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Behavioural finance theory posited that the actions of individual investors have demonstrated that people appear to respond to and perceive the same information differently, generating psychological biases that are defined as Behavioural Factors. It is against this backdrop that this study empirically examines the effect of behavioural factors on investment performance. This study examines behavioural factors (Heuristics, Prospects, Herding, and Market) that influence stock investors’ performance in Nigeria’s capital market. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents were sampled by an online survey method through a questionnaire from active investors using the top ten brokerage firms in Nigeria. Data were examined and analyzed by STATA software using the structural equation model technique (SEM) as the statistical tool. The data revealed a considerable positive link between behavioural factors indicators and investment performance. The study, therefore, recommends that NSE should continuously share information, and train the investors, which is geared towards positively influencing investment decisions. Through this information, investors will be in a position to make wise investment decisions. NSE should also evaluate the influences of prior events in relation to the specific counter under investigation. More so the effect of the learning process should be clearly evaluated to ensure that there is maximum benefit for all parties involved in selling and buying a security share. more...

The main essence of Corporate Social Responsibility is to improve the welfare of the members of the society. The proper implementation of CSR initiatives entail that organizations are not just driven by the quest for economic gain or a good reputation, but that they are deliberate with positively affecting the lives of the members of their host communities. The main objective of the study is to determine the impact of corporate social responsibility on host community development in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. The work adopts a survey design method and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The population of the study was three thousand four hundred and sixty-two (3,462) youth leaders from oil producing communities in the state. The questionnaires were distributed to four hundred and fifteen (415) respondents out of which three hundred and sixty-seven were duly returned. The data were analysed with SPSS v.23.The results indicated that the economic, social and environmental CSR provided by IOCs have no positive effect on community development. Therefore, there is the need for a re-evaluation of IOCs’ CSR projects to be in line with the core development challenges of the host communities. more...

This study evinced the cruciality of female entrepreneurial experience as a gainful propeller of start-up educational institutions in North-Central Nigeria. The focal aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of female entrepreneurial experience on start-ups specifically in the educational sector, which over the years recorded a tremendous influx of female entrepreneurs. A descriptive research design was adopted as the framework for this study and the population of the study comprised 43,470 female educators within the North-Central region of Nigeria. The Cochran sample size determination technique was used to obtain the sample size of 385 respondents. Bowley's allocation formula was adopted to determine the sample size of each North-Central state while simple random and purposive sampling was used to select participants. The questionnaires were structured in a 5-point Likert scale as a validity and reliability test was conducted to ensure their credibility. Data retrieved were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 statistical tool. The results of the regression analysis validated the data at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that socio-cultural expectations, exceptional economic support, social networking, innovation, and self-efficacy have a significant effect on the growth of educational institutions in North-Central Nigeria. Hence the study concludes that female entrepreneurial experience adversely affects the growth of educational institutions and start-ups in North-Central Nigeria. The study recommends that good government policies geared towards equal support of female entrepreneurs as endorsed by the liberal view of the feminist-based entrepreneurship theory. more...

The hospitality industry in Nigeria is going through a process of transition due to the pandemic effect of the coronavirus (Covid-19). A new policy has been given by the government as a result of coronavirus, which required certain structural changes that demand employees to be more proactive and flexible to maintain efficiency in operations. Thus, hotel organizations in Nigeria must be flexible to quickly react and adapt to internal and external changes influencing their operation. Due to the close interaction between employees and customers, there can be direct effects of the change process on customers' patronage when certain structural changes occur. Therefore, this study examines structural change and its influence on employee satisfaction in selected privately owned hotels in Abuja, Nigeria. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to a sample of 397 employees online. A 5-point Likert scale was designed to capture and measure employees’ perceptions on variables relating to structural change and employee satisfaction. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. Findings indicated that structural change significantly and positively influences employee satisfaction. The study concludes that effective and efficient management of every change is very crucial for organizational success and for enhanced positive employee attitude and behavior that translate into improved operational efficiency. more...

In Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) performance discourse, several factors which can improve or hinder their growth and excellence have been identified. However, the focus has been on factors related to business owners’ entrepreneurial competencies or challenges external to SMEs. Employee turnover is a major challenge experienced by SMEs, that has contributed to their abysmal performance. However, the role of employee retention practices in addressing employee turnover and its impact on SME performance has received little exposure in related literature. This research addressed this gap by examining the impact of employee retention practices on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Data was sourced through a questionnaire-based survey of 430 respondents and analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and chi-square statistic. The study’s findings revealed that employee retention practices have a significant impact on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria. For these practices to positively impact SME performance, a coherent combination of practices should be implemented. Gaps were identified in training and career development practices within the SMEs surveyed. The importance of business sector-specific factors and employees’ educational qualification to SME performance were also highlighted. The findings also reiterated the importance of non-financial measures in assessing SME performance. It is recommended that SMEs pay attention to employee retention practices to retain valuable employees and improve their overall performance. more...

Corporate Social Responsibility and its proper implementation entail that organizations are not just driven by the quest for economic gain or a good reputation, but that they are deliberate with positively affecting the lives of the members of their host communities. The study investigated the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internally Displaced Persons in North-East, Nigeria. Also other objectives includes to examine the impact of social responsibility on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria, and to evaluate the impact of economic responsibility on internally displaced elderly persons in North East. The researcher adopted the cross sectional research design and structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The simple random sampling technique was adopted in the study. Data analysis was committed to descriptive statistics of mean and percentages as well as correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that Social responsibility does have positive impact on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria; Economic responsibility does have positive impact on internally displaced elderly persons in North East, Nigeria. The study concludes corporate social responsibility has emerged as a form of sustainability governance with advantages to the economic, environment and social progress of the Internally Displaced Person’s at 5% level of significance. It was recommended that corporate social responsibility of the companies should be more environmentally demanded rather than Marjory from angle of ethical consideration and philanthropic obligations. more...

The intention to set up social ventures remains an unpopular choice for intending entrepreneurs due to its obvious limitations of resource constraints. Yet it remains a vital means of making social goods available to disadvantaged people, especially in developing countries. Our study aims to investigate how prior experience and networking ability interacts with empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and social support to induce social entrepreneurial intentions in budding entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Using simultaneous linear regression, we analyzed data from a collection of 315 respondents enrolled in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)—a one-year mandatory national service scheme for graduates of higher institutions who are on the verge of making critical career choices. Our findings show that the main effects were statistically significant, while networking ability, more than prior experience, moderated the main effects. Conclusively, budding entrepreneurs need to hone their networking skills in order to exploit their social networks and complement the benefits of prior experiences as they contemplate social entrepreneurship. Future investigations can focus on determining how other environmental factors such as government/institutional support, technological adoption, and infrastructure would affect social entrepreneurial intentions. more...

In Nigeria, despite the enormous contribution of Micro, Small, and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) to agriculture, the sector is still plagued with several funding constraints. This study investigates the effect of enterprise management on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Scale poultry farming in North Central Nigeria. The study utilized mixed methods research design based on a population of five hundred and six (506) registered livestock farmers across the six North Central States from which a multi-stage sample of 223 participants were selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. The data collected through a well-structured questionnaire was analyzed via regression analysis at 5% level of significance. The result shows that these variables, strategic orientation, management structure, entrepreneurial culture, commitment to opportunity and resources orientation all have a significant positive relationship with business growth, profitability and sustainability of MSM Poultry farmers. It was also found that strategic orientation has a significant positive effect on business growth. Also, management structure was found to exert a positive significant effect on profitability. Finally, it was established that government subsidies is a common denominator used in promoting business sustainability for young graduate poultry farmers. The study submitted that enterprise management plays a significant role in promoting economic the growth of poultry farming operating in the agricultural sector. It was recommended that financial and technical support should be provided for MSMEs across sectors especially those into poultry farming. Also, the government should provide conducive macroeconomic condition for the creation of decent jobs through the Agricultural sector. more...

The relationship between diversification and firm performance varies among institutions and over time. Less is known about the advantageousness of diversification in economy-wide crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years Using data from a recent survey, we studied nearly 400 Nigeria private firms using two different approaches panel and cross-period comparisons. The findings of both approaches show that diversified firms performed better than focused firms. This was also true during the 2008 global financial crisis. The higher the diversification level, the more positive the firm performance was. We also investigated the influence of ownership structure. Firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family tend to have unsatisfactory performance under crisis. This finding provides evidence of the increasing attention on management and governance to explain firm. Linear regression models were evaluated to test the effect of diversification on firm performance. Panel A uses profit as the dependent variable, and Panel B uses sales. For each year (2007, 2008, and 2009), two regression models were evaluated: one testing the impact of diversification and the other testing the impact of the diversification level. We found that diversified firms performed better than focused firms during the recent global financial crisis. The diversification level was positively and linearly related to performance, that is, more diversified firms performed better. Moreover, we found that private firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family performed worse under crisis. more...

The study set to investigate the relationship between monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria. The scope of the studycovers the span of 18 years from 2000-2017. The study uses the GDP as proxy for economic growth and serves as the dependentvariable. Other variables such as the interest rate, open market operations, exchange rate, and monetary policy rate and cashreserve ratio were used as the explanatory variables respectively. The study used the time series data of the variables in questionand adopted the ordinary least square technique; it also conducted the ADF unit root test for stationary as well as the errorcorrection mechanism for co-integration tests. The study showed that, there is a long run relationship between monetary policyand economic growth. The study found out that, interest rate, open market operations, and exchange rate have positive impact on the GDP, on the other hand monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio have inverse relationship with the GDP. Hence the study recommends government appropriate policy action on the relevant variables as it concerns the set goals and objectives. more...

The challenge of affordable housing has assumed global proportions, and the various efforts at private and public sector levels is yet to put a significant dent in what is becoming a worldwide epidemic with economic, social and environmental implications. In terms of strategies, public-private partnerships (PPP’s) as a solution have grown in popularity on an equally global scale. In evaluating the extent of affordable housing as a global issue, this paper aims to evaluate the factors that were commonly administered in the application of PPPs as an effective strategy for addressing affordable housing. This paper notes that while the issue of affordable housing may be global, proposing PPP’s as a silver bullet may well depend on contextual peculiarities and may yield differences in affordable housing delivery outcomes. The study notes that while lending practices, land laws and incomes levels are critical factors in determining delivery of affordable housing, other factors like proper allocation of risk, socio-political stability, and quality standards (regulations) are also significant factors that influence successful affordable PPP housing strategies in the broader context. more...

In our globalizing world the competition among firms producing the same goods and services have intensified, every organization now seeks to maximize funds and resources while delivering the best results for projects embarked on towards the overall profitability of said organization. Consequently, understanding the relationship between effective resource budgeting and project management is a necessity. The main purpose of this study was to determine if there is a significant relationship between effective resource budgeting and project management. In this research paper, a literature review in the field of resource budgeting and project management was presented, and the papers were discussed for a deeper understanding of state of the art. This research made use of quantitative method to gather data due to the nature of the topic. Survey was used as a method of data collection. It was concluded that resource budgeting is a tool for project management, hence effective resource budgeting goes a long way in ensuring the success of a project. It was recommended that a more comprehensive research covering other states in Nigeria should be carried out so as to contribute to existing knowledge on project management. Keywords: Resource Budgeting, Budgeting, Resource Management, Tools, Project Management more...

The study is an empirical analysis of the influence of globalization on project delivery and organisational performance. This is borne out of the problem that globalization is an ambivalent concept and process with its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) or with costs, benefits and burdens. The objectives of the study are to examine the significant influence of economic liberation on project delivery and organisational performance; to examine the significant influence of technological innovation on organizational performance and project delivery. Being an empirical development research, the survey research design involving the collection, collation and use of primary and secondary data from a representative sample population of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used in data presentation, analysis and test of hypotheses in which all null hypotheses were rejected in favour of the alternate hypotheses which were accepted. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made; in the opening of economic borders and removal of trade barriers, nation’s economic flows should be increased to enable firm’s increase their productivity and efficiency and Company management should try to devise strategies to fulfill consumer perspective to survive in competitive market. more...

The reason for this examination was to explore the interceding job of Total Quality Management (TQM) between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) AND SME trade executions in the assembling area. This investigation was begun from the way that lone a couple of studies have inspected on how the company's impalpable assets and capacities, for example, EO and TQM drives Small and Medium Enterprise’s' export execution. A few questionnaires in Likert scale were utilized to gather the information and 364 usable reactions were gotten from the owner/CEO of exporting SMEs. Incomplete Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for the information examination. The discoveries uncover noteworthy connection among Entrepreneurial Orientation and TQM with Small and Medium Enterprise export execution. Besides, this investigation found the correlative interceding job of TQM among Entrepreneurial Orientation and SME export execution of production sector. This investigation has suggestions for proprietor/supervisors of SMEs. The outcomes offer a superior comprehension with respect to EO and TQM usage to SMEs proprietor/chiefs. In this way, proprietor/directors of SMEs can take better choices for the execution of TQM rehearses. Moreover, as far as researcher could possibly know, this investigation looks at SMEs export execution in relationship with the TQM as the moderating variable between EO and SME export execution. more...

The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of job enrichment on organizational performance. Non-teaching staff of University of Abuja, a public university in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was the focus. Descriptive research method was adopted for the study using one hundred and ninety seven (197) valid questionnaires which were completed by selected members of staff of the university, in FCT, North-Central Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The data collected were statistically analyzed in a significant manner. The result of the findings revealed that there are significant positive relationship between job depth, job training and core job dimension elements of the job enrichment and organizational performance while there was no correlation between motivators’ elements and performance. Hence, increased recognition of task significance will stimulate the employees to further raise their commitment towards the attainment and realization of the goal and objectives of the institution/organization. more...

PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk (Telkom) is a state-owned enterprise that serves telecommunication services and network across Indonesia. Telecommunication business is a “legacy” platform of this company; whereas another portfolio business that called “new wave” has, motivate the company to keep making innovation related to digital based product. This confirms Telkom's commitment to increase revenue amid competitive business environment. In 2015, Telkom’s management has targeted a growth of 8%, which is slightly above the market growth. It has “first thing first strategy” to make a sustainable competitive growth in all business units in Telkom. Based on above description, it is thought that it would be beneficial to analyze how the company’s cooperates strategy affects the performance of Telkom’s business unit. Unit analysis used in this research is 30 business units of Telkom that spread across Indonesia. From the hypothesis test using Partial Least Square (PLS) approach, it was revealed that corporate strategy has a significant effect to improve company performance. The most dominant aspect that reflects corporate strategy is portfolio strategy followed by directional strategy and parenting strategy. As for the company performance variable, profitability dimension is the most reflecting the company performance, followed by sales and market share dimension. more...

The study set to investigate the relationship between monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria. The scope of the study covers the span of 18 years from 2000-2017. The study uses the GDP as proxy for economic growth and serves as the dependent variable. Other variables such as the interest rate, open market operations, exchange rate, and monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio were used as the explanatory variables respectively. The study used the time series data of the variables in question and adopted the ordinary least square technique; it also conducted the ADF unit root test for stationary as well as the error correction mechanism for co-integration tests. The study showed that, there is a long run relationship between monetary policy and economic growth. The study found out that, interest rate, open market operations, and exchange rate have positive impact on the GDP, on the other hand monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio have inverse relationship with the GDP. Hence the study recommends government appropriate policy action on the relevant variables as it concerns the set goals and objectives. more...

Reward Policy is very important for the performance of the employees. Therefore they are very important for the organization too. The purpose of this research is to measure the Effects of Employee Rewards Policy on Organisation Performance. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data on the factors related to reward policy like salary, promotion, Indirect Compensation and employee performance. The data was collected from different hospitality firms in Abuja namely hotel rosebud, sun heaven, summit villas. The data collected were analyzed in SPSS 25.00 Version. Different analytical and descriptive techniques were used to analyze the data.It is founded from different results that reward policy has positive impact on employee performance. It is proved from correlation analysis that all the independent variables have weak or moderate positive relationship to each other. Regression analysis shows that all the independent variables have insignificant and positive impact on employee performance. Descriptive analysis also reveals that all the independent variables have positive impact on employee performance. The major limitation of this research is that this study only covers the hospitality sector. Another limitation is that it excludes many variables of reward due to shortage of time. Funds were also another limitation. Apart from these limitations this research may provide insights to the managers to enhance the employee performance of their subordinates. more...

As businesses evolve, to keep ahead of competition, so do their expectations for their employee's performance. An employee is a key element of an organization and their overall  performance can decide the achievements of an organization or its failures. Every business has their own specific way of doing things, due to the constant change of the business environment. This changes therefore requires organization to adopt internal changes which tends to affect the performance of employees thus may enhance organisational growth and otherwise. The general objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of organizational change on employee job performance and compare it with the transformation framework articulated by some change management theorist and also to explore whether organizational change affect the job performance of employees. This study will make use of the data that was analyzed using the content analysis approach. This is because of its major dependence on the secondary source data. The result of the evaluation will provide how organisational change can be improved. There are some reasons why it is important that an organization must always affect a change process. The organization must consider that employees are very vital in carrying out a change process. Sustainable long-term success and performance of the organization depends on employees. more...

the aim of this research work is to highpoint all the effects of human capital development on organisational performance in Trustfund Pension Limited. Modern business nature is in the state of disorder, where competition is very high. Organizations that neglect change may be required to change from existence to non-existence, therefore survival is the solution. To live, companies must uncover all available capital that can bring about competitive advantage. To create a competitive advantage, it is essential that firms truly influence on the workforce as a competitive weapon. Precisely, the study aimed to carry out the following objectives: to establish the relationship between Human capital management and organizational performance, to highlight the needs for human capital development for improved organizational performance. The study had a population size of 152, out of which a sample size of 110 was realized using Taro Yamane formula at 5% error to tolerance and 95 % level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire. The total numbers of 110 copies of the questionnaire were distributed while 80 copies were returned. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Two hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s moment correlation coefficient. The findings suggest that there was significant relationship between human capital management and organisational performance. The necessity for human capital development include teaching the skills and knowledge requires in new staff, upgrading the skills and knowledge of old employees, meeting the challenges of technological innovation acquiring the skills required in the competitive market and enhancing human capital resourcefulness. The study recommends that Human resource manage should ensure that proper identification, determination and assessment of human capital needs in the organization more...

Training is one of the Human Resources functions of the organization. When employees are recruited into the organization, they may not come with all the required skill set to discharge fully their roles in the organization. Hence, the one to equip such new employees with relevant skill set for the good of the organization. Also, the business world is very dynamic and ever changing. Organizations keep innovating making it imperative or organizations to keep training and learning. The rate technological advancement has made it almost impossible for any forward looking organization not to flow with the competition is cut throat. Customers keeping raising expectations which every bank which want to remain in business will necessarily have to meet. The Customer-facing employees will need the right skills, knowledge and attitude to manage the customers with their high expectation. The right skill, knowledge and attitude can be acquired through training. The research attempts to find out the impact which training has employee performance bearing in mind that the aggregate of individual performance will culminate to organizational performance. The study considered the microfinance bank sub-sector from which three banks were selected. Data was collected from 304 respondents who were drawn using Taro Yamane sample size determination technique through structured questionnaire. The data collected was subjected to both descriptive and inferential techniques were used to test formulated hypotheses. The study showed that employee skill, knowledge and ability gained from training has significant effect on productivity. Further findings reveal that training has effect on employee commitment to the organization. The conclusion is that training enhances employee performance as well as employee commitment to the organization. It is therefore, recommended that microfinance banks and all organization should take more active interest in the training of its employees. more...

Human resource has been of significant development in the field of organization as one cannot exaggerate its importance of humans to an organization as they can make or break a company’s reputation, which in turn adversely affect organizational performance. The aim of this research is to determine e-recruitment and its effects on organizational creativity and innovation inNigerian manufacturing firms. Using qualitative research methods, a onetime survey was conducted in three selected Nigerian manufacturing firms. Primary data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical (t-test) techniques with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that the most frequently used forms of recruitment were the internet, newspaper advertisement, TV/radio advertisement, transfer and promotions. Cost recruitment of recruiting applicants was the major challenge faced by the Nigerian manufacturing firms. The study concludes that labor productivity and organizational creativity can be increased by ensuring that organizations are more creative and up to date with technology. more...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of informal groups on organizational performance. Informal groups are a very powerful social network which are constructed in response to and through actions of their members, informal groupings when viewed on the degree of their being informal, creates a managerial burden informally for managers who require additional competences to manage their activities. Informal groups exist to achieve group interest which may not necessarily be in tandem with the overall goals of the organization. The aim of this study is to identify why employees engage in informal groups. A survey research design was adopted and copies of questionnaire were administered on 319 employees of the selected construction companies, using disproportionate stratified sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation. The questionnaire was validated using content validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by determining the correlation coefficient of the data collected at two different periods. The study discovered informal groups has a significant effect on employee performance, there is a significant relationship between informal groups and their characteristics, there is a significant relationship between informal groups and self-confidence in Nigerian construction firms and Informal groups has significant influence on organizational performance in Nigeria more...

The paper appraise the nature of beta in the Nigeria stock market and the impact of Beta on Investors’ wealth maximization strategy in the Nigerian Stock Market. Ex-pos facto was iused to design the research as secondary data from the Nigerian stock market was deemed fit for the study. The study also indicated that there is a strong relationship between the firms’ Stock Return and Beta Coefficient. Finally, the study established that Beta Coefficient has a significant effect on the Stock Return of Firms Listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Three years data collected (from January 2017 to December 2019) from the database of the Nigeria Stock Exchange was used to estimate the coefficient of the stocks’ betas. The data collectected were monthly price rates of the stocks, the All Share Index monthly rates and the Nigeria Treasury Bills monthly rates. The All Share Index is used to calculate the market returns and the Treasury Bills used as the risk free rate. To carryout the data analysis, returns were calculated for stocks and the market. Regression Analysis wss then to regress the stocks’ returns against the market returns in order to estimate the beta coefficient using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) theory: Ri=Rrf + Bi (Rm-Rrf). The result showed that Guanranty Trust Bank, Ashaka Cement, Dangote Cement, Flour Mills Nigeria plc and Northern Nigeria Flour Mills plc have higher risk (beta) of investment than the other stocks meaning they are more volatile than the market and the other stocks that have beta value les than one (1), thence higher expected retuns. It is, therefore, recommended that Investors should invest in these mentioned Companies with higher risk as higher risk is synanimous to higher returns in order to maximise their returns. more...