales, pistas y campos de tierra y grava que debe incluir importantes subidas y bajadas. Comprender las demandas fisiológicas nos permitirá realizar un mejor ajuste y planificación de los entrenamientos.El objetivo de esta revisión es resumir la literatura disponible y analizar las variables fisiológicas que predicen y se relacionan con en el rendimiento en la modalidad Olímpica de bicicleta todo terreno (XC) cross-country o campo a través. Material y métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica desde 2017 hasta marzo de 2020, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science, con el objetivo de incluir artículos centrados en el análisis de las variables fisiológicas que predicen el rendimiento. Resultados: De los 20 artículos que arrojó la búsqueda inicial, se incluyen un total de 6 en esta revisión. Se ha realizado una lectura exhaustiva de los estudios para extraer los datos más relevantes, a partir de los cuales se ha comprobado que la predicción del rendimiento más fuerte se obtiene a partir de múltiples variables. Discusión: A pesar de las fuertes correlaciones entre las diferentes variables, son necesarias nuevas intervenciones que respalden dicha evidencia y que aporten nuevas pruebas acerca de la metodología más adecuada. Los resultados de esta revisión confirman investigaciones anteriores, que sugieren que el rendimiento de XCO se basa en una combinación de capacidades aeróbicas y anaeróbicas altamente desarrolladas, así como características basadas en habilidades y destrezas específicas.

This work presents the design of a three-layer control strategy to regulate the water levels in inland waterways. The upper layer takes into account the tidal period, which defines two different operating modes. A controller is designed for each mode in the intermediate layer, as well as an observer that estimates the states and the disturbances. Finally, the lower layer solves an optimization problem that yields the scheduling of a set of discrete actuators that best approximates the optimal reference. A real case study based on part of the inland waterways in the north of France is used to test the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness

Resumen El labio y paladar hendido es la malformación craneofacial más frecuente; una problemática nacional e internacional muy conocida, pero tratada por pocos. Dadas las recientes experiencias negativas de la COVID-19, el Departamento de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Dr. Salvador Bienvenido Gautier de Santo Domingo (República Dominicana), quiso concederle a la sociedad algo positivo devolviendo sonrisas. Nuestra jornada pretendió, mediante procedimientos quirúrgicos, restaurar la alegría y esperanza a nuestra población, afectada grandemente por esta pandemia. La VII Jornada Quirúrgica de Labio y Paladar Hendido se realizó del 5 al 8 de noviembre del 2020 con participación multidisciplinaria que incluyó: cirujanos plásticos, pediatras, anestesiólogos, enfermería, equipo de coordinadores y organizadores, el equipo de gerencia del Hospital Dr. Salvador B. Gautier, Ministerio de Salud, Servicio Nacional de Salud, Sociedad Dominicana de Cirugía Plástica, Reconstructiva y Estética y Colegio Médico Dominicano. Contamos con 5 cirujanos plásticos invitados desde México, 1 cirujano plástico invitado nacional, 14 médicos ayudantes del Departamento de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva y 12 residentes de la Residencia Nacional de Cirugía Plástica, Reconstructiva y Estética. Se evaluaron 53 pacientes y fueron operados 37, predominando la patología de labio y paladar hendido con 15 pacientes, labio hendido con 13 pacientes y paladar hendido con 9 pacientes.

Flaminio, a disciple of Nebrija, in his speech of praise of eloquence, argues that the mastery of the word made men able to converse and establish bonds of friendship between them to form society. The word removed the human being from the caverns of ignorance and granted him an almost divine dignity. Therefore, rhetoric, based on grammar, is the art of finding the truth, and all the other arts and sciences are subject to it.

Trabajo presentado en el 51st annual Organization of Nematologists of Tropical America meeting (ONTA 2019), celebrada en San José (Costa Rica) del 21 al 25 de julio de 2019., Identificar taxonómica y molecularmente especies del nematodolesionador de la raíz Pratylenchus asociadas a una plantación de arroz (Oryza sativa), plátano (Musasp.), piña (Ananas comosus) y pasto estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis) para la toma de decisiones y el manejo de las plantaciones.

The goal of the project was to create a promotional video for Virginia Tech’s Adult Day Services center, specifically to advertise for their Memory Masterclass program. Adult Day Services is a center located within the Human Development and Family Sciences Department at Virginia Tech. They are licensed by the Department of Social Services to offer personal care, health monitoring, meals, therapeutic activities, dementia care, and recovery assistance. They serve typically 18 participants each operating day who average about 75 years of age. According to ADS’s mission statement, the center is dedicated to providing a center focused on the well-being and optimal functioning of its participants, a resource for caregiver support, an education opportunity for students, and a community among generations of children, college students, and adults. One of ADS’s main service offerings is their Memory Masterclass course. This course is offered in 6-week sessions to participants over 55 years of age who want to maximize their brain health. The focus of the course is to educate and serve people who have been diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is not a symptom or precursor to Alzheimer's or dementia, but rather a condition that occurs as aging changes brain function. In the 6-week course participants learn strategies for application to daily life that can strengthen brain reserve as you age and get connected with others who have similar concerns about memory. Our main objective was to create a promotional video that Adult Day Services could use on their website to inform and attract people to take the class. This project was broken up into several different stages. The first stage was to meet with our clients, Adult Day Service professionals, to gain a better understanding of the project requirements. Our clients described to us that they would like a video that showcased the active, healthy lifestyle of one of their Memory Masterclass participants. This would include footage of men and women doing outdoor activities, participating in class, and doing mentally-stimulating activities. From meeting with our clients, we came to realize that they wanted a specific type of aesthetic to their video - a combination of active and “homey” footage. An important goal for our clients was to have the video ready to be presented at an AARP event in mid-March, so the first stage of this project had to be completed by that deadline. The second stage was scheduling time to physically shoot the videos. This involved renting camera and sound equipment, coordinating with our clients and course participants, deciding on filming locations, and collecting the raw footage. Once we had shot all of the raw footage, the third stage was comprised of condensing, cleaning, and enhancing the raw footage to create a preliminary draft of the video. The video was delivered to the client, we received feedback, and have begun work revising the video to meet client specifications. The client will be able to use this video for advertising on the ADS website, as well as at different events where their services are promoted. The fourth stage of this project is what we are currently working on right now. Another recommendation was that we prepare another video that was a bit shorter, approximately 90 seconds long, that could be used as a shorter promotion. This shorter video will likely be a condensed version of highlights from the 4-minute video. The third stage was to revise the initial version of the video based on client feedback. This involved sitting down with our client and gaining specific insight as to what details they liked and what they wanted to have modified. After we acquired feedback, we were able to reshoot footage that was not preferable and take more shots of outdoor activities. The final version of the video incorporated footage from both stages of filming and incorporated the client's desired changes. This version of the video was also shown to an applicable user pool of Memory Masterclass students who gave us further feedback. ADS Presentation #4 [Final].pdf - This is our team's fourth and final presentation that details our progress throughout the project. This specific report includes descriptions of our final stages of filming, details about what we are planning on changing in the final video, and plans for gaining client and user feedback. ADS Presentation #4 [Final].pptx - This is an editable version of our final presentation. Memory Masterclass Promo Final.mp4 - This is the final version of the promotional video that we created for Adult Day Services Memory Masterclass program. ADS Memory Masterclass Promotional Video - User Manual.pdf - This user manual documents specific details about the video that could be important to a user, for example size, dimensions, and format. This manual is a work in progress and will be expanded in later versions. ADS Memory Masterclass Promotional Video - User Manual.docx - This is an editable version of the user manual. ADS Memory Masterclass Promotional Video - Developer Manual.pdf - This developer manual documents specific details about what video clips were incorporated into both the first and the final versions of the video. It discusses the technology structure and flow, the required technologies and programs, and details the inventory of files. ADS Memory Masterclass Promotional Video - Developer Manual.docx - This is an editable version of the developer manual. Final Report - Adult Day Services Memory Masterclass Promotional Video.docx - This is our final report describing our process for creating this promotional video. In this report, we discuss the objective, scope, goals, our process towards completion of this project. The report goes into detail documenting our implementation and the feedback that we received and implemented, as well as ways the project could be expanded into the future. Final Report - Adult Day Services Memory Masterclass Promotional Video.pdf - This is an editable version of the Final Report. ADS Memory Masterclass Promo Video - VTURCS Poster.pdf - This is a copy of the poster that we submitted and showcased at VTURCS. ADS Memory Masterclass Promo Video - VTURCS Poster.pptx - This is an editable version of the VTURCS poster.

This work presents a distributed model predictive control strategy as an alternative to conventional centralized approaches, which often suffer from implementation issues when applied to large-scale systems. The overall system is partitioned into minimally coupled subsystems based on its structural properties. Then, the coordination among the subproblems is achieved by means of a communication protocol, which allows each local controller to broadcast its solution to the rest of controllers with a coupled variable. The proposed approach is tested on the quadruple-tank process, and its effectiveness is proved by comparing the obtained results to those documented in an existing benchmark.

The genus Longidorus constitutes a large group of approximately 170 species of plant-ectoparasitic nematodes that are polyphagous and distributed almost worldwide. Some of the species of this genus are vectors of plant viruses. Species discrimination in Longidorus is difficult because the morphology is very conservative, and morphometric characters often overlap, leading to potential misidentification. Integrative taxonomy, based on the combination of molecular analyses with morphology, is a useful and necessary approach in Longidorus species identification. In Spain from 2014 to 2017, we conducted nematode surveys among cultivated and wild plants, from which we identified 13 populations of Longidorus, two of which appeared to represent new species and are described herein as L. iliturgiensis sp. nov. and L. pacensis sp. nov., and 11 populations belonging to eight known species: L. africanus, L. baeticus, L. carpetanensis, L. fasciatus, L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, L. pini, and L. vallensis. Three species are new geographical records for Spain (L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, and L. africanus). We report molecular data for L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, L. carpetanensis and L. pini for the first time. Additionally, we describe the males of L. pini and the juveniles of L. cf. olegi.

Tesi en modalitat de cotutela: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i École nationale supérieure des Mines-Télécom de Lille-Douai. Aplicat embargament des de la data de defensa fins el 31/12/2020 This thesis regards the problem of optimal management of water resources in inland navigation networks from a control theory perspective. In particular, the main objective to be attained consists in guaranteeing the navigability condition of the network, i.e., ensuring that the water levels are such that vessels can travel safely. More specifically, the water levels must be kept within an interval around the setpoint. Other common objectives include minimizing the operational cost and ensuring a long lifespan of the equipment. However, inland navigation networks are large-scale systems characterized by a number of features that complicate their management, namely complex dynamics, large time delays and negligible bottom slopes. In order to achieve the optimal management, the efficient control of the hydraulic structures, e.g., gates, weirs and locks, must be ensured. To this end, a control-oriented modeling approach is derived based on an existing simplified model obtained from the Saint-Venant equations. This representation reduces the complexity of the original model, provides flexibility and allows to coordinate current and delayed information in a systematic manner. However, the resulting model formulation belongs to the class of delayed descriptor systems, for which standard control and state estimation tools would need to be extended. Instead, model predictive control and moving horizon estimation can be easily adapted for this formulation, as well as being able to deal with physical and operational constraints in a natural manner. Due to the large dimensionality of inland navigation networks, a centralized implementation is often neither possible nor desirable. In this regard, non-centralized approaches are considered, decomposing the overall system in subsystems and distributing the computational burden among the local agents, each of them in charge of meeting the local objectives. Given the fact that inland navigation networks are strongly coupled systems, a distributed approach is followed, featuring a communication protocol among local agents. Despite the optimality of the computed solutions, state estimation will only be effective provided that the sensors acquire reliable data. Likewise, the control actions will only be applied correctly if the actuators are not impacted by faults. Indeed, any error can lead to an inefficient management of the system. Therefore, the last part of the thesis is concerned with the design of supervisory strategies that allow to detect and isolate faults in inland navigation networks. All the presented modeling, centralized and distributed control and state estimation and fault diagnosis approaches are applied to a realistic case study based on the inland navigation network in the north of France to validate their effectiveness. Cette thèse contribue à répondre au problème de la gestion optimale des ressources en eau dans les réseaux de navigation intérieure du point de vue de la théorie du contrôle. Les objectifs principales à atteindre consistent à garantir la navigabilité des réseaux de voies navigables, veiller à la réduction des coûts opérationnels et à la longue durée de vie des équipements. Lors de la conception de lois de contrôle, les caractéristiques des réseaux doivent être prises en compte, à savoir leurs dynamiques complexes, des retards variables et l’absence de pente. Afin de réaliser la gestion optimale, le contrôle efficace des structures hydrauliques doit être assuré. A cette fin, une approche de modélisation orientée contrôle est dérivée. Cependant, la formulation obtenue appartient à la classe des systèmes de descripteurs retardés, pour lesquels la commande prédictive MPC et l’estimation d’état sur horizon glissant MHE peuvent être facilement adaptés à cette formulation, tout en permettant de gérer les contraintes physiques et opérationnelles de manière naturelle. En raison de leur grande dimensionnalité, une mise en œuvre centralisée n’est souvent ni possible ni souhaitable. Compte tenu du fait que les réseaux de navigation intérieure sont des systèmes fortement couplés, une approche distribuée est proposée, incluant un protocole de communication entre agents. Malgré l’optimalité des solutions, toute erreur peut entraîner une gestion inefficace du système. Par conséquent, les dernières contributions de la thèse concernent la conception de stratégies de supervision permettant de détecter et d’isoler les pannes des équipements. Toutes les approches présentées sont appliquées à une étude de cas réaliste basée sur le réseau de voies navigables du nord e la France afin de valider leur efficacité. La present tesi versa sobre el problema de la gestió òptima dels recursos hídrics en vies de navegació interior des de la perspectiva de la teoria de control. Concretament, l’objectiu principal radica en garantir la condició de navegabilitat del s is tema. Dit d’una altra manera, es vol garantir que els nivells d’aigua siguin tals que les embarcacions puguin navegar-hi de forma segura. Aquest objectiu s’assoleix mantenint els nivells a l’interior d’un interval construït al voltant del punt d’operació. Altres objectius comuns en aquest context as piren a minimitzar els cos tos associats a l’operació dels equips, així com a prolongar-ne la seva vida útil. Ara bé, les vies de navegació interior són sistemes a gran escala caracteritzats per dinàmiques complexes, grans retards temporals i pendents negligibles, aspectes que en dificulten la gestió. Per tal d’assolir la ges tió òptima, s’ha de garantir un control eficient de les estructures hidràuliques tals com comportes, dics i rescloses. Amb aquesta finalitat, es deriva un modelat del sistema orientat a control basat en un model existent simplificat, obtingut a partir de les equacions de Saint-Venant. Aquesta nova representació redueix la complexitat del model original, proporciona flexibilitat i permet coordinar informació actual i retardada de manera sistemàtica. Malgrat això, la formulació resultant pertany a la classe de sistemes descriptors amb retard, per als quals les tècniques de control i d’estimació estàndards necessiten ser esteses. En canvi, el control predictiu basat en models i l’estimació d’estat amb horitzó lliscant es poden adaptar fàcilment a la formulació proposada. A més, són capaços de tractar amb restriccions físiques i operacionals de forma natural. Degut a les grans dimensions de les vies de navegació interior, una implementació centralitzada no resulta, tot sovint, ni possible ni desitjada. Per tal de pal·liar aquest problema, es consideren mètodes no centralitzats. D’aquesta manera, es descompon el sistema global en subsistemes i es distribueix la càrrega computacional del problema centralitzat entre els agents locals, de manera que cadascun d’ells s’encarrega de fer complir els objectius locals . En tant que les vies de navegació interior són sistemes fortament connectats, se segueix un plantejament distribuït, incloent un protocol de comunicació entre els agents locals. Malgrat la optimalitat dels resultats que les estratègies proposades puguin proporcionar, l’estimació d’estat només serà efectiva a condició que els sensors proveeixin informació fiable. Igualment, les accions de control únicament es podran aplicar correctament si els actuadors no estan afectats per fallades. En efecte, qualsevol error pot conduir a una gestió ineficaç del sistema. És per aquest motiu que la darrera part de la tes i tracta s obre el disseny d’estratègies de supervisió, que permetin detectar i aïllar fallades en vies de navegació interior. Tots els resultats de modelat, control i estimació d’es tat centralitzats i distribuïts, així com de diagnòstic de fallades, s’apliquen a un cas d’estudi realista, basat en les vies de navegació interior del nord de França, per tal de provar-ne la seva eficàcia. La presente tesis versa sobre el problema de la gestión óptima de los recursos hídricos en vías de navegación interior desde la perspectiva de la teoría de control. En concreto, el objetivo principal consiste en garantizar la condición de navegabilidad del sistema, es decir, garantizar que los niveles de agua de los canales sean tales que las embarcaciones puedan navegar de forma segura. Dicho objetivo se consigue manteniendo los niveles dentro de un intervalo alrededor del punto de operación. Otros objetivos comunes consisten en minimizar los costes asociados a la operación de los equipos, así como a extender su vida útil. Hay que tener en cuenta que las vías de navegación interiores son sistemas a gran escala caracterizados por dinámicas complejas, grandes retardos temporales y pendientes prácticamente nulas, lo que dificulta su gestión. Para alcanzar la gestión óptima, se debe garantizar un control eficiente de las estructuras hidráulicas tales como compuertas, diques y esclusas, y para ello se deriva un modelado del sistema orientado a control, basado en un modelo simplificado ya existente, obtenido a partir de las ecuaciones de Saint-Venant. Esta nueva representación reduce la complejidad del modelo original, proporciona flexibilidad y permite coordinar información actual y retardada de forma sistemática. Sin embargo, la formulación resultante pertenece a la clase de sistemas descriptores con retardos, para los cuales las técnicas de control y de estimación de estado estándares necesitan ser extendidas. En cambio, el control predictivo basado en modelos y la estimación de estado con horizonte deslizante pueden ser fácilmente adaptadas para la formulación propuesta, además de permitir lidiar con restricciones físicas y operacionales de forma natural. Hay que tener en cuenta que, debido a las grandes dimensiones de las vías de navegación interior, una implementación centralizada no es, a menudo, ni posible ni deseada, y para paliar este problema se consideran los enfoques no centralizados. De este modo, se descompone el sistema global en subsistemas y se distribuye la carga computacional del problema centralizado entre los agentes locales, de manera que cada uno de ellos se encarga de cumplir los objetivos locales. Como las vías de navegación interior son sistemas fuertemente conectados, se sigue un enfoque distribuido, incluyendo un protocolo de comunicación entre los agentes. También se ha de considerar que la estimación de estado sólo será efectiva a condición de que los sensores provean información fiable. Asimismo, las acciones de control únicamente se podrán aplicar correctamente si los actuadores no están afectados por fallas. En efecto, cualquier avería puede conducir a una gestión ineficaz del sistema. Es por ello que la última parte de la tesis trata sobre el diseño de estrategias de supervisión que permitan detectar y aislar fallas en vías de navegación interior. Todos los resultados de modelado, control y estimación de estado centralizados y distribuidos, así como de diagnóstico de fallas, se aplican a un caso de estudio realista basado en las vías de navegación interior del norte de Francia para probar su eficacia.

Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of first cardiovascular event (CVE) in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD). Methods Analysis of data after 2.5 years of follow-up from the prospective study CARMA project, that includes patients with CIRD [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)] and matched individuals without CIRD from 67 hospitals in Spain. CVE cumulative incidence per 1000 patients was calculated after 2.5 years from the start of the project. Weibull proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the risk factors. Results 2595 (89.1%) patients completed the 2.5 years of follow-up visit. Cumulative incidence of CVE in patients with CIRD was 15.30 cases per 1000 patients (95% CI: 12.93-17.67), being higher in the subgroup with AS; 22.03 (95% CI: 11.01-33.04). Patients with AS (HR: 4.11; 95% CI: 1.07-15.79), those with older age (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13), systolic hypertension (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04) and long duration of the disease (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12) were at higher risk of first CVE during the 2.5 years of follow-up. In contrast, female gender was a protective factor (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.18-1.00). Conclusion Among CIRD patients prospectively followed-up at rheumatology outpatient clinics, those with AS show higher risk of first CVE. Besides cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, being a man and older

Tesi en modalitat de cotutela: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i École nationale supérieure des Mines-Télécom de Lille-Douai. Aplicat embargament des de la data de defensa fins el 31/12/2020 This thesis regards the problem of optimal management of water resources in inland navigation networks from a control theory perspective. In particular, the main objective to be attained consists in guaranteeing the navigability condition of the network, i.e., ensuring that the water levels are such that vessels can travel safely. More specifically, the water levels must be kept within an interval around the setpoint. Other common objectives include minimizing the operational cost and ensuring a long lifespan of the equipment. However, inland navigation networks are large-scale systems characterized by a number of features that complicate their management, namely complex dynamics, large time delays and negligible bottom slopes. In order to achieve the optimal management, the efficient control of the hydraulic structures, e.g., gates, weirs and locks, must be ensured. To this end, a control-oriented modeling approach is derived based on an existing simplified model obtained from the Saint-Venant equations. This representation reduces the complexity of the original model, provides flexibility and allows to coordinate current and delayed information in a systematic manner. However, the resulting model formulation belongs to the class of delayed descriptor systems, for which standard control and state estimation tools would need to be extended. Instead, model predictive control and moving horizon estimation can be easily adapted for this formulation, as well as being able to deal with physical and operational constraints in a natural manner. Due to the large dimensionality of inland navigation networks, a centralized implementation is often neither possible nor desirable. In this regard, non-centralized approaches are considered, decomposing the overall system in subsystems and distributing the computational burden among the local agents, each of them in charge of meeting the local objectives. Given the fact that inland navigation networks are strongly coupled systems, a distributed approach is followed, featuring a communication protocol among local agents. Despite the optimality of the computed solutions, state estimation will only be effective provided that the sensors acquire reliable data. Likewise, the control actions will only be applied correctly if the actuators are not impacted by faults. Indeed, any error can lead to an inefficient management of the system. Therefore, the last part of the thesis is concerned with the design of supervisory strategies that allow to detect and isolate faults in inland navigation networks. All the presented modeling, centralized and distributed control and state estimation and fault diagnosis approaches are applied to a realistic case study based on the inland navigation network in the north of France to validate their effectiveness. Cette thèse contribue à répondre au problème de la gestion optimale des ressources en eau dans les réseaux de navigation intérieure du point de vue de la théorie du contrôle. Les objectifs principales à atteindre consistent à garantir la navigabilité des réseaux de voies navigables, veiller à la réduction des coûts opérationnels et à la longue durée de vie des équipements. Lors de la conception de lois de contrôle, les caractéristiques des réseaux doivent être prises en compte, à savoir leurs dynamiques complexes, des retards variables et l’absence de pente. Afin de réaliser la gestion optimale, le contrôle efficace des structures hydrauliques doit être assuré. A cette fin, une approche de modélisation orientée contrôle est dérivée. Cependant, la formulation obtenue appartient à la classe des systèmes de descripteurs retardés, pour lesquels la commande prédictive MPC et l’estimation d’état sur horizon glissant MHE peuvent être facilement adaptés à cette formulation, tout en permettant de gérer les contraintes physiques et opérationnelles de manière naturelle. En raison de leur grande dimensionnalité, une mise en œuvre centralisée n’est souvent ni possible ni souhaitable. Compte tenu du fait que les réseaux de navigation intérieure sont des systèmes fortement couplés, une approche distribuée est proposée, incluant un protocole de communication entre agents. Malgré l’optimalité des solutions, toute erreur peut entraîner une gestion inefficace du système. Par conséquent, les dernières contributions de la thèse concernent la conception de stratégies de supervision permettant de détecter et d’isoler les pannes des équipements. Toutes les approches présentées sont appliquées à une étude de cas réaliste basée sur le réseau de voies navigables du nord e la France afin de valider leur efficacité. La present tesi versa sobre el problema de la gestió òptima dels recursos hídrics en vies de navegació interior des de la perspectiva de la teoria de control. Concretament, l’objectiu principal radica en garantir la condició de navegabilitat del s is tema. Dit d’una altra manera, es vol garantir que els nivells d’aigua siguin tals que les embarcacions puguin navegar-hi de forma segura. Aquest objectiu s’assoleix mantenint els nivells a l’interior d’un interval construït al voltant del punt d’operació. Altres objectius comuns en aquest context as piren a minimitzar els cos tos associats a l’operació dels equips, així com a prolongar-ne la seva vida útil. Ara bé, les vies de navegació interior són sistemes a gran escala caracteritzats per dinàmiques complexes, grans retards temporals i pendents negligibles, aspectes que en dificulten la gestió. Per tal d’assolir la ges tió òptima, s’ha de garantir un control eficient de les estructures hidràuliques tals com comportes, dics i rescloses. Amb aquesta finalitat, es deriva un modelat del sistema orientat a control basat en un model existent simplificat, obtingut a partir de les equacions de Saint-Venant. Aquesta nova representació redueix la complexitat del model original, proporciona flexibilitat i permet coordinar informació actual i retardada de manera sistemàtica. Malgrat això, la formulació resultant pertany a la classe de sistemes descriptors amb retard, per als quals les tècniques de control i d’estimació estàndards necessiten ser esteses. En canvi, el control predictiu basat en models i l’estimació d’estat amb horitzó lliscant es poden adaptar fàcilment a la formulació proposada. A més, són capaços de tractar amb restriccions físiques i operacionals de forma natural. Degut a les grans dimensions de les vies de navegació interior, una implementació centralitzada no resulta, tot sovint, ni possible ni desitjada. Per tal de pal·liar aquest problema, es consideren mètodes no centralitzats. D’aquesta manera, es descompon el sistema global en subsistemes i es distribueix la càrrega computacional del problema centralitzat entre els agents locals, de manera que cadascun d’ells s’encarrega de fer complir els objectius locals . En tant que les vies de navegació interior són sistemes fortament connectats, se segueix un plantejament distribuït, incloent un protocol de comunicació entre els agents locals. Malgrat la optimalitat dels resultats que les estratègies proposades puguin proporcionar, l’estimació d’estat només serà efectiva a condició que els sensors proveeixin informació fiable. Igualment, les accions de control únicament es podran aplicar correctament si els actuadors no estan afectats per fallades. En efecte, qualsevol error pot conduir a una gestió ineficaç del sistema. És per aquest motiu que la darrera part de la tes i tracta s obre el disseny d’estratègies de supervisió, que permetin detectar i aïllar fallades en vies de navegació interior. Tots els resultats de modelat, control i estimació d’es tat centralitzats i distribuïts, així com de diagnòstic de fallades, s’apliquen a un cas d’estudi realista, basat en les vies de navegació interior del nord de França, per tal de provar-ne la seva eficàcia. La presente tesis versa sobre el problema de la gestión óptima de los recursos hídricos en vías de navegación interior desde la perspectiva de la teoría de control. En concreto, el objetivo principal consiste en garantizar la condición de navegabilidad del sistema, es decir, garantizar que los niveles de agua de los canales sean tales que las embarcaciones puedan navegar de forma segura. Dicho objetivo se consigue manteniendo los niveles dentro de un intervalo alrededor del punto de operación. Otros objetivos comunes consisten en minimizar los costes asociados a la operación de los equipos, así como a extender su vida útil. Hay que tener en cuenta que las vías de navegación interiores son sistemas a gran escala caracterizados por dinámicas complejas, grandes retardos temporales y pendientes prácticamente nulas, lo que dificulta su gestión. Para alcanzar la gestión óptima, se debe garantizar un control eficiente de las estructuras hidráulicas tales como compuertas, diques y esclusas, y para ello se deriva un modelado del sistema orientado a control, basado en un modelo simplificado ya existente, obtenido a partir de las ecuaciones de Saint-Venant. Esta nueva representación reduce la complejidad del modelo original, proporciona flexibilidad y permite coordinar información actual y retardada de forma sistemática. Sin embargo, la formulación resultante pertenece a la clase de sistemas descriptores con retardos, para los cuales las técnicas de control y de estimación de estado estándares necesitan ser extendidas. En cambio, el control predictivo basado en modelos y la estimación de estado con horizonte deslizante pueden ser fácilmente adaptadas para la formulación propuesta, además de permitir lidiar con restricciones físicas y operacionales de forma natural. Hay que tener en cuenta que, debido a las grandes dimensiones de las vías de navegación interior, una implementación centralizada no es, a menudo, ni posible ni deseada, y para paliar este problema se consideran los enfoques no centralizados. De este modo, se descompone el sistema global en subsistemas y se distribuye la carga computacional del problema centralizado entre los agentes locales, de manera que cada uno de ellos se encarga de cumplir los objetivos locales. Como las vías de navegación interior son sistemas fuertemente conectados, se sigue un enfoque distribuido, incluyendo un protocolo de comunicación entre los agentes. También se ha de considerar que la estimación de estado sólo será efectiva a condición de que los sensores provean información fiable. Asimismo, las acciones de control únicamente se podrán aplicar correctamente si los actuadores no están afectados por fallas. En efecto, cualquier avería puede conducir a una gestión ineficaz del sistema. Es por ello que la última parte de la tesis trata sobre el diseño de estrategias de supervisión que permitan detectar y aislar fallas en vías de navegación interior. Todos los resultados de modelado, control y estimación de estado centralizados y distribuidos, así como de diagnóstico de fallas, se aplican a un caso de estudio realista basado en las vías de navegación interior del norte de Francia para probar su eficacia.

Although the first professors at the School of Salamanca were theology ones, it is unquestionable that they made deep reflections about the most essential concepts of metaphysics. They took Summa Theologica as a guide as well as discussed some methaphysics opuscules of Thomas Aquinas, who they followed, but not in a dogmatic or scholastic way. It can be said that they made a critical Thomism reception and they made an effort to find a vivid and effective expression of the real distinction among essence and existence, which is the key in order to understand the relationship among God with creature.

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el XIX Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Fitopatología, celebrado en Toledo (España) del 08 al 10 de octubre de 2018., Los nematodos noduladores del género Meloidogyne son reconocidos en todo el mundo como un factor limitante para la producción de diferentes cultivos de importancia económica primaria. El conocimiento de su diversidad y prevalencia, así como los principales factores ambientales y agronómicos que determinan su distribución es de vital importancia para diseñar estrategias de control frente a ellos. En este estudio, proporcionamos la primera información detallada sobre la diversidad, distribución y niveles de población de las especies de Meloidogyne que infectan olivo en Andalucía, incluyendo prospecciones de 499 puntos de muestreo en olivo cultivado y silvestre. La prevalencia ha sido del 6.6%, habiéndose identificado seis especies diferentes, de las cuales cinco son conocidas (Meloidogyne arenaria, M. baetica, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica) y una ha sido caracterizada mediante taxonomía integrativa como una nueva especie (Meloidogyne sp.), incrementándose así la biodiversidad conocida de este género en olivo. A partir de una amplia gama de factores comprendiendo el clima, suelo, topografía y manejo agronómico, que potencialmente podrían determinar la incidencia de Meloidogyne spp. en olivo cultivado, sólo tres fueron significativamente retenidosportécnicasdemodelización:lapresenciadecubierta vegetalencalle,elriegoylatextura del suelo. En resumen, se han detectado diferentes patrones de respuesta entre las distintas especies: M. incognita está asociada con suelos arcilloso arenosos, M. javanica con suelos irrigados y vegetación de cobertura, y en cambio, M. arenaria con la ausencia tanto de vegetación en la calle y riego., Investigación financiada por P12-AGR-1486-CICE, AGL-2012-37521, y 201740E042.

PART I: Infectious Diseases.-- Weidong Chen, Hari C. Sharma, and Fred J. Muehlbauer (eds.).

PART I: Infectious Diseases.-- Weidong Chen, Hari C. Sharma, and Fred J. Muehlbauer (eds.).

Memoria ID-0086. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017.

Trabajo presentado en el 33rd European Society of Nematologist meeting, celebrado en Ghent (Bélgica), del 9 al 13 de septiembre de 2018

Durante los últimos años, el Grupo AGR136 Sanidad Vegetal del IAS-CSIC y la UCO ha centrado sus proyectos de investigación de financiación privada o pública en el desarrollo de conocimeintos y tecnologías sobre medidas de lucha aplicables para la gestión integrada de verticilosis del olivo. En este artículo presentamos sucintamente algunos de los objetivos perseguidos en dichos proyectos y los resultados más destacables alcanzados en el desarrollo de los mismos., Las investigaciones de los autores referidas en este artículo han sido financiadas por los proyectos AGL2008-00344 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), AGL2011-24935 y AGL2012-37521 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), P08-AGR 3528, P10-AGR-5908, P10-AGR 6082, y P12- AGR 1486 (Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía), cofinanciados por fondos FEDER; y en parte por la Organización Interprofesional del Aceite de Oliva Español-CITOLIVA'.

Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. (See Figs. 1–5) Measurements. See Table 1. Description. Female. Body straight or slightly ventrally arcuate after heat relaxation. Cuticular sheath detached from inner cuticle at pharyngeal, vulval and tail regions. Annuli rounded with ornamentation appearing as few breaks, irregularities and anastomosis. Lip region conoid, not set off from body contour containing 2–3 annuli and with bulging oral disc, sometimes protruding beyond first annulus. Oral disc narrow ovate, convex anteriorly, amphidial apertures covered by lateral plates, lying in the same plane as oral disc when observed en face. Stylet long and flexible. Stylet knobs posteriorly slopping, concave shaped with slight cavity. Dorsal pharyngeal gland opening ca 4.0–5.0 µm posterior to stylet knob base. Pharyngeal lumen looped in median pharyngeal bulb having medium sized refractive valvular apparatus. Isthmus narrow, short, encircled by nerve ring. Basal pharyngeal bulb distinct. Excretory pore one or two annuli posterior to the base of pharynx. Hemizonid and hemizonion not seen. Vulva lips slightly modified with 1–2 annuli long vulval sleeve. Vagina straight extending less than half of body diam. Spermatheca rounded to oblong, scarcely filled with rounded sperm cells. Oviduct very short, ovary single, prodelphic. Oocytes arranged in single file except for a short region of multiplication near anterior end. Anus small, indistinct, located at 15th–22nd annuli posterior to vulva. Tail almost cylindrical anteriorly, tapering gradually to a distal finely conoid terminus or slightly offset spike with a narrowly rounded terminus. Tail annuli distinct until terminus except terminal annuli become irregular. Male. Not detected. Diagnosis. Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. is characterized by the combination of three unique characters, tail morphology (elongated, conoid or slightly offset spike with narrowly rounded terminus), long stylet 118 (108– 125) µm and posteriorly located vulva 91 (90–93). Additionally, a lip region conoid, not set off with bulging oral disc, sometimes protruding beyond the first annulus. Oral disc narrow ovate, convex anteriorly, amphidial apertures covered by lateral plates, lying in the same plane as oral disc when observed en face. The excretory pore is located 1–2 annuli posterior to the base of pharyngeal bulb. Reproductive system prodelphic, vulval lips slightly modified with a small vulval sleeve, spermatheca rounded to oblong. Anus located 18 (15–22) annuli posterior to vulva. Relationships. Chitambar & Subbotin (2014) presented a polytomous key to identify Hemicycliophora species. According to the polytomous key, new species is close to H. filicauda Doucet, 1982, H. metleri Jenkins & Reed, 1964, H. nucleata Loof, 1968, H. similis Thorne, 1955, H. vaccinii Reed & Jenkins, 1963 because new species share similar tail shape (elongate conoid, tapering gradually to a distal finely conoid terminus or slightly offset spike with a narrowly rounded terminus, and tail annuli are distinct until terminus except terminal annuli become irregular), cuticle ornamentation (consists of few breaks, irregularities and anastomosis) and general morphology (slightly ventrally arcuate, cuticle attached at lip region and the terminal end of body with spike-like projection) with these five species. However, together with above-mentioned characters, longer stylet length and posteriorly located vulva make this species unique among rest of Hemicycliophora species. It can be differentiated from H. filicauda by more body annuli, R= 275 (255–297) vs. 262 (246–274), longer stylet, 118 (108–125.) vs. 85 (80–90) µm, higher V, 91 (90–93) vs. 82.5 (82–83), higher number of annuli from anterior end to excretory pore, Rex, 60 (54–66) vs. 44 (43–460), lower Ran, 28 (24–25) vs. 59 (53–60), lower VL/VB, 2.5 (2.0–2.9) vs. 5.1 (4.7– 5.2) and shorter tail, 94 (76–111) vs. 142 (132–147) µm. From H. metleri, differs by the shape of lip region (conoid with narrow ovate oral disc vs. truncate with rectangular oral disc), slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9–23.7) vs. 28.3 (23–38), lower R, 275 (255–297) vs. 414 (385– 2455), shorter stylet, 118 (108–125) vs. 143 (122–158) µm, higher V, 91 (90–93) vs. 85 (83–87), and lower RVan, 15–22 vs. 24–36. From H. nucleata differs by shorter body length 1057 (896–1218) vs. 1450 (1240–1550) µm, lower R, 275 (255–297) vs. 347 (320–373), slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9–23.7) vs. 33 (30–38), lower c' =2.4 (2.1–3.1) vs. 4.4 (3.3–5.5), shorter stylet, 118 (108–125) vs. 138 (130–150) µm, higher V, 91 (90–93) vs. 82 (79–85), lower RV, 46 (42–53) vs. 83 (62–92), lower Ran, 28 (24–25) vs. 57 (48–64). From H. similis (after Subbotin et al., 2014) differs by longer stylet length, 118 (108–125) vs. 100.3 (91–108) µm, higher V, 91 (90–93) vs. 79.8 (78–81), lower RV, 46 (42–53) vs. 64.4 (57–70), lower Ran, 28 (24–25) vs. 42.8 (36–51), lower VL/VB, 2.5 (2.0–2.9) vs. 5.9 (4.8–7.6). From H. vaccinii differs by slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9–23.7) vs. 30.1 (25.6–35.3), longer stylet, 118 (108– 125) vs. 102 (95–112) µm, higher V, 91 (90–93) vs. 76.7 (74.7–80.4), lower c' =11.3 (10.4–12.6) vs. 15.6 (14.9– 16.7), lower RVan (15–22 vs. 30–35), longer tail (after Subbotin et al., 2014) 94 (76–111) vs. 116.5 (113–121) µm, lower R, 275 (255–297) vs. 304.5 (273–339), lower RV, 46 (42–53) vs. 73.3 (70–76), lower Ran, 28 (24–25) vs. 49.6 (46–52). Type host and locality. The type specimens were extracted from the rhizosphere of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl), Hu-shan Garden, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, on October 2, 2017. The geographical position of the sampling site is 120°11"60' E; 30°21"47' N. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Sergei A. Subbotin for his extraordinary contribution to our knowledge of nematode taxonomy and systematics. Type-material. Holotype female, 10 female paratypes (slide numbers ZJU-19-01-ZJU-19-06) deposited in the nematode collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Two female paratypes deposited in the Nematode collection in Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain. Two females (slide number T-6986p) at USDA nematode collection, Beltsville, MD, USA. Polytomous key code. According to the polytomous key of Chitambar and Subbotin (2014), the new species has the following specific alphanumeric codes: A4, B2, C1, D21, E2, F12, G3, H3, I2, J2, K4, L3, M2, N2, O2, P1, Q3, R6, S2, T2, U2, V2, W1, X1. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships. The sequenced fragments of D2–D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS, and the partial 18S rRNA were ca 729–732 bp, 797–799 bp, and 1795–1798 bp, respectively. Sequences from H. subbotini n. sp. matched well with the Hemicycliophora spp. sequences deposited in GenBank all of them is clearly different. Three new D2–D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701275 - MG701277) were obtained in the present study showing 99% similarity among them (1–2 bp, 1–2 indels). These sequences showed a 92–93% identity (differed in 43–53 bp) with several Hemicycliophora spp. such as H. epicharoides (KF430512, KF430513), Hemicycliophora sp. 13 (KF430507), Hemicycliophora sp. 9 (KF430511, AY780973, KF430515), H. signata (MG019824), Hemicycliophora sp. 2 (KF430516, KF430517), and H. obtusa (KF430521). Three new ITS sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701272 - MG701274) were obtained in the present study (identical among them), showing 87–88% identity (79–87 bp) with H. californica (KF430576) and H. raskii (KF430577). Three near-full-length 18S rRNA sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701278 - MG701278) (identical among them), showed a high similarity with other three Hemicycliophora spp. being 97–98% similar (49–52 bp) to H. thienemanni (AY284629, AY284628, EU3066341) and H. thornei (KJ636437). Phylogenetic relationships among Hemicycliophora species inferred from analyses of D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S and ITS sequences using BI are given in Figures 4 and 5. The D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA tree (Fig. 4), based on a multiple edited alignment of 80 sequences and 667 total characters, revealed nine major well-to low supported clades (PP = 1.00, PP ≤0.70, respectively), I, II, III, IV, Va, Vb, VI, VII, and VIII as numbered by Subbotin et al. (2014) and Van den Berg et al. (2018). Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. appeared as a separate basal clade within species of clade I, II, and III (Fig. 4). For ITS rRNA tree (Fig. 5), the 50% majority-rule BI tree from a multiple sequence alignment of 91 sequences and 723 characters also showed seven (I to VIb) major well to moderately supported clades (PP = 1.00, PP =0.87, respectively). Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp., H. californica Brzeski 1974 and H. raskii Brzeski 1974 clustered together in a moderately supported clade Vb (PP = 0.93) (Fig. 5). No phylogenetic tree based on the nearfull 18S rRNA was carried out in this research since only three species for this gene have been sequenced.

Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. (See Figs. 1���5) Measurements. See Table 1. Description. Female. Body straight or slightly ventrally arcuate after heat relaxation. Cuticular sheath detached from inner cuticle at pharyngeal, vulval and tail regions. Annuli rounded with ornamentation appearing as few breaks, irregularities and anastomosis. Lip region conoid, not set off from body contour containing 2���3 annuli and with bulging oral disc, sometimes protruding beyond first annulus. Oral disc narrow ovate, convex anteriorly, amphidial apertures covered by lateral plates, lying in the same plane as oral disc when observed en face. Stylet long and flexible. Stylet knobs posteriorly slopping, concave shaped with slight cavity. Dorsal pharyngeal gland opening ca 4.0���5.0 ��m posterior to stylet knob base. Pharyngeal lumen looped in median pharyngeal bulb having medium sized refractive valvular apparatus. Isthmus narrow, short, encircled by nerve ring. Basal pharyngeal bulb distinct. Excretory pore one or two annuli posterior to the base of pharynx. Hemizonid and hemizonion not seen. Vulva lips slightly modified with 1���2 annuli long vulval sleeve. Vagina straight extending less than half of body diam. Spermatheca rounded to oblong, scarcely filled with rounded sperm cells. Oviduct very short, ovary single, prodelphic. Oocytes arranged in single file except for a short region of multiplication near anterior end. Anus small, indistinct, located at 15th���22nd annuli posterior to vulva. Tail almost cylindrical anteriorly, tapering gradually to a distal finely conoid terminus or slightly offset spike with a narrowly rounded terminus. Tail annuli distinct until terminus except terminal annuli become irregular. Male. Not detected. Diagnosis. Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. is characterized by the combination of three unique characters, tail morphology (elongated, conoid or slightly offset spike with narrowly rounded terminus), long stylet 118 (108��� 125) ��m and posteriorly located vulva 91 (90���93). Additionally, a lip region conoid, not set off with bulging oral disc, sometimes protruding beyond the first annulus. Oral disc narrow ovate, convex anteriorly, amphidial apertures covered by lateral plates, lying in the same plane as oral disc when observed en face. The excretory pore is located 1���2 annuli posterior to the base of pharyngeal bulb. Reproductive system prodelphic, vulval lips slightly modified with a small vulval sleeve, spermatheca rounded to oblong. Anus located 18 (15���22) annuli posterior to vulva. Relationships. Chitambar & Subbotin (2014) presented a polytomous key to identify Hemicycliophora species. According to the polytomous key, new species is close to H. filicauda Doucet, 1982, H. metleri Jenkins & Reed, 1964, H. nucleata Loof, 1968, H. similis Thorne, 1955, H. vaccinii Reed & Jenkins, 1963 because new species share similar tail shape (elongate conoid, tapering gradually to a distal finely conoid terminus or slightly offset spike with a narrowly rounded terminus, and tail annuli are distinct until terminus except terminal annuli become irregular), cuticle ornamentation (consists of few breaks, irregularities and anastomosis) and general morphology (slightly ventrally arcuate, cuticle attached at lip region and the terminal end of body with spike-like projection) with these five species. However, together with above-mentioned characters, longer stylet length and posteriorly located vulva make this species unique among rest of Hemicycliophora species. It can be differentiated from H. filicauda by more body annuli, R= 275 (255���297) vs. 262 (246���274), longer stylet, 118 (108���125.) vs. 85 (80���90) ��m, higher V, 91 (90���93) vs. 82.5 (82���83), higher number of annuli from anterior end to excretory pore, Rex, 60 (54���66) vs. 44 (43���460), lower Ran, 28 (24���25) vs. 59 (53���60), lower VL/VB, 2.5 (2.0���2.9) vs. 5.1 (4.7��� 5.2) and shorter tail, 94 (76���111) vs. 142 (132���147) ��m. From H. metleri, differs by the shape of lip region (conoid with narrow ovate oral disc vs. truncate with rectangular oral disc), slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9���23.7) vs. 28.3 (23���38), lower R, 275 (255���297) vs. 414 (385��� 2455), shorter stylet, 118 (108���125) vs. 143 (122���158) ��m, higher V, 91 (90���93) vs. 85 (83���87), and lower RVan, 15���22 vs. 24���36. From H. nucleata differs by shorter body length 1057 (896���1218) vs. 1450 (1240���1550) ��m, lower R, 275 (255���297) vs. 347 (320���373), slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9���23.7) vs. 33 (30���38), lower c' =2.4 (2.1���3.1) vs. 4.4 (3.3���5.5), shorter stylet, 118 (108���125) vs. 138 (130���150) ��m, higher V, 91 (90���93) vs. 82 (79���85), lower RV, 46 (42���53) vs. 83 (62���92), lower Ran, 28 (24���25) vs. 57 (48���64). From H. similis (after Subbotin et al., 2014) differs by longer stylet length, 118 (108���125) vs. 100.3 (91���108) ��m, higher V, 91 (90���93) vs. 79.8 (78���81), lower RV, 46 (42���53) vs. 64.4 (57���70), lower Ran, 28 (24���25) vs. 42.8 (36���51), lower VL/VB, 2.5 (2.0���2.9) vs. 5.9 (4.8���7.6). From H. vaccinii differs by slenderer body, a = 21.7 (18.9���23.7) vs. 30.1 (25.6���35.3), longer stylet, 118 (108��� 125) vs. 102 (95���112) ��m, higher V, 91 (90���93) vs. 76.7 (74.7���80.4), lower c' =11.3 (10.4���12.6) vs. 15.6 (14.9��� 16.7), lower RVan (15���22 vs. 30���35), longer tail (after Subbotin et al., 2014) 94 (76���111) vs. 116.5 (113���121) ��m, lower R, 275 (255���297) vs. 304.5 (273���339), lower RV, 46 (42���53) vs. 73.3 (70���76), lower Ran, 28 (24���25) vs. 49.6 (46���52). Type host and locality. The type specimens were extracted from the rhizosphere of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl), Hu-shan Garden, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China, on October 2, 2017. The geographical position of the sampling site is 120��11"60' E; 30��21"47' N. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Sergei A. Subbotin for his extraordinary contribution to our knowledge of nematode taxonomy and systematics. Type-material. Holotype female, 10 female paratypes (slide numbers ZJU-19-01-ZJU-19-06) deposited in the nematode collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Two female paratypes deposited in the Nematode collection in Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, C��rdoba, Spain. Two females (slide number T-6986p) at USDA nematode collection, Beltsville, MD, USA. Polytomous key code. According to the polytomous key of Chitambar and Subbotin (2014), the new species has the following specific alphanumeric codes: A4, B2, C1, D21, E2, F12, G3, H3, I2, J2, K4, L3, M2, N2, O2, P1, Q3, R6, S2, T2, U2, V2, W1, X1. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships. The sequenced fragments of D2���D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS, and the partial 18S rRNA were ca 729���732 bp, 797���799 bp, and 1795���1798 bp, respectively. Sequences from H. subbotini n. sp. matched well with the Hemicycliophora spp. sequences deposited in GenBank all of them is clearly different. Three new D2���D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701275 - MG701277) were obtained in the present study showing 99% similarity among them (1���2 bp, 1���2 indels). These sequences showed a 92���93% identity (differed in 43���53 bp) with several Hemicycliophora spp. such as H. epicharoides (KF430512, KF430513), Hemicycliophora sp. 13 (KF430507), Hemicycliophora sp. 9 (KF430511, AY780973, KF430515), H. signata (MG019824), Hemicycliophora sp. 2 (KF430516, KF430517), and H. obtusa (KF430521). Three new ITS sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701272 - MG701274) were obtained in the present study (identical among them), showing 87���88% identity (79���87 bp) with H. californica (KF430576) and H. raskii (KF430577). Three near-full-length 18S rRNA sequences of H. subbotini n. sp. (MG701278 - MG701278) (identical among them), showed a high similarity with other three Hemicycliophora spp. being 97���98% similar (49���52 bp) to H. thienemanni (AY284629, AY284628, EU3066341) and H. thornei (KJ636437). Phylogenetic relationships among Hemicycliophora species inferred from analyses of D2���D3 expansion segments of 28S and ITS sequences using BI are given in Figures 4 and 5. The D2���D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA tree (Fig. 4), based on a multiple edited alignment of 80 sequences and 667 total characters, revealed nine major well-to low supported clades (PP = 1.00, PP ���0.70, respectively), I, II, III, IV, Va, Vb, VI, VII, and VIII as numbered by Subbotin et al. (2014) and Van den Berg et al. (2018). Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. appeared as a separate basal clade within species of clade I, II, and III (Fig. 4). For ITS rRNA tree (Fig. 5), the 50% majority-rule BI tree from a multiple sequence alignment of 91 sequences and 723 characters also showed seven (I to VIb) major well to moderately supported clades (PP = 1.00, PP =0.87, respectively). Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp., H. californica Brzeski 1974 and H. raskii Brzeski 1974 clustered together in a moderately supported clade Vb (PP = 0.93) (Fig. 5). No phylogenetic tree based on the nearfull 18S rRNA was carried out in this research since only three species for this gene have been sequenced., Published as part of Maria, Munawar, Cai, Ruihang, Qu, Nan, Castillo, Pablo & Zheng, Jingwu, 2018, Morphological and molecular characterization of Hemicycliophora subbotini n. sp. (Tylenchida: Hemicycliophoridae) from China, pp. 161-173 in Zootaxa 4433 (1) on pages 163-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/1287791, {"references":["Doucet, M. E. (1982) Quatre nouvelles especes du genre Hemicycliophora De Man, 1921 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) provenant d'Argentine. Revue de Nematologie, 5, 309 - 320.","Jenkins, W. R., & Reed, J. P. (1964) Two new species of Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Criconematidae) with a note on Hemicycliophora ritteri. Nematologica, 10, 111 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529264 X 00718","Loof, P. A. A. (1968) Taxonomy of Hemicycliophora species from west and central Europe (Nematoda: Criconematoidea). Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 68, 1 - 43.","Thorne, G. (1955) Fifteen new species of the genus Hemicycliophora with an amended description of H. typical de Man (Tylenchida Criconematidae). Proceedings of the","Reed, J. P. & Jenkins, W. R. (1963) Hemicycliophora vaccinium n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from cranberry. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 30, 211 - 212.","Van den Berg, E., Tiedt, L. R., Liebanas, G., Chitambar, J. J., Stanley, J. D., Inserra, R. N., Castillo, P. & Subbotin, S. A. (2018) Morphological and molecular characterization of two new Hemicycliophora species (Tylenchida: Hemicycliophoridae) with a revision of the taxonomic status of some known species and a phylogeny of the genus. Nematology, 20, 319 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685411 - 00003143"]}

Trabajo presentado en el 7th Transport Research Arena TRA, celebrado en Viena (Austria), del 16 al 19 de abril de 2018, Inland navigation transport takes part in the Trans-European network program (TEN-T ), which aims at promoting this mode of transport by creating favorable conditions for the further development of this sector. The NAIADES Action Program comprises numerous actions and measures to boost transport on inland waterways. Among these actions, the infrastructure issue is dealt with. It requires the inventory of the existing infrastructure and the study of the possible effects of the expected climate change. This was one of the objectives of the GEPET-Eau project (2013-2016), which led to the proposal of multi-scale modeling approaches and adaptive and predictive control architectures. The resilience of inland waterways against the increase of navigation demand and the expected extreme drought and flood events was studied by considering deterministic models. The proposed architecture is suitable to consider two scales of space and time to optimize the water resource allocation among the inland networks and to guarantee the navigation conditions by proposing advanced control and fault detection tools. These approaches, which were designed by considering inland waterways in the north of France, are still being improved. Indeed, it is firstly necessary to consider all the uncertainties that are inherent to large-scale and environmental systems. Secondly, the advanced control and fault detection tools require further development to deal with the very complex dynamics that characterize inland waterways. The main objective of this work is to present the current state of the tools that have been developed in order to study and manage the inland waterways in a climate change context. The global framework that allows describing the link between these two management scales will be detailed. The water resource allocation approach can be based on three different techniques: the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), the quadratic optimization and the Markov Decision Process (MDP). The MDP-based approach will be emphasized due to its suitability to study complex systems with uncertainties, and its main advantages and drawbacks will be discussed and compared to the other techniques. Advanced control and fault detection tools require an in-depth knowledge of the inland waterway dynamics. Characteristics of navigation reaches, i.e. slope, resonance phenomenon, uncontrolled inputs and interconnections, need to be taken into account. A big effort has been made to improve the modeling step of the navigation reaches by considering the IDZ (Integrator Delay Zero) model. The designed tools are based on this accurate model, and they aim at improving the water level control of each reach of the inland waterways and at performing predictive maintenance strategies by detecting, isolating and forecasting faults on sensors and actuators (limnimeters, gates, locks, etc.). The designed management tools will be presented by considering a part of the real inland navigation network in the north of France. Perspectives and future developments will be described.

Las invernadas del Valle 16 de Octubre, al noroeste de la provincia del Chubut, comienzan durante los meses de abril y mayo, con el ingreso de terneros de destete de raza Hereford, Aberdeen Angus y sus cruzas, de 6 a 8 meses de edad y entre 160 y 250 kg de peso vivo, provenientes de la zona de cría de la provincia. La castración se realiza en la mayoría de los casos al ingreso en las invernadas. Esta práctica inicia un proceso de estrés que se potencia con el destete, transporte, encierre, tratamientos sanitarios, mezcla de animales de diferentes orígenes y cambio de dieta. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es comunicar los resultados de una experiencia realizada en el Campo Experimental Agroforestal INTA Trevelin –CEAT-, donde se evaluaron y compararon tres métodos de castración en terneros, atendiendo al manejo habitual de las invernadas de la zona. EEA Esquel Fil: Apóstolo, Romina María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agroforestal Esquel; Argentina Fil: Martinez Stanziola, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agroforestal Esquel. Campo Anexo Trevelin; Argentina Fil: Odeón, María Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Mellado, Julio César. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agroforestal Esquel. Campo Anexo Trevelin; Argentina Fil: Castillo, Pablo. Corporación de Fomento del Chubut (CORFO). Campo anexo Trevelin; Argentina Fil: Ceballos, Demian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agroforestal Esquel; Argentina

Researchers developed a restless legs syndrome questionnaire using diagnostic criteria to assess its prevalence among veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders.

Inland navigation networks are composed of several artificial canals, usually characterized by no slope. These canals are large-scale systems that can be accurately described by means of the nonlinear Saint-Venant partial differential equations. However, the lack of an analytical solution for these equations is one of the reasons why simplified models have been developed. In this work, the Integrator-Delay-Zero model is used as the input-output model to link the water depths to the discharges. A modeling extension for a canal with inflows and outflows along the water stream is proposed: an overlapping problem is discussed and a criterion choice is defined in order to obtain the general model. With regard to this criterion, a calibration step is needed, both to overcome the natural limitations of the simplified model and to ensure the correct computation of the general model. The application of this modeling approach to a part of the inland navigation network in the north of France serves as the case study for this work. Les voies navigables sont des réseaux de grandes tailles composés de plusieurs rivières canalisées mais également de canaux artificiels. Ces canaux, délimités par des écluses en amont et en aval, sont souvent caractérisés par l'absence de pente. Ils sont donc particulièrement sujets à des phénomènes de résonance qui se caractérisent par l'apparition de vagues de grandes amplitudes provoquées par l'activation des écluses. Pour modéliser ces phénomènes, il est possible d'utiliser les équations de Saint Venant (Chow, 1959). Cependant, leur utilisation pour la conception de lois de commande ou de stratégies de diagnostic des ouvrages reste difficile par la nature même du système considéré. Une alternative consiste en la conception de modèles simplifiés tels que le modèle IDZ (Integrator-Delay-Zero) proposé dans la littérature (Litrico & Fromion, 2004). Il s'agit d'un modèle permettant de reproduire la dynamique entrée-sortie des canaux en prédisant l'effet des débits en amont et en aval du canal étudié sur ses hauteurs d'eau mesurées aux mêmes endroits. Dans cet article, une extension de ce modèle est proposée avec l'objectif de pouvoir prendre en compte plusieurs entrées et sorties situées le long d'un même canal. La méthode permettant l'identification des paramètres du modèle IDZ conduit alors à des redondances de calcul. Ce problème est mis en évidence et discuté, puis une solution basée sur un critère de sélection des paramètres est proposée. Dans un deuxième temps, afin de pouvoir reproduire au mieux la dynamique réelle des canaux de navigation sans pente, en particulier la forte amplitude du premier pic de résonance, une phase de calage du modèle est présentée. Elle consiste à introduire deux coefficients conduisant à une modification légère des valeurs du Zéro et de l'Intégrateur du modèle en tenant compte des sorties du modèle et des mesures disponibles. Le bief de voies navigables Cuinchy-Fontinettes situé dans les Hauts-de-France permet d'illustrer cette démarche, puisqu'il a la particularité de pouvoir être alimenté par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne située environ au centre du bief. Les performances du modèle proposé sont illustrées en reproduisant par simulation un scénario de fonctionnement réel

Inland navigation networks are composed of several artificial canals, usually characterized by no slope. These canals are large-scale systems that can be accurately described by means of the nonlinear Saint-Venant partial differential equations. However, the lack of an analytical solution for these equations is one of the reasons why simplified models have been developed. In this work, the Integrator Delay Zero model is used to obtain the general input–output model for a canal with inflows and outflows along the water stream. An overlapping problem is discussed and a criterion choice is defined in order to obtain the general model. With regard to this criterion, a calibration step is needed, both to overcome the natural limitations of the simplified model and to ensure the correct computation of the general model. The application of this modeling approach to a part of the inland navigation network in the north of France serves as the case study for this work.

Spanish Scholasticism of the sixteenth century, and particularly the School of Salamanca, played a key role in the consolidation of modern law and its philosophical foundation, leading the reflections on the common good, the support and legitimacy of political power, and the relationship between natural law and positive law, from the medieval conception of traditional Thomism, with its origin in Aristotelian thought, to the cosmopolitan conception of international relations between nations contributed by the Spanish theologians of the School of Salamanca. This article examines the fundamental points of this philosophical contribution to Law from the relationship between the ideas of its two main representatives, Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suárez., {"references":["Aristóteles (1985). Ética Nicomáquea. Ética Eudemia. Introducción de Emilio Lledó Íñigo. Traducción y notas de Julio Pallí Bonet Madrid: Gredos.","Cassi, Aldo Andrea (2014). «Francisco Suárez e il \"nuovo\" diritto inter nationes dell'Europa moderna». En: Francisco Suárez. Sulla guerra, editado por A. A. Cassi. Macerata: Quodlibet.","Nussbaum, Arthur (1954). A Concise History of the Law of Nations. New York: The Macmillan Company.","Peña, Javier (2006). «Universalismo moral y derecho de gentes en Francisco de Vitoria». Revista de Estudios Histórico–Jurídicos XXVIII: pp. 289-310.","Pereña Vicente, Luciano (1952). «El concepto del derecho de gentes en Francisco de Vitoria». Revista Española de Derecho Internacional 5: pp. 603-28.","Pereña, Luciano (1973): «La génesis suareciana del ius Gentium». En Francisco Suárez, De legibus, (II, 13-20). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, vol. IV, pp. XIX-LXXII.","Pérez Luño, Antonio Enrique (2017). «Francisco Suárez y la filosofía del derecho actual». Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez 51: pp. 9-25.","Pradelle, Albert de la (1950). Maîtres et doctrines du droit des gens. Paris: Les éditions internationales.","Sánchez Hidalgo, Adolfo (2017). «Vitoria y Suárez: el derecho internacional en el tránsito a la modernidad». Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez 51: pp. 167.","Scorraille, Raúl de (1917). El P. Francisco Suárez de la Compañía de Jesús según sus cartas, sus demás escritos inéditos y crecido número de documentos nuevos. Trad. de P. Hernández. Tomo I (El estudiante – El profesor). Barcelona: Subirana.","Scott, James Brown (1928). El origen español del derecho internacional moderno. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid.","Scott, James Brown (1934). The Spanish Origin of International Law. Francisco de Vitoria and his Law of Nations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.","Suárez, Francisco (1918). Tratado de las leyes y de Dios Legislador, II, De la ley eterna y de la natural y del derecho de gentes. Vertido al castellano por Jaime Torrubiano Ripoll. (Clásicos jurídicos, Vol. I). Madrid: Hijos de Reus.","Suárez, Francisco (1971–77). De legibus. En Corpus Hipanorum de Pace, edición crítica bilingüe bajo la dirección de L. Pereña. 11 vols. Madrid: Instituto Francisco de Vitoria.","Tomás de Aquino (2012). Suma Teológica. V. Tratado de los hábitos y virtudes, versión, introducción y apéndices Teófilo Urdanoz. Tratado de los vicios y los pecados, versión Cándido, introducción y apéndices de Pedro Lumbreras. Madrid: BAC.","Tomás de Aquino (2013). Suma Teológica. VI. Tratado de la ley en general, versión e introducciones del padre Carlos Soria. Tratado de la ley antigua, versión e introducciones del padre Alberto Colunga. Tratado de la Gracia, versión por el padre Juan José Ungidos, introducciones y notas del padre Francisco Pérez Muñiz. Madrid: BAC.","Truyol y Serra, Antonio (1980). «Francisco Suárez en la evolución del concepto del derecho de gentes». Cuadernos Salmantinos de Filosofía 7: pp. 27 – 41.","Vitoria, Francisco (1960). «De potestate civil». En Obras de Francisco de Vitoria, Relecciones teológicas, ed. de Teófilo Urdánoz. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos."]}

Members of the genus Scutellonema can cause substantial crop losses to ornamental and cultivated plants directly by feeding ectoparasitically on plant roots (Bridge et al., 2005; Coyne et al., 2006). In May 2015, a soil sample from a house garden from Heraklion city in Crete, Greece, was sent for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes. In this place, there had been cactus (Opuntia sp.) plants (probably imported), which were uprooted 3 to 4 years earlier. After that, the area was cropped with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in spring–summer and leaf vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in autumn–winter. The soil was collected 1 mon after the end of chicory crop. A population density (ca. 30 individuals/100 cm3 of soil) of spiral nematodes (Scutellonema sp.) was found by extracting soil with the wet sieving and decanting method (Cobb, 1918). Morphological and molecular analyses of females identified the species as Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958. The morphology of females was characterized by a hemispherical lip region with four to six annuli, morphometric data for 12 females were L, 640 to 760 mm; a, 24.6 to 30.6; b, 5.8 to 7.4; c, 69.1 to 99.3; c0.5 to 0.6; stylet, 24.5 to 27.5 mm with anterior part shorter than posterior; and spermatheca nonfunctional and male absent. The morphology agreed with the description of S. brachyurus (van den Berg et al., 2013). Alignment indicated that the D2-D3 and ITS sequences (KU059494 and KU059495, respectively) showed 99% and 100% to 99% similarity, respectively, to other sequences of S. brachyurus (type A) deposited in GenBank from the United States, Italy, and Korea (JX472037-JX472046, DQ328753, FJ485643; and JX472069, JX472070, JX472071, respectively), differing from one to six nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference of these sequences placed the Scutellonema sp. in a highly supported (100%) clade that included all S. brachyurus (type A) sequences deposited in GenBank (van den Berg et al., 2013). All identification methods were consistent with S. brachyurus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. brachyurus for Greece. As the cucumbers and the leaf vegetables cultivated in the area were seed planted, we consider that the nematode originated most probably from the cactus plants which had been previously root ball planted. Scutellonema brachyurus may represent a threat for ornamental and cultivated plants production in Crete, Greece. The nematode has been already reported, mainly in greenhouses of six European countries (CABI and EPPO, 2006). In most of these cases, it is hypothesized that the nematode was introduced by imported plant material.