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2. Une influence glaciaire réduite conditionne la composition et la qualité du périphyton dans les cours d'eau alpins

Author

Niedrist, G.H., Bonnineau, C., Condom, T., Cauvy Fraunie, S., UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK AUT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Irstea Publications, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, fungi, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, COURS D'EAU ALPIN
Abstract

International audience; Glacier retreat alters both physical and chemical characteristics of glacially influenced streams, with consequences on the biological communities colonizing these headwaters. While reduced glacial influence is known to alter the structure of alpine stream invertebrate communities, effects on other biotic groups such as primary producers remain poorly quantified. In 68 study sites along a gradient of glacial influence, we characterized both periphyton community structure [biomass and the relative abundance of diatoms (+ chrysophytes), green algae, and cyanobacteria] and functioning (photosynthetic and enzymatic activities), and measured algal growth rate. Using comprehensive data sets from glacier-fed streams in the Eastern and the Western Alps we linked these periphyton features to climate-change associated environmental modifications. In addition to known effects of declining glaciers on algal diversity, we here provide quantitative estimations of periphyton quality and the relative coverage of algal and bacterial groups on streambed surfaces in response to environmental changes. We found, for example, that harsh environmental conditions (e.g., cold water temperatures and high turbidity) favor the dominance of diatoms and chrysophytes within the periphyton, which groups are considered to be of higher nutritional quality for grazing invertebrates when compared to cyanobacteria. These results will thus help to anticipate changes in food resources, and thereby food webs in alpine catchments as response to declining glaciers.

Published
2019

3. Stratégies d'échantillonnages optimisées en cours d'eau (études long terme, restauration écologique)

Author

Lamouroux, Nicolas, Cauvy Fraunie, S., Vaudor, L., Olivier, J.M., Trenkel, Verena, Maire, A., Forcellini, Maxence, Roset, N., RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)

Subjects
ZABR - OBSERVATOIRE OHM VALLEE DU RHONE, education, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, bacteria, equipment and supplies, complex mixtures, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; Optimizing biological monitoring (long-term surveys, restoration assessments) in large rivers and other environments.

Published
2018

4. Optimizing biological monitoring (long-term surveys, restoration assessments) in large rivers and other environments

Author

Lamouroux, N, Cauvy-fraunie, S, Vaudor, L., Olivier, J.m, Trenkel, Verena, Maire, A, Forcellini, M, and Roset, N

Subjects
statistical power analysis, monitoring design, ecological restoration, Abundance time series
Abstract

Studies of the efficiency vs. the cost of long-term biological monitoring strategies are particularly infrequent and needed in large rivers. We used recent studies concerning the long-term monitoring of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Rhône River to discuss the potential and limits of monitoring strategies in large rivers and other environments. A first study is a numerical analysis of the probability to detect changes in fish abundance after flow restoration in the river. A second study concerns the detection of "most expected" relationships in annual fish time series, such as fish cohort follow-ups. It involves a comparison of the Rhône results with those obtained in smaller rivers (where sampling is easier) or in the ocean (where sampling is even more difficult). Results indicate that the long-term biological strategies used in the Rhône River are efficient for detecting major inter-annual trends, but are limited for detecting annual events. Such studies apply to other systems than large rivers and we hope that they will contribute to an increased efficiency and a reduced cost of monitoring strategies., Les études comparant l'efficacité vs. le coût des suivis biologiques de long-terme sont peu fréquentes et particulièrement utiles en grandes rivières. Nous nous basons sur des analyses récentes des données collectées dans le cadre des suivis de poissons et de macroinvertébrés du fleuve Rhône pour discuter du potentiel et des limites des stratégies d'échantillonnage mise en place en grands fleuves et dans d'autres milieux. Une première étude concerne une analyse numérique de la probabilité de détecter des changements d'abondance (poissons, invertébrés) après des mesures de restauration des débits à l'aval des barrages. Une seconde étude concerne la détection des patterns les plus attendus dans les séries annuelles d'abondance de poissons, comme les suivis de cohortes. Cette étude compare les résultats du Rhône avec ceux obtenus sur de petits cours d'eau (où l'échantillonnage est meilleur) et en mer (plus difficile). Les résultats montrent que les échantillonnages en cours permettent de détecter les tendances interannuelles majeures, mais sont limités pour discuter des évènements à l'échelle annuelle. Ces études s'appliquent à d'autres systèmes que les grandes rivières et peuvent conduire à la mise en place de stratégies de suivi plus efficaces et moins coûteuses

Published
2018

5. Ecological responses to experimental glacier-runoff reduction in alpine rivers

Author

Cauvy Fraunie, S., Andino, P., Espinosa, R., Calvez, R., Jacobsen, D., Dangles, O., Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencas Biologicas, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
mountainous area, glacier, COURS D'EAU, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, population dynamics, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, environmental impact, ZONE DE MONTAGNE, rivers, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Abstract

International audience; Glacier retreat is a worldwide phenomenon with important consequences for the hydrological cycle and downstream ecosystem structure and functioning. To determine the effects of glacier retreat on aquatic communities, we conducted a 4-year flow manipulation in a tropical glacier-fed stream. Compared with an adjacent reference stream, meltwater flow reduction induces significant changes in benthic fauna community composition in less than 2 weeks. Also, both algal and herbivore biomass significantly increase in the manipulated stream as a response to flow reduction. After the flow reduction ceased, the system requires 14-16 months to return to its pre-perturbation state. These results are supported by a multi-stream survey of sites varying in glacial influence, showing an abrupt increase in algal and herbivore biomass below 11% glacier cover in the catchment. This study shows that flow reduction strongly affects glacier-fed stream biota, prefiguring profound ecological effects of ongoing glacier retreat on aquatic systems.

Published
2016

7. The Retreat of Mountain Glaciers since the Little Ice Age: A Spatially Explicit Database

Author

Marta, Silvio, Azzoni, Roberto, Fugazza, Davide, Tielidze, Levan, Chand, Pritam, Sieron, Katrin, Almond, Peter, Ambrosini, Roberto, Anthelme, Fabien, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Bhambri, Rakesh, Bonin, Aurélie, Caccianiga, Marco, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge, Clague, John, Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Cruz Encarnación, Rolando, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Guerrieri, Alessia, Hågvar, Sigmund, Khedim, Norine, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Messager, Erwan, Morales-Martínez, Marco, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Poulenard, Jerome, Seppi, Roberto, Chand Sharma, Milap, Urseitova, Nurai, Weissling, Blake, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina, Rabatel, Antoine, Ficetola, Gentile, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Victoria University of Wellington, University of Central Punjab, Universidad Veracruzana, Lincoln University, New Zealand, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de los Lagos (Chile), Heidelberg University, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Pavia, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Marta, S, Azzoni, R, Fugazza, D, Tielidze, L, Chand, P, Sieron, K, Almond, P, Ambrosini, R, Anthelme, F, Alviz Gazitua, P, Bhambri, R, Bonin, A, Caccianiga, M, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Lievano, J, Clague, J, Rapre, J, Dangles, O, Deline, P, Eger, A, Encarnacion, R, Erokhin, S, Franzetti, A, Gielly, L, Gili, F, Gobbi, M, Guerrieri, A, Hagvar, S, Khedim, N, Kinyanjui, R, Messager, E, Morales-Martinez, M, Peyre, G, Pittino, F, Poulenard, J, Seppi, R, Sharma, M, Urseitova, N, Weissling, B, Yang, Y, Zaginaev, V, Zimmer, A, Diolaiuti, G, Rabatel, A, Ficetola, G, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )

Subjects
climate change, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, global scale, little ice age, pre-satellite era, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glacier retreat, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, glacier retreat, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract

International audience; Most of the world’s mountain glaciers have been retreating for more than a century in response to climate change. Glacier retreat is evident on all continents, and the rate of retreat has accelerated during recent decades. Accurate, spatially explicit information on the position of glacier margins over time is useful for analyzing patterns of glacier retreat and measuring reductions in glacier surface area. This information is also essential for evaluating how mountain ecosystems are evolving due to climate warming and the attendant glacier retreat. Here, we present a non-comprehensive spatially explicit dataset showing multiple positions of glacier fronts since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maxima, including many data from the pre-satellite era. The dataset is based on multiple historical archival records including topographical maps; repeated photographs, paintings, and aerial or satellite images with a supplement of geochronology; and own field data. We provide ESRI shapefiles showing 728 past positions of 94 glacier fronts from all continents, except Antarctica, covering the period between the Little Ice Age maxima and the present. On average, the time series span the past 190 years. From 2 to 46 past positions per glacier are depicted (on average: 7.8)

Published
2021

8. Topsoil organic matter build-up in glacier forelands around the world

Author

Khedim, Norine, Cécillon, Lauric, Poulenard, Jérôme, Barré, Pierre, Baudin, François, Marta, Silvio, Rabatel, Antoine, Dentant, Cédric, Cauvy‐Fraunié, Sophie, Anthelme, Fabien, Gielly, Ludovic, Ambrosini, Roberto, Franzetti, Andrea, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Caccianiga, Marco Stefano, Compostella, Chiara, Clague, John, Tielidze, Levan, Messager, Erwan, Choler, Philippe, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Khedim, N, Cecillon, L, Poulenard, J, Barre, P, Baudin, F, Marta, S, Rabatel, A, Dentant, C, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Anthelme, F, Gielly, L, Ambrosini, R, Franzetti, A, Azzoni, R, Caccianiga, M, Compostella, C, Clague, J, Tielidze, L, Messager, E, Choler, P, Ficetola, G, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Milan, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Parc national des Ecrins, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Victoria University of Wellington, Emergence(s) Programme Ville de Paris-European Community Horizon 2020 Programme : 772284-LabEx OSUG@2020 : ANR10 LABX56, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy)

Subjects
Nitrogen, Temperature, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Primary Research Articles, Carbon, chronosequence, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, soil organic matter, climate sensitivity, Primary Research Article, Ice Cover, topsoil development, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, carbon stability
Abstract

Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice‐cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build‐up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410 years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13C, 15N) and carbon functional groups (C‐H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build‐up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants., In glacier forelands all over the world, the organic matter build‐up during the initial stages of topsoil development is strongly modulated by climate: a warmer climate accelerates accumulation of organic matter. We also detected a decreasing thermal stability of soil organic matter along the chronosequences. The observed changes in soil organic matter elemental stoichiometry, aromaticity and stable isotope signature with soil organic matter accumulation suggest an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin during the first centuries of topsoil development.

Published
2021

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