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We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the dispersion of the cavity-magnon-polariton (CMP) in a 1D configuration, created by inserting a low damping magnetic insulator into a high-quality 1D microwave cavity. By simplifying the full-wave simulation based on the transfer matrix approach in the long wavelength limit, an analytic approximation of the CMP dispersion has been obtained. The resultant coupling strength of the CMP shows different dependence on the sample thickness as well as the permittivity of the sample, determined by the parity of the cavity modes. These scaling effects of the cavity and material parameters are confirmed by experimental data. Our work provide a detailed understanding of the 1D CMP, which could help to engineer coupled magnon-photon system.

Based on a detailed discussion of the energy band structure and optical transitions in very long wavelength () GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), we have built a practical QWIP model. We have studied various key factors that determine the photogenerated carriers and detection wavelength of very long wavelength QWIPs. Consequently, we have found and confirmed a distinctive difference between the photocurrent of QWIPs with only one confined state in the quantum well (QW) and those binding two confined states, which resulted in a different dependence of the detection wavelength on the QW width. Also, we have discussed the dependence of the response wavelength on several other parameters for very long wavelength QWIPs, such as barrier width and Al mole fraction. Afterwards, a series of very long wavelength QWIP devices have been fabricated and measured, whose photocurrents are well reproduced by our calculation. Based on the theoretical model and experimental data, a simple and convenient polynomial equation has been deduced, using structure parameters of very long wavelength QWIPs to calculate the detection wavelength and offering convenience in device designing.

We report an improved measurement of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. We exclude a zero value for $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Electron antineutrinos from six reactors of 2.9 GW$_{\rm th}$ were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baselines of 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. Using 139 days of data, 28909 (205308) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to the expected number of antineutrinos assuming no oscillations at the far hall is $0.944\pm 0.007({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.003({\rm syst.})$. An analysis of the relative rates in six detectors finds $\sin^22\theta_{13}=0.089\pm 0.010({\rm stat.})\pm0.005({\rm syst.})$ in a three-neutrino framework., Comment: 21 pages, 24 figures. Submitted to and accepted by Chinese Physics C. Two typos were corrected. Description improved

Considering different universality classes of the QCD phase transitions, we perform the Monte Carlo simulations of the 3-dimensional $O(1, 2, 4)$ models at vanishing and non-vanishing external field, respectively. Interesting high cumulants of the order parameter and energy from O(1) (Ising) spin model, and the cumulants of the energy from O(2) and O(4) spin models are presented. The critical features of the cumulants are discussed. They are instructive to the high cumulants of the net baryon number in the QCD phase transitions., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Single dopings of Mn and Fe in Si are investigated using 8-, 64-, and 216-atom supercells and a first-principles method based on density functional theory. Between the two transition metal elements (TMEs), atom sizes play an essential role in determining the contraction or the expansion of neighboring atoms around the TME dopant at a substitutional site. At a tetrahedral interstitial site, there is only expansion. Magnetic moments/TME at the two sites are calculated. Physical origins for these inter-related properties are discussed. A few suggestions about the growth of these Si-based alloys are given., 5 figures

It is argued that in relativistic heavy ion collisions, due to limited size of the formed matter, the reliable criterion of critical point is finite-size scaling, rather than non-monotonous behavior of observable. How to locate critical point by finite-size scaling is proposed. The data of $\pt$ correlation from RHIC/STAR are analyzed. Critical points are likely observed around $\sqrt s =62$ and 200 GeV. They could be, respectively, the transition of deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration predicted by lattice-QCD. Further confirmation with other observable and energies is suggested., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However, we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed., Comment: 17 pages, no figures

Using density functional theory we show that an applied electric field substantially improves the hydrogen storage properties of a BN sheet by polarizing the hydrogen molecules as well as the substrate. The adsorption energy of a single H2 molecule in the presence of an electric field of 0.05 a.u. is 0.48 eV compared to 0.07 eV in its absence. When one layer of H2 molecules is adsorbed, the binding energy per H2 molecule increases from 0.03 eV in the field-free case to 0.14 eV/H2 in the presence of an electric field of 0.045 a.u. The corresponding gravimetric density of 7.5 wt % is consistent with the 6 wt % system target set by DOE for 2010. Once the applied electric field is removed, the stored H2 molecules can be easily released, thus making the storage reversible., Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. 15 pages with 6 figures

The phase transition of hard-sphere Heisenberg and Neutral Hard spheres mixture fluids has been investigated with the density functional theory in mean-field approximation (MF). The matrix of second derivatives of the grand canonical potential $\Omega$ with respect to the total density, concentration, and the magnetization fluctuations has been investigated and diagonalized. The zero of the smallest eigenvalue $\lambda_s$ signalizes the phase instability and the related eigenvector $\textbf{x}_s$ characterizes this phase transition. We find a Curie line where the order parameter is pure magnetization and a mixed spinodal where the order parameter is a mixture of total density, concentration, and magnetization. Although in the fixed total number density or temperature sections the obtained spinodal diagrams are quite similar topology, the predominant phase instabilities are considerable different by analyzing $\textbf{x}_s$ in density-concentration-magnetization fluctuations space. Furthermore the spinodal diagrams in the different fixed concentration are topologically different., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently defined gauge invariantly. 2) These gauge-invariant quantities can be conveniently computed via the canonical, gauge-dependent operators (e.g, $\psi ^\dagger \vec x \times\frac 1i \vec \nabla \psi$) in the Coulomb gauge, which is in fact what people (unconsciously) do in atomic physics. 3) The renowned formula $\vec x\times(\vec E\times\vec B)$ is a wrong density for the electromagnetic angular momentum. The angular distribution of angular-momentum flow in polarized atomic radiation is properly described not by this formula, but by the gauge invariant quantities defined here. The QCD paper [arXiv:0907.1284] will give a non-trivial generalization to non-Abelian gauge theories, and discuss the connection to nucleon spin structure., Comment: 3 pages, no figure; in series with ``Spin and orbital angular momentum in gauge theories (II): QCD and nucleon spin structure'', arXiv:0709.1284[hep-ph]

Parallel to the construction of gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum for QED in paper (I) of this series, we present here an analogous but non-trivial solution for QCD. Explicitly gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum operators of quarks and gluons are obtained. This was previously thought to be an impossible task, and opens a more promising avenue towards the understanding of the nucleon spin structure., 3 pages, no figure; presented by F. Wang at NSTAR2007

Genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in developed and developing countries. The monitoring of HSV‐2 seroprevalence in pregnant women can identify women at a higher risk of HIV and of neonatal HSV transmission. Very few data are available on type specific seroprevalence of HSV‐2 in China, with only one previous study from southern China. Consequently, we conducted a survey to determine type specific seroprevalence of HSV‐2 and associated risk factors in Fuzhou City, eastern China.

To measure prevalence of syphilis among the STI clinic population in Guangxi, China, and to assess the socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics associated with the infection.

Undoped GaN-based metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors !MOS-HEMTs" with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate dielectrics are fabricated with gate lengths from 1 up to 40 !m. Using a two-dimensional numerical simulator, we report the results of self-heating simulations of the GaN-based MOS-HEMTs, including hot electron and quantum effects. The simulated electrical characteristics are in good agreement with reported experimental data. The effect of the gate and source/drain extension lengths on both the output performance and self-heating is discussed in detail, allowing for device optimization. The dissipated Joule electric power causes the self-heating effects, which lead to negative differential output conductance. Our results demonstrate that the hot electrons make a negligible contribution to the negative differential output conductance in our long channel MOS-HEMTs. In order to investigate their joint interactions to the MOS-HEMT’s operation, the different static interface trap and charge densities created at the AlGaN/Al2O3 interface are considered in the output characteristics. Results show that the presence of the interface charges and traps are directly responsible for the observed current collapse and device switching in the GaN-based MOS-HEMTs. The self-heating is also strongly affected due to the fluctuation of the interface states.

We present the results of a one-loop calculation of the effect of a van der Waals type interaction potential $\sim | {\bf x} |^{-d-\sigma}$ on the critical Casimir force and specific heat of confined $^4$He near the superfluid transition. We consider a $^4$He film of thickness $L$. In the region $L \gtrsim \xi$ (correlation length) we find that the van der Waals interaction causes a leading non-universal non-scaling contribution of $O (\xi^2 L^{-d-\sigma})$ to the critical temperature dependence of the Casimir force above $T_\lambda$ that dominates the universal scaling contribution $\sim e^{- L/\xi}$ predicted by earlier theories. For the specific heat we find subleading non-scaling contributions of $O(L^{-1})$ and $O(L^{-d-\sigma})$., Comment: 2 pages, submitted to LT23 Proceedings on June 14, 2002, accepted for publication in Physica B on September 12, 2002

The singular part of the finite-size free energy density $f_s$ of the O($n$) symmetric $\phi^4$ field theory is calculated for confined geometries of linear size L with periodic boundary conditions in the large-N limit and with Dirichlet boundary conditions in one-loop order. We find that both a sharp cutoff and a subleading long-range interaction cause a non-universal L dependence of $f_s$ near $T_c$. For film geometry this implies a non-universal critical Casimir force with an algebraic L dependence that dominates the exponential finite-size scaling behavior above $T_c$ for both periodic and Dirichlet boundary conditions., Comment: 4 pages, no figure

OBJECTIVE: To report the epidemiological trends of leprosy in China from 1949 to 1998. METHOD: Data for the study were obtained from the computerized database of the National System of Leprosy Surveillance. FINDINGS: A total of 474,774 leprosy patients were detected during this 50-year period. Case detection rates per 100,000 population were highest in the 1950s and 1960s, with peaks appearing in 1957-58, 1963-66, 1969-70, and 1983-84, corresponding to mass surveys or screening surveys carried out in most areas or selected areas of the country. While the duration of the disease at the time of detection fell over the period, the disability rates, which were > 50% in the early 1950s, have decreased gradually to 20.8% by 1997-98 but are still too high. More than 50% of cases were found through active methods in the periods 1955-58, 1965-66, and 1969-76, but in recent years cases are mostly detected through dermatological clinics or by voluntary reporting. The peak prevalences of the 1960s (i.e. > 2 per 10,000 population) decreased annually from the 1970s onwards. By the end of 1998 the prevalence was 0.05 per 10,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that leprosy was well controlled in China and that the WHO goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem has been achieved at the national and subnational levels. However, leprosy is still unevenly distributed in the country. According to the criterion for leprosy elimination in China--defined as a prevalence of < 1 per 100,000 in county or city--there are still more than 10% of counties or cities where this target has not yet been reached. Special attention must therefore be given to achieve elimination and final eradication of leprosy in China.

We analyze universal and nonuniversal finite-size effects of lattice systems in a $L^d$ geometry above the upper critical dimension d = 4 within the O(n) symmetric $\phi^4$ lattice theory. On the basis of exact results for $n \to\infty$ and one-loop results for n = 1 we identify significant lattice effects that cannot be explained by the $\phi^4$ continuum theory. Our analysis resolves longstanding discrepancies between earlier asymptotic theories and Monte Carlo (MC) data for the five-dimensional Ising model of small size. We predict a {\it nonmonotonic} L dependence of the scaled susceptibility $\chi L^{-d/2}$ at $T_c$ with a weak maximum that has not yet been detected by MC data., Comment: LaTex, 4 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

The strangeness contribution to the nucleon magnetic moment is calculated at the one-loop level in a relativistic SU(3) chiral potential model and is found to be {\em positive}, that is, with an {\em opposite} sign to the nucleon strangeness polarization. It is the ``Z'' diagram that violates the usual relation between spin and magnetic moment. The positive value is due to the contribution from the intermediate excited quark states, while the intermediate ground state gives a negative contribution. Our numerical results agree quite well with the new measurement of the SAMPLE Collaboration., 4 pages revtex, 5 eps figures; replaced with the version submitted for publication

We perform a one-loop calculation of the strange quark polarization ($\Delta s$) of the nucleon in a SU(3) chiral potential model. We find that if the intermediate excited quark states are summed over in a proper way, i.e., summed up to a given energy instead of given radial and orbital quantum numbers, $\Delta s$ turns out to be almost independent of {\em all} the model parameters: quark masses, scalar- and vector-potential strengths. The contribution from the quark-antiquark pair creation and annihilation ``$Z$'' diagrams is found to be significant. Our numerical results agree quite reasonably with experiments and lattice QCD calculations., Comment: 4 pages revtex, 5 eps figures; more extensive model parameters are studied

Non-conserved composite operators like the quark axial current have divergent matrix elements therefore must be renormalized. We explore how this can be done in quark model calculations where the systematic procedure of dimensional regularization and minimal subtraction is not applicable. We propose a most natural and convenient regularization scheme of cutting the intermediate quark states over which we sum in loop diagram calculations at a certain energy. We show that this scheme works perfectly for the quark axial current and we obtain the quark spin contribution to the proton spin: $\Delta_u=0.82$, $\Delta_d=-0.43$, $\Delta_s=-0.10$, which is in excellent agreement with experiments., Comment: 4 pages revtex, 5 eps figures

We study cutoff and lattice effects in the O(n) symmetric $\phi^4$ theory for a $d$-dimensional cubic geometry of size $L$ with periodic boundary conditions. In the large-N limit above $T_c$, we show that $\phi^4$ field theory at finite cutoff $\Lambda$ predicts the nonuniversal deviation $\sim (\Lambda L)^{-2}$ from asymptotic bulk critical behavior that violates finite-size scaling and disagrees with the deviation $\sim e^{-cL}$ that we find in the $\phi^4$ lattice model. The exponential size dependence requires a non-perturbative treatment of the $\phi^4$ model. Our arguments indicate that these results should be valid for general $n$ and $d > 2$., Comment: LaTex, 10 pages, Eur. Phys. J. B 7, 183 (1999)

We present a perturbative calculation of finite-size effects near $T_c$ of the $��^4$ lattice model in a $d$-dimensional cubic geometry of size $L$ with periodic boundary conditions for $d > 4$. The structural differences between the $��^4$ lattice theory and the $��^4$ field theory found previously in the spherical limit are shown to exist also for a finite number of components of the order parameter. The two-variable finite-size scaling functions of the field theory are nonuniversal whereas those of the lattice theory are independent of the nonuniversal model parameters.One-loop results for finite-size scaling functions are derived. Their structure disagrees with the single-variable scaling form of the lowest-mode approximation for any finite $��/L$ where $��$ is the bulk correlation length. At $T_c$, the large-$L$ behavior becomes lowest-mode like for the lattice model but not for the field-theoretic model. Characteristic temperatures close to $T_c$ of the lattice model, such as $T_{max}(L)$ of the maximum of the susceptibility $��$, are found to scale asymptotically as $T_c - T_{max}(L) \sim L^{-d/2}$, in agreement with previous Monte Carlo (MC) data for the five-dimensional Ising model. We also predict $��_{max} \sim L^{d/2}$ asymptotically. On a quantitative level, the asymptotic amplitudes of this large -$L$ behavior close to $T_c$ have not been observed in previous MC simulations at $d = 5$ because of nonnegligible finite-size terms $\sim L^{(4-d)/2}$ caused by the inhomogeneous modes. These terms identify the possible origin of a significant discrepancy between the lowest-mode approximation and previous MC data. MC data of larger systems would be desirable for testing the magnitude of the $L^{(4-d)/2}$ and $L^{4-d}$ terms predicted by our theory., Accepted in Int. J. Mod. Phys. C

We demonstrate that the standard O(n) symmetric $\phi^{4}$ field theory does not correctly describe the leading finite-size effects near the critical point of spin systems on a $d$-dimensional lattice with $d > 4$. We show that these finite-size effects require a description in terms of a lattice Hamiltonian. For $n \to \infty$ and $n=1$ explicit results are given for the susceptibility and for the Binder cumulant. They imply that recent analyses of Monte-Carlo results for the five-dimensional Ising model are not conclusive., Comment: 4 pages, latex, 1 figure

We demonstrate that the standard O(n) symmetric $��^{4}$ field theory does not correctly describe the leading finite-size effects near the critical point of spin systems on a $d$-dimensional lattice with $d > 4$. We show that these finite-size effects require a description in terms of a lattice Hamiltonian. For $n \to \infty$ and $n=1$ explicit results are given for the susceptibility and for the Binder cumulant. They imply that recent analyses of Monte-Carlo results for the five-dimensional Ising model are not conclusive., 4 pages, latex, 1 figure

Syphilis has made a dramatic resurgence in China during the past two decades. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), sexually transmitted infections (STI) were so uncommon that they were removed from standard Chinese medical training curricula.1 As China's market economy expanded during 1980s economic reforms, reported STI, including syphilis infection, quickly re-appeared. An evolving STI reporting infrastructure largely assembled in the 1990s has noted increasing syphilis cases, particularly during the past 5 years (figure 1).2 3 Now syphilis is among the top five reported communicable diseases in many major province-level municipalities and provinces.4 While China's syphilis case reporting system and potential determinants of spread have been outlined in other reviews,2 there have been many studies on syphilis infection among female sex workers (FSW),5 6 this review analyses syphilis in China from the perspective of two critical high-risk populations: men who have sex with men (MSM) and low-tier FSW. Here we define low-tier FSW as women who usually solicit clients on the street or public outdoor places and sell sex for less than approximately €2–10 per client. Although preventing adverse outcomes associated with syphilis in pregnancy is important,7 this review focuses …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive nervous system cancer. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomic data on 99 treatment-naive GBMs provides insights to GBM biology. We identify key phosphorylation events (e.g., phosphorylated PTPN11 and PLCG1) as potential switches mediating oncogenic pathway activation, as well as potential targets for EGFR-, TP53-, and RB1-altered tumors. Immune subtypes with distinct immune cell types are discovered using bulk omics methodologies, validated by snRNA-seq, and correlated with specific expression and histone acetylation patterns. Histone H2B acetylation in classical-like and immune-low GBM is driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data identify specific lipid distributions across subtypes and distinct global metabolic changes in IDH-mutated tumors. This work highlights biological relationships that could contribute to stratification of GBM patients for more effective treatment. Wang et al. perform integrated proteogenomic analysis of adult glioblastoma (GBM), including metabolomics, lipidomics, and single nuclei RNA-Seq, revealing insights into the immune landscape of GBM, cell-specific nature of EMT signatures, histone acetylation in classical GBM, and the existence of signaling hubs which could provide therapeutic vulnerabilities.

PubMed ID: 30010907, The population dynamics of the blister beetle, Epicauta impressicornis (Pic) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) had been investigated from 2014 to 2016 in field. The results showed that E. impressicornis is univoltine and overwintered in the fifth instar in the Luodian area of Guizhou, China. The biological and ecological characteristic of the beetle were analyzed at six temperatures (i.e., 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36°C) in the laboratory using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The developmental duration, longevity, and total preoviposition period were significantly shortened with increases in temperatures. The adult preoviposition periods at 24, 27, and 30°C were significantly longer than at other temperatures, while the fecundities at 27 and 30°C were significantly higher than at other temperatures. Life expectancy (? xj ) decreased with age and the reproductive value (v xj ) increased with age. The intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.0921 d -1 ) and finite rate (? = 1.0965 d -1 ) were the highest at 33°C, followed by 30°C (r = 0.0758 d -1 , ? = 1.0788 d -1 ). Although the net reproductive rate (R 0 = 17.63 offspring) was the lowest at 36°C, the values of r (0.0724 d -1 ) and ? (1.0751 d -1 ) were higher at 36°C than those at 21, 24, and 27°C. Our analysis for a mass-rearing system showed the most efficient and economical strategy would be to rear E. impressicornis at 30-33°C. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved., Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Henan Province University Innovation Talents Support Program National Natural Science Foundation of China, We thank Dr. Cecil Smith (University of Georgia, USA) for language editing of this manuscript. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81460576), the Program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team, Guizhou Province, China (No. 20144001), and the Program of Excellent Innovation Talents, Guizhou Province, China (No. 20154021).