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The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of corruption on extreme wealth of individuals included in Forbes list of super-rich over the period 2006-2015. The methodology used is sys-GMM since it allows to control heterogeneity/ endogeneity among individuals. Three novel and different measures of direct corruption are used. The main finding shows that structural corruption positively affects individual extreme wealth, in a context of political/institutional, economic and personal factors. Although it is identified that sporadic or one-time corruption limits extreme wealth. Nevertheless, it is also found that the extreme accumulation is based on a combination of factors, such as meritocratic, non-meritocratic, and personal traits. In any case, this tends to perpetuate the corrupt systems and their accumulated effect on elites. Based on the foregoing, this research recommends certain corruption control mechanisms such as: the establishment of a global tax on extreme wealth, teamwork between the company, civil society and the government, public and private anti-corruption measures and a public investment of high quality that promotes more public well-being.

El COVID-19 ha afectado el desarrollo de las actividades económicas y ha aumentado el desempleo. La alternativa más viable es promover el emprendimiento. El emprendimiento digital tomó mayor importancia ante el confinamiento impuesto para frenar la propagación del COVID-19. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar algunas áreas de trabajo para el desarrollo del emprendimiento digital con el objetivo de promover el autoempleo de los jóvenes. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con alcance transversal y descriptivo utilizando fuentes secundarias. Los resultados muestran que las herramientas tecnológicas como el Marketing de Contenidos y Redes Sociales, Inteligencia Artificial, Impresión 3D, Realidad Virtual, Big Data, Dispositivos a través de la Voz, Robotización, automatización y transformación digital de empresas, Comercio Electrónico y Ocio Digital son la nueva fuente para el desarrollo empresarial. Si bien México está preparado para la implementación de negocios vía Internet, cabe señalar que aún existen barreras como la burocracia, capacitación, mayor inversión, desconocimiento y resistencia al cambio. Entonces, es urgente desarrollar estrategias colaborativas público-privadas-académicas para fortalecer las instituciones, la infraestructura y las capacidades humanas enfocadas en las nuevas tecnologías para garantizar el empleo digno para la generación Z, también conocida como la generación Centennials, los nacidos entre 1995 y 2010., COVID-19 has affected the development of economic activities and increased unemployment around the world. The most viable alternative is to promote entrepreneurship. Digital entrepreneurship took on greater importance in the face of the confinement imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19. The objective of this research is to analyze some work areas for the development of digital entrepreneurship with the aim of promoting self-employment of young people. A qualitative methodology with cross-sectional and descriptive scope was used using secondary sources. The results of this study show that technological tools are the new source for business development as Content Marketing and Social Networks, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing, Virtual Reality, Big Data, Devices through the Voice, Robotization, automation and digital transformation of companies, Electronic Commerce and Digital Leisure just to mention these. Although Mexico is prepared for the implementation of businesses via the Internet, it should be noted that there are still barriers such as bureaucracy, training, greater investment, ignorance and resistance to change. Then, it is urgent to develop collaborative public-private-academy strategies to strengthen institutions, infrastructure and human skills focused on new technologies to guarantee decent employment for generation Z, also known as the Centennials generation, those born between 1995 and 2010.

El objetivo de este documento fue exponer una propuesta de desarrollo a partir de las aportaciones de Amartya Sen, para el combate a la pobreza en México, por eso se utilizó una metodología de tipo documental y descriptiva con datos del Banco mundial, transparency International, Committee to protect Journalists, del CONEVAL e IDH Los resultados muestran que en el caso de México el PIB per cápita no rebasa los 9,000 dólares, muy por debajo de los países como Luxemburgo que alcanza 105 mil dólares. Después, en materia de libertad de expresión, entre 1992 y 2019, 48 periodistas han perdido la vida en represaría por su trabajo, seis siendo mujeres. También, con respecto a los servicios educativos y de seguridad social, 21 millones de personas están en situación de rezago educativo. Finalmente, en mortalidad prematura, desnutrición y morbilidad, las principales causas de muerte son las enfermedades renales crónicas, los homicidios y accidentes de tráfico, así que los problemas de salud mental. Definir una agenda de largo plazo con políticas públicas en favor de los más vulnerables podría contribuir al combate contra la pobreza. The objective of this document was to present a development proposal based on the contributions of AmartyaSen, for the fight against poverty in Mexico, that is why a documentary and descriptive methodology was used with data from the World Bank, transparency International, Committee to protect Journalists, from CONEVAL and IDH The results show that in the case of Mexico. GDP per capita does not exceed $ 9,000, well below countries like Luxembourg, which reaches $ 105,000. Then, in terms of freedom of expression, between 1992 and 2019, 48 journalists have lost their lives in retaliation for their work, six being women. Also, with regard to educational and social security services, 21 million people are lagging behind in education. Finally, in premature mortality, malnutrition and morbidity, the main causes of death are chronic kidney diseases, homicides and traffic accidents, as well as mental health problems. Defining a long-term agenda with public policies in favor of the most vulnerable could contribute to the fight against poverty. 350-366 eduguscc@hotmail.com cesaire.chiatchoua@lasalle.mx Cuatrimestral www.saber.ula.ve/fermentum

This paper aims to complete an analysis of factors involved in the levels of psychological well-being in collaborators of Pharmaceutical Products of Mexico, as well as generating different proposals for psychological wellbeing improvement within the organization. This is a correlational, cross-sectional and field research, collaborators of clinical trial monitoring area compose the population, and a sample of 130 collaborators was obtained in which Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was applied to 82 women and 48 men. With the results obtained, consumption of anti-anxiety and anti-depressive drugs was identified as a factor that statistically correlate with the questionnaire results, the target groups with the lower well-being levels and the proposals for improvement on the organization were compiled. Finally, OHQ might be used as an improvement indicator of psychological well-being within organizations. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que intervienen en los niveles de bienestar psicológico en colaboradores de Productos Farmacéuticos de México, así como generar las diferentes propuestas de mejora en el bienestar psicológico dentro de la organización. Esta es una investigación de tipo correlacional, transversal y de campo, la población se compone de colaboradores del área de monitoreo de ensayos clínicos, se obtuvo una muestra de 130 colaboradores en donde se aplicó el Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) a 82 mujeres y 48 hombres. Con los resultados obtenidos se identificó que el factor que correlaciona estadísticamente con los resultados del cuestionario es el consumo de ansiolíticos y antidepresivos, así como los grupos diana que presentan niveles más bajos de bienestar y las propuestas de mejora sobre la organización. Finalmente, el OHQ se podrá utilizar como un indicador de mejora del bienestar psicológico dentro de las organizaciones.

This study examines the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Mexico within a multivariate framework in order to determine the degree to which energy consumption influences economic growth prospects in Mexico. Throughout this study, we look at the relation- ship between different forms of energies and economy growth. We used the granger causality test, which enabled us to verify the direction of causality between the variables of interest; the Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test, to test for serial correlation of the stochastic variable and the ADF to test for stationary of the model. The results showed that there is a bi- directional relationship between economic growth and energy consump- tion in Mexico. Looking at all the sectors of usage of energy, we found that electricity produced from coal, nuclear and hydroelectric sources impact positively on economic growth, whereas electricity produced from natural gas and oil highly negatively impact on economic growth.