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Household surveys collect information on social and demographic characteristics in which the household constitutes the sampling units. They are effective means of obtaining variety of data needed for informed policy formulation and monitoring of national development. Despite their increasing recognition, household surveys suffer from non-response which creates bias estimates leading to wrong inference if not properly addressed. Existing estimators for handling missing values focused on the quality of missing value estimates without considering the resulting effects on location and scale parameters with regard to the nature of missingness and number of missing values. The convoluted weighted method was more efficient than the existing estimators with increasing number and nature of missingness. Its use will enhanced the level of precision of the estimated population parameter in the presence of missing values in household surveys.

Hrvatska je država koja ima ukupno 1.185 otoka, a zbog povoljne klime, geografskog položaja i velikog broja sunčanih sati većina otoka u Hrvatskoj je naseljena. Prema popisu stanovništva iz 1957. godine, hrvatsko otočje bilo je izuzetno dobro naseljeno, ali zbog ratnih okolnosti dogodila su se brojna iseljavanja te je uglavnom na hrvatskim otocima zastupljeno starije stanovništvo. Prema posljednjem popisu stanovništva u 2021. godini, u odnosu na 2011. godinu evidentirano je ponovno smanjenje broja stanovništva. U ukupnom broju otočnog stanovništva najviši broj stanovništva nalazi se u životnoj dobi između 55 i 59 godina, odnosno 7,81 %, dok je na drugom mjestu skupina stanovništva u životnoj dobi između 50 i 54 godine. Isto tako, vidljivo je smanjenje broja mladog stanovništva, a razlog tomu su iseljavanja zbog nezaposlenosti i „lošijih“ uvjeta za život nego što je to slučaj s kopnenim prostorom. Croatia is a country with a total of 1,185 islands, and due to the favorable climate, geographical location and large number of hours of sunshine, most of the islands in Croatia are inhabited. According to the population census from 1957, the Croatian islands were extremely well populated, but due to the circumstances of the war, numerous emigrations took place, and the older population is mainly represented on the Croatian islands. According to the last population census in 2021, compared to 2011, the number of the population decreased again. In the total number of the island's population, the highest number of the population is between the ages of 55 and 59, that is, 7.81%, while in second place is the population group between the ages of 50 and 54. Likewise, there is a visible decrease in the number of the young population, and the reason for this is emigration due to unemployment and "worse" living conditions than is the case in the mainland area

Drones operate on electric batteries and not on gasoline, so the eco-friendly role of drones has recently attracted a lot of attention. Thus, this study was designed in order to investigate differences in behavioral intentions, such as intention to use, word-of-mouth, and willingness to pay more, according to demographic characteristics and past experiences in the field of eco-friendly drone food delivery services. Data were collected from 422 potential consumers of eco-friendly drone food delivery services in South Korea. The data analysis results indicated that females are more willing to pay extra than males are, respondents who were in their 50s had higher word-of-mouth intention than other generations, marital status showed significant differences in willingness to pay more and intentions to use, and there was a difference in willingness to pay more and word-of-mouth with regards to monthly income. In addition, respondents who had previously heard of drone food delivery services had higher averages with willingness to pay more and intentions to use as opposed to respondents who had not heard of them, and respondents who had experience controlling drones were willing to pay additional fees when they used eco-friendly drone food delivery services. The results of this study would be a great assistance for executives who will operate eco-friendly drone food delivery services.

The urban village represents a particular problem in urban design and renewal in China. Many cities in China have started the redevelopment of urban villages. Based on the investigation of four urban village redevelopment projects in Guangdong Province, China from 2010 to 2020, building façades, plant landscape, roads, and municipal public facility variety were taken as physical factors in this study. Urban village residents with different demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, income, family size, and urban village-native status, were selected as respondents, and the influence of the considered village physical factors on the visual preference assessments performed by the respondents was analyzed by means of photo stimulation. The results show that all four village factors exerted a certain influence on the respondents’ visual preference assessment. Redeveloped urban villages presenting repaired and decorated building façades, various species of plants, resurfaced roads, and medium municipal public facility variety were favored by the respondents. Urban village residents with different demographic characteristics also provided different visual preference assessments of different physical factors of the redeveloped urban villages.

Sahtekâr Fenomeni (SF) kişilerin başarılarını içselleştiremeyerek kendilerinin birer sahtekâr olduklarına inanmaları olarak tanımlanır. İki türü olduğu ileri sürülmektedir: Gerçek SF (GSF) ve Stratejik SF (SSF). İki çalışmadan oluşan bu araştırma 3 amaç doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir: SF’nin (1) Türkiye’deki kadınlardaki yaygınlığının ve demografik risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, (2) türlerinin incelenmesi ve (3) “başarı” ve “başarısızlık” sosyal temsilleri (ST) ile ilişkisinin keşfedilmesi. Her iki çalışmada da Clance SF Ölçeği, Hiyerarşik Çağrışımlar Testi, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Kendini Zayıflatma Davranışları Ölçeği, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. ST’lerle ilişkili veriler hem nitel (Prototip Analizi) hem de nicel analizlerin bir arada kullanılmasıyla incelenmiştir. Birinci çalışmaya Türkiye’nin dört büyükşehrinden (Ankara, Bursa, İstanbul ve İzmir) birinde çalışan ya da lisans/lisansüstü öğrencisi olan 677 kadın (Ort.yaş = 31. 36, SS = 9.67) katılmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların %65.73’ünün en az orta düzeyde sahtelik hisleri deneyimlediğini göstermiştir. SF’nin yaş, meslekteki süre, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve eğitim durumu ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Temsillere yönelik nicel analizler “çalışmak”, “kariyer”, “azim” ve “inanmak” ifadelerinin kullanım sıklığı ve/veya önem düzeyleri açısından GSF, SSF ve SF olmayanlar arasında farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. İlk çalışmanın tekrarlanabilirliğini test etmek ve kadınların sosyal temsillerini erkeklerinkiyle karşılaştırmak için ikinci çalışma yapılmıştır. İkinci çalışmaya 204’ü (%52.7) kadın toplam 387 akademisyen (Ort.yaş = 39.29, SS = 9.05) katılmıştır. Bulgular akademisyen kadınların %68.63’ünün en az orta düzeyde SF’ye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Temsillere yönelik nicel analizler, “emek”, “mutluluk”, “tatmin” (“baĢarı” ST’leri), “mutsuzluk”, “üzüntü” ve “hayal kırıklığı” (“başarısızlık” ST’leri) ifadelerinin frekansı ve/veya önem düzeyleri açısından gruplar arasında farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Nitel ve nicel analizlerden elde edilen bulgular bir arada değerlendirilmiş ve literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır. The Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is characterized by an individual’s belief of being a fraud by not internalizing their success. Two types of the IP have been proposed: True IP (TIP) and Strategic IP (SIP). This research, consisting of two studies, was carried out with 3 purposes: (1) to determine the prevalence and demographic risk factors of IP in women in Turkey, (2) to examine its types, and (3) to explore its relationship with social representations (SRs) of "success" and "failure". In both studies, the Clance IP Scale, Hierarchical Evocations Test, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Debilitation Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Demographic Information Form were used. Data related to SRs were analyzed using a combination of both qualitative (Prototypical Analysis) and quantitative analysis. In the first study, 677 women who were either working or studying at the undergraduate or graduate level in one of four major cities in Turkey (Ankara, Bursa, İstanbul, and İzmir) participated (Mage = 31.36, SD = 9.67). The findings showed that 65.73% of the participants experienced at least a moderate level of impostor feelings. IP was found to be associated with age, duration in occupation, socio-economic status, and educational status. Quantitative analyses of representations showed differences in the frequency of usage and/or significance levels of the expressions “working”, “career”, “perseverance” and “to believe” among participants with TIP, SIP, and non-IP. The second study was conducted to test the first study's reproducibility and compare the social representations of women with those of men. A total of 387 academics (Mage = 39.29, SD = 9.05), 204 (52.7%) of whom were women, participated in the second study. The findings showed that 68.63% of the female academics had at least a moderate level of IP. Quantitative analyses of representations showed differences in the frequency and/or significance levels of the expressions “effort”, “happiness”, “satisfaction” (SRs of “success”), “unhappiness”, “sadness”, and “disappointment” (SRs of “failure”) among the groups. The findings obtained from qualitative and quantitative analyses were evaluated together and discussed in the light of the literature.

Context: This article aims to determine the entrepreneurial skills of Vocational Secondary School students after the implementation of a new curriculum that promotes entrepreneurship courses in Indonesia. The authors believe that after taking such courses, students will be able to generate entrepreneurial skills. This study also explores the effect of demographic characteristics on students' entrepreneurship skills level, especially with respect to gender, school, and family. Approach: This study used a quantitative approach, with data collected through a questionnaire with five variables, that is, leadership, reflective communication, risk-taking, creatively innovative, and future orientation. Data were collected from 463 students who had taken entrepreneurship subjects that were chosen randomly. Data were analyzed using linear regression. Findings: 52.22% of our respondents had a moderate score for entrepreneurial skills, this is not in accordance with the expected learning outcomes, there are students who have entrepreneurial skills at a high level. With respect to creative innovation, in particular, a majority (53.15%) had a low score and 4.1% had a very low score. Moreover, family had a significant and positive effect on all dependent variables (leadership scores, reflective communication scores, risk-taking scores, creatively innovative scores, future orientation scores, and overall entrepreneurial skills scores). School demographic characteristics had a significant positive effect on the value of future orientation. These results indicate that private schools tend to strengthen the level of reflective communicative scores. Conclusion: The entrepreneurial skills of most vocational students are middling. This indicates that entrepreneurship subjects at Vocational Secondary schools have not been able to achieve their expected learning outcomes or help students develop entrepreneurial skills at a high level. Thus, further research is needed to determine the causes behind the problem. Schools are expected to be able to establish harmonious relationships by involving families to support the improvement of an informal learning environment that supports the mastery of entrepreneurial skills of vocational students.

Basierend auf der upper echelons theory untersucht diese Arbeit den Einfluss demografischer Charakteristika von CEOs auf den Erstansatz von goodwill im Rahmen von mergers & acquisitions. Während sich die bisherige goodwill-Forschung vor allem auf die Auswirkung ökonomischer Faktoren konzentriert, legt die upper echelons theory nahe, dass auch kognitive Verzerrungen in der Entscheidungsfindung nicht vernachlässigt werden dürfen. Aus diesem Grund wird das derzeit etablierte goodwill-Modell um eine demografische Ebene erweitert. Anhand von Daten zu mergers & acquisitions, die nach US-GAAP und IFRS als business combination bilanziert wurden, kann festgestellt werden, dass die demografischen Merkmale der für die Transaktionen verantwortlichen CEOs im Zusammenhang mit dem Erstansatz von goodwill stehen. Das Alter und das Bildungsniveau des CEOs stehen in negativem Zusammenhang mit dem Erstansatz von goodwill, während die Erfahrung des CEOs im erwerbenden Unternehmen einen positiven Zusammenhang aufweist. Die Ergebnisse sind robust für eine Reihe an literaturbasierten ökonomischen Einflussfaktoren und diverse Modellspezifikationen. Während die ökonomischen Variablen den größten Teil der Varianz im Erstansatz von goodwill erklären, unterstreicht diese Arbeit die Bedeutung der demografischen Charakteristika von CEOs entsprechend der upper echelons theory. Die Erweiterung der bestehenden goodwill-Modelle um demografische Variablen auf CEO-Ebene stellt einen neuen Ansatz in diesem Forschungsgebiet dar. Die Ergebnisse sind für mehrere an mergers & acquisitions beteiligte Parteien, einschließlich Wirtschaftsprüfer, Berater und Standardsetzer, wertvoll und werfen ein Licht auf die treibenden Faktoren hinter der erstmaligen Erfassung von goodwill. Während sich verwandte Studien fast ausschließlich mit der Wertminderung von goodwill befassen, vertieft diese Arbeit das Verständnis dafür, wie die Höhe des goodwill beim erstmaligen Ansatz beeinflusst wird. Based on the upper echelons theory, this study investigates the impact of CEOs’ demographic characteristics on the initial recognition of goodwill arising from mergers & acquisitions. While previous goodwill-research has focused mainly on the impact of economic factors, upper echelons theory suggests that biases in human decision-making may neither be neglected. Addressing this gap, this study augments the currently established goodwill-model by a demographic layer. Using data on mergers & acquisitions accounted for as a business combination under US-GAAP and IFRS, it is found that the demographic characteristics of the CEOs responsible for executing the transaction are significantly related with the amount of goodwill initially recognized. Namely, CEO age and education level are negatively related to the initial amount of goodwill recognition, while CEO experience within the acquiring company is positively related. The results hold for a wide range of economic goodwill determinants deuced from previous studies and different model specifications. While economic variables explain most of the variance in goodwill recognition, this study reinforces the importance of the CEOs’ demographic characteristics as suggested by the upper echelons theory. Augmenting the existing goodwill models by demographic variables on the CEO-level represents a new approach in this stream of research. The results are valuable for several parties involved in mergers & acquisitions, including auditors, advisors and standard setters, and shed light on the driving factors behind the initial goodwill recognition. While related studies almost exclusively address the impairment of goodwill, this study deepens the understanding of how the amount of goodwill is shaped at the initial recognition. eingereicht von Mag.ᵃ Nicole Trudenberger Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Dissertation Universität Linz 2023 Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufbar

Η προσχολική ηλικία είναι μια κρίσιμη περίοδος μεταξύ άλλων και για την κινητική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών, γι’ αυτό είναι μείζονος σημασίας η καθημερινή εμπλοκή τους σε ποικίλες και οργανωμένες κινητικές εμπειρίες. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι παράμετροι της Θεωρίας Σχεδιασμένης Συμπεριφοράς (Θ.Σ.Σ.) (στάσεις, προθέσεις, υποκειμενική νόρμα, αντιληπτός έλεγχος)εκπαιδευτικών φυσικής αγωγής (Φ.Α.) και νηπιαγωγών ως προς την εισαγωγή και διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Φ.Α. στο νηπιαγωγείο και να βρεθεί η μεταξύ τους συσχέτιση. Τους επιμέρους στόχους της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν: α) η εξέταση μιας σειράς δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών των συμμετεχόντων ως εν δυνάμει παράγοντες πρόβλεψης των προθέσεών τους για τη διδασκαλία της Φ.Α. στο νηπιαγωγείο και β) τυχόν διαφορές μεταξύ των παραμέτρων της Θ.Σ.Σ. αναφορικά με το γνωστικό αντικείμενο και το φύλο των εκπαιδευτικών του δείγματος. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 217 εκπαιδευτικοί Φ.Α.(Ν=138 εκπαιδευτικοί Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης και Ν=80 εκπαιδευτικοί Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης) και 322 Νηπιαγωγοί, από δημόσια σχολεία της Ελλάδας. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί συμπλήρωσαν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο που αποτελούνταν από δύο μέρη: α) το πρώτο μέρος περιλάμβανε ερωτήσεις δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών και μία ερώτηση αντιλαμβανόμενης ικανότητας και β) το δεύτερο μέρος περιλάμβανε 15 ερωτήσεις μέτρησης των μεταβλητών της Θ.Σ.Σ.(Ajzen & Madden, 1986). Τα αποτελέσματα των στατιστικών αναλύσεων έδειξαν ότι τόσο οι εκπαιδευτικοί Φ.Α. όσο και εκείνοι της προσχολικής ηλικίας χαρακτηρίζονται από υψηλούς μέσους όρους και στις τέσσερις παραμέτρους της Θ.Σ.Σ.. Περαιτέρω, η ανάλυση συσχέτισης μεταξύ των εν λόγω εξαρτημένων μεταβλητών (δηλ. των παραμέτρων της Θ.Σ.Σ.) έδειξε σημαντική συσχέτιση και για τις δύο ειδικότητες του δείγματος. Επιπλέον, από την ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης φάνηκε πως οι κυριότεροι προγνωστικοί παράγοντες της πρόθεσης για τους εκπαιδευτικών Φ.Α. ήταν η αντιλαμβανόμενη ικανότητα, η βαθμίδα εκπαίδευσης, το φύλο και η ηλικία, ενώ για τους νηπιαγωγούς ήταν μόνο η αντιλαμβανόμενη ικανότητα. Τέλος, από τις συγκρίσεις t-testφάνηκε να υπάρχουν στατιστικές σημαντικές διαφορές στις μεταβλητές της Θ.Σ.Σ. μεταξύ των εκπαιδευτικών Φ.Α. και των Νηπιαγωγών καθώς και ανάμεσα στα δύο φύλα. Συμπερασματικά οι καθηγητές/τριες Φ.Α. καθώς και οι άντρες του δείγματος, φάνηκε να διατηρούν θετικότερη στάση και πιο ισχυρή πρόθεση απέναντι στην εισαγωγή και τη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Φ.Α. στο νηπιαγωγείο. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας μελέτης θα μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν αφορμή για περαιτέρω έρευνα ώστε να διαμορφωθούν θετικότερες αντιλήψεις και να ενισχυθούν οι παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τις προθέσεις των εκπαιδευτικών στην ενσωμάτωση και διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση της Φ.Α. στο νηπιαγωγείο., Preschool age is a critical period, among others, for children’s motor development, which is why their daily involvement in varied and organized motor experiences is of major importance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the parameters of Theory of Planned behavior (TPB) (attitudes, intentions, subjective norm, perceived control) of Physical Education (PE) teachers and Kindergarten teachers towards of the introduction and teaching of PE course in the kindergarten and to find the correlation between them. The individual objectives of the study was a) the examination of a series of demographic characteristics of the participants as potential predictors of their intentions to teach PE in kindergarten b) any differences between the parameters of TPB regarding the subject and the gender of the teachers of the sample. The sample consisted of 217 PE teachers (N=138 Primary Education teachers and N=80 Secondary Education teachers) and 322 Kindergarten teachers from public schools in Greece. The teachers completed a questionnaire consisting of two parts: a) the first part included demographic characteristic questions and one perceived ability question and b) the second part included 15 questions measuring the variables of TPB (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). The results of the statistical analyzes showed that both Physical Educators and preschool teachers are characterized by high averages in all four parameters of TBP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses between the foresaid depended variables (i.e. the TPB parameters) showed a significant correlation for both specialties of the sample. In addition, the regression analysis showed that the main predictors of intention for PE teacher was perceived ability, level of education, gender, and age. While for kindergarten teachers was only perceived ability. Finally, from the t-test comparisons, there appeared to be statistically significant differences in the TPB variables between PE teachers and kindergarten teachers as well as between the two genders. In conclusion, the PE teachers as well as the men in the sample, seemed to maintain a more positive attitude and a stronger intention towards the introduction and teaching of PE course in kindergarten. The findings of the present study could be a reason for further research to form more positive perceptions and to strengthen the factors that influence teachers’ intentions in the integration and interdisciplinary approach of PE in kindergarten.

Scope and approach : The prevailing food integrity culture of four Belgian food companies was assessed through a validated method triangulation. The relation between the perceived food integrity climate, the performed food integrity and the companies' food fraud vulnerability was analyzed in view of employees' demographic characteristics (i.e. age, seniority, job function, contract type) and organizational characteristics (i.e. product type, service type, company size and certifications status). Results and conclusions : Results from this semi-quantitative study revealed that all the participating companies recorded a positive food integrity culture, as their food integrity climate and performance were medium-high and their fraud vulnerability was medium-low. Minor differences among companies were identified depending on their specific organizational characteristics and employees' demographic characteristics. People integrity was the lowest-perceived food integrity dimension and specific food fraud control measures were lacking in the majority of the participating companies. Managers perceived their company's food integrity climate higher than the operators in contact with food, implying that employees in different job functions may hold differing perceptions of their company's climate. For the other demographic characteristics analyzed (age, seniority and contract type), a statistical correlation with the perceived food integrity climate was not revealed. Results suggest that product type, company size and certifications status may also promote (or hinder) the achievement of a positive food integrity culture. The applied food integrity culture method triangulation has demonstrated to assist food companies in acknowledging potential weaknesses in their food integrity climate, food integrity performance and food fraud control measures, allowing them to improve key human, operational, technical and managerial aspects to achieve an overall consolidated food integrity culture.

Introduction: To facilitate rapid and effective diagnosis of COVID-19, effective screening can alleviate the challenges facing healthcare systems. We aimed to develop a machine learning-based prediction of COVID-19 diagnosis and design a graphical user interface (GUI) to diagnose COVID-19 cases by recording their symptoms and demographic features. Methods: We imple-mented different classification models including support vector machine (SVM), Decision tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) to predict the result of COVID-19 test for individ-uals. We trained these models by data of 16973 individuals (90% of all individuals included in data gathering) and tested by 1885 individuals (10% of all individuals). Maximum relevance minimum redundancy (MRMR) algorithms used to score features for prediction of result of COVID-19 test. A user-friendly GUI was designed to predict COVID-19 test results in individuals. Results: Study re-sults revealed that coughing had the highest positive correlation with the positive results of COVID-19 test followed by the duration of having COVID-19 signs and symptoms, exposure to infected individuals, age, muscle pain, recent infection by COVID-19 virus, fever, respiratory distress, loss of smell or taste, nausea, anorexia, headache, vertigo, CT symptoms in lung scans, diabetes and hyper-tension. The values of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, specificity and area under receiver oper-ating curve (AUROC) of different classification models computed in different setting of features scored by MRMR algorithm. Finally, our designed GUI by receiving each of the 42 features and symptoms from the users and through selecting one of the SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes and decision tree models, predict the result of COVID-19 test. The accuracy, AUROC and F1-score of SVM model as the best model for diagnosis of COVID-19 test were 0.7048 (95% CI: 0.6998, 0.7094), 0.7045 (95% CI: 0.7003, 0.7104) and 0.7157 (95% CI: 0.7043, 0.7194), respectively. Conclusion: In this study we implemented a machine learning approach to facilitate early clinical decision making during COVID-19 outbreak and provide a predictive model of COVID-19 diagnosis capable of categorizing populations in to infected and non-infected individuals the same as an efficient screening tool.

Background. In the Russian Federation, there are currently no official statistical data concerning the incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) and the prevalence of CTCL due to the absence of isolation rubrics in the headings of lymphoproliferative diseases of the federal state statistical observation of the separate neologies. Aim. To obtain and analyze the results of the number of patients with CTCL (mycosis fungoides and Szary syndrome) who were on the dispensary observation in medical organizations of dermatovenereological profile in the period 2015 to 2020, the demographic and clinical-epidemiological characteristics, the applied methods of diagnosis and the therapy. Materials and methods. To conduct the study, the questionnaire was developed to obtain the information of the number of patients observed with diagnoses of "mycosis fungoides" and "Szary syndrome" in medical organizations of the dermatovenereological profile of the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation in the period 2015-2020, were researched the demographic characteristics, the diagnostic methods and the therapy in the studied group of patients. Results. From 24 Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation were obtained the data concerning 163 patients with CTCL under the observation in medical organizations in the period 20152020. From 35 Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation the information showed the absence of patients with CTCL under the observation in medical organizations of dermatovenereological profile. We did not receive the data from 10 Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation. Among 163 patients in 144 (89%) were diagnosed mycosis fungoides, in 17 (10%) Szary syndrome and in 2 (1%) patients were diagnosed other variants of CTCL. The data concerning the demographic characteristics, the diagnosis and the therapy of CTCL were obtained in 155 of 167 patients. We showed that in 44% of cases, the disease was detected by dermatovenerologists, and the diagnosis was most often (39%) determined by oncologists. In 49% of cases the diagnosis was determined only on the basis of the results of histological study, the immunohistochemical study and the polymerase chain reaction were used in 33% and in 3% of cases, respectively. From 155 patients, 52% were under dispensary observation by oncologists, 41% by hematologists, 26% of patients were observed by dermatologists; 99 patients were under dispensary observation by only one specialist: 50 (32%) of patients by oncologist, 40 (26%) of patients by hematologist, 9 (6%) of patients by dermatovenerologist. Nine (6%) of patients were under dispensary observation by three specialists. The information concerning the therapy was available in 92 (59%) of 155 patients. The most commonly applied method of treatment was chemotherapy 72%, phototherapy was received by 26%, the same percentage (18%) was received in two groups: the application of interferon 2b and the application of methotrexate, 1% of patients received radiation therapy. The lethal outcome was registered in 53 (34%) patients. Median duration of the disease from the time of diagnosis to death was 3.55.0 years, the median 2 years, the mode 1 year. Conclusion. For the first time, the attempt was made to summarize the data of the number of patients with CTCL, to describe the demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics, the data concerning diagnostics and the therapy. The obtained preliminary results are required further detailing investigation in close cooperation with the professional specialists such as hematologists and oncologists.

Funding Information: Thanks to the research team of INIS/CISA (Joana Sebastião, Joltim Quivinja, Joana Paixão, António Mateus, and Zinga David), Instituto Nacional de Sangue (Eunice Manico, Alberto Sozinho, and Deodete Machado), and Clínica Girassol (Alice Teixeira, Domingos Alfredo, and Ngueza Loureiro) for the data collection, technical/administrative support, and testing. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Background and Aims: Hypertension is a public health concern, mainly in resource-limited countries. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors related to high blood pressure in healthy blood donors from, Luanda, the capital city of Angola. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 343 healthy donors from December 2019 to September 2020. Results: The mean age was 32 ± 9 years. Men represented 93% of the population. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 131 ± 12.3 mmHg (ranging from 100 to 160 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 80.1 ± 9.72 mmHg (from 56.0 to 100 mmHg). DBP was related to age and gender (p < 0.05). About 7.3% of the donors had high-pressure (>140/90 mmHg). Age between 20 and 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.52, p = 0.043), women (OR: 1.87, p = 0.548), nonurbanized areas (OR: 0.39, p = 0.067), high educational level (OR: 0.76, p = 0.637), employed (OR: 0.49, p = 0.491), voluntary donors (OR: 0.87, p = 0.799), blood group B (OR: 2.06, p = 0.346), and Rh- (OR: 0.26, p = 0.104), were potentially related with high-pressure. The high-pressure cases increased from December 2019 (4%) to September 2020 (28%) (p = 0.019). Conclusion: We showed high pressure among the healthy blood donors population. Demographic characteristics, ABO/Rh blood group, and year period are features that should be considered in cardiovascular disease control strategies. Biological and nonbiological features related to blood pressure changes should be considered for further studies in the Angolan population. publishersversion published

The upward trajectory of urbanization, coupled with the ever-growing demand for more water resources, has led to increased pressure on limited water resources, particularly in cities with dry climates such as Tehran. Since the balance of Tehran’s water ecosystems has been disturbed, and the quality and quantity of water resources have been affected in recent years, conducting an assessment of water environment carrying capacity (WECC) seemed vital for this city. WECC was used as the basis of water supply sustainability evaluation concerning Tehran’s land use and demographic characteristics on a neighborhood scale. Therefore, the effect size and correlation of 12 types of land use and six variables derived from the literature with water consumption patterns were examined in warm and cold seasons. The results show that land use, population density, percentage of deteriorated area, percentage of buildings over 30 years old, residential–commercial land use, and green spaces correlate significantly with water consumption. The percentage of deteriorated areas and buildings over 30 years old has a negative, and the rest has a positive impact on water consumption. It is also recommended to use the research findings to improve Tehran’s water environment carrying capacity and apply the proposed evaluation procedure to other cities. The results of this research can be used in planning large and densely populated cities with a neighborhood-oriented approach, in which local institutions play an essential role in attracting people’s participation and inclusive urban planning.

The upward trajectory of urbanization, coupled with the ever-growing demand for more water resources, has led to increased pressure on limited water resources, particularly in cities with dry climates such as Tehran. Since the balance of Tehran’s water ecosystems has been disturbed, and the quality and quantity of water resources have been affected in recent years, conducting an assessment of water environment carrying capacity (WECC) seemed vital for this city. WECC was used as the basis of water supply sustainability evaluation concerning Tehran’s land use and demographic characteristics on a neighborhood scale. Therefore, the effect size and correlation of 12 types of land use and six variables derived from the literature with water consumption patterns were examined in warm and cold seasons. The results show that land use, population density, percentage of deteriorated area, percentage of buildings over 30 years old, residential–commercial land use, and green spaces correlate significantly with water consumption. The percentage of deteriorated areas and buildings over 30 years old has a negative, and the rest has a positive impact on water consumption. It is also recommended to use the research findings to improve Tehran’s water environment carrying capacity and apply the proposed evaluation procedure to other cities. The results of this research can be used in planning large and densely populated cities with a neighborhood-oriented approach, in which local institutions play an essential role in attracting people’s participation and inclusive urban planning.

Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the literature data comparing with demographic and clinical characteristics of shoulder dislocations in Mus city of Turkey.Patients and Methods: The patients who applied to our hospital with shoulder dislocation between January 2017 and December 2018 were examined retrospectively. The data of a total of 306 patients were obtained from the database. 125 patients which have no radiological imaging of shoulder dislocation were excluded from the study. Incidence, demographic characteristics, type of dislocation, presence of additional injuries, etiology of dislocation, recurrent dislocation, length of hospital stay and reduction of dislocation were evaluated.Results: A total of 181 patients, including 140 (77.34%) male and 41 (22.65%) female, ages ranging from 12 to 93 (mean 39.98 age) were included in the study. During the study year, the incidence of primary shoulder dislocation was 18.9/100,000 per year (14.4/100,000 for men and 4.4/100,000 for women). 153 of the patients (84.5%) had only one and 28 (15.4%) patients had at least two times history of shoulder dislocation. 172 of the patients’ shoulder were closed reduced under sedation in the emergency department and nine of them were closed reduced in the operating room under general anesthesia.Conclusion: The incidence of the study is 18.9/100.000 and similar to the previous studies in the literature. This result may be explained by the regional demographic diversity of the patient population

The aging of societies and the quality of life of the elderly may be accompanied by food insecurity. The aim of the study was to find the relationships between the perceptions of various causes of food insecurity, i.e., financial, social, health, and spatial, and then between those and the selected sociodemographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in late 2018 and early 2019 among 760 people aged 65 and older in two regions of Poland. Factor analysis with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the main causes of the prevalence of food insecurity. Cluster analysis using Ward’s hierarchical classification and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between the identified reasons for food insecurity, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status (SES). Two groups of causes that favor the experience of food insecurity among the elderly were identified, i.e., economic–social reasons and spatial–health reasons. They relate to such situations of food insecurity as concerns about food shortages, lack of staple foods, limited size or frequency of meals, and skipping meals. The high importance of economic–social (HE-S) reasons was associated with the low importance of spatial–health (LS-H) reasons, and conversely, the high importance of spatial–health (HS-H) causes was associated with the low importance of economic–social (LE-S) causes. HE-S and LS-H reasons were combined with low SES and residence in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. HS-H causes, on the other hand, were associated with LE-S causes and living in rural areas or towns of fewer than 100,000 inhabitants, as well as high SES. This specificity should be considered in the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the phenomenon of experiencing food insecurity in the elderly population.

Due to current advances and growing experience in the management of coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the outcome of COVID‐19 patients with severe/critical illness would be expected to be better in the second wave compared with the first wave. As our hospitalization criteria changed in the second wave, we aimed to investigate whether a favorable outcome occurred in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with only severe/critical illness. Among 642 laboratory‐confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in the first wave and 1121 in the second wave, those who met World Health Organization (WHO) definitions for severe or critical illness on admission or during follow‐up were surveyed. Data on demographics, comorbidities, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels on admission, and outcomes were obtained from an electronic hospital database. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the characteristics of patients in the first and second waves. There were 228 (35.5%) patients with severe/critical illness in the first wave and 681 (60.7%) in the second wave. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and comorbidities, other than chronic kidney disease. Median serum CRP levels were significantly higher in patients in the second wave compared with those in the first wave [109 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR]: 65–157) vs. 87 mg/L (IQR: 39–140); p, Highlights Even though a lower mortality rate in the second wave has been reported in previous studies, including all hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, we found similar AQ4demographics and outcomes among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with severe/critical illness in the first and second wave.

Pakistan is ranked fourth among all the milk-producing countries across the globe. Despite this, livestock farm families are often located far from potential locations for dairy production. This gap exists due to a lack of information regarding recommended dairy production practices. In this modern era, the provision of information necessary for enhanced dairy production could be achieved through the effective use of electronic media. The present study was confined to the district of Faisalabad due to our limited time and economic resources. We aimed to identify farmers’ perceptions of the use of electronic media as a source of reliable information. A total of 165 dairy farmers participated in this research survey after being selected using a simple random sampling technique. The findings of the present research study indicate that a lack of education followed by male–female influences the adoption of electronic media as a potential information tool. The use of mobile phones for obtaining necessary information, on the other hand, was ranked the highest among dairy farmers. It is recommended that dairy farmers’ training includes the effective use of electronic media so that they may equip themselves with advanced dairy production information.

Background With the spread of vaccines, more and more countries have controlled the outbreak of the COVID-19. In this post-epidemic era, these countries began to revive their economy. However, pollution remains in the environment, and people’s physical and psychological health has been under threat due to some over-prevention behaviors. Instruments for governmental agencies to manage these behaviors are not yet available. This study aims to develop a measurement model to identify and measure the degree of over-prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods A survey online was conducted to collect cognition from 1528 Chinese people, including descriptions of various over-prevention behaviors defined by health authorities. Factor analyses were used to develop the measurement model and test its validity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore demographic characteristics, indicating people who are inclined to exhibit over-prevention behaviors. Results Four main factors were extracted to develop the model (eigenvalue = 7.337, 3.157, 1.447, and 1.059, respectively). The overall reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.900), the convergent (AVE > 0.5, CR > 0.8 for each factor) and discriminant validity is good. There is also a good internal consistency among these factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.906, 0.852, 0.882, and 0.763, respectively). In Factor 1, gender has a negative effect (Beta = − 0.294, P

Quality of Work-life (QWL) has gained wide attention from various researchers in the recent decade. It is the means for attracting and retaining a talented workforce by providing a conducive and humanized working environment. The present study analyzes the level of QWL in manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) located in and around Bangalore city. Further, the research attempts to investigate the association between QWL with demographical characteristics. The data were collected using structured questionnaires consisting of general information and questions about nine QWL factors with 49 items. The structured questionnaire was administrated to 750 employees, and the responses were analyzed using statistical software. The research findings revealed that all the demographic factors were significantly associated with QWL.

Modern societies face problems due to rapid, multiple, and continuous changes; this has led to the necessity for individuals in the twenty-first century to possess the skills to solve problems. Perhaps the most important groups of society which shape the future of any community are gifted students. Therefore, this study seeks to bridge the knowledge gap related to examine the level of solving-problem skills for gifted students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence and determine whether there is any effect of parents' academic level on problem-solving skills among the gifted students. The study used the descriptive and analytical method to achieve the objectives. The research population consists of 206 participants; the research sample reached 80 respondents chosen as a stratified random sample. To achieve the research goals, the researchers used the Heppner assessment to solve problems. The validity and reliability of the instrument were verified. SPSS program used to reach the results, descriptive statistics were used; also, the ANOVA test was used to determine the effect of demographic characteristics. The study results found that 66% of gifted students were below the acceptable level in the ability to solve problems, while 34% were within the acceptable level. The findings also showed no statistically significant differences attributed to the gifted student's father's and mother's academic level on the ability to solve the problem. The researchers made recommendations regarding training gifted students, their teachers, and their parents in problem-solving skills based on the study results.

Supervisor:KIM Eunyoung, 先端科学技術研究科, 博士

This study on the life status of IAPES members based on identified conditions and their demographic characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted to provide an updated profile of the members of the International Association of Physical Education and Sports. The objectives of the study is to collect data and information based on the following: (i) demographic characteristics of selected IAPES members as to their country of origin, age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, length of service as PE teacher, length of service in their current institution, and the type of institution they are employed; (ii) the current life status of selected IAPES members in terms of psychological, physical, financial, work/professional, and sociocultural conditions; (iii) presence of significant relationships on the current life status when grouped according to their demographic characteristics; (iv) how the selected IAPES’ members describe their greatest attributes that have helped them cope with the COVID-19 pandemic; and, (v) what other matters have been bothering the selected IAPES’ members in relation to the prevalence of the pandemic. The study used mixed methods of research, the quantitative (descriptive-correlational) and qualitative (descriptive-exploratory) methods. Moreover, the study utilized purposive-convenient sampling techniques in the selection of 246 IAPES’ members from the Philippines, India, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Iran, Thailand, and United States. Results show that respondents’ life status based on the cited conditions have significant relationships when grouped according to the respondents’ country of origin, sex (except for the physical condition), and educational attainment, while there are no significant relationships based on their age, civil status (except for physical and work/professional conditions), length of service as PE teacher, length of service in the current institution, and type of institution. Moreover, there were 5 greatest attributes in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic identified by the respondents, resilience, attitude of maintaining good physical condition, seeking for families’ and friends’ support in times of crisis, volunteerism, and faith in God. Other matters bothering the respondents related to COVID-19 pandemic are financial stability, family’s safety, learning more about mental health, their students’ learning conditions, and the lack of initiatives from the authorities in battling the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim of this article is to examine travel motivations for visiting urban destinations in the Republic of Serbia. Differences among the travel motives according to tourists’ demographic characteristics were also analyzed. The research was conducted from June 2018 to July 2019 on tourists who visited urban destinations in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš and Kragujevac). The analysis included 390 valid answers from respondents. The research results, which are presented in the article, have shown that tourists visit urban destinations in Serbia for business, education, family and sightseeing. The contribution of this study is reflected in the identification of key travel motives for visiting urban destinations in Serbia and this can help those preparing a tourist offer to adjust their services to the needs and requirements of such tourists. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie badań motywacji podróżowania do ośrodków miejskich w Republice Serbii. Przeanalizowano również różnice między motywacjami w zależności od cech demograficznych turystów. Badania prowadzono w okresie od czerwca 2018 r. do lipca 2019 r. wśród turystów, którzy odwiedzili wybrane serbskie miasta (Belgrad, Nowy Sad, Nisz i Kragujevac). Analiza objęła 390 ważnych odpowiedzi uzyskanych od respondentów. Wyniki zaprezentowane w artykule świadczą o tym, że turyści odwiedzają ośrodki miejskie w Serbii w celach zawodowych, edukacyjnych, ze względów rodzinnych oraz poznawczych. Znaczenie tych badań polega na określeniu motywacji podróżowania do miast w Serbii, co może pomóc w przygotowaniu oferty turystycznej i dostosowaniu usług do potrzeb i wymagań turystów.

Sürdürülebilir tüketim, günümüzün ve geleceğin önemli konularından biridir. Çünkü sürdürülebilir bir doğa ve toplum, sürdürülebilir tüketim alışkanlığıyla ilişkilidir. Günümüz tüketicilerinin sürdürülebilir tüketimle ilgili daha duyarlı oldukları söylenebilir. Doğaya, çevreye ve hayvanlara olan farkındalıklar artmıştır. Dolayısıyla evcil hayvanı olan tüketici sayısında da artış olmuştur. Evcil hayvan ürünleri ise giderek büyüyen bir pazardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, evcil hayvan sahiplerinin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışlarını, evcil hayvanı olmayan tüketicilerle karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 475 tüketicinin anketi değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Anketler yüz yüze ve online olarak yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, evcil hayvanı olan tüketicilerin, evcil hayvanı olmayan tüketicilere göre sürdürülebilir tüketim eğilimleri daha yüksektir. Bu sonuca göre sürdürülebilir pazarlama faaliyetleri yapan işletmeler, pazar bölümlendirmede evcil hayvan sahiplerini özellikle dikkate almalıdırlar. İlgili literatürde evcil hayvanı olan tüketicilere yönelik sınırlı sayıda araştırma olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma araştırma konusu itibariyle ulusal literatürde ilk yapılmış çalışma olması açısından önem taşımaktadır., Sustainable consumption is one of the important issues of today and the future. Because a sustainable nature and society are associated with sustainable consumption habits. It can be said that today's consumers are more sensitive about sustainable consumption. Awareness of nature, environment and animals has increased. Therefore, there has been an increase in the number of consumers with pets. Pet products are a growing market. The aim of this study is to compare the sustainable consumption behaviors of pet owners with consumers who do not have pets. For this purpose, questionnaires of 475 consumers reached by convenience sampling method were evaluated. Surveys were conducted face-to-face and online. According to the findings, consumers with pets have higher sustainable consumption tendencies than consumers without pets. According to this result, businesses that carry out sustainable marketing activities should pay particular attention to pet owners in market segmentation. In the relevant literature, it is seen that there are limited studies on consumers with pets. This study is important in terms of being the first study in the national literature in terms of its research subject.

Although mobile health (m-health) has great potential to reduce the cost of medical care and improve its quality and efficiency, it is not widely accepted by consumers. In addition, there is still a lack of comprehensive insight into m-health acceptance, especially among consumers with different demographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting consumers’ acceptance and usage behaviors of m-health and to examine whether their roles differ by demographic characteristics. A comprehensive m-health acceptance model was proposed by integrating factors from the Self-Determination Theory, Task–Technology Fit, and Technology Acceptance Model. Survey data were collected from 623 Chinese adults with at least 6 months of m-health usage experience and analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Multi-group analyses were performed to assess whether the model relationships were different across gender, age, and usage experience. The results indicated that relatedness and competence were significant motivational antecedents of perceived ease of use. Task–technology fit and the perceived ease of use significantly affected the perceived usefulness. The perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were significant determinants of consumer usage behaviors of m-health and together explained 81% of its variance. Moreover, the relationships among autonomy, perceived usefulness, and usage behaviors of m-health were moderated by gender. Consumer usage behaviors of m-health were affected by factors such as self-motivation (i.e., relatedness and competence), technology perceptions (i.e., perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), and task–technology fit. These findings provide a theoretical underpinning for future research on m-health acceptance and provide empirical evidence for practitioners to promote the better design and use of m-health for healthcare activities.

Objective: To identify the reasons for choosing medicine as a career in medical students and find their association with gender and different academic performance. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan, from 2015 to 2017. Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was developed after thorough literature search and interviewing few students. All students who gave consent and filled questionnaire were included in the study. Students, who obtained less than 50% marks in professional examinations, were labelled as cases and those who passed were labelled as controls. Ratio of cases to controls obtained was 1:2. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: Total 225 students took part in the study. Half of both genders [M=55 (50%), F=61 (53%)] came into this field by their own choice. Male students chose medicine as a career mainly because they were more passionate [M=51(46%), F=38 (33%), pvalue = 0.03], wanted to honor their parents‟ wishes [M=35 (31%), F=28 (24%)], and used to find biology easier than math [M=19 (17%), F=14 (12%)]. Female students chose medicine as a career mainly because they had a misconception of relatively easier career growth in medicine [M=4 (3%), F=6 (5%)]. Conclusion: Most medical students in this private institute came into medicine of their own choice. However, passion, honoring parents‟ wishes and finding biology easier than math was more evident in failed students and male gender whereas females came with misconception of an easy career path in medicine.

Purpose – This study measures the relative importance of hotel website features based on users’ perceptions and analyses the impact of gender, age, and frequency of Internet access on the given importance of features. Our study includes ten features and three hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach – A research questionnaire was developed and distributed to hotel guests. A total of 406 responses were collected. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and oneway ANOVA. Findings – Results showed that users prioritized information about products and services, bookings and reservations, an easy-to-use website, and contact information. Privacy, design, and information on the surroundings were also important features. Customer feedback options, corporate information, and links to social media sites were ranked as significantly less important. Moreover, age and frequency of Internet access have a significant impact on the perceived importance of features, while no differences were found with regard to gender. Originality – Many studies have used web performance tools to measure the performance of hotel websites. However, these studies have not provided guests’ preferences and perceived importance of website features. To our knowledge, no previous research has examined the effect of gender, age, and frequency of Internet access on the perceived importance of hotel website features.

Acil servise başvuran kritik hastalıkların özelliklerinin bilinmesi, en kısa sürede tanı alması ve doğru tedavilerinin başlamasında hayati öneme sahiptir Çalışmamızda acil servise başvuran hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Ocak 2015 ile Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz üçüncü basamak acil servisine başvuran tüm erişkin ve çocuk hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, hastalık tanıları ve yıllara göre başvuru oranları değerlendirildi. Acile servise beş yıl içerisinde başvuran hasta sayısı 2.254.302 olarak tespit edildi. Hastaların %50.9’u erkek ve %49.1’i kadındı ve yaş gruplarına göre başvuru sıklığı değerlendirildiğinden yoğun grubun %26.73 ile 10 yaş ve altı olduğu görüldü. En çok başvuru %51 ile 16:00-24:00 saatleri arasında idi. Hastaların en sık solunum sistemi problemleri(%24,71) ile acile başvurduğu tespit edildi. Acil servise başvuran hastaların %2.24’ü ilgili bölümlere, %0.77’sinin ise yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırıldığı tespit edildi. Acil servislere başvuru oranının yüksek olması beraberinde aşırı hasta yoğunluğuna neden olmaktadır. Acil servise başvuran hasta profilinin belirlenmesi, verilecek hizmet sunumu ve hasta bakım kalitenin artırılmasında faydalı olacaktır., It is vital to know the characteristics of critical diseases admitted to the emergency department, to diagnose as soon as possible and to start the right treatment. In our study, we aimed to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to the emergency department. All adult and pediatric patients who admitted to the tertiary care emergency department of our hospital between January 2015 and December 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic characteristics of the patients, diagnoses and application rates according to the years were evaluated. The number of patients admitted to the emergency department within five years was 2,254,302. 50.9% of the patients were male and 49.1% were female. When the frequency of application was evaluated according to the age groups, it was seen that the most intense group was those aged 10 and below with 26.73%. The highest application rate was between 4 p.m-12 p.m. with 26.73%. It was found that the patients were admitted to the emergency department most frequently with respiratory system problems (24.71%). It was determined that 2.24% of the patients admitted to the emergency department were hospitalized in the relevant wards and 0.77% were transferred to the intensive care unit. The high rate of admission to emergency departments also causes excessive patient density. Determining the patient profile that admitted to the emergency department will be useful in increasing the quality of service delivery and patientcare.

Objective: To share our experience of clinical features and management strategies for treatment of chronic breast infections. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Feb 2016 to Feb 2018. Methodology: We prospectively enrolled patients with diagnosis of chronic breast infections over a period of two years. All patients with infections (less than one month old) were excluded from the study. We studied the demographic characteristics like age, clinical presentation, histopathological features, treatment given and response to the treatment. Results: A total of 70 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients age was between 21-75 years with mean age of 42 ± 5 years. Most common clinical presentation was lump and in duration with abscess in 23 (33%) cases, mass with discharging sinuses in 16 (23%) cases, while 7 (10%) cases had recurrent abscess. Diagnosis was made on core biopsy in 21 cases and in remaining cases with incision and drainage. Histopathology confirmed diagnosis of Idiopathic Granulomatous mastitis in 30 (43%) cases, acute on chronic mastitis in 27 (38%) and chronic granulomatous mastitis in 13 (18%) cases. Out of all cases 29 (41%) showed response to antibacterial treatment while 27 (38%) cases responded to anti tuberculous treatment. Spontaneous resolution occurred in 11 (16%) cases while 3 (4%) cases responded to antifungal treatment. Conclusion: Chronic breast infections are a challenging condition to diagnose and treat for breast surgeons and can present with diverse range of clinical features.

Objective: We attempted to identify risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) by evaluating individuals in terms of their birth patterns, as well as other characteristics, including income level, smoking habits, number of children, age, and history of antidepressants. Methods and results: Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic characteristics, delivery characteristics, and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Participants with a depression medical history had a higher depression level during the postpartum. There were significant correlations between postpartum depression, the husband’s working status, the desire fo r the pregnancy, and the patient’s depression medical history. PPD levels did not differ for other birth-related variables. Conclusions: It is important to use appropriate screening tools to identify mothers with PPD in the community. It is also important to instruct mothers about how to care for both their babies and themselves. For this reason, the mother should be monitored for the first six months postpartum, and social - familial support should also be monitored.

Mestrado Bolonha em Finanças The purpose of this work is to analyze the association between individuals’ financial literacy and their attitudes towards the cryptocurrency market in Portugal. Using data collected from a survey conducted by CMVM and other financial institutions in 2018, we measure financial literacy categorized into subjective and objective fields. The present study assesses the hypotheses of investors’ demographic characteristics and financial literacy levels influencing investments in any type of cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoins, ICOs, etc. The findings indicate that cryptocurrency owners are more likely to be young, male, earn a higher monthly income, and be more risk-tolerant than non-owners. Regarding financial literacy, we do not find any direct association with these investments for this period. Further to a detailed analysis, we state that an increase simultaneously in risk tolerance and financial literacy of individuals enhances their likelihood of cryptocurrency ownership. Moreover, we perform additional analysis on a similar CMVM survey conducted to university students and alumni in 2020, a year characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic. These supplementary results indicate that the average cryptocurrency owner is most likely to be male, have an uncertain labor status, and be more risk-tolerant compared to non-owners. Only subjective financial literacy is positively related to cryptocurrency ownership in the new sample. Overall, demographic characteristics have an influence on cryptocurrency ownership and the subjective field of financial literacy is found to positively impact our dependent variable only in times of financial crisis. O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar a associação entre a literacia financeira dos indivíduos e as suas atitudes em relação ao mercado de cripto-moedas em Portugal. Utilizando dados recolhidos de um inquérito conduzido pela CMVM e outras instituições financeiras em 2018, avaliámos a literacia financeira categorizada em subjetiva e objetiva. O presente estudo analisa as hipóteses das características demográficas dos investidores e dos seus níveis de literacia financeira influenciarem investimentos em qualquer tipo de cripto-moedas, tais como bitcoins, ICOs, etc. Os resultados indicam que os investidores de cripto-moedas têm maior probabilidade de ser jovens, homens, auferirem um rendimento mensal mais elevado, e serem mais tolerantes ao risco do que os não investidores. Relativamente à literacia financeira, não encontramos qualquer associação direta com estes investimentos para aquele período. No seguimento de uma análise detalhada, confirmamos que um aumento simultâneo da tolerância ao risco, bem como da literacia financeira dos indivíduos, aumenta a probabilidade dos mesmos investirem em cripto-moedas. Adicionalmente, analisámos um inquérito semelhante da CMVM realizado a estudantes universitários e antigos alunos, em 2020, um ano caracterizado pela pandemia da COVID-19. Estes resultados suplementares indicam que o investidor médio de cripto-moeda é provavelmente masculino, tem um estatuto de trabalho incerto, e é mais tolerante ao risco em comparação com os não investidores. Somente a literacia financeira subjetiva está positivamente relacionada com a posse de cripto-moedas na nova amostra. No geral, as características demográficas influenciam a posse de cripto-moedas e o campo subjetivo da literacia financeira é considerado como tendo um impacto positivo na nossa variável dependente apenas em tempos de crise financeira. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background and Objective:COVID-19 is a serious disease with different symptoms and risk factors infecting and killing many people around the world. This study was performed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suspects referred to the hospitals and coronavirus treatment centers of Shahroud, Iran. Materials and Methods:Upon the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Shahroud, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences launched a project to systematically record the demographic, clinical, and medical data of all suspects referred to the Corona Center. In this study, the data of 3945 suspected people collected during 5 months were analyzed. The RT-PCR test was used as the criterion for diagnosing the disease. Results:Among 3945 suspected cases, 24.4% had positive RT-PCR test. The mean age of confirmed cases was 52.16 years. Dry coughand fever in addition to anorexiawere reported as the most common symptoms.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that people over 60 yearswithheart disease reduce the risk, while people over 60 years, diabetics, and obese people increase the risk of infection. Conclusion:These results necessitate further lines of research into different symptoms and risk factors to help identify COVID-19 cases earlier and start faster treatment. Keywords:COVID-19,Demographic characteristics,Clinical characteristics,RT-PCR test

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and clinicopathological correlations of bilateral breast cancer (BBC) in China. Methods Data of 440 patients diagnosed with BBC in 2018 were collected from 33 centers of the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery. Demographic characteristics, bilateral tumor characteristics, and comprehensive treatment data were obtained. Correlations between the clinicopathological characteristics of bilateral tumors were analyzed. Results The proportion of BBC was 0.22%-3.08%. A total of 33 (7.5%) patients had a family history of malignant tumors, 304 (69.1%) patients had synchronous BBC. Only 1 (0.2%) patient was male. More than half of all patients received concurrent or asynchronous endocrine/chemotherapy, 32.5% of all human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients received HER2-targeted therapy, and approximately 21.6% of all patients received radiotherapy. The most common pathological cancer type was invasive ductal cancer (>60%). Approximately 70% of all patients had bilateral hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors and presented with a single breast mass. Significant correlations were found with pathological type, histological grade, locations of tumor, molecular subtype, Ki-67 index, tumor site and size of bilateral tumors. Results of the subgroup analysis showed more clinicopathological characteristics when synchronous BBC was compared with metachronous BBC. Conclusions In China, the clinicopathological characteristics of bilateral tumors showed significant correlations, and more significant clinicopathological correlations were observed when synchronous BBC was compared with metachronous BBC.

The subway is one of urban residents’ main means of public transportation. The design of entrance pavilions to subway stations has shown a diverse development trend over time. Since most of the subway building space is underground, it is very difficult for subway users or the public to view the structure fully. In this instance, the ground-level entrance pavilion becomes the most eye-catching element in the subway system. From the perspective of the urban spatial environment, the external form of entrance pavilions is one of the components of urban architecture. The design of the external form of entrance pavilions has an important impact on the urban spatial form and affects people’s feelings about the urban space. Therefore, it is essential to study the external form of entrance pavilions. This study investigated 42 subway entrance pavilions in 17 cities in China. The following features were studied: exterior contour, façade permeability, cultural characteristics, decorative materials, and the number of exterior colors. The photostimulation method was adopted to evaluate the influence of the physical features of the external form of the entrance pavilions on respondents’ visual impact assessment. The data analysis showed that respondents with different demographic characteristics provided different visual impact assessments of the external form of the entrance pavilions, and all five physical features influenced their assessment. This study offers a valuable reference for constructing entrance pavilions and urban spaces in Chinese cities in the future.

Although low-frequency noise (LFN) is associated with various complaints, there is still much unknown about this phenomenon. This research aims to provide an extensive description of (1) LFN perceptions, (2) LFN-related complaints, and (3) the characteristics of LFN complainants. In an explorative observational cross-sectional survey study, a sample of Dutch adults reporting to experience LFN (n = 190) and a group not experiencing LFN (n = 371) completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Descriptions of LFN perceptions varied individually and were dependent on different circumstances, although some common patterns were observed. Complaints were wide-ranging and individual, with a reported high impact on daily living. Common complaints included sleeping difficulties, fatigue, or annoyance. Societal consequences were described regarding housing, work, and relationships. Attempts to stop or escape the perception were manifold but often unsuccessful. The LFN sample differed regarding sex, education level, and age from the Dutch adult population, indicating more frequent inability to work, less full-time work, and less years lived in their homes. No further differences in occupational or marital status or living circumstances were found. Although this research supports some previous findings and identifies common patterns, it also highlights the individual nature of LFN-related experiences and the heterogeneity of this group. It is advised to pay attention to the complaints of affected individuals, to inform concerned authorities, and to conduct more systematic and multidisciplinary research using standardized and validated measuring instruments.

A lot of civilization diseases are related to a low-quality diet, which is often determined by environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the quality of diet and the selected metabolic diseases, as well as demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status among Polish seniors. The study was conducted on the basis of the KomPAN questionnaire (Questionnaire for Dietary Views and Habits). The research sample was chosen arbitrarily. In addition, in order to diversify the research sample, the use of the snowball method was used. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 in a group of 437 people aged 60 or more years in two regions of Poland. Two diet quality indices with a potentially beneficial (pHDI-10) and adverse impact on health (pHDI-14) were selected based on data on the frequency of consumption of 24 food groups using the KomPAN questionnaire data development procedure. Based on the intensities (low, moderate, high) and combinations of these indices, three diet quality index profiles were developed with potentially different influences on health: lower (lowest), middle (intermediate) and upper (highest). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between diet quality indices, some metabolic diseases (obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes type 2), demographic characteristics (gender, age, place of residence), and socioeconomic status (low, moderate, high). It was shown that in the examined seniors with selected metabolic diseases, the higher quality diet was more common among women, urban inhabitants and subjects with higher socioeconomic status. In turn, among the elderly with obesity, a high-quality diet was observed more often in people aged 60–74 years and those with type II diabetes at ages 75 years or more. The relationships between diet quality, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status were demonstrated, but it was not possible to obtain unambiguous results on the relationship of these variables with the occurrence of metabolic diseases. Further extended studies should assess the importance of diet quality in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases in the elderly, taking into account the variability resulting from the environmental characteristics of the study population.

Introduction: Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is causing mortality in considerable proportion of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, however, evidence for the association of sex, age, and comorbidities on the risk of mortality is not well-aggregated yet. It was aimed to assess the association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-2019 patients. Methods: Literatures were searched using different keywords in various databases. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated by RevMan software where statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: COVID-19 male patients were associated with significantly increased risk of mortality compared to females (RR 1.86: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.07; p < 0.00001). Patients with age ≥50 years were associated with 15.4-folds significantly increased risk of mortality compared to patients with age p < 0.00001). Comorbidities were also associated with significantly increased risk of mortality; kidney disease (RR 4.90: 95% CI 3.04–7.88; p < 0.00001), cereborovascular disease (RR 4.78; 95% CI 3.39–6.76; p < 0.00001), cardiovascular disease (RR 3.05: 95% CI 2.20–4.25; p < 0.00001), respiratory disease (RR 2.74: 95% CI 2.04–3.67; p < 0.00001), diabetes (RR 1.97: 95% CI 1.48–2.64; p < 0.00001), hypertension (RR 1.95: 95% CI 1.58–2.40; p < 0.00001), and cancer (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.25–2.84; p = 0.002) but not liver disease (RR 1.64: 95% CI 0.82–3.28; p= 0.16). Conclusion: Implementation of adequate protection and interventions for COVID-19 patients in general and in particular male patients with age ≥50 years having comorbidities may significantly reduce risk of mortality associated with COVID-19.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi’nde eğitim gören öğrencilerin demografik özellikleri ve benlik saygılarının yaşam memnuniyetine olan katkısını incelemektir. Benlik saygısının öğrencilerin üniversite dönemlerinde kariyer planlamadan kaynaklı olarak yükseldiği öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle benlik saygısının öğrencilerin yaşam memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi ilgili üniversitedeki 136 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yaşam memnuniyet ölçeği, benlik saygısı ölçeği ve demografik özellikleri kapsayan tarama yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Genel olarak bakıldığında katılımcıların benlik saygısı ve yaşam memnuniyeti puan ortalamaları yüksek çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen demografik özellikler ile yaşam memnuniyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi farklılıkları benlik saygısı ve yaşam memnuniyeti üzerinde bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Benlik saygısı ile yaşam memnuniyeti arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çoklu regresyon analizine göre benlik saygısı yaşam memnuniyetinin önemli bir açıklayıcısıdır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre katılımcıların benlik saygıları yükseldikçe yaşamdan aldıkları doyum da artmaktadır. Ayrıca benlik saygısı demografik özelliklerin etkisi kontrol altına alındıktan sonra yaşam memnuniyetini anlamlı bir şekilde açıklamaktadır.

Patients who experience bipolar depression have diverse demographic and clinical characteristics that have the potential to impact treatment. The efficacy of cariprazine in bipolar I depression was evaluated in patient subgroups defined by baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Post hoc analyses of data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in bipolar I depression (NCT01396447, NCT02670538 and NCT02670551) evaluated mean change from baseline in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores for pooled cariprazine 1.5–3 mg/d versus placebo in subgroups defined by demographic and clinical characteristics. The least-squares mean difference in MADRS total score change from baseline was statistically significant for cariprazine 1.5–3 mg/d versus placebo in all patient subgroups analyzed (P

Background: Infectious diseases in the pandemic stage have significant life-threatening, psychological and social effects. Identifying the characteristics associated with peoplechr('39')s cooperation in self-care leads to greater immunity for themselves and others. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict the self-care of the Iranian people according to their individual and social characteristics in face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey study was conducted on 1056 adults aged 18 and over in different provinces of Iran through a form of answering online researcher-made questions (n=40, α=0.9) in social networks in four days. This paper studies the level of self-care of people against Covid 19 pandemic which was conducted with the support of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in April 2016. Data were analyzed using Student t-test and variance. Moreover, "decision tree technique" was used to identify communication patterns. Results: The findings showed that the average self-care score in women, the most educated, married women, women aged 41 to 55, housewives and some other occupations was very high. However, the average self-care score of single men with a diploma was average. In general, the mean score of womenchr('39')s self-care was higher than men (P

This study aims to explore the moderating effect of demographic and business characteristics on the performance of women-owned small enterprises. The theoretical and existing literature supports the moderating effect of demographic and business characteristics on business performance. The study adopted the descriptive research method. The primary data was gathered from 340 women owners of small enterprises and surveyed through a structured questionnaire. The Liner multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study reveal that demographic characteristics such as father's occupation, education, and experience were significantly associated with business performance. Hence, age and marital status were not significantly associated with the business performance of women-owned small enterprises. Business characteristics such as the age of business, location of the business, and type of business were significantly associated with business performance.

The outbreak of COVID-19 brought about global lockdown and educational managers were confronted with the unenviable choice of closing institutions until the pandemic plummeted or learning new ways of content delivery. The purpose of this article was to investigate use of social media on content delivery in higher education in Kenya: A case of School of Education, University of Nairobi. The objectives were to determine the social media platforms used in content delivery and the individual characteristics which determined their use. The case study research design included a target population of 150 Master of Education (M.Ed.) school-based students and 20 lecturers. The findings indicated that WhatsApp was the most popular platform for both lecturers and students, followed by YouTube and Facebook. Reasons for use of the said social media platforms were convenience, cost-friendliness, timesaving, and access of information to many. It was observed that there were no clear patterns on the types of social media platforms used by gender, age, year of study and teaching experience. The study concludes that while social media has been entrenched in content delivery; exploitation of the same to its full potential remains untapped. The study recommends that the University management reconsider the mobile provider for supply of SIM cards and bundles on basis of internet coverage and reliability of connectivity.

Introduction & objectives: Aging is a period of life that is affected by the deprivation of social activities, lifestyle, and life satisfaction. Social capital plays a key role in the social, economic and health dimensions of individuals. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between social capital and demographic characteristics of the elderly who referred to the houses in the neighborhoods of Tehran in 2018. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Elderly people aged 60 years and older referring to the neighborhoods of Tehran were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection tools included the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Onyx Social Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using spss-21 software and both descriptive and inferential statistics. The significance level of the test was considered p≤0. 05. Results: The mean score of the elderlychr('39')s social capital was 80/15 ± 14.89. Although the score of womenchr('39')s social capital (81.86) was higher than men. There was no significant statistical relationship between the numerical indicators of social capital and gender. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a significant percentage of the elderly have the desired social capital. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to promote the health of the elderly referring to the neighborhood houses with respect to positive aspects of "social capital" and realize of the concept of "healthy and active aging.

Organisational development requires creative and open employees, who must feel confident to use their inventiveness and share ideas. However, some entities encounter organisational silence. The lack of research into this phenomenon in Lithuanian educational institutions encouraged the authors of the article to investigate how demographic characteristics of teachers relate to types of organisational silence. The authors used two nonparametric tests for analyses, i.e. Mann–Whitney U to study gender and Kruskal–Wallis H to investigate age and marital status. The quantitative research targeted teachers of 104 Lithuanian secondary schools. The research findings contribute to filling the knowledge gap in the topic of organisational silence in Lithuania. The enclosed demographic characteristics can help rectify the current situation in educational institutions.

Objective Predicting daily trends in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case number is important to support individual decisions in taking preventative measures. This study aims to use COVID-19 case number history, demographic characteristics, and social distancing policies both independently/interdependently to predict the daily trend in the rise or fall of county-level cases. Materials and Methods We extracted 2093 features (5 from the US COVID-19 case number history, 1824 from the demographic characteristics independently/interdependently, and 264 from the social distancing policies independently/interdependently) for 3142 US counties. Using the top selected 200 features, we built 4 machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Random Forest, along with 4 Ensemble methods: Average, Product, Minimum, and Maximum, and compared their performances. Results The Ensemble Average method had the highest area-under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.692. The top ranked features were all interdependent features. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the predictive power of diverse features, especially when combined, in predicting county-level trends of COVID-19 cases and can be helpful to individuals in making their daily decisions. Our results may guide future studies to consider more features interdependently from conventionally distinct data sources in county-level predictive models. Our code is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332944.

With the fact that studying abroad has gradually become the priority choice for students to pursue higher education, the number of international students is undergoing dramatic growth. However, little is known about the entrepreneurship of this growing group. Moreover, a considerable number of researchers propose that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is one of the critical factors that influence individuals to make entrepreneurial decisions in the entrepreneurial domain. Therefore, this paper takes a group of international students as its research object to explore the impact of the four capability dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and its relationship with demographic characteristics in the Hungarian context. The four capability dimensions tested in this study include operation and management capacity (OMC), relationship coordination capacity (RCC), risk tolerance capacity (RTC), and innovative and opportunity identification capacity (IOIC). To test the hypothesis in this paper, the hierarchical regression and independent samples t-test are used. The results show that OMC, RTC, and IOIC have a significant impact on the EI of international students, but RCC has not been confirmed. Additionally, the demographic characteristics of international students are associated with their EI in the context of Hungary. This finding contributes to adopting more effective and comprehensive entrepreneurial practices for relevant institutions.

Introduction. Psychological Help-Seeking Behavior is an action taken in seeking psychological help from others to solve the problem at hand. Objectives. This study aims to determine factors related to psychological help-seeking behavior among first-year college students. Methods. This study is a descriptive-correlation study with an approach cross-sectional, the sample was taken using proportionate stratified random sampling, with a total of 144 participants based on the G-Power calculation. The instruments used are General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) and Actual Help Seeking Questionnaire (AHSQ), data analysis using univariate and bivariate (chi-square). Results. In this research, there is a relationship between age factor and gender factor with psychological help-seeking behavior with a p-value ( 0.05). Discussions. Most of the first-year students perform psychological help-seeking behavior in the future and currently, while other factors in this research did not have a significant relationship both in the future, past and present, this can happen due to unbalanced number of sample proportions.AbstrakPendahuluan. Perilaku Mencari Bantuan psikologis merupakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan dalam mencari bantuan psikologis kepada orang lain dengan tujuan untuk memecahkan masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku mencari bantuan psikologis pada mahasiswa tingkat pertama. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 144 berdasarkan perhitungan G-Power. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah General Help Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) dan Actual Help Seeking Questionnaire (AHSQ), analisa data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat (chi-square). Hasil. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat hubungan antara faktor usia dan jenis kelamin dengan perilaku mencari bantuan psikologis dengan nilai p value ( 0.05). Diskusi. Sebagian besar mahasiswa tingkat pertama melakukan perilaku mencari bantuan psikologis dimasa depan dan saat ini, sedangkan faktor-faktor lain pada penelitian ini tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan baik diwaktu masa depan, masa lalu dan masa saat ini, hal ini dapat terjadi karena berdasarkan data demografi jumlah proporsi sampel tidak seimbang.

Organizational commitment gets significant attention from both scientists and practitioners alike since the 1950s. This interest is evident in the literature in the area of management and organiza tional behaviour, in an impressive number of studies exploring the nature, antecedents, and outcomes of organizational commit ment. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the clarification of the relationship between employees’ demographic characteristics and their organizational commitment, since research studies imply mainly inconsistent results about this relationship. The empirical research was carried out in Croatia. The research sample includes 304 employees. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection, specifically about gender, age, tenure, education, and marital status. In order to assess organizational commitment, the Organizational Commitment Scale was applied. Research results showed no differences in organizational commitment regarding the employees’ gender or marital status, while the differences in employees’ organizational commitment exist regarding employ ees’ age, tenure in organization and education. Dwelling into these differences, this paper demonstrates that the level of organ izational commitment varies according to different subcategories of each demographic characteristic. In addition, this paper explains the origin and possible reasons of differences in organ izational commitment regarding the different subcategories of each demographic characteristic.

The topic of the COVID-19 vaccination is widely present, and, since many countries struggle with vaccine hesitancy, the aim of this study was to examine determinants of vaccination readiness. The study involved 1,769 participants (76.3% females, 23% males, and 0.7% other) age range from 18 to 77 years. Participants completed online questionnaires related to demographic characteristics, personality traits (neuroticism and consciousness), vaccination readiness scale, and two scenarios related to social relations in the context of attitudes towards vaccination. The results showed that demographic characteristics were significant predictors of vaccination readiness, where women, the elderly, the more educated, those with higher socioeconomic status, and those who were not ill from COVID-19 had higher vaccination readiness. Contrary to expectations, persons high in neuroticism and low in conscientiousness had higher vaccination readiness. Vaccine-acceptant individuals, when compared to vaccine-resistant and vaccine-hesitant individuals, had higher vaccination readiness. Regarding the scenario in which the close person has similar or dissimilar attitudes towards vaccination, the obtained results showed that the manipulation with similar/dissimilar attitude has led to the attribution of different characteristics to close persons. A close person with similar attitudes was assessed more positively than a close person with different attitudes. The results of this study support the fact that individual factors are important for vaccination readiness and that differences in attitudes toward vaccination can affect close social relations, which has not been investigated so far in the context of COVID-19 vaccination.