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Peruanocotyle n. gen. Type species: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. Etymology: The genus name refers to the country where the specimens were found. Diagnosis: Monocotylidae. Dasybatotreminae. Body comprising body proper (cephalic region and trunk) and haptor. Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, with oblique grooves, an anteromedial notch and numerous anterior gland duct openings. Three prominent anterior glands (one medial and two laterals) containing granular secretion present. Numerous peripheral glands starting from anterior glands, encircling oral opening. Eyespots absent. Mouth surrounded by numerous small dome-like papillae. Intestinal ceca with large lateral and medial diverticula, diverticula extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, not confluent posteriorly. Trunk panduriform. Haptor having one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi. Marginal membrane present. Marginal haptoral papillae, papillary sclerites, septal sclerites, sinuous sclerotised septal ridge, dorsal haptoral unsclerotised protuberances and dorsal haptoral accessory sclerites absent. Anchors (= hamuli) present, much shorter than width of marginal membrane, with deep root elongate and superficial root not reduced. Accessory sclerotized piece on the anchor present. Seven pairs of similar hooks distributed in marginal membrane, each with short sweeping point and slightly narrow shack. Testes four, arranged in two groups of two testes. Ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle (=spherical internal chamber); distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands. Male copulatory organ (MCO) sclerotized, composed of four connate tubes (one tube more or less attached parallel to another tubes). Accessory piece present. Accessory filament of MCO absent. Sheath absent. Ovary looping right intestinal cecum, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes; distal ovary tube-like, strongly coiled. Vagina single, vaginal wall sclerotized; vaginal pore unarmed. Common genital pore unarmed. Gill parasites of dasyatids (stingrays). Remarks: As stated by Chisholm et al. (2001), the Monocotylidae includes 7 recognized subfamilies with species that parasitize exclusively marine and freshwater chondrichthyans, namely Calicotylinae Monticelli, 1903; Dasybatotreminae; Decacotylinae Chisholm, Wheelerv & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Euzetiinae Chisholm & Whittington, 2001; Heterocotylinae Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Merizocotylinae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and Monocotylinae Taschenberg, 1879. The new genus is placed in the Dasybatotreminae by having an anterior attachment organ with numerous anterior gland duct openings and an elongate deep root on the anchors (Chisholm et al. 2001). The subfamily currently includes four genera parasitizing marine chondrichthyans, Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967; Dasybatotrema Price, 1938; Mehracotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002 and Timofeevia Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995 (Chisholm et al. 2001, Neifar et al. 2002). Peruanocotyle n. gen. can be readily distinguished from the other genera of the Dasybatotreminae by the morphology of the cephalic region, which is unique in the subfamily in possessing a broadly ovoid anterior attachment organ, having numerous grooves and an antero-medial notch and by having anchors much shorter than the width of marginal membrane. In addition, the new taxa can be differentiated from all other species of the Dasybatotreminae by having three prominent anterior glands, which originating from numerous peripheral glands that encircling oral opening and by the morphology of the male copulatory organ, which is composed of four connate tubes. Additionally, the new taxa also differs from all previously described in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: haptor with one central and eight peripheral loculi; ovary having proximal (with six clavate lobules) and distal (strongly coiled) portions; ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted); ejaculatory bulb with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle; anchor with an accessory sclerotized piece; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula; oral opening surrounded by numerous small papillae; and four oval testes.

Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 Type genus: Dasybatotrema Price, 1938 Other genera: Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967; Mehracotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002; Peruanocotyle n. gen.; Timofeevia Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995. Amended diagnosis: Haptor with one central and seven or eight peripheral loculi. Marginal membrane present. Anchors (= hamuli) present; deep root elongate, greater than half the length of the radial septa or much shorter than width of marginal membrane; superficial root well developed or reduced. Hooks distributed in marginal membrane; hook shaft narrow. Marginal haptoral papillae present or absent. Papillary sclerites, septal sclerites, sinuous sclerotised septal ridge, dorsal haptoral unsclerotised protuberances and dorsal haptoral accessory sclerites absent. Numerous anterior gland duct openings present. Eye-spots present or absent. Intestinal ceca without diverticula or with large lateral and medial diverticula, not confluent posteriorly. Male copulatory organ sclerotized. Accessory piece present or absent. Accessory filament present or absent. Sheath absent. Common genital pore unarmed. Testis single or four. Ejaculatory bulb with bipartite internal seminal vesicle (=spherical internal chamber) present or absent. Ovary looping or not right intestinal cecum; proximal portion of ovary with clavate lobes or not; distal portion of ovary sinuous, strongly coiled or straight. Vagina single, vaginal wall sclerotized or unsclerotised; vaginal pore unarmed. Oötype with ascending limb only. Gill parasites of dasyatids, glaucostegids, rajids and rhinobatids., Published as part of Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria & Luque, José L., 2018, A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru, pp. 347-356 in Zootaxa 4527 (3) on page 349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2612304, {"references":["Neifar, L., Euzet, L. & Ben Hassine, O. K. (2002) Une nouvelle espece de Monocotylidae (Monogenea) parasite branchial de Rhinobatos cemiculus (Euselachii, Rhinobatidae), avec proposition d'un nouveau genre et d'un amendement a la diagnose des Monocotylidae. Zoosystema, 24, 699 - 706.","Chisholm, L. A., Wheeler, T. A. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1995) A phylogenetic analysis and revised classification of the Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 (Monogenea). Systematic Parasitology, 32, 159 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00008827"]}

Peruanocotyle n. gen. Type species: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. Etymology: The genus name refers to the country where the specimens were found. Diagnosis: Monocotylidae. Dasybatotreminae. Body comprising body proper (cephalic region and trunk) and haptor. Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, with oblique grooves, an anteromedial notch and numerous anterior gland duct openings. Three prominent anterior glands (one medial and two laterals) containing granular secretion present. Numerous peripheral glands starting from anterior glands, encircling oral opening. Eyespots absent. Mouth surrounded by numerous small dome-like papillae. Intestinal ceca with large lateral and medial diverticula, diverticula extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, not confluent posteriorly. Trunk panduriform. Haptor having one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi. Marginal membrane present. Marginal haptoral papillae, papillary sclerites, septal sclerites, sinuous sclerotised septal ridge, dorsal haptoral unsclerotised protuberances and dorsal haptoral accessory sclerites absent. Anchors (= hamuli) present, much shorter than width of marginal membrane, with deep root elongate and superficial root not reduced. Accessory sclerotized piece on the anchor present. Seven pairs of similar hooks distributed in marginal membrane, each with short sweeping point and slightly narrow shack. Testes four, arranged in two groups of two testes. Ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle (=spherical internal chamber); distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands. Male copulatory organ (MCO) sclerotized, composed of four connate tubes (one tube more or less attached parallel to another tubes). Accessory piece present. Accessory filament of MCO absent. Sheath absent. Ovary looping right intestinal cecum, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes; distal ovary tube-like, strongly coiled. Vagina single, vaginal wall sclerotized; vaginal pore unarmed. Common genital pore unarmed. Gill parasites of dasyatids (stingrays). Remarks: As stated by Chisholm et al. (2001), the Monocotylidae includes 7 recognized subfamilies with species that parasitize exclusively marine and freshwater chondrichthyans, namely Calicotylinae Monticelli, 1903; Dasybatotreminae; Decacotylinae Chisholm, Wheelerv & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Euzetiinae Chisholm & Whittington, 2001; Heterocotylinae Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995; Merizocotylinae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and Monocotylinae Taschenberg, 1879. The new genus is placed in the Dasybatotreminae by having an anterior attachment organ with numerous anterior gland duct openings and an elongate deep root on the anchors (Chisholm et al. 2001). The subfamily currently includes four genera parasitizing marine chondrichthyans, Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967; Dasybatotrema Price, 1938; Mehracotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002 and Timofeevia Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995 (Chisholm et al. 2001, Neifar et al. 2002). Peruanocotyle n. gen. can be readily distinguished from the other genera of the Dasybatotreminae by the morphology of the cephalic region, which is unique in the subfamily in possessing a broadly ovoid anterior attachment organ, having numerous grooves and an antero-medial notch and by having anchors much shorter than the width of marginal membrane. In addition, the new taxa can be differentiated from all other species of the Dasybatotreminae by having three prominent anterior glands, which originating from numerous peripheral glands that encircling oral opening and by the morphology of the male copulatory organ, which is composed of four connate tubes. Additionally, the new taxa also differs from all previously described in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: haptor with one central and eight peripheral loculi; ovary having proximal (with six clavate lobules) and distal (strongly coiled) portions; ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls, having proximal (with criss-crossed creases) and distal portion (highly convoluted); ejaculatory bulb with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle; anchor with an accessory sclerotized piece; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula; oral opening surrounded by numerous small papillae; and four oval testes., Published as part of Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria & Luque, José L., 2018, A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru, pp. 347-356 in Zootaxa 4527 (3) on page 349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2612304, {"references":["Chisholm, L. A., Wheeler, T. A. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1995) A phylogenetic analysis and revised classification of the Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 (Monogenea). Systematic Parasitology, 32, 159 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00008827","Chisholm, L. A. & Whittington, I. D. (2001) Euzetia occultum n. g., n. sp. (Euzetiinae n. subf.), a monocotylid monogenean from the gills of Rhinoptera neglecta (Rhinopteridae) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 48, 179 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1006488701833","Neifar, L., Euzet, L. & Ben Hassine, O. K. (2002) Une nouvelle espece de Monocotylidae (Monogenea) parasite branchial de Rhinobatos cemiculus (Euselachii, Rhinobatidae), avec proposition d'un nouveau genre et d'un amendement a la diagnose des Monocotylidae. Zoosystema, 24, 699 - 706."]}

Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. (Figs. 1–8) Type host: Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), diamond stingray. Site on host: Gill filaments. Type locality: Callao, Lima, Peru (12°04'S, 77°10'W), South America. Prevalence: 2 of 8 hosts infected (25%) with a total of 4 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 2 monogeneans per infected host (range 1–3). Type material: Holotype, CHIOC 39080 a; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 39080 b-d. Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Leslie Chisholm (The South Australian Museum, Australia) for her contribution to the systematics of Monocotylidae. Description: Based on 1 specimen mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 3 specimens flattened under slight coverslip pressure and stained with Semichon's carmine. Body 7.13–7.65 (n = 3) mm long, 2.08–2.27 (n = 3) mm wide at level of posterior third of trunk, slightly constricted at level of testes (Fig.1) Tegument smooth. Haptor wheel-shaped (Fig. 1), 1.49–1.78 (n = 3) mm long, 1.38–1.94 (n = 3) mm wide, with one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi; marginal membrane delicate, uniform, 106–122 (n = 3) wide. Anchor 32–63 (n = 4) long, associated with posterolateral septa, with deep and superficial roots distinct; elongate deep root, having small protuberances distally; rounded and thick superficial root; slightly curved shaft and recurved point, point reaching level of tip of superficial root (Fig. 3). Fourteen similar hooks, 14–15 (n = 8) long, distributed in the marginal membrane as depicted (Fig. 1), each with short and curved point, protruding thumb and uniform shank with curved proximal tip; filamentous hook (FH) loop extending to near level of proximal end of shank (Fig. 4). Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, 1.36–1.57 (n = 3) mm long, 1.70–1.84 (n = 3) mm wide, having 79–91 oblique grooves and one anteromedial notch, overlapping anterior end of pharynx (Figs. 1–2). Three anterior glands, one medial (amg) and two laterals (alg), well-developed having irregular shape (Fig. 2). Peripheral glands (pg) encircling oral opening, 18–20 in number (Fig. 2). Eye-spots absent. Mouth ventral, subterminal, surrounded by numerous dome-like papillae (Fig. 2), each papilla 25–27 (n = 3) long. Pharynx muscular, subquadrangular, with gland cells surrounding posterior portion, 479–587 (n = 3) long, 555–611 (n = 3) wide, with 10–11 transversal muscular packets; esophagus short to indistinct. Intestinal bifurcation anterior to common genital aperture; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula, extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, some diverticula partially surround testes, not confluent posteriorly (Figs. 1, 7). Common genital pore unarmed. Testes ovate, 4 in number, 536–785 (n = 12) long, 335–472 (n = 12) wide, arranged in two groups limited to intercaecal field, well separated from posterior end of body (Figs. 1, 8). Vas deferens highly convoluted, runs anteriorly dorsal to vagina, narrowing and looping before joining seminal vesicle (Figs. 1, 8). Seminal vesicle almost fusiform, lying sinestrolateral to distal portion of oötype, continues as a sinuous duct, curves dorsal to ejaculatory bulb to right side of the body and goes to base of ejaculatory bulb, where it enters and form an internal seminal vesicle. Internal seminal vesicle bipartite (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory duct, which arises from the internal seminal vesicle, having slightly sclerotized walls, with proximal and distal portion; proximal portion with criss-crossed creases; distal portion highly convoluted (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, ovate, 362– 371 (n = 3) long, 217–265 (n = 3) wide, anteromedial to oötype; distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands (Fig. 8). Male copulatory organ sclerotized, whip-shaped, 1.18–1.20 (n = 2) mm long, comprising four connate tubes; distal end of MCO ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with 14–15 fine spines (Figs. 5–6). Accessory piece sclerotized, inverted T-shaped (Fig. 5), 110–115 (n = 2) long. Ovary lying anterodextral to testicular field, 7 01–868 (n = 3) long, 760–836 (n = 3) wide, looping right intestinal cecum, not overlapping testicular field, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes, each 103– 154 (n = 8) long, 111–150 (n = 8) wide, ventral and slightly posterior to distal portion of ovary; distal ovary tubelike, strongly coiled, narrows to form short oviduct (Fig. 8). Oötype 318–410 (n = 2) long, 240–290 (n = 2) wide, proximal end slightly sinuous (Fig. 8). Vaginal pore unarmed, surrounded by numerous gland cells densely grouped, opening ventrally on left side, 2.31–2.46 (n = 3) mm from anterior end. Vagina weakly sclerotized, funnel-shaped, lying obliquely on left side of body anterior to ovary; gland cells surrounding along its entire length; proximal portion of vagina connected to ovate seminal receptacle by a narrow duct (Fig. 8); seminal receptacle 117–137 (n = 2) long, 73–82 (n = 2) wide. Vitelline follicles dense, extending from prepharyngeal level to posterior end of trunk, absent in regions of reproductive organs, lateral fields of follicles confluent posterior to testes (Fig. 1). Excretory bladders parallel, extending from pharyngeal region to level of intestinal bifurcation (Fig. 1). Tetrahedral egg (albeit distorted) observed in oötype. Remarks: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. is the type species of the genus. The new species is characterized by having a whip-shaped male copulatory organ, ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with fine spines.

Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. (Figs. 1–8) Type host: Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), diamond stingray. Site on host: Gill filaments. Type locality: Callao, Lima, Peru (12°04'S, 77°10'W), South America. Prevalence: 2 of 8 hosts infected (25%) with a total of 4 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 2 monogeneans per infected host (range 1–3). Type material: Holotype, CHIOC 39080 a; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 39080 b-d. Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Leslie Chisholm (The South Australian Museum, Australia) for her contribution to the systematics of Monocotylidae. Description: Based on 1 specimen mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 3 specimens flattened under slight coverslip pressure and stained with Semichon's carmine. Body 7.13–7.65 (n = 3) mm long, 2.08–2.27 (n = 3) mm wide at level of posterior third of trunk, slightly constricted at level of testes (Fig.1) Tegument smooth. Haptor wheel-shaped (Fig. 1), 1.49–1.78 (n = 3) mm long, 1.38–1.94 (n = 3) mm wide, with one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi; marginal membrane delicate, uniform, 106–122 (n = 3) wide. Anchor 32–63 (n = 4) long, associated with posterolateral septa, with deep and superficial roots distinct; elongate deep root, having small protuberances distally; rounded and thick superficial root; slightly curved shaft and recurved point, point reaching level of tip of superficial root (Fig. 3). Fourteen similar hooks, 14–15 (n = 8) long, distributed in the marginal membrane as depicted (Fig. 1), each with short and curved point, protruding thumb and uniform shank with curved proximal tip; filamentous hook (FH) loop extending to near level of proximal end of shank (Fig. 4). Anterior attachment organ well-developed, broadly ovoid, 1.36–1.57 (n = 3) mm long, 1.70–1.84 (n = 3) mm wide, having 79–91 oblique grooves and one anteromedial notch, overlapping anterior end of pharynx (Figs. 1–2). Three anterior glands, one medial (amg) and two laterals (alg), well-developed having irregular shape (Fig. 2). Peripheral glands (pg) encircling oral opening, 18–20 in number (Fig. 2). Eye-spots absent. Mouth ventral, subterminal, surrounded by numerous dome-like papillae (Fig. 2), each papilla 25–27 (n = 3) long. Pharynx muscular, subquadrangular, with gland cells surrounding posterior portion, 479–587 (n = 3) long, 555–611 (n = 3) wide, with 10–11 transversal muscular packets; esophagus short to indistinct. Intestinal bifurcation anterior to common genital aperture; intestinal caeca with large lateral and medial diverticula, extending from anterior to posterior end of body proper, some diverticula partially surround testes, not confluent posteriorly (Figs. 1, 7). Common genital pore unarmed. Testes ovate, 4 in number, 536–785 (n = 12) long, 335–472 (n = 12) wide, arranged in two groups limited to intercaecal field, well separated from posterior end of body (Figs. 1, 8). Vas deferens highly convoluted, runs anteriorly dorsal to vagina, narrowing and looping before joining seminal vesicle (Figs. 1, 8). Seminal vesicle almost fusiform, lying sinestrolateral to distal portion of oötype, continues as a sinuous duct, curves dorsal to ejaculatory bulb to right side of the body and goes to base of ejaculatory bulb, where it enters and form an internal seminal vesicle. Internal seminal vesicle bipartite (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory duct, which arises from the internal seminal vesicle, having slightly sclerotized walls, with proximal and distal portion; proximal portion with criss-crossed creases; distal portion highly convoluted (Fig. 8). Ejaculatory bulb well-developed, highly muscular, ovate, 362– 371 (n = 3) long, 217–265 (n = 3) wide, anteromedial to oötype; distal portion of ejaculatory bulb with numerous male accessory glands (Fig. 8). Male copulatory organ sclerotized, whip-shaped, 1.18–1.20 (n = 2) mm long, comprising four connate tubes; distal end of MCO ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with 14–15 fine spines (Figs. 5–6). Accessory piece sclerotized, inverted T-shaped (Fig. 5), 110–115 (n = 2) long. Ovary lying anterodextral to testicular field, 7 01–868 (n = 3) long, 760–836 (n = 3) wide, looping right intestinal cecum, not overlapping testicular field, with proximal and distal portions; proximal ovary with six clavate lobes, each 103– 154 (n = 8) long, 111–150 (n = 8) wide, ventral and slightly posterior to distal portion of ovary; distal ovary tubelike, strongly coiled, narrows to form short oviduct (Fig. 8). Oötype 318–410 (n = 2) long, 240–290 (n = 2) wide, proximal end slightly sinuous (Fig. 8). Vaginal pore unarmed, surrounded by numerous gland cells densely grouped, opening ventrally on left side, 2.31–2.46 (n = 3) mm from anterior end. Vagina weakly sclerotized, funnel-shaped, lying obliquely on left side of body anterior to ovary; gland cells surrounding along its entire length; proximal portion of vagina connected to ovate seminal receptacle by a narrow duct (Fig. 8); seminal receptacle 117–137 (n = 2) long, 73–82 (n = 2) wide. Vitelline follicles dense, extending from prepharyngeal level to posterior end of trunk, absent in regions of reproductive organs, lateral fields of follicles confluent posterior to testes (Fig. 1). Excretory bladders parallel, extending from pharyngeal region to level of intestinal bifurcation (Fig. 1). Tetrahedral egg (albeit distorted) observed in oötype. Remarks: Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. is the type species of the genus. The new species is characterized by having a whip-shaped male copulatory organ, ending in four interlaced extensions, two of them armed with fine spines., Published as part of Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria & Luque, José L., 2018, A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru, pp. 347-356 in Zootaxa 4527 (3) on pages 350-351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2612304

Chero, Jhon D., Cruces, Celso L., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2018): A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru. Zootaxa 4527 (3): 347-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.3.4

Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. (Figs. 1���8) Type-host: Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert (SCaridae), bumphead parrotfish. Site of infection: Gill filaments. Type locality: Puerto PiZarro, Tumbes, Peru (45��54'S, 81��05'W), South AmeriCa. Prevalence: 2 of 4 hosts infeCted (50%) with a total of 12 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 6 monogeneans per infeCted host (range 5���7). Specimens deposited: Holotype, MUSM 3471; 8 paratypes, MUSM 3472���3479; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 38853a, b, C. Etymology: This speCies is named in honor of Prof. Lidia S��nCheZ P��reZ (National University of San MarCos, Peru) for her Contribution to the study of helminth parasites of Peruvian vertebrates. Description: Based on 3 speCimens mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 9 fiXed in 4% hot formalin and stained with Gomori���s triChrome. Body elongate (Fig. 1), 0.900���1.370 (1.121; n = 12) mm long; greatest width 221���305 (251; n = 12) usually at midbody length. Tegument smooth. CephaliC region broad; CephaliC lobes poorly developed; 3 bilateral pairs of ConspiCuous head organs; bilateral pair of CephaliC glands at postpharyngeal level. Eye-spots absent; aCCessory ChromatiC granules few, sCattered in CephaliC area. PharynX subspheriCal, with maXimum width 71���99 (79; n = 10); esophagus short; intestinal bifurCation postpharyngeal; intestinal CeCa unite posteriorly to gonads, laCking divertiCula. PedunCle broad, elongate. Haptor slightly differentiated from body proper, almost reCtangular, 98���140 (114; n = 8) long; 119���189 (152; n = 8) wide; ventral eXtrinsiC adduCtor musCle developed, ConneCted to small, lateral, half-moon-shaped sClerotised pieCe near tip of superfiCial root of ventral anChors (Fig. 2). AnChors with fine ConspiCuous alae (Figs. 3���4). Ventral anChor 85���109 (97; n = 5) long, with well elongate superfiCial root, knob-like deep root, straight shaft, short point (Fig. 3); base 27���31 (34; n = 5) wide. Dorsal anChor 85���88 (87; n = 5) long, slightly fenestrated, with elongate superfiCial root, well-developed deep root, Curved shaft, Curved point (Fig. 4); base 32���37 (35; n = 5) wide. Ventral bar 70���90 (80; n = 5) long, X-shaped, with anterior and posterior projeCtions direCted laterally, anterior projeCtions widened (Fig. 5). Dorsal bar 74���88 (81; n = 5) long, mask-shaped, elongate, anterior margin trilobed and lateral ends enlarged, rounded (Fig. 6). Fourteen similar hooks, 14���16 (15; n = 7) long, eaCh with depressed thumb, slender shank and deliCate point (Fig. 7); filamentous hook (FH) loop about shank length. Male Copulatory organ (MCO) 181���232 (198; n = 9) long, tapered, tubular; Cylinder-shaped base, 45���77 (60; n = 9) long, terminating in diagonal opening; aCCessory pieCe membranous, blanket- shaped, lying dorsal to MCO, enveloping from proXimal Copulatory tube to terminal portion of MCO (Fig. 8). Testis ovate, interCeCal, postequatorial, 113���160 (141; n = 7) long, 79���125 (96; n = 7) wide; seminal vesiCle small, fusiform, sinistrolateral to MCO; single elongate prostatiC reservoir, deXtrolateral to MCO; prostatiC glands ConspiCuous, interCeCal, surround distal region of MCO. Ovary 68���111 (84; n = 6) long, 78���122 (96; n = 6) wide; subspheriCal, slightly overlapping testis. Vaginal aperture deXtromarginal; vaginal vestibule pyriform slightly lying diagonally to midline, proXimal end sClerotised; vaginal duCt narrow, running posteriorly to join small inConspiCuous seminal reCeptaCle. OviduCt, ootype and uterus not observed. Vitelline folliCles dense throughout trunk, absent in regions of reproduCtive organs. Eggs not observed. Remarks: Haliotrema Johnson & Tiegs, 1922 was proposed by Johnston & Tiegs (1922) to aCCommodate speCies possessing a haptor armed with two pairs of anChors (ventral and dorsal), eaCh joined by a transverse bar; eyespots laCking; intestinal CeCa ending blindly and vas deferens not looping around the left CeCum. Haliotrema australe Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 from the gills of blaCk-spotted goatfish, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker ) (Mullidae), in Australia was designated as the type speCies. Yamaguti (1963) reeXamined the holotype of H. australe and notiCed that the vas deferens loops around the left CeCum. Subsequently, Young (1968) amended the generiC diagnosis and defined Haliotrema based on the Combination of the following CharaCteristiCs: (1) vas deferens looping around the left intestinal CeCum, (2) CeCa Confluent posterior to gonads and (3) the deXtral opening of the vagina. Currently, 11 speCies of Haliotrema have been desCribed as having a male Copulatory organ of similar struCture to H. sanchezae n. sp. (tapered and tubular with a membranous aCCessory pieCe): H. bodiani Yamaguti, 1968 from the Tarry hogfish, Bodianus bilunulatus (LaCep��de) (Labridae), in Hawaii; H. cirrhitusi MendoZa-FranCo & Violante-GonZaleZ, 2011 from the giant hawkfish, Cirrhitus rivulatus ValenCiennes (Cirrhitidae), in the MeXiCan PaCifiC; H. conspecta Zhukov, 1980 from the redtail parrotfish, Sparisoma chrysopterum (BloCh & SChneider) (SCaridae), in the Gulf of MeXiCo; H. cornutum (MiZelle & Kritsky, 1969) from the spotfin hogfish, Bodianus pulchellus (Poey) (Labridae), in Cuba; H. lactophrys (MaCCallum, 1915) Vala, Maillard & Overstreet, 1982 from the sCrawled Cowfish, Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus) (OstraCiidae), in a New York Aquarium, United States; H. ornatum Yamaguti, 1941 from unidentified apogonid in Japan; H. pacificum (MiZelle & Kritsky, 1969) from the blaCknosed butterflyfish, Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill) (Chaetodontidae), in the MeXiCan PaCifiC; H. priacanthi Yamaguti, 1968 from the glasseye snapper, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (LaCep��de) (PriaCanthidae), in Hawaii; H. scari Young, 1968 from the rivulated parrotfish, Scarus rivulatus ValenCiennes (SCaridae), in Australia; H. tuberobaculum Zhukov, 1980 from the striped parrotfish, Scarus iseri (BloCh) (SCaridae) in the Gulf of MeXiCo and H. xesuri Yamaguti, 1940 from the sCapel sawtail, Prionurus scalprum ValenCiennes (ACanthuridae), in Japan. From them, only three speCies have been desCribed from sCarid fish, i. e., H. conspecta, H. scari and H. tuberobaculum. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. most resembles H. conspecta and H. tuberobaculum by the morphology of the male Copulatory organ (tapered-shaped Cirrus tube, Cylinder-shaped base and a blanket-shaped aCCessory pieCe). However, H. sanchezae n. sp. is distinguished from H. conspecta by its dorsal bar whiCh is broadly mask-shaped with its anterior margin trilobed and lateral ends rounded (elongated with lateral digitiform alae eXpansions and anterolateral margin with two ConiCal protuberanCes in H. conspecta). In addition, H. sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. conspecta by the siZe of the male Copulatory organ (181���232 in the new speCies vs 137���150 in H. conspecta). The new speCies differs from H. tuberobaculum in its well-developed superfiCial roots of the ventral anChors (short superfiCial rots of the ventral anChors in H. tuberobaculum). Also, the ventral bar of H. sanchezae n. sp. is Xshaped (M-shaped in H. tuberobaculum). Furthermore, the male Copulatory organ of H. sanchezae n. sp. is bigger than that of H. tuberobaculum (181���232 in the new speCies vs 57���61 in H. tuberobaculum). Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. Can be distinguished of H. scari by the morphology of the male Copulatory organ that is tapered and tubular with a blanket-shaped aCCessory pieCe (tubular and strongly Curved with an aCCessory pieCe like a flap in H. scari). Also, Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. and H. scari Can be also easily distinguished by the morphology of the anChors and transverse bar. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. bodiani, H. cirrhitusi, H. cornutum, H. lactophrys, H. ornatum, H. pacificum, H. priacanthi and H. xesuri by having a membranous aCCessory pieCe suCh as blanket enveloping a part of the male Copulatory organ (filamentous, membranous aCCessory pieCe enCirCling male Copulatory organ to form Complete spirals in the other eight speCies) and a half-moon-shaped sClerotised pieCe near tip of superfiCial root of ventral anChors (absent in the other eight speCies). In addition, Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. bodiani, H. cirrhitusi, H. cornutum, H. lactophrys, H. ornatum, H. pacificum, H. priacanthi and H. xesuri by the morphology of the anChors and transverse bars., Published as part of Cruces, Celso L., Chero, Jhon D., S��ez, Gloria & Luque, Jos�� L., 2017, Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961, pp. 111-121 in Zootaxa 4311 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/847391, {"references":["Johnston, T. H. & TIegs, O. W. (1922) NeW gyrodactyloId trematodes from AustralIan fIshes, together WIth a reclassIfIcatIon of the superfamIly GyrodactyloIdea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 47, 83 - 131.","Young, P. C. (1968) Ten neW specIes of Haliotrema (MonogenoIdea: DactylogyrIdea) from AustralIan fIsh and a reVIsIon of the genus. Journal of Zoology, 154, 41 - 75. https: // doI. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1968. tb 05039. x","Mendoza-Franco, E. F. & VIolante-Gonzales, J. (2011) TWo neW specIes of Haliotrema (MonogenoIdea: DactylogyrIdae) from Cirrhitus rivulatus (PercIformes: CIrrhItIdae) from the PacIfIc coast of MexIco. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 800 - 804. https: // doI. org / 10.1645 / ge- 2719.1","MIzelle, J. D. & KrItsky, D. C. (1969) StudIes on monogenetIc trematodes. XL. NeW specIes from marIne and freshWater fIshes. The American Midland Naturalist Journal, 82, 417 - 428. https: // doI. org / 10.2307 / 2423787","MacCallum, G. A. (1915) Some neW specIes of ectoparasItIc trematodes. Zoologica (Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society), 1, 395 - 410.","Vala, J. C., MaIllard, C. & OVerstreet, R. (1982) Haliotrema (Monogenea: AncyrocephalInae) from ostracIId fIshes In Guadeloupe, West IndIes. Journal of Parasitology, 68, 1130 - 1137. https: // doI. org / 10.2307 / 3281104"]}

Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. (Figs. 9���16) Type-host: Hemanthias peruanus (SteindaChner) (Serranidae), splittail bass. Site of infection: Gill filaments. Type locality: Puerto PiZarro, Tumbes, Peru (45��54'S, 81��05'W), South AmeriCa. Prevalence: 3 of 12 hosts infeCted (25%) with a total of 51 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 17 monogeneans per infeCted host (range 11���23). Specimens deposited: Holotype, MUSM 3480; 27 paratypes, MUSM 3481���3507; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 38852a, b, C. Etymology: The speCifiC epithet refers to the Country where the speCies was found. Description: Based on 10 speCimens mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 21 fiXed in 4% hot formalin and stained with Gomori���s triChrome. Body fusiform (Fig. 9), 597���949 (732; n = 31) mm long; greatest width 124���173 (144; n = 31) usually posterior to testis. Tegument smooth. CephaliC region broad; CephaliC lobes poorly developed; 3 bilateral pairs of ConspiCuous head organs; bilateral pair of CephaliC glands lateral to pharynX. Eyespots absent; aCCessory ChromatiC granules few, sCattered in CephaliC area. PharynX spheriCal, with maXimum width 31���53 (38; n = 20); esophagus short; intestinal bifurCation postpharyngeal; intestinal CeCa unite posteriorly to gonads, laCking divertiCula. PedunCle broad, short to elongate. Haptor subquadrate, differentiated from body proper, 57���73 (67; n = 10) long; 91���134 (111; n = 10) wide; bilateral Claviform reservoirs on haptor not observed. AnChors with fine ConspiCuous alae (Figs. 10���11). Ventral anChor 57���67 (65; n = 15) long, with well-developed elongate superfiCial root, developed deep root, slightly Curved shaft, short Curved point (Fig. 10); base 19���21 (20; n = 15) wide. Dorsal anChor 64���69 (67; n = 15) long, with well-developed elongate superfiCial root, rounded deep root, slightly Curved shaft, short Curved point (Fig. 11); base 19���23 (21; n = 15) wide. Ventral bar 39���69 (48; n = 17) long, elongate, lateral ends enlarged, rounded and bilobed ends (Fig. 12). Dorsal bar 61���98 (75; n = 12) long, flattened, with bifurCate ends, anterior arm of bifurCation longer than posterior arm (Fig. 13). Fourteen similar hooks, 13���15 (14; n = 11) long, eaCh with depressed thumb, uniform shank and deliCate point (Fig. 14); filamentous hook (FH) loop about shank length. Male Copulatory organ (MCO) 70���91 (83; n = 28) long, taperedshaped with Curved distal tip, bell-shaped base having two lateral knobs, short and broad arm direCted posteriorly (Fig. 15); aCCessory pieCe absent. Testis large, interCeCal, ovate, not lobulated, 116���190 (144; n = 17) long, 54���78 (63; n = 17) wide; proXimal vas deferens looping left intestinal CeCum, dilating to form large fusiform seminal vesiCle slightly in left side of trunk, posterior to MCO; single prostatiC reservoir lying deXtrolateral to MCO, pyriform to fusiform; prostatiC glands ConspiCuous, interCeCal surrounding the MCO. Ovary 55���109 (82; n = 10) long, 34���47 (41; n = 10) wide, pyriform, lying to right of anterior end of testis. Vaginal aperture deXtrolateral at level of seminal vesiCle; vaginal vestibule elongates, lightly sClerotised, lying obliquely on right side of body anterior to ovary; vaginal duCt narrow, running posteriorly to join subspheriCal seminal reCeptaCle. OviduCt, ootype and uterus not observed. Vitelline folliCles dense throughout trunk, absent in regions of reproduCtive organs. Egg oval (Fig. 16), 102���109 (106; n = 2) long, 74���87 (81; n = 2) wide, with single short filament at aboperCular pole, 23���27 (25; n = 2) long. Remarks: Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961 aCCommodates daCtylogyrids possessing a dorsal bar with bifurCated ends; hooks with protruding, blunt, and slightly depressed thumbs and undilated shanks; deXtroventral or deXtrolateral vaginal aperture leading to an elongate and oblique vaginal vestibule; ovary deXtral to the testis; and a Copulatory CompleX without aCCessory pieCe (Kritsky & Bakenhaster 2016). Currently, Parancylodiscoides inCludes 4 speCies, namely P. longiphallus (MaCCallum, 1915); P. chaetodipteri Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1961; P. platacis (Young, 1968) and P. macrobaculum (Zhukov, 1983). All of them desCribed from ephippid and serranid fish off PaCifiC and AtlantiC OCeans (Kritsky 2012; Kritsky & Bakenhaster 2016). Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. Can be distinguished from all other speCies of Parancylodiscoides by having a tapered-shaped male Copulatory organ with Curved distal tip and a bell-shaped base having two lateral knobs and short arm. Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. most resembles P. macrobaculum by having the base of the male Copulatory organ with an arm direCted posteriorly, a deXtrolateral vaginal aperture and a not lobulated testis. However, the new speCies is easily distinguished from P. macrobaculum by the morphology of the arm assoCiated with the base of the MCO, whiCh is short and broad (long and narrow in P. macrobaculum). In addition, P. peruensis n. sp. Can also be distinguished from P. macrobaculum by having a dorsal bar with anterior arm of bifurCation longer than posterior arm (anterior arm of similar siZe than the posterior in P. macrobaculum). Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. differs from P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis by possessing a deXtrolateral vaginal aperture (deXtroventral in P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis) and a not lobulated testis (lobulated in P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis). Also, P. peruensis n. sp. differs from P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis by having a single short arm direCted posteriorly assoCiated with the base of the male Copulatory organ (two arms unequal in length in P. chaetodipteri, two elongate subequal arms in P. longiphallus and a single elongate arm direCted anteriorly in P. platacis)., Published as part of Cruces, Celso L., Chero, Jhon D., S��ez, Gloria & Luque, Jos�� L., 2017, Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961, pp. 111-121 in Zootaxa 4311 (1) on pages 115-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/847391, {"references":["Caballero, C. E. & BraVo-HollIs, M. (1961) Trematodos de peces de aguas MexIcanas del PacIfIco. XVIII. Un nueVo genero y una nueVa especIe de MonogenoIdea BychoWsky, 1937. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, 31, 197 - 205.","KrItsky, D. C. & Bakenhaster, M. D. (2016) RedescrIptIon and neW host records for Parancylodiscoides macrobaculum n. comb. (MonogenoIdea: DactylogyrIdae) from Groupers (SerranIdae: EpInephelInae) In the Gulf of MexIco. Comparative Parasitology, 3, 260 - 264. https: // doI. org / 10.1654 / 4817 s. 1","MacCallum, G. A. (1915) Some neW specIes of ectoparasItIc trematodes. Zoologica (Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society), 1, 395 - 410.","Young, P. C. (1968) Ten neW specIes of Haliotrema (MonogenoIdea: DactylogyrIdea) from AustralIan fIsh and a reVIsIon of the genus. Journal of Zoology, 154, 41 - 75. https: // doI. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1968. tb 05039. x","KrItsky, D. C. (2012) ReVIsIon of Parancylodiscoides Caballero y C. & BraVo-HollIs, 1961 (MonogenoIdea: DactylogyrIdae), WIth a redescrIptIon of P. longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) from the AtlantIc spadefIsh Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet) (AcanthuroIdeI: EphIppIdae) In the Gulf of MexIco. Systematic Parasitology, 81, 97 - 108. https: // doI. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 011 - 9327 - 6"]}

Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. (Figs. 1–8) Type-host: Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert (SCaridae), bumphead parrotfish. Site of infection: Gill filaments. Type locality: Puerto PiZarro, Tumbes, Peru (45°54'S, 81°05'W), South AmeriCa. Prevalence: 2 of 4 hosts infeCted (50%) with a total of 12 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 6 monogeneans per infeCted host (range 5–7). Specimens deposited: Holotype, MUSM 3471; 8 paratypes, MUSM 3472–3479; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 38853a, b, C. Etymology: This speCies is named in honor of Prof. Lidia SánCheZ PéreZ (National University of San MarCos, Peru) for her Contribution to the study of helminth parasites of Peruvian vertebrates. Description: Based on 3 speCimens mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 9 fiXed in 4% hot formalin and stained with Gomori’s triChrome. Body elongate (Fig. 1), 0.900–1.370 (1.121; n = 12) mm long; greatest width 221–305 (251; n = 12) usually at midbody length. Tegument smooth. CephaliC region broad; CephaliC lobes poorly developed; 3 bilateral pairs of ConspiCuous head organs; bilateral pair of CephaliC glands at postpharyngeal level. Eye-spots absent; aCCessory ChromatiC granules few, sCattered in CephaliC area. PharynX subspheriCal, with maXimum width 71–99 (79; n = 10); esophagus short; intestinal bifurCation postpharyngeal; intestinal CeCa unite posteriorly to gonads, laCking divertiCula. PedunCle broad, elongate. Haptor slightly differentiated from body proper, almost reCtangular, 98–140 (114; n = 8) long; 119–189 (152; n = 8) wide; ventral eXtrinsiC adduCtor musCle developed, ConneCted to small, lateral, half-moon-shaped sClerotised pieCe near tip of superfiCial root of ventral anChors (Fig. 2). AnChors with fine ConspiCuous alae (Figs. 3–4). Ventral anChor 85–109 (97; n = 5) long, with well elongate superfiCial root, knob-like deep root, straight shaft, short point (Fig. 3); base 27–31 (34; n = 5) wide. Dorsal anChor 85–88 (87; n = 5) long, slightly fenestrated, with elongate superfiCial root, well-developed deep root, Curved shaft, Curved point (Fig. 4); base 32–37 (35; n = 5) wide. Ventral bar 70–90 (80; n = 5) long, X-shaped, with anterior and posterior projeCtions direCted laterally, anterior projeCtions widened (Fig. 5). Dorsal bar 74–88 (81; n = 5) long, mask-shaped, elongate, anterior margin trilobed and lateral ends enlarged, rounded (Fig. 6). Fourteen similar hooks, 14–16 (15; n = 7) long, eaCh with depressed thumb, slender shank and deliCate point (Fig. 7); filamentous hook (FH) loop about shank length. Male Copulatory organ (MCO) 181–232 (198; n = 9) long, tapered, tubular; Cylinder-shaped base, 45–77 (60; n = 9) long, terminating in diagonal opening; aCCessory pieCe membranous, blanket- shaped, lying dorsal to MCO, enveloping from proXimal Copulatory tube to terminal portion of MCO (Fig. 8). Testis ovate, interCeCal, postequatorial, 113–160 (141; n = 7) long, 79–125 (96; n = 7) wide; seminal vesiCle small, fusiform, sinistrolateral to MCO; single elongate prostatiC reservoir, deXtrolateral to MCO; prostatiC glands ConspiCuous, interCeCal, surround distal region of MCO. Ovary 68–111 (84; n = 6) long, 78–122 (96; n = 6) wide; subspheriCal, slightly overlapping testis. Vaginal aperture deXtromarginal; vaginal vestibule pyriform slightly lying diagonally to midline, proXimal end sClerotised; vaginal duCt narrow, running posteriorly to join small inConspiCuous seminal reCeptaCle. OviduCt, ootype and uterus not observed. Vitelline folliCles dense throughout trunk, absent in regions of reproduCtive organs. Eggs not observed. Remarks: Haliotrema Johnson & Tiegs, 1922 was proposed by Johnston & Tiegs (1922) to aCCommodate speCies possessing a haptor armed with two pairs of anChors (ventral and dorsal), eaCh joined by a transverse bar; eyespots laCking; intestinal CeCa ending blindly and vas deferens not looping around the left CeCum. Haliotrema australe Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 from the gills of blaCk-spotted goatfish, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker ) (Mullidae), in Australia was designated as the type speCies. Yamaguti (1963) reeXamined the holotype of H. australe and notiCed that the vas deferens loops around the left CeCum. Subsequently, Young (1968) amended the generiC diagnosis and defined Haliotrema based on the Combination of the following CharaCteristiCs: (1) vas deferens looping around the left intestinal CeCum, (2) CeCa Confluent posterior to gonads and (3) the deXtral opening of the vagina. Currently, 11 speCies of Haliotrema have been desCribed as having a male Copulatory organ of similar struCture to H. sanchezae n. sp. (tapered and tubular with a membranous aCCessory pieCe): H. bodiani Yamaguti, 1968 from the Tarry hogfish, Bodianus bilunulatus (LaCepède) (Labridae), in Hawaii; H. cirrhitusi MendoZa-FranCo & Violante-GonZaleZ, 2011 from the giant hawkfish, Cirrhitus rivulatus ValenCiennes (Cirrhitidae), in the MeXiCan PaCifiC; H. conspecta Zhukov, 1980 from the redtail parrotfish, Sparisoma chrysopterum (BloCh & SChneider) (SCaridae), in the Gulf of MeXiCo; H. cornutum (MiZelle & Kritsky, 1969) from the spotfin hogfish, Bodianus pulchellus (Poey) (Labridae), in Cuba; H. lactophrys (MaCCallum, 1915) Vala, Maillard & Overstreet, 1982 from the sCrawled Cowfish, Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus) (OstraCiidae), in a New York Aquarium, United States; H. ornatum Yamaguti, 1941 from unidentified apogonid in Japan; H. pacificum (MiZelle & Kritsky, 1969) from the blaCknosed butterflyfish, Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill) (Chaetodontidae), in the MeXiCan PaCifiC; H. priacanthi Yamaguti, 1968 from the glasseye snapper, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (LaCepède) (PriaCanthidae), in Hawaii; H. scari Young, 1968 from the rivulated parrotfish, Scarus rivulatus ValenCiennes (SCaridae), in Australia; H. tuberobaculum Zhukov, 1980 from the striped parrotfish, Scarus iseri (BloCh) (SCaridae) in the Gulf of MeXiCo and H. xesuri Yamaguti, 1940 from the sCapel sawtail, Prionurus scalprum ValenCiennes (ACanthuridae), in Japan. From them, only three speCies have been desCribed from sCarid fish, i. e., H. conspecta, H. scari and H. tuberobaculum. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. most resembles H. conspecta and H. tuberobaculum by the morphology of the male Copulatory organ (tapered-shaped Cirrus tube, Cylinder-shaped base and a blanket-shaped aCCessory pieCe). However, H. sanchezae n. sp. is distinguished from H. conspecta by its dorsal bar whiCh is broadly mask-shaped with its anterior margin trilobed and lateral ends rounded (elongated with lateral digitiform alae eXpansions and anterolateral margin with two ConiCal protuberanCes in H. conspecta). In addition, H. sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. conspecta by the siZe of the male Copulatory organ (181–232 in the new speCies vs 137–150 in H. conspecta). The new speCies differs from H. tuberobaculum in its well-developed superfiCial roots of the ventral anChors (short superfiCial rots of the ventral anChors in H. tuberobaculum). Also, the ventral bar of H. sanchezae n. sp. is Xshaped (M-shaped in H. tuberobaculum). Furthermore, the male Copulatory organ of H. sanchezae n. sp. is bigger than that of H. tuberobaculum (181–232 in the new speCies vs 57–61 in H. tuberobaculum). Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. Can be distinguished of H. scari by the morphology of the male Copulatory organ that is tapered and tubular with a blanket-shaped aCCessory pieCe (tubular and strongly Curved with an aCCessory pieCe like a flap in H. scari). Also, Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. and H. scari Can be also easily distinguished by the morphology of the anChors and transverse bar. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. bodiani, H. cirrhitusi, H. cornutum, H. lactophrys, H. ornatum, H. pacificum, H. priacanthi and H. xesuri by having a membranous aCCessory pieCe suCh as blanket enveloping a part of the male Copulatory organ (filamentous, membranous aCCessory pieCe enCirCling male Copulatory organ to form Complete spirals in the other eight speCies) and a half-moon-shaped sClerotised pieCe near tip of superfiCial root of ventral anChors (absent in the other eight speCies). In addition, Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. differs from H. bodiani, H. cirrhitusi, H. cornutum, H. lactophrys, H. ornatum, H. pacificum, H. priacanthi and H. xesuri by the morphology of the anChors and transverse bars.

Cruces, Celso L., Chero, Jhon D., Sáez, Gloria, Luque, José L. (2017): Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961. Zootaxa 4311 (1): 111-121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.1.7

Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. (Figs. 9–16) Type-host: Hemanthias peruanus (SteindaChner) (Serranidae), splittail bass. Site of infection: Gill filaments. Type locality: Puerto PiZarro, Tumbes, Peru (45°54'S, 81°05'W), South AmeriCa. Prevalence: 3 of 12 hosts infeCted (25%) with a total of 51 worms. Mean intensity of infection: 17 monogeneans per infeCted host (range 11–23). Specimens deposited: Holotype, MUSM 3480; 27 paratypes, MUSM 3481–3507; 3 paratypes, CHIOC 38852a, b, C. Etymology: The speCifiC epithet refers to the Country where the speCies was found. Description: Based on 10 speCimens mounted in Gray and Wess medium and 21 fiXed in 4% hot formalin and stained with Gomori’s triChrome. Body fusiform (Fig. 9), 597–949 (732; n = 31) mm long; greatest width 124–173 (144; n = 31) usually posterior to testis. Tegument smooth. CephaliC region broad; CephaliC lobes poorly developed; 3 bilateral pairs of ConspiCuous head organs; bilateral pair of CephaliC glands lateral to pharynX. Eyespots absent; aCCessory ChromatiC granules few, sCattered in CephaliC area. PharynX spheriCal, with maXimum width 31–53 (38; n = 20); esophagus short; intestinal bifurCation postpharyngeal; intestinal CeCa unite posteriorly to gonads, laCking divertiCula. PedunCle broad, short to elongate. Haptor subquadrate, differentiated from body proper, 57–73 (67; n = 10) long; 91–134 (111; n = 10) wide; bilateral Claviform reservoirs on haptor not observed. AnChors with fine ConspiCuous alae (Figs. 10–11). Ventral anChor 57–67 (65; n = 15) long, with well-developed elongate superfiCial root, developed deep root, slightly Curved shaft, short Curved point (Fig. 10); base 19–21 (20; n = 15) wide. Dorsal anChor 64–69 (67; n = 15) long, with well-developed elongate superfiCial root, rounded deep root, slightly Curved shaft, short Curved point (Fig. 11); base 19–23 (21; n = 15) wide. Ventral bar 39–69 (48; n = 17) long, elongate, lateral ends enlarged, rounded and bilobed ends (Fig. 12). Dorsal bar 61–98 (75; n = 12) long, flattened, with bifurCate ends, anterior arm of bifurCation longer than posterior arm (Fig. 13). Fourteen similar hooks, 13–15 (14; n = 11) long, eaCh with depressed thumb, uniform shank and deliCate point (Fig. 14); filamentous hook (FH) loop about shank length. Male Copulatory organ (MCO) 70–91 (83; n = 28) long, taperedshaped with Curved distal tip, bell-shaped base having two lateral knobs, short and broad arm direCted posteriorly (Fig. 15); aCCessory pieCe absent. Testis large, interCeCal, ovate, not lobulated, 116–190 (144; n = 17) long, 54–78 (63; n = 17) wide; proXimal vas deferens looping left intestinal CeCum, dilating to form large fusiform seminal vesiCle slightly in left side of trunk, posterior to MCO; single prostatiC reservoir lying deXtrolateral to MCO, pyriform to fusiform; prostatiC glands ConspiCuous, interCeCal surrounding the MCO. Ovary 55–109 (82; n = 10) long, 34–47 (41; n = 10) wide, pyriform, lying to right of anterior end of testis. Vaginal aperture deXtrolateral at level of seminal vesiCle; vaginal vestibule elongates, lightly sClerotised, lying obliquely on right side of body anterior to ovary; vaginal duCt narrow, running posteriorly to join subspheriCal seminal reCeptaCle. OviduCt, ootype and uterus not observed. Vitelline folliCles dense throughout trunk, absent in regions of reproduCtive organs. Egg oval (Fig. 16), 102–109 (106; n = 2) long, 74–87 (81; n = 2) wide, with single short filament at aboperCular pole, 23–27 (25; n = 2) long. Remarks: Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961 aCCommodates daCtylogyrids possessing a dorsal bar with bifurCated ends; hooks with protruding, blunt, and slightly depressed thumbs and undilated shanks; deXtroventral or deXtrolateral vaginal aperture leading to an elongate and oblique vaginal vestibule; ovary deXtral to the testis; and a Copulatory CompleX without aCCessory pieCe (Kritsky & Bakenhaster 2016). Currently, Parancylodiscoides inCludes 4 speCies, namely P. longiphallus (MaCCallum, 1915); P. chaetodipteri Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1961; P. platacis (Young, 1968) and P. macrobaculum (Zhukov, 1983). All of them desCribed from ephippid and serranid fish off PaCifiC and AtlantiC OCeans (Kritsky 2012; Kritsky & Bakenhaster 2016). Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. Can be distinguished from all other speCies of Parancylodiscoides by having a tapered-shaped male Copulatory organ with Curved distal tip and a bell-shaped base having two lateral knobs and short arm. Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. most resembles P. macrobaculum by having the base of the male Copulatory organ with an arm direCted posteriorly, a deXtrolateral vaginal aperture and a not lobulated testis. However, the new speCies is easily distinguished from P. macrobaculum by the morphology of the arm assoCiated with the base of the MCO, whiCh is short and broad (long and narrow in P. macrobaculum). In addition, P. peruensis n. sp. Can also be distinguished from P. macrobaculum by having a dorsal bar with anterior arm of bifurCation longer than posterior arm (anterior arm of similar siZe than the posterior in P. macrobaculum). Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. differs from P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis by possessing a deXtrolateral vaginal aperture (deXtroventral in P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis) and a not lobulated testis (lobulated in P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis). Also, P. peruensis n. sp. differs from P. chaetodipteri, P. longiphallus and P. platacis by having a single short arm direCted posteriorly assoCiated with the base of the male Copulatory organ (two arms unequal in length in P. chaetodipteri, two elongate subequal arms in P. longiphallus and a single elongate arm direCted anteriorly in P. platacis).