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The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of purely endonasal endoscopic resection of extracranial trigeminal schwannomas (TGSs), with assessment of surgical and clinical outcomes in order to identify optimal candidates for an endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA).A retrospective review of patient's records operated for TGSs between 2008 and 2021 was conducted. Patients operated with a purely EEA were included in this study. Pictures from a frozen fresh cadaver head dissection were used to demonstrate the surgical approach and to show anatomic relationships, complexity of the surgical area and safe corridors for surgery.A total of 5 patients (4 females and 1 male) were operated for TGS. All patients had facial numbness (100%) as a presenting symptom, followed by facial pain in 2 patients (40%), and orbital pain in 1 (20%). Also, 3 patients (60%) had a tumor originating at the level of the foramen ovale and 2 (40%) at the foramen rotundum. The mean tumor diameter was 3,7 ± 2 cm. Gross total resection were achieved in all cases. Postoperatively, 1 patient had severe mastication problems, 1 had blurred vision, and in the long-term follow-up, 1 had frontal sinusitis. The mean follow up was 106.6 (min:49, max:132, SD: 29.82) months. No recurrences were detected.In cases with the extradural TGS having limited extension into Posterior Cranial Fossa, or located in the Middle Cranial Fossa, a purely EEA is possible even for tumors bigger in size. Unilateral endonasal corridors are adequate for resection in most cases.

We report a case of 15-year-old boy with postlingual bilateral total hearing loss following ototoxic medication during his pediatric intensive care unit stay. The patient received the SynCardia total artificial heart implant (50 mL; SynCardia Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA) for end-stage biventricular heart failure as a bridge to heart transplant. During his time on the urgent heart transplant wait list, he underwent successful cochlear implantation following optimized coagulation and hemostasis status and appropriate anesthetic preparation. Our case represents the world's first successful cochlear implant in a pediatric patient who received an artificial heart. Despite complexities in this patient population, elective surgical procedures can be performed safely with acceptable morbidity using a collaborative approach with the heart transplant team, including input from cardiovascular surgery, pediatric cardiology, anes thesiology, consultation-liaison psychiatry, physical therapy and rehabilitation, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, and intensive care unit staff.

Surgical removal of frontobasal meningiomas (FBMs) can be achieved using different techniques, including endoscopic, transcranial, and combined approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of the outcomes of these approaches should be compared to provide the most convenient surgical treatment to the patient. This study aimed to compare 3 surgical approaches for FBMsin terms of outcomes and determine the superiority of each on the basis of anatomical, surgical, and clinical efficacy. Systematic review was performed to identify studies comparing techniques for the surgical removal of FBMs. Each group included 13 patients; 39 patients with FBMshad undergone surgery. These groups were endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), microscopic bifrontal transcranial approach (MTA), and endoscopic plus microscopic combined supraorbital transciliary approach (STA) groups. Data on the demographics of patient population, pre- and post-operative neurological examination, tumor properties, imaging studies, and surgical complications were extracted. The mean age at the time of surgery for the patient population was 53.2 years. Among the groups, no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to sex (P = 0.582). The mean follow-up time was 56.7 months. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean tumor volume among the groups; the MTA group showed the highest mean tumor volume. However, no significant difference was found in the mean tumor volume between EEA and STA groups. Regarding operation duration, the STA group had the shortest operation time (mean = 281.5 minutes), whereas the average surgical duration in MTA group was the longest (mean = 443.8 minutes). The average bleeding volume was highest in the MTA group (mean = 746.2 ml) and lowest in the EEA group (mean = 320.8 ml). Tumor removal was incomplete in three patients (two in the EEA group and one in the MTA group). Recurrence was detected in two cases. One patient with recurrence was operated using the endoscopic surgical approach, whereas the other patient underwent the microscopic bifrontal approach. Post-operative hyposmia/anosmia or decreased olfactory function was the most common complication observed in 5 patients, 2 patients each in the EEA and MTA groups and one in the STA group. The second most common complication was wound infection in one patient in the MTA group and two patients in the STA group (7.7%). Both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and meningitis were present in two patients (5.1%), one patient each from the EEA and STA groups. Pre-operative visual disturbances were reported in 13 patients (33.3%), all of which resolved post-operatively No statistical differences were found among the groups. Mortality occurred in a patient in the MTA group (2.6%) caused by cardiac arrest on post-operative day 1. This is the first study comparing the surgical outcomes of three surgical approaches for FBMs. Although recent literature suggests that both endoscopic and transcranial approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages, the authors showed that none of the surgical approaches have obvious superiority over the others with regard to outcomes. Thus, the selection of the ideal surgical approach should be based on surgical experience and tumor characteristics.

Endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) has become a routine and effective method for the management of large skull base defects in adults and increasingly in older pediatric populations despite their challenging narrow transnasal corridors. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a large craniopharyngeal canal (CC) meningoencephalocele in a 6-month-old infant managed purely through EEA, also by utilizing a pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNF).

Purpose SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a key step in fighting the pandemic. Nevertheless, their rapid development did not allow for testing among specific population subgroups such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, or elaborating specific guidelines for healthcare personnel working in high infection risk specialties, such as otolaryngology (ORL). This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to offer guidance for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to this high-risk population based on the best evidence available. Methods A multidisciplinary international panel of 33 specialists judged statements through a two-round modified Delphi method survey. Statements were designed to encompass the following topics: risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and use of protective equipment in ORL; SARS-Cov-2 infection and vaccines and respective risks for the mother/child dyad; and counseling for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnant, breastfeeding, or fertile healthcare workers (PBFHW). All ORL PBFHW were considered as the target audience. Results Of the 13 statements, 7 reached consensus or strong consensus, 2 reached no consensus, and 2 reached near-consensus. According to the statements with strong consensus otorhinolaryngologists—head and neck surgeons who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or with childbearing potential should have the opportunity to receive SARS-Cov-2 vaccination. Moreover, personal protective equipment (PPE) should still be used even after the vaccination. Conclusion Until prospective evaluations on these topics are available, ORL-HNS must be considered a high infection risk specialty. While the use of PPE remains pivotal, ORL PBFHW should be allowed access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination provided they receive up-to-date information., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: Prostate cancer metastasis to clivus and occipital condyle are extremely rare and only a few cases are published. We present a case with metastasis of prostate cancer to skull base causing occipital condyle syndrome (OCS). Case Presentation: A-56-year-old man was referred to our clinic with complaints of dysphagia for two months and headache on his right occipital region for five months. There was deviation of the tongue to the right side in his physical examination. He was performed surgery for prostate adenocarcinoma for 2 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography showed a mass destructed to the clivus and right occipital condyle. Biopsy confirmed the prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis. The patient died after two months from diagnosis of skull base metastasis. Conclusion: Otolaryngologists and urologists should be aware for early diagnosis of OCS in a patient with prostate cancer. Early physical and radiological examination of the patients may improve the prognosis.

Hydatid cyst (echinococcosis) is an infectious disease caused mainly by Echinococcus granulosus, a parasite transmitted by dogs and encountered first in the liver and then in the lungs. Involvement in the head and neck region is uncommon, and pterygopalatine fossa disease resulting from hydatid cyst is extremely rare, with only 4 reported patients. In this report, the authors present a patient with exophthalmus caused by a primary hydatid cyst and involving the pterygopalatine fossa which treated only with endoscopic endonasal approach.

Introduction In pediatric patients, endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETNS) poses challenges because of the small size of the developing skull and narrow endonasal corridors. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETNS in children by assessing our experience of endoscopic skull base surgery. Materials and Methods All pediatric patients (n = 54) who were eligible for surgery using only the endonasal endoscopic approach at our tertiary center between 2012 and 2018 were included in this study. The surgeries were performed simultaneously by an endoscopic skull base team of neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists. Hormonal analyses were conducted before and after surgery in all patients with sellar/parasellar lesions. Patients older than 8 years underwent smell and visual testing. Results In the 54 patients aged 1 to 17 years who underwent surgery, craniopharyngioma was the most common pathology (29.6%), followed by pituitary adenoma (22.2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 33 (76.7%) of 41 patients who underwent surgery because of the presence of tumors. All visual deficits improved, although one patient sustained olfactory deterioration. Sixteen (29.6%) patients presented with complications such as transient diabetes insipidus and temporary visual loss. Conclusions Despite anatomy-related challenges in children, adequate results can be achieved with high rates of success, and the functional and anatomical integrity of the developing skull and nose of children can be preserved. In pediatric patients, ETNS is a safe and effective option for addressing various lesions along the skull base.

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate hearing loss in patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate the relation between hearing loss, subtypes of the disease, its duration and clinical findings, and antibody positivity. Methods The study included 47 patients with SSc and 44 healthy controls. Audiometric, tympanometric, and otoacoustic emission measurements were applied to both groups. Results The evaluation of the participants medical history showed that among the patients with SSc, 19.1% experienced ear fullness, 27.7% experienced vertigo, and 36.2% experienced tinnitus. Hearing loss was detected in 23.4% of the patients with SSc. The corresponding result was 4.3% in the control group with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). Transient-evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude values were significantly lower in the patients’ both ears with SSc than the control group (p Conclusions The present study found that the incidence of hearing loss was significantly higher in the study group than in the healthy control group. In addition to other organ involvements, cochlear involvement occurs in these patients, and further studies are required.

Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the outcomes of open partial laryngectomy (OPL) versus transoral laser surgery (TLS) in patients operated on for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma based on functional parameters (duration of hospitalization, oral nutritional status and duration of transition to oral feeding, weaning status and duration after tracheotomy, and postoperative voice results) and oncological results (overall survival rate, disease-specific survival rate, recurrence, and presence of second primary tumors) in both groups. METHODS: All laryngeal carcinoma patients who had undergone either OPL or TLS in the period from January 2012 to March 2017 in our center and were followed-up at least for 36 months were included in the study. Statistical analyses were carried out using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the means, and the Kaplan-Meier test for survival analysis. RESULTS: Fifty patients (44 males and 6 females) met the study criteria, of whom 31 had undergone OPL and 19 TLS. Patients that underwent TLS had less tracheotomy needs, needed shorter hospitalization periods, and transitioned to oral feeding earlier, compared to those that underwent OPL. There were no significant differences between the two groups based on oral feeding rates and voice outcomes. The impact of TLS and OPL on organ preservation in supraglottic laryngeal cancer were comparable. For local recurrences, repeated endolaryngeal laser surgeries and adjuvant treatments could be used in the TLS patient group. There were no significant differences between the two groups based on overall survival rate and disease specific survival rate. CONCLUSION: Although no significant differences were found in our study between the two surgical procedures in terms of oncological outcomes, TLS appeared to produce better functional outcomes in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma than OPL.

Background The association between spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak/rhinorrhea and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been increasingly recognized over the last years. However, considerable variability of opinion regarding the assessment, investigations, and management of patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea remains. Methods A consensus group was formed from experts from Europe, Asia, Australia, South and North America. Following literature review and open discussions with members of the panel, a set of 61 statements was produced. A modified Delphi method was used to refine expert opinion with 3 rounds of questionnaires and a consensus group meeting in Santo-Rhino meeting in September 2019. Results Fifty statements (82% of total) on spontaneous CSF leak and IIH reached consensus. In 38 of 50 statements, the median response was 7 (strongly agree) and in the 12 remaining statements the median response was 6 (agree). Eleven statements were excluded because they did not reach consensus and one new statement was added during SantoRhino meeting. The final statements refer to patient history and clinical examination ("History taking should include presence of headache, tinnitus and visual defects"), investigations (role of Thin Slice Computed Tomography and CISS/FLAIR sequences in Magnetic Resonance Imaging), principles of management (watchful waiting or measures to reduce ICP are supplementary but cannot subsitute surgical closure), surgical technique, intraoperative, early postoperative and long term management. Conclusion We present fifty consensus statements on the diagnosis, investigation, and management of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea based on the currently available evidence and expert opinion. Although by no means comprehensive and final, we believe they can contribute to the standardization of clinical practice. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical closure of the defect, assesment for and treatment of potentially co-existing idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach are essential in order to successfully manage spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea, reduce associated morbidity and prevent recurrence.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are aggressive, poorly differentiated tumors in children and young adults. However, the embryonal tumor group did not include the central nervous system (CNS) PNET title and ependymoblastoma subtitle in the 2016 World Health Organization CNS tumor classification. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with a sellar embryonal tumor and present a review of the related literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an endoscopically operated sellar embryonal tumor in the pediatric age group.

This study aimed to report the authors' single-center clinical experience about craniopharyngiomas and discuss surgical outcomes of these patients according to the type of surgical approach (endoscopic endonasal or open microscopic transcranial approach).Twenty-four patients diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas between May 2013 and April 2017 were considered for inclusion. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical approach (open transcranial microscopic approach [group A] and endoscopic endonasal approach [group B]). These groups were compared in terms of postoperative surgical outcome scores (extent of tumor removal, visual deficit, hydrocephalus, metabolic disorders, and Glasgow coma scale) and hospitalization interval.There was no patient of mortality in both groups. In this study, 4 of the 13 patients in group A and 9 of the 11 patients in group B underwent gross total resection. However, 1 patient in group B underwent repair because of cerebrospinal fluid leakage postoperatively. In addition, 1 patient in group A had a wound healing problem postoperatively. The postoperative outcome scores were 9.5 in group A and 11.5 in group B. The hospitalization interval in group A (range, 7-9 days) was longer than that in group B (range, 5-7 days).The endoscopic endonasal approach should be considered the first-line surgical treatment modality in patients with a preliminary diagnosis of craniopharyngioma in terms of low complication risk, minimal invasiveness, and better outcome scores. Open microscopic transcranial procedures may be combined with this approach in a single session for challenging cases.

Dermoid cysts (DCs) are unusual benign congenital intracranial tumors that typicallyarise in the midline and form as a result of abnormal sequestration of ectodermal cells during neural tubeformation. In all age groups, endoscopic approaches are preferable for the removal of sellar lesions. A 6-year-old girl with recurrent meningitis underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery forsellar DC. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a suprasellar DC in a pediatric patient that was removed endoscopically.

Image enhancement is used widely in endoscopic sinonasal surgery. It is yet to be established whether image enhancement has advantages over white-light endoscopy. The authors aimed to evaluate the preferences and subjective visual perception of image enhancement in diagnostic images acquired at the beginning of endonasal endoscopic surgeries. An online survey consisting of 12 endoscopic images, 4 enhanced with Clara mode, 4 enhanced with Chroma mode, and 4 enhanced with Clara+Chroma mode, was distributed. The enhanced images were randomly presented with nonenhanced white-light images. These images were captured at the beginning of endonasal endoscopic surgeries for septal perforation, septal deviation, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Survey respondents (n = 205) included 81 otorhinolaryngologists, 94 other specialty physicians (35 endoscopy/laparoscopy users and 59 nonusers), and 30 nonmedical image experts. They were asked to choose superior images according to brightness, contrast and sharpness, depth of field, and overall preference. A quantitative study was also conducted to evaluate different enhancement modes. The authors found that Clara enhanced brightness and Chroma enhanced contrast and sharpness significantly (P

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem that affects up to 30% of all surgical patients after general anaesthesia, which increases in sinonasal surgery due the very potent emetic effect of ingested blood that is swallowed during the procedures. Therefore, a hypo/oropharyngeal packing is commonly placed in an effort to prevent blood ingestion. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 3 packing types in preventing PONV and to compare the results with patients who received no packing. The secondary aim was to compare the postoperative throat pain in all 4 groups.A prospective double-blind randomized controlled study.A university hospital.After Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, 201 adult patients scheduled for sinonasal surgery were randomized to 4 groups to have dry packing (n = 52), packing soaked with water (n = 48), packing soaked with chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride (n = 51), or no packing (n = 50). Postoperative PONV and throat pain were assessed.Demographic data, procedural characteristics, and PONV risk scores were similar among groups. The PONV incidences, throat pain scores, and analgesic use were comparable in all 4 groups.Despite commonly used practices, usage of different types of pharyngeal packing did not affect incidence of PONV and throat pain, nor did usage of no packing.

This study aimed to compare hearing and anatomical outcomes after ossicular chain reconstruction with titanium or hydroxyapatite prostheses.In this study, patients who underwent tympanoplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction with titanium or hydroxyapatite prostheses at a university hospital from January 2007 to February 2013 were retrospectively reviewed; they had a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the type of prostheses. The surgical procedure, follow-up examinations, preoperative, and postoperative audiometry results were noted and evaluated for partial and total prostheses. The results were compared both for titanium and hydroxyapatite prostheses.The study subjects included 51 patients. Titanium had better hearing results in partial prostheses (p0.05), while the anatomical outcomes were similar. Nevertheless, both types had similar results in total prostheses (p0.05). The extrusion rate was 5.8% for all patients.Both types of prostheses had satisfactory functional and anatomical results and no preponderance could be stated, except for the hearing results of partial titanium prostheses.

Background Transoral robotic surgery has been used successfully to assist many surgical procedures. Here, we report its first use as pure robotic surgery, applied to excise an odontoid metastatic mass. Case Description A 48-year-old woman was hospitalized due to a lesion consistent with metastasis that extended to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and that had completely destroyed the odontoid bone. Occipitocervical fixation was performed initially, and transoral surgery took place 5 days later. The da Vinci Surgical System Robot was used to resect the tumor. The patient was discharged with a very good general condition. Conclusions This article presents the first pure robotic surgery for odontoid. The increasing number of robot-assisted cases will demonstrate the necessity of this evolution in neurosurgery and should accelerate the process.

The UEMS Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery section is a dedicated body formed to promote the standardisation and harmonisation of European Otorhinolaryngology (ORL). The European Examination Board of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery was created to establish a supranational final exam and accreditation for ORL Surgeons. It is open to candidates both from the European Union and outside the EU. The exam is composed of a written examination to assess mainly the theoretical knowledge of Otorhinolaryngological diseases. The second part, a viva voce examination, is designed to test the clinical application of knowledge based on case scenarios and clinical conditions presented to the candidates. The inaugural examination written component took place in Mannheim/Germany in 2009 and the inaugural Viva Voce examination in Vienna/Austria in 2010. Up to and including the year 2013, 858 participants have attempted one of the two exam components. Of the 858 participants, 305 were successful in both examinations and obtained the accreditation of the European Diploma (European Board Certification). The historical origins, development of the examination, its formal arrangements and the format of the examination are presented in this article.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to compare cartilage reinforcement graft results with temporalis fascia graft alone in terms of hearing and anatomical outcomes in tympanoplasty. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent tympanoplasty with/without ossiculoplasty and/or mastoidectomy at a university hospital from 2006 through 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into those grafted with temporalis muscle fascia alone and with fascia reinforced with cartilage. The postoperative air bone gap, gain in hearing thresholds, and graft status were evaluated for each group. Results: The study subjects included 179 patients. There were 82 patients in the fascia group and 97 patients in the cartilage group. Successful hearing results were elicited in 79.2% of the fascia group and 85.5% of the cartilage group. There was no significant difference in overall graft success. The graft was intact in 82.9% of the fascia group and 86.5% of the cartilage group. Conclusion: In this comparative study the use of cartilage to reinforce the temporalis muscle fascia was analyzed, showing better hearing and anatomical results than sole use of fascia in tympanoplasty both for primary and revision cases. Thus, in the light of our results, when performing tympanoplasty we recommend the use of cartilage reinforcement grafting whenever needed and indicated.

Objectives/Hypothesis Olfactory disturbances could be observed following transsphenoidal pituitary surgeries. To our knowledge, no previous comparative studies on olfactory functions after transsphenoidal endoscopic and microscopic approaches have been performed. Study Design Prospective study comparing olfactory functions between endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Method Twenty-five patients operated on with the endoscopic approach and 25 patients operated on with the microscopic transsphenoidal approach have been evaluated. The Smell Diskettes Olfaction Test was used during the preoperative period, 1 month after the operation, and 6 months after the operation. In addition, the relationship between intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the pituitary and postoperative synechiae formation with olfaction system was evaluated. The results were analyzed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-Square test. Results In the endoscopic group, there were two hyposmic patients and no anosmic patients. In the microscopic group, there were 13 hyposmic patients and five anosmic patients. The data was statistically different between both groups (P 0.05). Synechia was observed in nine patients in the microscopic group and in only one patient in the endoscopic group. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of synechia and olfactory disturbances (P

Objective: To evaluate success of endonasal endoscopic surgery in removing fibrous dysplasia (FD) lesions involving sphenoid sinuses at areas close to important structures and to assess its effectiveness in management of patient symptoms and possible complications. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients operated between 2007 and 2015 at our tertiary care unit with sinonasal FD effecting sphenoid sinuses. Open or combined surgeries were excluded. Clinical examination results, radiological studies, operative findings and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: Ten patients with optic nerve encasement in 7 (70%) were included. All had headache which completely vanished in all postoperatively. Preoperative visual changes were detected only in 5 (50%) patients from whom symptoms have resolved completely in 2 (40%) and improved in 3 (60%) after surgery. No patients had postoperative additional visual deficit. During surgery there were no major bleedings, but in 2 (20%) cases CSF leakage was inevitable, which were recognized and repaired immediately. Postoperative imaging showed total resection in 7 (70%), gross total resection in 2 (20%) patients. One patient had only optic nerve decompression due to diffuse skull disease. In a mean follow-up time of 38 months, no recurrences or growth were detected except last mentioned patient. Conclusion: For removal of FD involving sphenoid sinuses, endonasal endoscopic approach reveals a viable technique with acceptable morbidity. Decision of surgery should be made carefully by evaluating radiological evidence for possible complications and by analyzing tumor growth and symptoms of the patients. For reducing recurrences total or gross total excision should be aimed which is achievable with this approach.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of facial nerve canal dehiscence in tympanoplasty patients and its influence on the need for revision surgery and on hearing results and anatomical outcomes. Patients who underwent tympanoplasty with/without mastoidectomy at Ankara University Otolaryngology Department from 2006 through 2013 with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were reviewed retrospectively in this original study. Patients were divided into those with and without cholesteatoma. Numbers and frequencies of dehiscence were recorded according to disease type, the need for revision surgery, and hearing results and anatomical outcomes. Study subjects included 206 patients, of whom 15 (7.3%) had dehiscence. The prevalence of dehiscence was significantly high in the patients with cholesteatoma (13/50 patients) compared with those without (2/156 patients). The dehiscence frequency was significantly high in cholesteatoma (42.8%), as well as overall (14.7%), revision-surgery patients. Hearing results (P < 0.05) and anatomical outcomes were better in patients without dehiscence. Dehiscence is more common in patients with than without cholesteatoma and negatively affects tympanoplasty outcomes, including hearing results, anatomical outcomes, and the need for revision surgery.

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region yields an alternative to classical microsurgical approaches. Endoscopes provide images that differ from microscopic view. This study aimed to highlight surgical landmarks and their anatomical relationships for pituitary surgery through endoscopic perspective. Ten sides of five adult cadaveric heads with red-colored latex injected arteries were evaluated. Endoscopic dissections were performed and measurements were done in the sphenoid sinuses before and after the removal of bony structures in all the aspects. Endoscopic vision of the sellar region enabled a wide panoramic perspective and detailed inspection. The measurements, in general, indicated the variations in the bony structures and soft tissues. The width of the pituitary, which is the distance between the medial margins of the carotid prominences, was measured as 21 6 2.5 mm and the distance between the medial margin of the carotid prominences at the lower margin of the pituitary was 18 6 3.1 mm. After the bony structures were removed, further measurements were done. The width of the pituitary, which is the distance between the medial margins of the anterior curvature of the ICA, was measured as 23.2 6 3 mm, while the distance between the posterior curvature of the ICA was 19.7 6 4.9 mm. Endoscopic view provided superior detailed visualization of the close relationships between pituitary gland, internal carotid arteries, and optic nerves. This facilitated exact evaluation for variations, which could result in more effective and safe surgery. However, these variations again emphasize the necessity of preoperative radiological evaluation in each case. Clin. Anat. 21:627–632, 2008. V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) describes a wide spectrum of pathologies including inflammatory, vascular, bony dysplastic, and neoplastic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency with which a neoplastic process was diagnosed in patients of ISSD and patient management strategies. A retrospective analysis was conducted for all ISSD patients who underwent surgery between January 2005 and January 2014 at a tertiary center. The clinical characteristics, radiologic studies, operative findings, endoscopic surgical techniques, pathology results, and treatment outcomes of the patients were analyzed. In all, 42 patients (31 women and 11 men) were included in the study. Histopathologic examinations revealed that 10 patients (23.4%) had neoplasms (8 benign and 2 malignant), 19 (45.2%) had mucocele, 7 (16.7%) had fungal disease, and 6 (14.3%) had meningoencephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. With the exception of 2 patients with plasmacytoma, complete removal of the lesions was achieved in all patients using transnasal or transethmoidal endoscopic approaches, and no local recurrences were observed during the mean follow-up period of 42 months. More than one fifth of the patients with ISSD were diagnosed with neoplasms. The results indicated that endonasal endoscopic approaches could effectively help manage patients with ISSD lesions, including those that were neoplastic. It is clear that precaution during preoperative planning is imperative to avoid unexpected situations and complications that may put surgeons in a difficult position during surgery.

Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas need to be reliably diagnosed for the optimal management. Recently, in preference to β2-transferrin, another CSF protein, β-trace protein (βTP), is similarly used with a new method for CSF diagnosis. This study evaluates the sensitive interpretation and limits of this new βTP test for use in routine CSF fistula diagnosis. Methods Nephelometric detection of βTP has been made in nasal secretion, serum, and CSF samples from healthy individuals as well as patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate and with bacterial meningitis. Additionally, 53 patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhea are also analyzed. Results The βTP test can also be used to reliably diagnose CSF rhinorrhea even slightly better than the β2-transferrin test. It should not be used for patients with renal insufficiency and bacterial meningitis as they substantially increase serum and decrease CSF βTP values, respectively. Conclusion Quantitative measurement of βTP is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, quick, and inexpensive method that can be used for the detection of CSF rhinorrhea in nasal secretions. However, in cases where there is doubt about the interpretation, the results should be proved with β2-transferrin test or sodium-fluorescein test.

Hintergrund. Tinnitus ist das haufigste Begleitsymptom bei einer Schwerhorigkeit. Die Kochlearimplantation (CI) ist die Standardmethode zur Behandlung einer hochgradigen sensoneuralen Schwerhorigkeit bzw. Taubheit. Es wurde der Einfluss einer CI auf den Tinnitus untersucht. Patienten und Methode. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden bei 39 erwachsenen Patientinnen und Patienten mittels Fragebogen die Haufigkeit von Tinnitus, das subjektive Lautheitsempfinden und tinnitusspezifische Beeintrachtigungen vor und nach der CI erhoben. Ergebnisse. Vor der Operation berichteten 26 Patientinnen und Patienten uber Tinnitus, nach der Operation 24: bei 13 Personen (50%) ist der Tinnitus vor und nach der Operation etwa gleich geblieben, bei 7 (26,7%) hat er sich vermindert, bei 4 (15,4%) verschwand er, bei 2 hat sich verstarkt (7,7%) und bei weiteren 2 ist er neu aufgetreten. Zwischen der taglichen Tragedauer des Kochlearimplantats und der Tinnitusbeeintrachtigung konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden.Der Tinnitus hat keinen Einfluss auf den Horerfolg,gemessen am Zahlen-, Einsilber- und Satzverstandnis. Schlussfolgerung. Das Ausmas der subjektiv erlebten Beeintrachtigung durch die CI hat sich signifikant verringert,obwohl sich die subjektive Lautheitsempfindung des Tinnitus nicht signifikant reduziert hat.

IntroductionPostoperative pneumocephalus is an unexpected condition after endoscopic odontoidectomy surgery.CaseWe present the first case of pneumocephalus after odontoidectomy in a pediatric patient. The clinical presentation, radiological findings, and surgical procedures are described with related pathophysiology.ConclusionWe outline the key for management of a rare intracranial air entrapment case after an endoscopic odontoidectomy surgery in a pediatric patient and the measures taken to prevent its occurrence in the future.

PubMed: 26468842 Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of neuroectodermal origin. It usually presents with nonspecific symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and pain, but has an aggressive course if the treatment is delayed. The authors report a case of esthesioneuroblastoma in a 47-year-old woman, treated with extensive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite intensive treatment, the patient developed a local recurrence with systemic metastasis and succumbed 4 months later. Copyright © 2015 Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

Olfactory disturbances could be observed following transsphenoidal pituitary surgeries. To our knowledge, no previous comparative studies on olfactory functions after transsphenoidal endoscopic and microscopic approaches have been performed.Prospective study comparing olfactory functions between endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.Twenty-five patients operated on with the endoscopic approach and 25 patients operated on with the microscopic transsphenoidal approach have been evaluated. The Smell Diskettes Olfaction Test was used during the preoperative period, 1 month after the operation, and 6 months after the operation. In addition, the relationship between intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the pituitary and postoperative synechiae formation with olfaction system was evaluated. The results were analyzed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-Square test.In the endoscopic group, there were two hyposmic patients and no anosmic patients. In the microscopic group, there were 13 hyposmic patients and five anosmic patients. The data was statistically different between both groups (P0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in nine patients in the endoscopic group and in 10 patients in the microscopic group. There was no statistically significant difference between cerebrospinal fluid leakage and olfactory disturbances in both groups (P0.05). Synechia was observed in nine patients in the microscopic group and in only one patient in the endoscopic group. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of synechia and olfactory disturbances (P0.05).This is the first study to seek the difference between the endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal approaches on the olfactory system during pituitary surgery. The obtained results indicate that an endoscopic approach seems to be more advantageous than a microscopic approach for protecting olfactory system and function.