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When meeting someone at zero acquaintance, we make assumptions about each other that encompass emotional states, personality traits, and even cognitive abilities. Evidence suggests individuals can accurately detect psychopathic personality traits in strangers based on short video clips or photographs of faces. We present an in-depth examination of this ability. In two studies, we investigated whether high psychopathy traits are perceivable and whether other traits affect ratings of psychopathic traits in the sense of a halo effect. On the perceiver’s end, we additionally examined how cognitive abilities and personality traits of the responders affect these ratings. In two studies (n1 = 170 community adults from the USA, n2 = 126 students from Australia), participants rated several targets on several characteristics of psychopathy, as well as on attractiveness, masculinity, sympathy, trustworthiness, neuroticism, intelligence, and extraversion. Results show that responders were generally able to detect psychopathy. Responders generally came to a consensus in their ratings, and using profile similarity metrics, we found a weak relation between ratings of psychopathy and the targets’ psychopathy level as determined by the Psychopathy Checklist: Short Version. Trait ratings, though, were influenced by the ratings of other traits like attractiveness. Finally, we found accuracy in the perception of psychopathy was positively related to fluid intelligence but unrelated to emotion perception ability., publishedVersion

Head or neck location of primary cutaneous melanomas has been described as an adverse prognostic factor, but this has to be reassessed after the introduction of sentinel lymph node (SLN) excision (SLNE). Descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models were used to study retrospectively a population of 2302 consecutive melanoma patients from three German melanoma centres undergoing SLNE. Approximately 10% of the patients (N=237) had a primary melanoma located at the head or neck (HNM). In both the SLN-positive and SLN-negative subpopulation, patients with HNM were significantly older, more frequently men and had thicker primaries compared with patients with tumours in other locations. The proportion of positive SLNs was lower in HNM compared with other locations of the primary (20 vs. 26%, P=0.048). The false-negative rate was higher in HNM (17.5 vs. 8.4%, P=0.05). In patients with HNM, the SLN status was a significant factor for recurrence-free survival but not for overall survival. SLN-negative HNM patients had a significantly worse overall survival than the SLN negatives with primaries at other sites, whereas the prognosis of the SLN-positive patients was similar in both groups. The prevalence of lymph node metastases after SLNE is lower in patients with HNM compared with other melanoma locations. As a result, the prognostic information provided by the SLN for HNM seems less important. Decision making for SLNE in HNM should be carefully balanced considering the potential morbidity of the procedure. Melanoma Res 00:000–000 c 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Melanoma Research 2013, 00:000–000

Schmerzen können neben körperlichen Ursachen auch seelische Hintergründe haben. Es handelt sich um Störungen, die vor einem anatomischen oder neurophysiologischen Hintergrund nicht erklärbar sind. Für Physiotherapeuten eine Herausforderung, den Behandlungshorizont zu erweitern. Christina Bader- Johansson über psychosomatische Aspekte der Physiotherapie.

Dieser Artikel zeigt die Situation der verschiedenen korperorientierten Therapien in den skandinavischen Landern Norwegen, Schweden, Danemark und Finnland. Bemerkenswert ist, dass vor allem in Norwegen und Schweden PhysiotherapeutInnen mit einer Spezialisierung in psychosomatischer und psychiatrischer Physiotherapie eine prominente Rolle im Bereich mentaler Gesundheit spielen. In Schweden gibt es ein paar wenige KorperpsychotherapeutInnen, aber keine Ausbildung. In Danemark hingegen finden sich zwei Korperpsychotherapieausbildungen, Bodynamic und das Life Energy Institute, und in Norwegen und Finnland je eine Ausbildungsmoglichkeit in Vegetotherapie. Es gibt einige private Tanztherapieausbildungen, aber die Tanztherapeuten sind nicht im offentlichen Gesundheitsbereich in den Kliniken vertreten. PhysiotherapeutInnen mit der spezialisierten Weiter­bildung haben ein akademisches Niveau erreicht, und etwa 30 von ihnen aus Norwegen und Schweden haben eine Doktorarbeit auf hohem professionellen Niveau veroffentlicht.