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肺腺癌的早期精準診斷以及其抗藥性的生成一直是臨床上的挑戰。近年來發現 到微核酸 29C 以及類二型賴氨酸氧化酶分別扮演的抑癌以及促癌角色。然而,微核 酸 29C/ 類二型賴氨酸氧化酶軸線的臨床意義以及生物功能尚未釐清。本研究應用 多體學策略探討微核酸 29C/ 類二型賴氨酸氧化酶軸線是否可作為肺腺癌預測模組以 及作為治療標的的潛力。自 cBioPortal 伺服器擷取 7,561 件肺腺癌檢體中,微核酸 29C 的突變光譜展現隨機分布,擴增率僅 3%,且基因套數變化不影響病人存活時 間。相比之下,低表達微核酸 29C 與短存活時間顯著相關,且與類二型賴氨酸氧化 酶呈現負相關。高表達類二型賴氨酸氧化酶與短存活時間顯著相關,並且與 CD8 陽 性 T 細胞呈現負相關,而與癌相關纖維母細胞呈現正相關,顯示出抑制免疫的腫瘤 微環境特徵。此外,微核酸 29C 與臨床分期呈現負向關聯性。TargetScan 生資工具 預測出微核酸 29C 的 3’ 端可標靶類二型賴氨酸氧化酶的兩處 3’ 端未轉譯區,核苷 酸位序 555-561 以及 757-763,表明微核酸 29C 有抑制類二型賴氨酸氧化酶的潛力。 總結本研究發現低表達微核酸 29C 連同高表達類二型賴氨酸氧化酶可預測肺腺癌不 良預後。微核酸 29C/ 類二型賴氨酸氧化酶軸線指出一肺腺癌新生物路徑以及治療 標的。 The early, precise diagnosis and drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a challenging issue. The tumor suppression role of microRNA- 29C (MIR29C) and the tumor promotion role of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) have recently been observed. However, the clinical implication and biological function of MIR29C/lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) axis remains unclear. In this study, we utilized the multi-omic approach to investigate whether the MIR29C/LOXL2 axis can serve as a prediction panel and determine its potential as therapeutic targets. Using the cBioPortal server, the mutation landscape of MIR29C in LUAD samples showed that the mutation spectrum presented a random distribution and the amplification rate was as low as 3%, while LOXL2 presented as 6%. The copy number alteration of MIR29C had no effect on the overall survival (OS) rate, whereas that of LOXL2 was associated with poor OS. In contrast, the low expression of MIR29C was significantly associated with shorter OS. MIR29C negatively correlated with LOXL2 mRNA level. High expression of LOXL2 was significantly associated with shorter OS, and connected with lower infiltration levels of CD8+T cells and higher infiltrate levels of cancer associated fibroblast, representing hallmarks of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, MIR29C showed a negative association with advanced stages. Using TargetScan Release 7.2, MIR29C-3p was predicted to target LOXL2 3’UTR at position 555-561 and position 757-763, suggesting its inhibitory potential on LOXL2 expression. In summary, this study revealed that low expression of MIR29C and high expression of LOXL2 predict poor outcomes for LUAD patients. The MIR29C/LOXL2 axis may point out a new biological pathway that could be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD. &nbsp

Aims and objectives: To compare the frequency of nurse-provided spiritual care across diverse cultures. Background: Given an ethical imperative to respect patient spirituality and religiosity, nurses are increasingly taught and expected to provide spiritual care. Although nurses report positive attitudes toward spiritual care, they typically self-report providing it infrequently. Evidence about the reported frequency of spiritual care is constrained by substantial variation in its measurement. Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive study involved secondary analysis of data collected in multiple sites globally using one quantitative instrument. Methods: Data were collected from practicing nurses using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis procedure with random-effect modelling. Datasets from 16 studies completed in Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Turkey and the United States contributed to a pooled sample (n = 4062). STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional observational studies were observed. Results: Spiritual care varied between countries and within countries. It was slightly more frequent within Islamic cultures compared with predominantly Christian cultures. Likewise, frequency of spiritual care differed between nurses in palliative care, predominantly hospital/inpatient settings, and skilled nursing homes. Overall, “Remaining present…” was the most frequent therapeutic, whereas documenting spiritual care and making arrangements for the patient's clergy or a chaplain to visit were among the most infrequent therapeutics. Conclusions: In widely varying degrees of frequency, nurses around the world provide care that is cognisant of the spiritual and religious responses to living with health challenges. Future research should be designed to adjust for the multiple factors that may contribute to nurses providing spiritual care. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings offer a benchmark and begin to inform nurse leaders about what may be normative in practice. They also encourage nurses providing direct patient care that they are not alone and inform educators about what instruction future nurses require.

Li, Jian-An, Shi, Ming-Peng, Cong, Lin, Gu, Ming-Yu, Chen, Yi-Heng, Wang, Si-Yi, Li, Zhen-Hua, Zan, Chun-Fang, Wei, Wan-Fu (2019): Erratum to "A Tale of Two Setae: How Morphology and ITS2 Help Delimit a Cryptic Species Complex in Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)". Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 3 (5), No. 10: 1-1, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixz021, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.353504

Objectives: This article is a systematic review of the published literature about the biomechanics, functional outcomes, and complications of a locked plate as an external fixator in treating tibial fractures. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve the relevant studies. Studies published in English and Chinese which assessed adult patients and more than 4 cases who had sustained any type of fresh tibial fracture treated with the external locking plate, provided that they reported functional outcomes, range of motion (ROM), union or complication rates, and the biomechanical studies of external locked plating are also included. Results: The electronic search strategy revealed 248 studies, and 2 studies were identified as relevant through manual search of references. Finally, 12 studies were included in this systematic review. These consist of 3 pure biomechanical studies, 8 case series, and 1 study including both of biomechanics and case series. Due to the heterogeneity of biomechanical studies, we can only conclude that external locked plate shows inferior structural stiffness than internal locked plate. The clinical studies reported that external locked plating gave a satisfactory ROM of the knee and ankle, functional outcomes, union rate, and low complication rate. Conclusions: We can only conclude that external locked plate shows inferior structural stiffness than internal locked plate because of the heterogeneity of biomechanical studies. The clinical studies showed locked plating as an external fixator in treating tibial fractures can be considered as a safe and successful procedure. However, as yet, there is unconvincing evidence that it is superior to standard techniques with regards to clinical and functional outcomes. More and well-designed studies about this technique should be carried out.

The problem of finite bimaterial plates with an edge crack along the interface is studied. A complex variable boundary element method is presented and applied to determine the stress intensity factor for finite bimaterial plates. Using the pseudo-orthogonal characteristic of the eigenfunction expansion forms and the well-known Bueckner work conjugate integral and taking the different complex potentials as auxiliary fields, the interfacial stress intensity factors associated with the physical stress-displacement fields are evaluated. The effects of material properties and crack geometry on stress intensity factors are investigated. The numerical examples for three typical specimens with six different combinations of the bimaterial are given.

Comninou's [1] eigenfunction expansion form for an interface crack with completely closed faces is studied in more detail. The important properties found by Chen [18] for an open crack in homogeneous plane elasticity are proved to be valid in the closure interface crack problems. However, the integral proposed by Bueckner [17] and Chen [18] is proved to be dependent on the coordinates of the integral endpoints on the upper and lower faces since the faces are no longer traction-free. This suggests that the Bueckner-Chen integral has a different nature from the J- integral . It is concluded also that there are no universal relations between these two kinds of path-independent integrals under special conditions.

This paper deals with the elastic interaction between a main-crack and a parallel microcrack in an orthotropic plane elastic solid. The pseudo-traction method proposed by Chen [ Engng Fract. Mech. 20 , 591–597 and 767–776 (1984a, b)], and Horii and Nemat-Nasser [ Int. J. Solids Structures 21 , 731–745 (1985)] in isotropic cases is extended into orthotropic cases. After introducing two kinds of fundamental solutions, a system of Fredholm integral equations is derived from which the interaction effect of the release of residual stresses due to near-tip micro-cracking is evaluated. Numerical results are shown in figures and tables. Some useful conclusions are discussed.

The important property of the eigenfunction expansion form found by Chen [ Engng Fracture Mech . 22 , 673–686 (1985)] is found as the pseudo-orthogonal property. The analysis of this property and relative integral for a semi-infinite crack with completely closed surfaces in homogeneous plane elasticity is studied in detail. It is found that the integral proposed by Bueckner [in Mechanics of Fracture , Vol. 1, pp. 239–314 (1973)] and Chen is no longer path-independent in this circumstance. The differences between the present investigation and that of Chen are discussed.

The analysis of a finite flat inclusion in an orthotropic plane elastic body with purely imaginary characteristic roots under inclined uniform loading at infinity is performed using Lekhnitskii's theory. The major features of the problem are exhibited and discussed.