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Review of: The Value of Drawing Instructions in the Visual Arts and Across Curricula: Historical and philosophical arguments for drawing in the digital age, Seymour Simmons (2021) New York and London: Routledge, 396 pp., ISBN 978-1-13847-997-5, h/bk, £96 ISBN 978-1-35106-418-7, e-book, £30

Understanding the discrepancy between the radii of observed hot Jupiters and standard 'radiative-convective' models remains a hotly debated topic in the exoplanet community. One mechanism which has been proposed to bridge this gap, and which has recently come under scrutiny, is the vertical advection of potential temperature from the irradiated outer atmosphere deep into the interior, heating the deep, unirradiated, atmosphere, warming the internal adiabat, and resulting in radius inflation. Specifically, a recent study which explored the atmosphere of WASP-76b using a 3D, non-grey, GCM suggested that their models lacked radius inflation, and hence any vertical enthalpy advection. Here we perform additional analysis of these, and related, models, focusing on an explicit analysis of vertical enthalpy transport and the resulting heating of the deep atmosphere compared with 1D models. Our results indicate that, after any evolution linked with initialisation, all the WASP-76b models considered here exhibit significant vertical enthalpy transport, heating the deep atmosphere significantly when compared with standard 1D models. Furthermore, comparison of a long time-scale (and hence near steady-state) model with a Jupiter-like internal-structure model suggests not only strong radius-inflation, but also that the model radius, $1.98 \mathrm{R_{J}}$, may be comparable with observations ($1.83\pm0.06 \mathrm{R_{J}}$). We thus conclude that the vertical advection of potential temperature alone is enough to explain the radius inflation of WASP-76b, and potentially other irradiated gas giants, albeit with the proviso that the exact strength of the vertical advection remains sensitive to model parameters, such as the inclusion of deep atmospheric drag., Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Tahitian pearls, artificially cultivated from the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, are renowned for their unique color and large size, making the pearl industry vital for the French Polynesian economy. Understanding the mechanisms of pearl formation is essential for enabling quality and sustainable production. In this paper, we explore the process of pearl formation by studying pearl rotation. Here we show, using a deep convolutional neural network, a direct link between the rotation of the pearl during its formation in the oyster and its final shape. We propose a new method for non-invasive pearl monitoring and a model for predicting the final shape of the pearl from rotation data with 81.9% accuracy. These novel resources provide a fresh perspective to study and enhance our comprehension of the overall mechanism of pearl formation, with potential long-term applications for improving pearl production and quality control in the industry.

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity in cortical neurons underlie forebrain herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) due to uncontrolled viral growth and subsequent cell death. We report an otherwise healthy patient with HSE who was compound heterozygous for nonsense (R422*) and frameshift (P493fs9*) RIPK3 variants. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic kinase regulating cell death outcomes, including apoptosis and necroptosis. In vitro, the R422* and P493fs9* RIPK3 proteins impaired cellular apoptosis and necroptosis upon TLR3, TLR4, or TNFR1 stimulation and ZBP1/DAI-mediated necroptotic cell death after HSV-1 infection. The patient’s fibroblasts displayed no detectable RIPK3 expression. After TNFR1 or TLR3 stimulation, the patient’s cells did not undergo apoptosis or necroptosis. After HSV-1 infection, the cells supported excessive viral growth despite normal induction of antiviral IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This phenotype was, nevertheless, rescued by application of exogenous type I IFN. The patient’s human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived cortical neurons displayed impaired cell death and enhanced viral growth after HSV-1 infection, as did isogenic RIPK3-knockout hPSC-derived cortical neurons. Inherited RIPK3 deficiency therefore confers a predisposition to HSE by impairing the cell death–dependent control of HSV-1 in cortical neurons but not their production of or response to type I IFNs.

Qu’elles soient empoisonneuses d’enfants ou de maris, vitrioleuses ou prostituées, les femmes criminelles n’ont eu de cesse de fasciner les publics et les journalistes par la violence et la transgression qu’elles incarnent, et ce, en dépit de la place relativement restreinte qu’elles occupent au sein de l’ensemble de la population criminelle. On n’a qu’à penser à l’exemple récent d’Anna Sorokin, alias Anna Delvey, jeune fraudeuse russe immiscée dans la haute société new-yorkaise, qui a subi, ...

Au cours de la TroisièmeRépublique, les criminelles condamnées à mort bénéficieront toutes d’une commutation de leur peine, à partir de 1887, date de la dernière exécution. En observant ces affaires qui mettent au premier plan une accusée en cours d’assises risquant la peine de mort, on constate que leur couverture médiatique devient une sorte de marronnier, créant par exemple un suspense factice autour de l’exécution de la peine ou organisant des débats autour de la question. Mais ces procès sont aussi l’opportunité pour les premières féministes de s’exprimer, profitant des condamnations à mort des criminelles et de la grâce présidentielle qui leur est accordée pour réaffirmer l’égalité hommes-femmes, réévaluer la question de leurs responsabilités pénales et civiles, et revendiquer certains droits. Ainsi tiennent-elles une position pour le moins ambiguë puisqu’elles en viennent à demander l’exécution de leurs sœurs, au nom de l’égalité des droits, alors même que les féministes sont très largement abolitionnistes. C’est d’ailleurs surtout pour en rire et se moquer de leurs idées contraires à la doxa que les journalistes français convoquent ces voix dans un pseudo débat démocratique. During the French Third Republic, women criminals sentenced to death benefited from a commutation of their sentence starting in 1887, the date of the last execution. When observing these affairs focused on an accused woman facing the death sentence in a court of law, we realize their media coverage turned into a kind of ongoing story, creating, for example, artificial suspense around the execution of the sentence, or organizing debates around the issue. But these trials were also the opportunity for the first feminists to express themselves, taking advantage of the death sentences of women criminals and the presidential pardons accorded them to reaffirm gender equality, reevaluate the issue of their criminal and civil responsibilities and lay claim to certain rights. Thus, their position was ambiguous, to say the least, since they were calling for the execution of their sisters in the name of equal rights, even as the vast majority of feminists were in favour of abolishing the death penalty. Moreover, it was to have fun mocking feminists’ unorthodox ideas that French journalists welcomed their voices to a pseudo-democratic debate.

Supplementary Tables 1-3 from A Sex-Specific Association between a 15q25 Variant and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers

Supplementary Table S1. Summary of results for rs6457715 in total classical Hodgkin lymphoma and subgroups. Supplementary Table S2. Regression analysis of EBV-positive cHL risk and rs6457715 genotype. Supplementary Table S3. Association between risk score comprising rs2734986, rs6904029, and rs6457715 and EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma in the GWAS population. Supplementary Table S4. HLA-DPB1 significant eQTLs and their effect on EBV-positive cHL risk. Supplementary Table S5. Subjects included in the genome-wide association imputation analysis and independent replication of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Supplementary Table S6. Concordance rates between HLA imputed and directly genotyped data across 334 UK and 284 Dutch individuals. Supplementary Figure S1. Association between genetic variants and HL and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative HL within an approximately 6.5 Mb region of the extended major histocompatibility complex located at 6p21.

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Backgrounds: Multiple polymorphisms affecting smoking behavior have been identified through genome-wide association studies. Circulating levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine is a marker of recent smoking exposure. Hence, genetic variants influencing smoking behavior are expected to be associated with cotinine levels.Methods: We conducted an analysis in a lung cancer case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. We investigated the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) previously associated with smoking behavior on (i) circulating cotinine and (ii) lung cancer risk. A total of 894 cases and 1,805 controls were analyzed for cotinine and genotyped for 10 polymorphisms on 7p14, 8p11, 10q23, 15q25, and 19q13.Results: Two variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 on 15q25, rs16969968 and rs578776, were associated with cotinine (P = 0.001 and 0.03, respectively) in current smokers and with lung cancer risk (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Two 19q13 variants, rs7937 and rs4105144, were associated with increased cotinine (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively) but decreased lung cancer risk (P = 0.01 for both, after adjusting for cotinine). Variants in 7p14, 8p11, and 10q23 were not associated with cotinine or lung cancer risk.Conclusions: 15q25 and 19q13 SNPs were associated with circulating cotinine. The directions of association for 15q25 variants with cotinine were in accordance with that expected of lung cancer risk, whereas SNPs on 19q13 displayed contrasting associations of cotinine and lung cancer that require further investigation.Impact: This study is the largest to date investigating the effects of polymorphisms affecting smoking behavior on lung cancer risk using circulating cotinine measures as proxies for recent smoking behavior. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(10); 2250–61. ©2011 AACR.

Background: A proportion of the genetic variants involved in susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma differ by the tumor's Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status, particularly within the MHC region.Methods: We have conducted an SNP imputation study of the MHC region, considering tumor EBV status in 1,200 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases and 5,726 control subjects of European origin. Notable findings were genotyped in an independent study population of 468 cHL cases and 551 controls.Results: We identified and subsequently replicated a novel association between a common genetic variant rs6457715 and cHL. Although strongly associated with EBV-positive cHL [OR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83–2.97; P = 7 × 10–12], there was little evidence for association between rs6457715 and the EBV-negative subgroup of cHL (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.92–1.21), indicating that this association was specific to the EBV-positive subgroup (Phet < P = 10−8). Furthermore, the association was limited to EBV-positive cHL subgroups within mixed cell (MCHL) and nodular sclerosis subtypes (NSHL), suggesting that the association is independent of histologic subtype of cHL.Conclusions: rs6457715, located near the HLA-DPB1 gene, is associated with EBV-positive cHL and suggests this region as a novel susceptibility locus for cHL.Impact: This expands the number of genetic variants that are associated with cHL and provides additional evidence for a critical and specific role of EBV in the etiology of this disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1838–43. ©2015 AACR.

Background: Sequence variants located at 15q25 have been associated with lung cancer and propensity to smoke. We recently reported an association between rs16969968 and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers (oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and esophagus) in women (OR = 1.24, P = 0.003) with little effect in men (OR = 1.04, P = 0.35).Methods: In a coordinated genotyping study within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, we have sought to replicate these findings in an additional 4,604 cases and 6,239 controls from 10 independent UADT cancer case–control studies.Results: rs16969968 was again associated with UADT cancers in women (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.36, P = 0.001) and a similar lack of observed effect in men [OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.95–1.09, P = 0.66; P-heterogeneity (Phet) = 0.01]. In a pooled analysis of the original and current studies, totaling 8,572 UADT cancer cases and 11,558 controls, the association was observed among females (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12–1.34, P = 7 × 10−6) but not males (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97–1.08, P = 0.35; Phet = 6 × 10−4). There was little evidence for a sexdifference in the association between this variant and cigarettes smoked per day, with male and female rs16969968 variant carriers smoking approximately the same amount more in the 11,991 ever smokers in the pooled analysis of the 14 studies (Phet = 0.86).Conclusions: This study has confirmed a sex difference in the association between the 15q25 variant rs16969968 and UADT cancers.Impact: Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(4); 658–64. ©2011 AACR.

International audience; The study of brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets is rapidly evolving as ever-improving instrumentation becomes sensitive to cooler objects. Accurate and reliable atmosphere and evolutionary models are important for placing mass and age constraints on these newly discovered objects, and understanding the rich chemistry and physics taking place in their atmospheres. We are expanding on the widely used COND evolutionary models by developing a grid of model atmospheres (Teff=200-2000K, log(g)=2.5-5.5) with our state-of-the-art 1D radiative-convective equilibrium code ATMO. ATMO includes the latest opacities for important molecular absorbers such as H2O, CH4 and NH3, and the latest line shapes for the collisionally broadened Na and K resonance lines. These model improvements allow us to follow the evolution of 1-75MJup objects down to the coolest effective temperatures (Teff=200K). We present comparisons of this new model set to those previously published, illustrating how the evolutionary tracks and the substellar boundary have changed due to improved opacities and the usage of a new equation of state. We also compare our model grid to observational datasets in colour-magnitude diagrams and investigate the impact of our new Na and K line shapes in reproducing brown dwarf spectra. Our future work will involve expanding on this initial grid, to investigate the effects of metallicity, C/O ratio and non-equilibrium chemistry in cool brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets.

Air pollution affects the majority of the world’s population and has been linked to over 7 million premature deaths per year. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) contained within air pollution is associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological ill health. There is increasing evidence that exposure to air pollution in utero and in early childhood is associated with altered brain development. However, the underlying mechanisms for impaired brain development are not clear. While oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are documented consequences of PM exposure, cell-specific mechanisms that may be triggered in response to air pollution exposure are less well defined. Here, we assess the effect of urban PM exposure on two different cell types, microglial-like BV2 cells and neural stem/precursor-like C17.2 cells. We found that, contrary to expectations, immature C17.2 cells were more resistant to PM-mediated oxidative stress and cell death than BV2 cells. PM exposure resulted in decreased mitochondrial health and increased mitochondrial ROS in BV2 cells which could be prevented by MitoTEMPO antioxidant treatment. Our data suggest that not only is mitochondrial dysfunction a key trigger in PM-mediated cytotoxicity but that such deleterious effects may also depend on cell type and maturity.

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) affects around 1 per 1000 term newborns and is the leading cause of acquired brain injury and neurodisability. Despite the use of hypothermia (HT) as a standard of care, the incidence of NE and its devastating outcomes remains a major issue. Ongoing research surrounding add-on neuroprotective strategies against NE is important as HT effects are limited, leaving 50% of treated patients with neurological sequelae. Little is known about the interaction between necroptotic blockade and HT in neonatal HI. Using a preclinical Lewis rat model of term human NE induced by HI, we showed a neuroprotective effect of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1: a compound blocking necroptosis) in combination with HT. The beneficial effect of Nec-1 added to HT against NE injuries was observed at the mechanistic level on both pMLKL and TNF-α, and at the anatomical level on brain volume loss visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). HT alone showed no effect on activated necroptotic effectors and did not preserve the brain MRI volume. This study opens new avenues of research to understand better the specific cell death mechanisms of brain injuries as well as the potential use of new therapeutics targeting the necroptosis pathway.

Knowledge transfer helps health care staff to be competent, well informed, and up to date. It also contributes to adherence to standards and best practices.To design, implement, and evaluate an escape game based on a selection of Accreditation Canada required organizational practices (ROPs).This prospective descriptive study involved nurses and pharmacists in a health care centre. An escape game based on 6 ROPs was designed. The game was played by teams of participants in a patient room within the centre, with each game lasting 25 minutes. Participants' satisfaction with various aspects of their experience was assessed.A total of 200 people (52 teams) participated in the escape game. About half of the teams (An escape game based on a selection of ROPs was successfully implemented as part of the hospital's preparation for an accreditation visit. Use of an escape game as a knowledge transfer tool was appreciated by the staff.La transmission des connaissances aide le personnel de la santé à être compétent, bien informé et à jour. Elle contribue également au respect des normes et des meilleures pratiques.Concevoir, mettre en œuvre et évaluer un jeu d’évasion basé sur une sélection de pratiques organisationnelles requises (POR) d’Agrément Canada.Des infirmiers et des pharmaciens d’un centre de santé ont participé à cette étude prospective descriptive. Un jeu d’évasion basé sur 6 POR a été conçu. Des équipes de participants y ont joué dans une chambre de patient au sein du centre, chaque partie durant 25 minutes. La satisfaction des participants à l’égard de divers aspects de leur expérience a été évaluée.Au total, 200 personnes (52 équipes) y ont participé. Environ la moitié des équipes (Un jeu d’évasion basé sur une sélection de POR a été mis en place avec succès dans le cadre de la préparation de l’hôpital à une visite d’agrément. L’utilisation d’un jeu d’évasion comme outil de transmission des connaissances a été reçue de manière positive par le personnel.

International audience; The Motor Function Measure is a standardized scoring system to evaluate motor function and monitor disease progression in neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There are no available reference percentile curves for this measure. The aim of this analysis was to generate Motor Function Measure percentile curves for ambulant and non-ambulant patients affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, providing the opportunity to better evaluate the status and progression of an individual patient compared to other patients in the same age group. Data of patients aged between 6 and 15 years (819 measurements) was obtained from the international Motor Function Measure database. Age-dependent percentile curves were estimated using a "Generalized additive model for location, scale and shape" as suggested by the World Health Organisation Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Percentile curves for the Motor Function Measure total score and its sub-scores for patients with and without treatment with glucocorticoids are presented. Mean scores decline with age. Patients treated with glucocorticoids have higher mean values compared to glucocorticoid-naïve patients at the same age. The percentile curves with the online tool extend the clinical utility of the Motor Function Measure by facilitating the interpretation of individual standing and disease progression.

The human genetic dissection of clinical phenotypes is complicated by genetic heterogeneity. Gene burden approaches that detect genetic signals in case-control studies are underpowered in genetically heterogeneous cohorts. We therefore developed a genome-wide computational method, network-based heterogeneity clustering (NHC), to detect physiological homogeneity in the midst of genetic heterogeneity. Simulation studies showed our method to be capable of systematically converging genes in biological proximity on the background biological interaction network, and capturing gene clusters harboring presumably deleterious variants, in an efficient and unbiased manner. We applied NHC to whole-exome sequencing data from a cohort of 122 individuals with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), including 13 individuals with previously published monogenic inborn errors of TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β immunity. The top gene cluster identified by our approach successfully detected and prioritized all causal variants of five TLR3 pathway genes in the 13 previously reported individuals. This approach also suggested candidate variants of three reported genes and four candidate genes from the same pathway in another ten previously unstudied individuals. TLR3 responsiveness was impaired in dermal fibroblasts from four of the five individuals tested, suggesting that the variants detected were causal for HSE. NHC is, therefore, an effective and unbiased approach for unraveling genetic heterogeneity by detecting physiological homogeneity.

International audience

International audience

Spontaneous miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. Its psychological repercussions are widely documented but few studies have investigated its effect on the woman's experience of a subsequent pregnancy.To evaluate the impact of prior spontaneous miscarriage on the level of stress experienced by pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy.Cross-sectional, observational study between June and October 2021 in France.A self-report questionnaire was distributed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Stress was assessed using the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory, to yield an overall score, and a score for three dimensions (medical and obstetric risks/fetal health; psychosocial changes; and the prospect of childbirth). Women with a history of prior spontaneous miscarriage and those without were compared.93 women were included ; 63 without and 30 with a history of prior spontaneous miscarriage. Prior spontaneous miscarriage was not associated with the overall score. The score for the dimension "medical and obstetric risks/fetal health" was significantly higher in women with prior spontaneous miscarriage (3.00±0.86 vs 2.34±0.80 ;This study shows a significant impact of prior spontaneous miscarriage on the level of stress of pregnant women during the first trimester, particularly relating to the medical and obstetric risks/fetal health, underlining the need for appropriate psychological support to be provided to women who experience spontaneous miscarriage.

Cet ouvrage s’inscrit dans le cadre des récentes études littéraires qui par le biais d’approches décloisonnées – décomplexées ? – permettent de découvrir ou redécouvrir certains corpus mal connus ou jugés jusque-là illégitimes. Ainsi, renvoyant aux rares travaux antérieurs consacrés aux physiologies, Valérie Stiénon se distingue d’emblée en choisissant d’appréhender cette production culturelle « du point de vue du médium » (p. 12), insistant sur sa triple appartenance, littéraire, journalisti...

Objectives To examine the epidemiology of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) and the chronology of care from early reported manifestations to formal diagnosis obtained by imaging. To explore how parents experienced the sequence of events, their own perception of potential diagnostic delay, diagnosis announcement, and prognosis discussion, and their current view of their child's quality of life. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of all NAIS cases that have been treated in our institution. Quantitative data came from both newborns’ and mothers’ medical records. Qualitative data were collected from parents in semi-structured interviews based on a standardized questionnaire composed of open-ended questions. Results A total of 14 neonates were treated for NAIS in our institution between January 2008 and December 2017. The incidence of NAIS during this period was one out of 4258 births. The majority of neonates presented within 48 hours with a mean of 27 h after birth, most often in the form of repetitive focal clonus (13/14). The mean time before diagnosis consideration and confirmation was 5 and 33 h, respectively. Late consideration of early reported symptoms was identified as the main source of delay. Despite good reported health outcome, NAIS was associated with significant acute and long-standing parental emotional stress. Conclusion Maternity hospital caregivers’ awareness of NAIS is crucial to reach early diagnosis. Improving this aspect would not only allow better early management, but also make it possible to set up acute neuroprotective strategies. Clinicians should be attentive to the modalities of diagnosis and prognosis announcements, which are associated with considerable stress and misconceptions.

Resume L’accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) regroupe six categories nosologiques qui different par leurs causes et mecanismes, leur temporalite et mode de presentation clinique et l’evolution. Par definition, l’AVC neonatal – lui-meme divise en infarctus cerebral arteriel neonatal, thrombose neonatale des sinus et des veines cerebraux, et hemorragie cerebrale primitive – se manifeste dans les 28 premiers jours de vie par des convulsions ou d’autres signes d’agression cerebrale neonatale : apnee, lethargie, hypotonie, bombement de la fontanelle… Par contraste, les signes de l’AVC presume perinatal (arteriel ou veineux, ischemique ou hemorragique) ne se manifestent qu’apres plusieurs mois ou annees par une deficience motrice, un trouble du developpement ou des crises d’epilepsie. L’IRM permet caracterisation de l’AVC. Nombre d’elements suggerent que l’infarctus cerebral arteriel neonatal et l’infarctus cerebral arteriel presume perinatal d’une part et l’hemorragie cerebrale primitive neonatale et l’hemorragie cerebrale presumee perinatale d’autre part, representent les memes entites qui different simplement par la temporalite de leur presentation (ou de leur reconnaissance) clinique. Hormis certaines circonstances bien identifiees (meningite, cardiopathie, diathese hemorragique, etc.), le mecanisme reste souvent indetermine. On retrouve cependant les facteurs de risque communs a la pathologie neonatale : nulliparite, chorioamniotite, asphyxie perpartum… Mais le determinant final qui conduit a l’AVC reste souvent non identifie : origine multifactorielle. Les soins aigus reposent sur le maintien de l’homeostasie. Les crises d’epilepsie sont souvent maitrisees durant la periode neonatale par une monotherapie antiepileptique, voire cedent spontanement. L’anticoagulation est discutee pour certaines thromboses veineuses. Une majorite d’enfants gardent des sequelles.

Soy is a growing protein source; however, the isoflavones it contains are of concern, as they exhibit estrogenic activities whose toxicological limits might be exceeded. Reducing their concentrations to safe levels while preserving nutritional quality in soy foodstuffs is therefore a matter of public health. The main objective of this paper is to develop at pilot scale a process for isoflavones’ extraction from soybeans, and to show its feasibility and efficiency. The study was conducted by first optimizing the previously obtained laboratory treatment key factors. These data were then transposed to the pilot level. Finally, the process was adjusted to technical constraints which appeared at pilot scale: the mandatory use of drenching and the exploration of granulometry analysis. The involved steps were validated by monitoring the genistein and daidzein content variations through statistical analysis of the data of an ELISA and a Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Additionally, isoflavones’ recovery from treatment waters for their valorisation and the water cleaning by means of filtration, centrifugation and resin adsorption were carried out. The results showed that the most successful pilot treatment developed involved soybean dehulling, drenching, washing and drying and almost halved isoflavones while preserving the main nutritional characteristics. A combination of techniques led to almost complete recovery of isoflavones from process waters.

No controlled pharmacological studies are available in the field of pediatric stroke, except for sickle cell disease. Therefore, while pharmacological and mechanical recanalization treatments have repeatedly shown clinical benefit in adults with arterial ischemic stroke, pediatric strokologists still cannot base their therapeutic management (including hyperacute strategies) on high-level evidence. Once again, pediatricians face the same dichotomic choice: adapting adult procedures now versus waiting—for a long time—for the corresponding pediatric trials. One way out is building a compromise based on observational studies with large, longitudinal, comprehensive, real-life, and multisource dataset. Two recent high-quality observational studies have delivered promising conclusions on recanalization treatments in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. TIPSTER (Thrombolysis in Pediatric Stroke Extended Results) showed that the risk of severe intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis is low; the Save Childs Study reported encouraging data about pediatric thrombectomy. Beyond the conclusion of a satisfactory global safety profile, a thorough analysis of the methods, populations, results, and therapeutic complications of these studies helps us to refine indications/contraindications and highlights the safeguards we need to rely on when discussing thrombolysis and thrombectomy in children. In conclusion, pediatric strokologists should not refrain from using clot lysis/retrieval tools in selected children with arterial ischemic stroke. But the implementation of hyperacute care is only feasible if the right candidate is identified through the sharing of common adult/pediatric protocols and ward collaboration, formalized well before the child’s arrival. These anticipated protocols should never undervalue contraindications from adult guidelines and must involve the necessary pediatric expertise when facing specific causes of stroke, such as focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood.

The proper characterization of the general statistical behavior of these fluctuations, from a limited sample of observations or simulations, is of prime importance to understand the process of star formation. In this article, we use the ergodic theory for any random field of fluctuations, as commonly used in statistical physics, to derive rigorous statistical results. We outline how to evaluate the autocovariance function (ACF) and the characteristic correlation length of these fluctuations. We then apply this statistical approach to astrophysical systems characterized by a field of density fluctuations, notably star-forming clouds. When it is difficult to determine the correlation length from the empirical ACF, we show alternative ways to estimate the correlation length. We show that the statistics of the column-density field is hampered by biases introduced by integration effects along the line of sight and we explain how to reduce these biases. The statistics of the probability density function (PDF) ergodic estimator also yields the derivation of the proper statistical error bars. We provide a method that can be used by observers and numerical simulation specialists to determine the latter. We show that they (i) cannot be derived from simple Poisson statistics and (ii) become increasingly large for increasing density contrasts, severely hampering the accuracy of the low and high end part of the PDF because of a sample size that is too small. As templates of various stages of star formation in MCs, we then examine the case of the Polaris and Orion B clouds in detail. We calculate, from the observations, the ACF and the correlation length in these clouds and show that the latter is on the order of $\sim$1\% of the size of the cloud., Accepted for publications in A&A

report on acceptance of voluntary interruption of pregnancy in 2021 in the French 18-to-24-year-old population and to compare the results with the acceptance reported in 2014 in the Institut Français d'Opinion Publique survey.A French cross-sectional study with questionnaires administered between February and April 2021. The target population was 18 to 24 years of age. For purposes of comparison, the question on acceptance of voluntary interruption of pregnancy was basically the same as that of the 2014 Institut Français d'Opinion Publique survey, as were the proposed response modalities. Data were described in terms of means ± standard deviation and number (percentage). Conditions for acceptance of voluntary interruption of pregnancy were compared with the results of the 2014 Institut Français d'Opinion Publique survey using the Chi-square test. Factors associated with acceptance of voluntary interruption of pregnancy without restrictive conditions were studied using univariate analysis (Student, Chi-square or Fisher exact tests) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Close to 2000 (1936) questionnaires were completed, including 1225 among 18-to-24-year-olds. Voluntary interruption of pregnancy was accepted without restrictive conditions by 92.1% of the study population (95%CI: 90.4-93.5) compared to 79.0% in 2014 (p 0.0001). Female gender (93.4 % versus 85.8%; OR = 2.1 [1.4-3.4]; p = 0.0009) and residence outside of Paris (94.9% versus 86.6%; OR = 2.8 [1.9-4.3]; p 0.0001) were significantly associated with acceptance of voluntary interruption of pregnancy without restrictive conditions.In 2021 in France, the 18-to-24-year-old population is massively favorable to voluntary interruption of pregnancy without restrictive conditions, in a significantly higher proportion than in 2014.

Hidden Object-Ranking Problems (HORPs) are object-ranking problems stated as classification or instance-ranking problems. There exists so far no dedicated algorithm for solving them properly and HORPs are usually solved as if they were classification (multi-class or ordinal) or instance-ranking problems. In the former case, item-related ordinal information is negated and only class-related information is retained; in the latter case, item-related ordinal information is considered, but in a way that emphasizes class-related information, so that the items are not only sorted but also clustered. We propose a kernel machine that allows retaining item-related ordinal information while avoiding emphasizing class-related information. We show how this kernel machine can be implemented with standard optimization libraries provided slight modifications on the original kernel. The proposed approach is tested on Tahitian pearls quality assessment and compared with four other classical methods. It yields better results (93.6% ± 3.9% of correct predictions without feature selection, 94.3% ± 3.4% with feature selection) than the best of the other tested methods (91.3% ± 3.4% and 92.6% ± 4.3% without and with feature selection for the instance-ranking approach), this improvement being significant (p-value

International audience; Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is a severe condition, with long-lasting devastating consequences on motor and cognitive abilities, academic and social inclusion, and global life projects. Awareness about initial symptoms, implementation of pediatric stroke code protocols using MRI first and only and adapted management in the acute phase, individually tailored recanalization treatment strategies, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs with specific goal-centered actions are the key elements to improve pediatric AIS management and outcomes. The main cause of pediatric AIS is focal cerebral arteriopathy, a condition with unilateral focal stenosis and time-limited course requiring specific management. Sickle cell disease and moyamoya angiopathy patients need adapted screening and therapeutics.

(1) Introduction: Multiple studies have demonstrated that lymphocyte count monitoring is a valuable prognostic tool for clinicians during inflammation. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic value of delta lymphocyte H24 from admission from the emergency department for mortality and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) Methods: We have made a retrospective and multicentric study in six major hospitals of northeastern France. The patients were hospitalized and had a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (3): Results: A total of 1035 patients were included in this study. Factors associated with infection severity were CRP > 100 mg/L (OR: 2.51, CI 95%: (1.40–3.71), p < 0.001) and lymphopenia < 800/mm3 (OR: 2.15, CI 95%: (1.42–3.27), p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, delta lymphocytes H24 (i.e., the difference between lymphocytes values at H24 and upon admission to the ED) < 135 was one of the most significant biochemical factors associated with mortality (OR: 2.23, CI 95%: (1.23–4.05), p = 0.009). The most accurate threshold for delta lymphocytes H24 was 75 to predict severity and 135 for mortality. (4) Conclusion: Delta lymphocytes H24 could be a helpful early screening prognostic biomarker to predict severity and mortality associated with COVID-19.

International audience; INTRODUCTION: Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) has been shown to affect white matter (WM) microstructure beyond the lesion. Here, we employed fixel-based analysis, a technique which allows to model and interpret WM alterations in complex arrangements such as crossing fibers, to further characterize the long-term effects of NAIS on the entire WM outside the primary infarct area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 children (mean age 7.3 years (SD 0.4), 19 male) with middle cerebral artery NAIS (18 left hemisphere, 14 right hemisphere) and 31 healthy controls (mean age 7.7 years (SD 0.6), 16 male) underwent diffusion MRI scans and clinical examination for manual dexterity. Microstructural and macrostructural properties of the WM were investigated in a fixel-based whole-brain analysis, which allows to detect fiber-specific effects. Additionally, tract-averaged fixel metrics in interhemispheric tracts, and their correlation with manual dexterity, were examined. RESULTS: Significantly reduced microstructural properties were identified, located within the parietal and temporal WM of the affected hemisphere, as well as within their interhemispheric connecting tracts. Tract-averaged fixel metrics showed moderate, significant correlation with manual dexterity of the affected hand. No increased fixel metrics or contralesional alterations were observed. DISCUSSION: Our results show that NAIS leads to long-term alterations in WM microstructure distant from the lesion site, both within the parietal and temporal lobes as well as in their interhemispheric connections. The functional significance of these findings is demonstrated by the correlations with manual dexterity. The localization of alterations in structures highly connected to the lesioned areas shift our perception of NAIS from a focal towards a developmental network injury.

In the first article of this series, we have used the ergodic theory to assess the validity of a statistical approach to characterize various properties of star-forming molecular clouds (MCs) from a limited number of observations or simulations. This allows the proper determination of confidence intervals for various volumetric averages of statistical quantities obtained form observations or numerical simulations. In this joint paper, we apply the same formalism to a different kind of (observational or numerical) study of MCs. Indeed, as observations cannot fully unravel the complexity of the inner density structure of star forming clouds, it is important to know whether global observable estimates, such as the total mass and size of the cloud, can give an accurate estimation of various key physical quantities that characterize the dynamics of the cloud. Of prime importance is the correct determination of the total gravitational (binding) energy and virial parameter of a cloud. We show that, whereas for clouds that are not in a too advanced stage of star formation, such as Polaris or Orion B, the knowledge of only their mass and size is sufficient to yield an accurate determination of the aforementioned quantities from observations (i.e. in real space). In contrast, we show that this is no longer true for numerical simulations in a periodic box. We derive a relationship for the ratio of the virial parameter in these two respective cases., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

We use recent microlensing observations toward the central bulge of the Galaxy to probe the overall stellar plus brown dwarf initial mass function (IMF) in these regions well within the brown dwarf domain. We find that the IMF is consistent with the same Chabrier (2005) IMF characteristic of the Galactic disk. In contrast, other IMFs suggested in the literature overpredict the number of short-time events, thus of very-low mass stars and brown dwarfs, compared with observations. This, again, supports the suggestion that brown dwarfs and stars form predominantly via the same mechanism. We show that claims for different IMFs in the stellar and substellar domains rather arise from an incorrect parameterization of the IMF. Furthermore, we show that the IMF in the central regions of the bulge seems to be bottom-heavy, as illustrated by the large number of short-time events compared with the other regions. This recalls our previous analysis of the IMF in massive early type galaxies and suggests the same kind of two-phase formation scenario, with the central bulge initially formed under more violent, burst-like conditions than the rest of the Galaxy., To appear in ApJ Letters

International audience; Portail Calcul Stockage Cloud (PCSC) is a project to build a collaborative directory for computing infrastructures (computing, data storage and cloud usages).The project is opened, jointly built and easily accessible.The main targets are:• to map out existing infrastructures (in JSON format and EOSC portal compliant)• to help users to choose the right infrastructure• to provide documentation on the use of infrastructures including a glossary, tips and tricks and usage docs.; Le Portail Calcul Stockage Cloud (PCSC) est un projet d'annuaire collaboratif des solutions de calcul, de stockage et de cloud.Le projet est ouvert, construit collectivement et facilement accessible.Objectifs :• inventorier les infrastructures existantes (outil d'aide à la saisie en ligne, description au format JSON, compatibilité avec le portail européen EOSC),• accompagner les utilisateurs dans le choix d’une infrastructure (sélection, condition d'accès, etc.),• documenter l'usage des solutions de calcul, de stockage ou de cloud (explication et description des solutions, comment les utiliser, cas d'usages, glossaire,trucs et astuces).

BackgroundSpontaneous miscarriage (SM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. Its psychological repercussions are widely documented but few studies have investigated its effect on women’s experience of a subsequent pregnancy.AimTo evaluate the impact of prior SM on the level of stress experienced by pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy.Design and settingCross-sectional, observational study, which was conducted between June and October 2021 in France.MethodA self-report questionnaire was distributed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Stress was assessed using the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory to yield an overall score and a score for three dimensions ('medical and obstetric risks or fetal health'; 'psychosocial changes during pregnancy'; and the ‘prospect of childbirth'). Women with a history of prior SM and those without were compared.ResultsIn total, 93 women were included; 63 without and 30 with a history of prior SM. Prior SM was not associated with the overall score. The score for the dimension 'medical and obstetric risks or fetal health' was significantly higher in women with prior SM (3.00±0.86 versus 2.34±0.80;β= 0.61 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.25 to 0.96];P= 0.001). Prior SM was significantly associated with the items 'the baby’s health' (P= 0.048) and 'the echography' (P= 0.002).ConclusionThis study shows a significant impact of prior SM on the level of stress of pregnant women during the first trimester, particularly relating to the medical and obstetric risks or fetal health, underlining the need for appropriate psychological support to be provided to women who experience SM.

Inspired by the statistical mechanics of an ensemble of interacting particles (BBGKY hierarchy), we propose to account for small-scale inhomogeneities in self-gravitating astrophysical fluids by deriving a non-ideal Virial theorem and non-ideal Navier-Stokes equations using a decomposition of the gravitational force into a near- and far-field component. These equations involve the pair radial distribution function (similar to the two-point correlation function), similarly to the interaction energy and equation of state in liquids. Small-scale correlations lead to a non-ideal amplification of the gravitational interaction energy, whose omission leads to a missing mass problem, e.g., in galaxies and galaxy clusters. We also propose an extension of the Friedmann equations in the non-ideal regime. We estimate the non-ideal amplification factor of the gravitational interaction energy of the baryons to lie between 5 and 20, potentially explaining the observed value of the Hubble parameter. Within this framework, the acceleration of the expansion emerges naturally because of the increasing number of sub-structures induced by gravitational collapse, which increases their contribution to the total gravitational energy. A simple estimate predicts a non-ideal deceleration parameter qni~-1;this is potentially the first determination of the observed value based on an intuitively physical argument. We suggest that correlations and gravitational interactions could produce a transition to a viscous regime that can lead to flat rotation curves. This transition could also explain the dichotomy between (Keplerian) LSB elliptical galaxy and (non-Keplerian) spiral galaxy rotation profiles. Overall, our results demonstrate that non-ideal effects induced by inhomogeneities must be taken into account in order to properly determine the gravitational dynamics of galaxies and the larger scale universe., Accepted in A&A

Either based on voltage, LASER or electro-magnetic disturbances, fault attacks represent an ever growing threat to cryptographic implementations, all the more when multiple-fault scenarios are considered. The state-of-the-art of fault countermeasures is essentially divided into two paradigms: Detection-based and infection-based countermeasures. The simple concept of detection-based countermeasures has been proven efficient to counteract fault attacks and easily extendable to handle high-order fault models. On the other hand, the design of infective countermeasures is much more challenging since most proposals have been broken in a single-fault setting. In this paper we present a new infective countermeasure framework fit for any symmetric cryptosystem. This framework takes into account the fatal flaws of previous infective proposals. Our framework can be instantiated in various flavours depending on the context of use and the available software or hardware components. In addition, we describe how our framework can be set-up to handle high-order fault attacks. As far as we know, this is the first time an infective countermeasure proposes such a feature.

Arterial ischemic stroke in children Stroke in children is an event of sudden occurrence with severe impact on the child's life. Most children will have consequences, lasting all lifelong. Early recognition of first symptoms, most often unilateral sudden motor deficit, is crucial to launch a pediatric stroke alert. MRI is the first and only imaging modality in this setting. Written protocols of early management improve early management for all patients. Rapid management permits the opportunity to consider recanalization treatments (intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy) in selected patients. Follow-up must be prolonged, adjusted to the age of stroke occurrence and to the personal developmental trajectory. Not only motor and cognitive deficits are considered, but also social participation and the preparation of the child's adult life.Accident vasculaire ischémique cérébral chez l’enfant L’accident vasculaire ischémique cérébral chez l’enfant est un événement soudain aux conséquences graves, puisque la majorité d’entre eux en gardent des séquelles. La reconnaissance précoce des signes aigus, le plus souvent un déficit moteur unilatéral, doit mener à une prise en charge en urgence adaptée, au sein d’une filière identifiée. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique est à réaliser en première intention. La prise en charge urgente permet d’envisager des traitements de recanalisation (trombolyse, thrombectomie) chez certains patients et d’améliorer l’ensemble de la prise en charge pour tous. Le suivi est prolongé, ajusté à l’âge de survenue, au parcours développemental, et s’attache aux plans moteur, cognitif ainsi qu’à la participation sociale et la préparation de sa future vie d’adulte.