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In the 10th century, the arrabales of Córdoba underwent a process of rapid growth, triggered by the growing political authority of the capital of the western caliphate. This involved the urbanisation of erstwhile agricultural areas, with new streets and public buildings such as baths, mosques, and funduqs, as well as whole blocks of houses. Domestic blocks generally took the shape of lines of houses that were similar in plan. Among domestic models, which invariably revolved around a courtyard, the most basic type—rectangular in plan, with a central courtyard and a bay on either side—was also the most numerous. This work examines the characteristics and expansions of these buildings, in order to better understand the process that led to the crystallisation of Andalusi urban fabrics.

Although it is commonly argued today that Brazil’s eclectic gardens and dwellings were never just a copy of European models, since they involved a singular appropriation not found in Europe, it can also be shown that, conversely, the ways of living celebrated in contemporary Brazil are still informed by foreign reference. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of architecture and interior design reviews, the observation of interior design fairs, and interviews with French and Brazilian professionals from the area of domestic architecture, this article postulates that the contemporary ode to ‘Brazilianness’ obscures the persistence of criteria of excellence imported from countries that have historically imposed their symbolic domination and, in this specific case, the continuing influence of ‘French good taste’ (real or imagined) in representations of the ‘beautiful home’ in today’s Brazil. Resumo Se hoje se defende que os jardins e habitações ecléticos brasileiros nunca foram tão-somente cópia conforme de modelos europeus, visto que operaram uma apropriação específica inexistente na Europa, poder-se-ia tentar mostrar, num sentido inverso, que os modos de morar prestigiados no Brasil contemporâneo seguem orientados pelos referenciais estrangeiros. Com base no tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo da crítica de arquitetura e decoração, na observação de feiras dedicadas à casa e em entrevistas com profissionais de arquitetura doméstica franceses e brasileiros, este artigo postula que a ode contemporânea à “brasilidade” obscurece a persistência dos critérios de excelência advindos dos países que historicamente impuseram sua dominação simbólica e, no caso em pauta, do “bom gosto francês” (real ou imaginado) nas representações da “bela morada” no Brasil dos dias de hoje.

El hallazgo sobre 32 hospitales históricos rurales en Álava (España) de 10 con una cruz esculpida en sus accesos sugiere un potencial significado de hospitalidad que no se evidencia en la bibliografía. A fin de determinar esta posible asociación, se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de cruces en accesos de arquitectura doméstica de la provincia hallando 53 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Distribuidas por toda la geografía provincial, 48 son de factura profesional y 5 son incisiones elaboradas. 36 son cruces únicas por localidad, cuestionando interpretaciones mágico-religiosas dominantes en la antropología y etnografía. Treinta y siete (69’8%) se encuentran en localidades que tuvieron hospital, si bien solo en 10 casos hay correspondencia cruz-hospital documentada y en 3 probablemente. El Camino a Santiago, fundamental en el desarrollo hospitalario, queda mejor representado desde el análisis de las cruces que desde los hospitales. Aunque no hay dos cruces iguales, 50 son latinas de calvario y al menos 14 presentan sus brazos remarcados (Trinidad), pudiéndose hacer lecturas bíblicas de estas características relacionándolas con la hospitalidad. Aunque queda establecida la asociación entre cruces y hospitalidad, diversas limitaciones en la búsqueda y el análisis no permiten ser concluyentes, requiriéndose de estudios comparados en otras regiones. The finding on 32 rural historic hospitals in Álava (Spain) of 10 with a sculpted cross on their entrances suggests a potential meaning of hospitality that is not evident in the literature. In order to determine this possible association, an exhaustive search for crosses on the entrances of domestic architecture in the province was carried out, finding 53 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Distributed throughout the province, 48 are professionally made and 5 are elaborate incisions. 36 are unique crosses per locality, questioning dominant magical-religious interpretations in anthropology and ethnography. Thirty-seven (69.8%) are found in localities that had a hospital, although in only 10 cases is there a documented cross-hospital correspondence, and in 3 probably. The Road to Santiago, fundamental in the development of hospitals, is better represented from the analysis of the crosses than from the hospitals. Although no two crosses are the same, 50 are Latin Calvary crosses and at least 14 have their arms marked (Trinity), making it possible to make biblical readings of these characteristics relating them to hospitality. Although the association between crosses and hospitality is established, several limitations in the search and analysis do not allow us to be conclusive, requiring comparative studies in other regions. A descoberta em 32 hospitais históricos rurais em Álava (Espanha) de 10 com uma cruz esculpida nas suas entradas sugere um significado potencial de hospitalidade que não é evidente na literatura. A fim de determinar esta possível associação, foi realizada uma busca exaustiva de cruzes nas entradas da arquitectura doméstica na província, encontrando 53 que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Distribuídas por toda a província, 48 são feitas profissionalmente e 5 são incisões elaboradas. 36 são cruzes únicas por localidade, questionando as interpretações mágico-religiosas dominantes em antropologia e etnografia. Trinta e sete (69,8%) encontram-se em localidades que tiveram um hospital, embora em apenas 10 casos exista uma correspondência inter-hospitalar documentada, e em 3 provavelmente. O Caminho de Santiago, fundamental no desenvolvimento dos hospitais, é melhor representado a partir da análise das cruzes do que a partir dos hospitais. Embora não haja duas cruzes iguais, 50 são cruzes do Calvário Latino e pelo menos 14 têm os braços marcados (Trindade), o que permite fazer leituras bíblicas destas características relacionando-as com a hospitalidade. Embora a associação entre cruzes e hospitalidade seja estabelecida, várias limitações na pesquisa e análise não nos permitem ser conclusivos, exigindo estudos comparativos noutras regiões.

Das Wohnen reflektiert ein Abbild zwischen dem privaten Raum des Individuums und dem geteilten Raum der Gemeinschaft. Um eine innovative und zukunftsfähige Entwurfsarbeit eines Wohnortes zu formulieren, ist es notwendig, den Ursprung des Wohnens zu untersuchen und der Geschichte der häuslichen Architektur auf den Grund zu gehen. Die Frage des Einflusses des Mediums auf die häusliche Architektur fordert das Verständnis der Repräsentation des Selbst im Raum. Wenn das Selbst immer im Zusammenhang mit der Gemeinschaft und seiner Umgebung steht, so muss die Veränderung der Gesellschaft und des Selbst durch die Digitalisierung betrachtet werden. Dies wiederum bedeutet eine Veränderung des menschlichen Verhaltens und schließlich die Veränderung der Architektur des Wohnens. Aus der aktuellen Situation einer digitalen Umwelt wird eine räumliche Hypothese gestaltet, um eine neue Perspektive des Wohnraumes zu erhalten. Während das Thema der Überwachung und der Privatheit der Digitalisierung gegenüber gestellt wird, wird zugleich die Ursprungsfrage des Wohnens, was das Individuum und was die Gemeinschaft braucht, analysiert. Unter anderem wird die Frage behandelt, wie die Technologie klassische Tagesabläufe verändern kann. Dies betrifft vor allem Themen wie gesellschaftliche Werte, die Auseinandersetzung mit der Zukunft des Berufs und der Arbeit, der häuslichen Arbeit, globalen Gesetzen, alltäglichen kulturellen Routinen sowie die Veränderung des digitalen Mediums und daraus folgend der Repräsentation des Selbst. Häusliche Raumkonfigurationen können aufgrund des Verständnisses dieser Aspekte neu definiert werden und so die Anordnung von räumlichen Typologien und die Verteilung von privatem und geteiltem Raum in eine experimentelle Sphäre transportiert werden. Während die radikalen Bewegungen in den 1960er Jahren ein Verständnis der Gesellschaft durch politisches Wohnen ausgedrückt haben, treibt die Digitalisierung eine kapitalorientierte Gesellschaft an. Die Themenstellung dieser Arbeit geht demnach tiefgreifend auf die Frage „Wie wird das digitale Medium die häusliche Architektur der Zukunft zeichnen?“ ein und schlägt ein urbanes Konzept vor, das die Verwirklichung von neuen Wohntypen des Privaten in die Ruinen des Kapitalismus implementiert. Es wird ein Konzept vorgeschlagen, welches dem Individuum Raum für die Entfaltung gibt, während zugleich neue soziale Rahmenbedingungen erforscht werden können., Habitation reflects on imagery between the individual‘s private space and the community‘s shared space. To formulate an innovative and sustainable concept of the domestic environment, it is necessary to investigate the origin of housing and to get to the bottom of the history of domestic architecture. The question of the influence of the medium on domestic architecture demands an understanding of the representation of the self within space. If the self is always connected to the community and its environment, the transformation of society and the self through digitalization needs to be examined. This, in turn, means the change of life and, consequently, the behavior of human beings ultimately influences the change of the architecture of housing. From the current situation of a digital environment, a spatial hypothesis is designed to obtain a new perspective on the domestic space. While surveillance and privacy are juxtaposed with digitalization, the original question of housing, what the individual needs and what the community needs, is analyzed. Likewise, questions of how technology can change traditional daily patterns and routines will be addressed, particularly issues such as societal values, addressing the future of work and occupation, domestic labor, global laws, everyday cultural routines, the changing nature of the digital medium and consequently the representation of the self. Domestic configurations of space can be redefined based on understanding these aspects, transporting the arrangement of spatial typologies and the distribution of private and shared space into an experimental sphere. While the radical movements in the 1960s expressed an understanding of society through political housing, digitalization drives a capital-oriented society. The theme of this thesis deeply addresses the question, "How will the digital medium affect the domestic architecture of the future?“ and proposes an urban concept that implements the realization of new domestic types of the private into the ruins of capitalism. A concept that gives space to the individual to unfold, while at the same time new social frameworks can be explored.

Domestic architecture is a subject that has generally been neglected in research on the Chalcolithic of the Northern Meseta. Construction materials are abundant in the settlements of the period, but until the last decade they have not received any attention. Most of them remain unstudied in the storage rooms of the provincial museums. This is the case of the items we consider here, which come from two rescue excavations carried out in the 1990s at the sites of Los Bajos (Vecilla de Trasmonte, Zamora) and Viña de Esteban García (Salvatierra de Tormes, Salamanca). Detailed study of this material three decades later has made it possible to prove the existence of previously unknown wall decorations. The petrological, geochemical and archaeomagnetic analysis of the building material has allowed the technological characterization of this material and explained its good preservation., El espacio doméstico es un campo considerablemente desatendido por la investigación del Calcolítico de la meseta norte española. Los fragmentos del barro empleado en las construcciones, frecuentes en los asentamientos de la época, no han recibido hasta la última década ninguna atención y muchos permanecen sin estudiar en los fondos de los museos provinciales. Es el caso de las piezas aquí expuestas. Proceden de dos intervenciones de urgencia llevadas a cabo en los años 1990 en los asentamientos de Los Bajos (Vecilla de Trasmonte, Zamora) y Viña de Esteban García (Salvatierra de Tormes, Salamanca). El estudio pormenorizado de dicho material tres décadas después ha acreditado decoraciones murales desconocidas hasta ahora. Los análisis petrológicos, geoquímicos y arqueomagnéticos del barro de construcción han permitido la caracterización tecnológica de este material y explicar su buena conservación.

The Greenway House is a new residence located in the Garden City of Coral Gables, Florida, inspired by the early revival architecture of the City and traditional architecture. The residence is located in an in-fill site and designed to incorporate a specimen oak tree which is seen from the main house and the carriage house. Unlike typical houses in the neighborhood whose massing is parallel to the street with front and rear yards defined by property setbacks, the orientation of the Greenway main house and carriage house is perpendicular to the street. This orientation allows one to experience the garden, the courtyard with its pool, and the prominent oak tree as part of the architectural ensemble of subtropical components appropriate to the site’s geographic and urban setting. The Greenway House is specifically designed as requested by the clients to be at once traditional in terms of place-making, spatial sequences and the making of the rooms that are identifiable; while still considering contemporary, domestic living where spaces are visually connected and fairly open to the natural environment.

Resumen Se presenta un análisis sobre las relaciones entre la arquitectura doméstica construida durante las décadas de I950 y I960 y las características geográficas de Colombia. El artículo expone, a través de las obras, el vínculo orgánico entre el territorio -e/ topos- y los diferentes tipos arquitectónicos que surgieron acordes con este. Particularmente, se estudian los casos de las firmas Obregón-Valenzuela y Borrero-Zamorano-Giovanelli, y de los arquitectos Gutiérrez-Arango-Sanint, quienes concibieron casas en el litoral, el valle, la montañay el altiplano. La reflexión gira en torno a las variaciones y las invariantes de los tipos edificatorios; es decir, la estructura que comparten y aquello en lo cual se diferencian. Para eso, primero se presenta una descripción de la geografía en la que se asientan. Luego se caracteriza el modo como cada una de las casas establece relación con el sitio. Se configura, entonces, un aporte a la reflexión sobre la arquitectura moderna del siglo XX en Colombia, con una mirada a la dimensión topológica de la casa. Abstract An analysis is presented on the relationship between domestic architecture -built during the 1950s and 1960s- and the geographic characteristics of Colombia. The article exposes, through the works, the organic link between the territory -the topos- and the different architectural types that emerged in accordance with it. In particular, the cases of the firms Obregón-Valenzuela and Borrero-Zamorano-Giovanelli, and of the architects Gutiérrez-Arango-Sanint, who conceived houses on the coast, the valley, the mountains, and the highlands, are studied. The reflection focuses on the variations and invariants of the building types, in other words, the structure they share and that in which they differ. The above is first accomplished by providing a description of the geography in which they are located. Then, it depicts the way in which each of the houses establishes a relationship with the site. Thus, a contribution to the reflection on the 20th century modern architecture in Colombia is configured, with a look at the topological dimension of the house.

[cat] El procés de materialització -pensar i fer- en l’art contemporani presenta moltes contradiccions i incoherències si s’analitza només des del punt de vista de projecte artístic. Per introduir un altre enfocament crític, es busca la contraposició entre arquitectura i art per poder obrir les fronteres a l’hora d’analitzar un projecte artístic. Per desenvolupar aquest enfocament s’utilitzen anècdotes relacionades amb l’arquitectura i les arts d’una ciutat qualsevol com ara la ciutat de Mataró. Dos àmbits que serveixen per analitzar com es construeix i habita en l’escena artística. L’objectiu de l’estudi és alhora projecte i invent, buscant on es revelen les narratives d’allò que estem acostumats a escoltar en els llocs on habitem. Aquelles històries que ens queden properes, a l’abast de la mà, i que poden posar en qüestió allò que ja és reconegut. L’arquitectura, sigui quina sigui, sempre es pot definir com a arquitectura, però quan parlem d’art contemporani necessitem l’autoritat de l’artista o de la institució perquè aquest sigui valorat com a tal. El dilema és quan podem parlar o no d’una obra d’art. El nostre cas d’estudi rau a indagar en la proposta que va fer l’arquitecte Bernard Rudofsky sobre una arquitectura sense arquitectes i proposar una analogia en la cerca d’un art sense artistes i com una persona pot apropiar-se dels moviments de l’arquitectura de Mataró i revelar-los. Una investigació que busca com l’art pot trobar un lloc a la vida domèstica, i que per fer-ho, s’insisteix en l’actitud de com es construeix i s’habita l’arquitectura, per posar en evidència certes postures que trobem en la producció artística i la seva presentació pública., [eng] The process of realizing and thinking about contemporary art presents many contradictions and inconsistencies if it is analysed only from the point of view of artistic project. To introduce another critical approach, the contrast between architecture and art is sought in order to be able to open the borders when analysing an artistic project. To develop this approach, anecdotes related to the architecture and arts of any city such as the city of Mataró are used. Two areas that serve to analyze how you build and inhabit the art scene. The goal of the study is both project and invention, searching where the narratives of what we are used to hearing are revealed in the places where we inhabit. Those stories that are close to us, within the reach of the hand, and that can question what is already recognised. Architecture, whatever it may be, can always be defined as architecture, but when we talk about contemporary art we need the authority of the artist or the institution to be valued as such. The dilemma is when we can talk about a work of art or not. Our case of study is based on the proposal made by the architect Bernard Rudofsky about an architecture without architects and to propose an analogy in the search for an art without artists and how an artist can hijack the architecture movements of Mataró and reveal them. The research searches for how art can find a place in domestic life, and to do so, insists on the attitude of how architecture is built and inhabited, to highlight certain positions that we find in artistic production and its public presentation.

In this article we study the remains of a firstdomusexcavated in the AugustanmunicipiumofLesera(Forcall, Castellón). In the excavations, three construction phases could be distinguished that can be dated between the end of the 1stcentury BC and the Flavian period. Of these, the first and third are the best known and represent different moments in the process of cultural change of its inhabitants. The first house had an east-facing porch, it was divided into six rooms and was destroyed by fire around 30-40 AD. The third was built around 70-90 AD and presents properly Roman architectural and ornamental elements. It is a corridor house divided into four rooms: a kitchen equipped with a brick fireplace, two bedrooms and a large representation room decorated with mural painting and stucco cornices. Its abandonment towards the middle of the second century marks the beginning of a long process of urban decline. &nbsp, En este artículo estudiamos los restos de la primeradomusexcavada en el municipio augusteo deLesera(Forcall, Castellón). En las excavaciones pudieron diferenciarse tres fases constructivas que pueden fecharse entre finales del siglo I a. C. y la época flavia. De ellas, la primera y la tercera son las mejor conocidas y representan momentos diferentes del proceso de cambio cultural de sus habitantes. La primera casa tenía un porche en el lado este, estaba dividida en seis estancias y fue destruida por un incendio hacia el 30-40 d. C. La tercera se edificó hacia el 70-90 d. C. y presenta elementos arquitectónicos y ornamentales propiamente romanos. Es una casa de corredor dividida en cuatro estancias: una cocina dotada de un hogar de ladrillo, dos habitaciones y un gran salón de representación decorado con pintura mural y cornisas de estuco. Su abandono hacia mediados del siglo II señala el principio de un largo proceso de declive de la ciudad.

This contribution investigates Neolithic communities in Western Anatolia and the southern Balkans (6800-5600 BC) through the settlement context of structures associated with food preparation, including ovens, hearths, grinding installations and storage facilities. The study area plays a key role in current Neolithization debates, both because of its geographical position between Southwest Asia and Europe and because of a wealth of new field data, which complicate and challenge traditional Neolithization models. I argue that food practices attest regional trajectories of change in the definition of Neolithic ways of life, as well as interactions between regional cultures.

This paper presents our ongoing work in the Virtual Interiors project, which aims to develop 3D reconstructions as geospatial interfaces to structure and explore historical data of seventeenth-century Amsterdam. We take the reconstruction of the entrance hall of the house of the patrician Pieter de Graeff (1638–1707) as our case study and use it to illustrate the iterative process of knowledge creation, sharing, and discovery that unfolds while creating, exploring and experiencing the 3D models in a prototype research environment. During this work, an interdisciplinary dataset was collected, various metadata and paradata were created to document both the sources and the reasoning process, and rich contextual links were added. These data were used as the basis for creating a user interface for an online research environment, taking design principles and previous user studies into account. Knowledge is shared by visualizing the 3D reconstructions along with the related complexities and uncertainties, while the integration of various underlying data and Linked Data makes it possible to discover contextual knowledge by exploring associated resources. Moreover, we outline how users of the research environment can add annotations and rearrange objects in the scene, facilitating further knowledge discovery and creation.

House H10 was one of the buildings located in a Hellenistic-Roman city at the Marina el-Alamein site in Egypt, whose relics were the first to be discovered. Successive research, conducted since 1997 along with initial conservation work, has provided a comprehensive overview. The house is one of the largest and most extensive of this site. Its spatial design is a showcase for the technology typical of houses from Marina. The house is embedded in both Greco-Hellenic and Roman traditions. It is an oikos house with a courtyard with two columned porticoes situated symmetrically on either side parallel to the main axis. A third, perpendicular portico, complementing the layout of the incomplete peristyle, is imitated by the architectural decoration of the courtyard elevation, organised by semi-columns. The layout includes two main rooms located opposite each other on two sides of the peristyle. The house was rebuilt several times, which made for a complicated layout. The studies conducted have cast light on domestic religious practice and the distinctive character of the architectural and artistic interior design, including exceptional examples of figural painting. The architecture and décor of the house document the changes occurring at the intersection of Hellenistic and Roman traditions.

The present study aims to explore how socio-cultural values of post-revolutionary period influenced the spatial organization of dwellings in Iran. The Islamic revolution of Iran (1979) extremely changed many aspects of Iranians' private and public life due to its religious nature. The notions of ‘social space', ‘physical space', and ‘habitus' -practice of everyday life- proposed by Pierre Bourdieu are used as conceptual tools in this research based on a case study. The attempt is to understand how the structure of social space, which was influenced by the ideology of the new state was mirrored in the domestic architecture. Vali-asr district in Tabriz, the planning and construction of which began during Pahlavi period, but predominantly developed after the Islamic revolution was selected as the focal point of the study. The houses that constitute the sample of this study were analyzed based on their architectural drawings, photographs, and interviews made with house developers and architects. Research findings highlight that most design principles implemented in the spatial organization of the houses studied are congruent with the Islamic ideology of the state. The separation of public rooms from the private rooms in the interiors of houses, the introversion of plans, the provision of a transition space between domestic realm and the street, and a walled courtyard are examples of those design principles that are consistent with the Islamic life style emphasized by the new regime.

In 1857, George Gilbert Scott gathered a number of writings and reflections in Remarks and presented himself as a staunch defender of Gothic in the then raging battle of styles. He nevertheless started controversies in the Gothic Revival movement by criticizing a strict imitation of the past and defending the use of Gothic for all sorts of buildings other than religious. This definition of a true Gothic Renaissance owed him harsh criticisms from famous medievalists, especially on the questions of restoration and the industrial society of his time, but also reveals contradictions and tensions within the Gothic Revival. En 1857, George Gilbert Scott rassemble des écrits et réflexions dans Remarks et se présente comme un ardent défenseur du gothique dans la bataille des styles qui fait alors rage. Il introduit cependant des controverses au sein du mouvement du renouveau gothique en critiquant la stricte imitation du passé et en défendant l’utilisation du gothique pour toutes sortes de bâtiments autres que religieux. Cette définition d’une véritable renaissance gothique lui vaudra des critiques virulentes de la part de médiévalistes célèbres, notamment sur les questions de la restauration et de la société industrielle de l’époque, mais révèle aussi des contradictions et tensions inhérentes au renouveau gothique.

Введение. Показана актуальность изучения композиционных приемов в формировании жилой застройки провинциальных городов, связанная с развернувшейся программой реновации жилого фонда и реконструкции исторических центров городов. Несмотря на значительное количество работ, посвященных различным аспектам советского градостроительства и жилищной архитектуры рассматриваемого периода, локальные исследования, направленные на изучение застройки отдельных городов и сопоставление ее со столичной архитектурной практикой, востребованы как в отечественном, так и в зарубежном архитектуроведении. Материалы и методы. Для выявления особенностей формирования композиционных приемов в организации жилой застройки Ярославля 1920–1930-х годов проводится ее поэтапное сопоставление с архитектурной практикой Москвы и Ленинграда того же периода. Результаты. В эволюции жилой застройки Ярославля выделяется несколько этапов. Показано, что первый этап тяготел к московской архитектурной практике, характеризовавшейся несколько механистическим подходом к заполнению территории квартала. Второй этап, приходившийся на конец первой пятилетки, отличался упрощенным рисунком застройки и характером архитектуры. Следующий этап, связанный с задачами реконструкции центров городов, обусловил новую функцию жилищной архитектуры как ограничителя парадных городских пространств. На основании композиционного анализа принципов организации корпусов и архитектуры фасадов сделано заключение об усилении влияния ленинградской архитектурной школы. Последующие этапы связаны с формированием подходов к сохранению ценного исторического наследия в условиях задачи реконструкции центральных районов. Выводы. Показаны особенности ярославской архитектуры на каждом этапе, сделаны выводы о степени и характере влияния московской и ленинградской архитектурных школ. Это позволяет говорить о наличии уникальных подходов к композиционной организации жилых кварталов, возводившихся как на свободных участках, так и в центральных районах города с ценным историческим наследием.

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020 Este estudo teve por objectivo contribuir para a caracterização da cultura arquitectónica de Mirobriga durante a sua estapa de transformação urbanística no séc. I d.C., partindo de uma análise metrológica a dois edifícios habitacionais. Foi possível identificar um conjunto de características espaciais e metrológicas que permitiu compreender como poderá ter sido o processo de concepção dos projectos de arquitectura a partir de um modelo conceptual, bem como a sua adaptação e transposição para o terreno a construir, sendo aqui apresentada ua proposta metodológica para uma análise de engenharia reversa relativamente ao processo de design destes edifícios. Quer o modelo arquitectónico quer a metrologia identificada inscrevem ambos os edifícios numa cultutra arquitectónica romana (técnica e cognitiva) considerações que contribuem para o conhecimento da identidade cultural dos intervenientes e processos construtivos activos na cidade, configurando, assim, uma proposta de linha de pesquisa para compreensão da sua génese urbanística. This analysis aims at contributing to the characterisation of the architectonical culture of Mirobriga during its urban transformation in the 1st cent. CE, starting with the analysis of two domestic buildings. It produced a series of spatial and metrological data and allowed for a interpretation of how the architectural design of the buildings was achieved based on a conceptual model as well as its adaptation to construction site. We here present a hypothesis for a methodological approach to their analysis and reverse engineering. Both the architectural model and modulation assign the buildings to an architectural culture (tecnical and congitive) solidly based in the Roman framework, contributing to our better understanding regarding the cultural identity of the intervenients and tecchnial processes active in the town's construction and making the grounds for a line of inquiry to understand its urban development. publishersversion published

El presente trabajo pretende arrojar una mirada hacía un paisaje que hasta ahora no había sido representado, estudiar el territorio desde una arquitectura defensiva de escala doméstica como lo es la torre alquería de Mágina. Una arquitectura militar enclavada en el mundo agrícola, pues se encargaban de defender y vigilar a las alquerías, pequeños enclaves urbanos, de los ataques cristianos. Aislada en una de las vegas de Dúrcal y en un estado ruinoso debido a su progresivo abandono. Formaba parte del sistema defensivo de atalayas y castillos que protegían el valle de Lecrín. Para comprender esta arquitectura perteneciente tanto al mundo agrícola como al defensivo y posteriormente al doméstico. Era necesario observar el territorio desde su punto de vista para establecer sus relaciones con el paisaje. La investigación sobre el entorno circundante a esta arquitectura ha sido fundamentalmente gráfica, plasmando en cartografías y dibujos de elaboración propia este territorio apenas transformado., The present work aims to cast a glance at a landscape that until now had not been represented, to study the territory from a defensive architecture on a domestic scale such as the alqueria tower of Mágina. A military architecture nestled in the agricultural world, as they were in charge of defending and guarding the alqueria, small urban enclaves, from Christian attacks. Isolated in one of the valleys of Dúrcal and in a dilapidated state due to its progressive abandonment. It was part of the defensive system of watchtowers and castles that protected the Lecrín valley. To understand this architecture belonging to both the agricultural and defensive world and later to the domestic one. It was necessary to observe the territory from their point of view to establish its relationships with the landscape. Research on the environment surrounding this architecture has been primarily graphic, capturing this barely transformed territory in cartographies and drawings of our own making

Needlework has been practiced throughout history, across the nation of Sweden and the world, primarily by women within the home. In recent years a revival of the craft has been seen worldwide, the covid lockdown and an aging population being two factors contributing to this. Historically there’s been a duality to the practice of needlework. On one hand, it’s been a means of oppression, and on the other hand, it's been a weapon of resistance and a source of joy, creativity, and collectivity. It has, throughout history, proven to be a political, social and creative tool and, as argued in this thesis, a spatial tool. The practice of needlework allows for the artisan to travel between different spheres. This thesis sets out to explore the potential of moving between private and public, performing a public domesticity through, for example, knitting. Needlework is, in its nature, slow. This slowness, the repetitive movements of the hands and the touching of tactile materials emphasizes the process of making and prompts reflections and emotions. This thesis argues that methods of needlework as, for example, layering, mending, joining, ripping, and patching, clearly connect to the architectural design process. These methods emphasize notions of care and maintenance. The thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach to investigate needlework as both the topic of research and the means of spatial exploration and representation, aiming to underpin the relevance of engaging with needlework in the architectural design process, as a way of maintaining the craft and learning new things. Rooms devoted to the practice of needlework haven't appeared in a building plan for many years. The design proposal, presented in the report, aims to explore the possibility of these spaces reappearing within the public sphere. The proposal is placed within the context of Sweden with no specific site intended. Proposing a space of appearance (term coined by Hannah Arendt in her theory of Plurality) actualized through the collective making of the syjunta (sewing circle). Creating a public syrum (sewing room) where the practice of needlework and its practitioners can appear, connected to ideas of feminist architectural practice to make the everyday visible. The thesis project engages with needlework by seeing it as a collective act of taking and making space.

The “House of the Bronze Head” is a domus located in Sa Portella, one of the residential areas of the Roman City of Pollentia. Relevant issues regarding its interpretation remain undetermined, mainly because of the partial knowledge that exists of its architectural layout. As with other houses in the same residential area, defined by their symmetry, this house reveals several features regarding its spatial distribution and connectivity, specifically those of its peristyle and entrances. These issues highlight the need to search for parallels in North Africa that can clarify how this domus would have been organized and how it would have functioned. La Casa de la Cabeza de Bronce de Pollentia, situada en el área residencial de Sa Portella, al- berga una serie de hándicaps interpretativos relacionados especialmente con el conocimiento parcial que se tiene de la planta de dicha domus. La hipótesis de que se pudiera tratar de una edificación regida por la simetría, en consonancia con otras casas de dicha área residencial, dota a la Casa de la Cabeza de Bronce de unas particularidades precisas a sus espacios de circulación y distribución, concretamente el peristilo y los accesos, que al mismo tiempo apremian la necesidad de buscar paralelos, en este caso en el norte de África, que clarifiquen cómo se articularía y sería el funcionamiento de esta edificación.

[EN] To know an architectural asset, the greatest source of information is the graphic surveying. In the last decade we have experienced a technological advance that has brought technology closer to the user, allowing us to handle tools and software that were unimaginable until recently, while obtaining high-precision surveys in a short time. The research shown here includes the survey of all the fishermen's houses located in Cullera Cape, currently owned by the Town Hall. The objective of the survey is to know, analyze and study the houses with the intention of proposing our strategies that help their restoration, conservation, and enhancement., [ES] Para conocer un bien arquitectónico la mayor fuente de información es la que obtenemos a través del levantamiento gráfico. El avance tecnológico que hemos vivido en la última década ha supuesto una aproximación de la tecnología al usuario, permitiéndonos manejar herramientas y software hasta hace poco inimaginables, a la vez que obtener levantamientos de gran precisión en escaso tiempo de toma de datos. La investigación que aquí se muestra recoge el levantamiento del conjunto de las casas de pescadores situadas en el cabo de Cullera, actualmente propiedad del ayuntamiento. El objetivo del levantamiento es conocer, analizar y estudiar las casas con la intención de plantear estrategias que ayuden a su restauración, conservación y puesta en valor., La presente contribución es parte del proyecto de I+D+i PID2020-119469RB-I00, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ 10.13039/501100011033.

[ES] Este Trabajo Final de Master tiene como objeto de estudio las casas Kozichkovi, viviendas que se encuentran en el pueblo de Kotel, en los montes Balcanes de Bulgaria, y que representan un caso ejemplar de la arquitectura domestica del Despertar Nacional Búl- garo durante el siglo XIX. Una singular arquitectura ligada a la tradición ganadera y a la artesanía del telar, materializada en un uso extensivo de la madera y que evidencia un importante cambio histórico cultural desde lo cotidiano. Estas casas se encuentran a día de hoy en un estado de conservación pobre. Su potencial ruina signi caría no solo la perdida de un documento tangible sobre la vida en estos pueblos de montaña, sino la perdida de unos elementos clave de esta tipología de arquitectura vernácula, la cual tuvo un fuerte impacto en el posterior patrimonio arquitectónico búlgaro. Para entender y valorizar esta arquitectura, se estudian las casas Kozichkovi considerando su contexto geográ co e histórico, su marco tipológico, sus aspectos morfológicos compositivos propios, así como su construcción y materialización; dedicando a cada uno de estos enfoques un capítulo de esta investigación y realizando un exhaustivo levantamiento grá co de ellas. Los resultados de estos estudios previos se suman a un análisis de sus lesiones que identi can las patologías congénitas de este tipo arquitectónico, y así poder sopesar el punto de partida de un potencial proyecto de restauración y nuevo uso para su revalorización., [EN] This Master's thesis has as its case study the Kozichkovi houses, dwellings found in the town of Kotel, in the Balkan mountains of Bulgaria, which represent an exemplary case of the domestic architecture of the Bulgarian National Awakening during the 19th century. A unique architecture linked to the livestock tradition and the cra of the loom, materialized in an extensive use of wood and that shows an important cultural historical change from the everyday life. These houses are today in a poor state of conservation. Its potential ruin would mean not only the loss of a tangible document about life in these mountain villages, but also the loss of some key elements of this typology of vernacular architecture, which had a strong impact on the subsequent Bulgarian architectural heritage. To understand and value this architecture, the Kozichkovi houses are studied considering their geographical and historical context, their typological framework, their own compositional morphological aspects, as well as their construction and materialization; dedicating a chapter of this research to each of these approaches and carrying out an exhaustive graphic survey of them. The results of these rst studies are added to an analysis of its damage that identify the congenital pathologies of this architectural type, and thus be able to weigh the starting point of a potential restoration project and new use for its revaluation.

The social distancing of the Covid-19 pandemic challenged the performance of the home. A blurry tangle of states of minds was left on the dinner table when the spatial transitions between private and public activities suddenly disappeared. Myriads of formal and informal activities could be conducted from the same spot, often with the computer as tool. Today, most are back in physical facilities, but traces from the pandemic are left in the way of working. This project investigates the relationship between virtual space, physical objects, and the user in a domestic context. Rather than improving the home and its interior, the project suggests ways of working with the virtual from an architectural point of view. The space-investigating tools of the architect are used not to illustrate thought, but to constitute thought. By intersecting the findings on the virtual with the social act of the meal, the virtual is given a context and can thereby be understood from a phenomenological perspective. The meal remains central throughout the project as it enables spatial activation and creates tension between the virtual and the physical. The notions explored in the project are synthesised in The Blur Table: the border-less furniture.

La vivienda urbana puede aportar información de una enorme relevancia para la reflexión sobre el pasado romano al dar cabida al planteamiento y resolución de cuestiones de muy diversa naturaleza sobre la sociedad. El presente trabajo contempla el estudio arquitectónico y funcional de la Domus de Peristilo de la ciudad hispanorromana de Arucci (Aroche, Huelva), con el objetivo de presentar una panorámica general sobre la vivienda y la arquitectura doméstica de la ciudad, pero también sobre el marco urbano, económico, político, social y cultural en el que se inserta. Con ello, trataremos de conciliar la situación dispar que caracteriza a este tipo de estudios, tradicionalmente relegados a un segundo plano en favor del análisis de las grandes construcciones públicas, a la par que subrayaremos la necesidad de verlos incrementados en un futuro a corto y medio plazo., Urban housing can provide information of enormous relevance for reflection on the Roman past by allowing for the approach and resolution of questions of a very diverse nature about society. This paper will contemplate the architectural and functional study of the Domus de Peristilo of the hispanorroman city of Arucci (Aroche, Huelva), in order to present a general overview of housing and the domestic architecture of the city, but also of the urbanism, economic, political, social and cultural framework in which it is inserted. In doing so, we will attempt to reconcile the disparate situation that characterizes this type of studies, traditionally relegated to a secondary plane of importance in favor of the analysis of monumental public buildings, while we will stressing the need to increase them in a short and medium-term future.

[ES] Cuando se tiene una formación arquitectónica en principio es muy difícil por no decir imposible abstraerse, viendo un documento filmado, de las localizaciones, el entorno y por supuesto de la arquitectura que aparece. La serie televisiva Mad Men es un magnífico documento, por su fidelidad y calidad de imagen, para conocer y descubrir diversos tipos de construcción de los Estados Unidos de mitad del siglo XX. Se da además una interacción palpable entre los entornos y la trama argumental. Esto es lo que se analiza a través del estudio de las dos viviendas principales del protagonista de la obra y de la importancia de las dos presencias femeninas en la construcción del hábitat., [EN] Once one acquires an architectural background, it becomes extremely difficult to abstract oneself from the locations, the surroundings and of course the architecture that appears in a filmed document. The television serie Mad Men is a great document, in terms of its fidelity and image quality, for learning and discovering different types of construction in the United States in the mid-20th century. Moreover, there is a special conection between the environments and the plot. This is what is analysed through the study of the two main dwellings of the protagonist of the work and the importance of the two female presences in the construction of the habitat.

Egyptian tower houses are a type of dwelling developed in the Third Intermediate Period in Egypt. They were extensively used in the time from the Late Period (26th Dynasty) until Roman times and were still in use through Late Antiquity, Medieval times until modern times. Many of these houses used the so called casemate foundations, a foundation type that was also used for other types of buildings. This article discusses typical elements, functions and chronological development of casemate structures and tower houses as well as known sources and possible reasons for their development.

Différents chercheurs ont récemment mis en évidence le développement du rôle structurel du bois dans l’architecture des seconds palais minoens. Ce postulat repose sur les traces d’armatures en bois observées dans les murs de palais (surtout à Cnossos) et de divers édifices monumentaux, en Crète ou à Akrotiri, ainsi que sur une meilleure compréhension des « halls minoens ». En analysant les vestiges architecturaux de deux bâtiments de la ville de Malia, nous avons souhaité vérifier si ces techniques d’assemblage du bois étaient mises en œuvre de façon homogène en contexte urbain. L’enquête menée dans les bâtiments Delta bêta et Pi montre que l’armature de bois n’y fut employée que de façon ponctuelle dans les murs, alors que les supports « libres » en bois sont plus fréquents : cela ne traduit donc pas l’adoption systématique d’une ossature de bois dans l’architecture domestique à Malia, où l’on ne peut par conséquent identifier une architecture anti-sismique reposant sur ce principe. L’usage structurel du bois semble davantage représenté dans les bâtiments d’architecture savante, reflétant l’importance du bois dans le nouveau langage architectural qui aurait pu être impulsé depuis Cnossos à partir du Minoen Moyen III. Several scholars have established that the use of wood as structural element in Minoan palatial architecture increased during the Neopalatial period. The voids corresponding to timber elements, intertwined with the role of wood in the “Minoan halls” of monumental buildings are now better understood. We investigated the traces of wood in the architecture of two buildings in the Minoan town of Malia in order to assess the widespread use of a timber frame in the masonry. Our study in two different types of houses shows that the reinforcement of walls by a timber system was limited to occasional needs, while the autonomous wooden supports are more frequent even in the more modest building. It is an indication that the Maliote builders didn’t develop systematic anti-seismic construction techniques based on wood. The uses of wood seem to concern predominantly the elite buildings, reflecting the importance of this material in the new architectural vocabulary which may have been driven from Knossos from the Middle Minoan III.

Orientadores: Leandro Silva Medrano, Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Resumo: As propostas urbanas de revitalização e habitação para a região central de São Paulo, apresentadas a partir dos anos 1990, enfatizaram a discussão de por que e para quem elas seriam realizadas. Termos como "cidade global", "gentrificação" e "segregação social" são frequentes nas pesquisas contemporâneas sobre o espaço urbano paulistano. Paralelamente, a indústria do vestuário, localizada nos distritos centrais Brás e Bom Retiro, é uma economia de aglomeração que emprega vasta mão-de-obra nas etapas de produção, muitas das quais ocorrem em oficinas localizadas no espaço doméstico. Esse fator é evidenciado pelas sucessivas ondas migratórias entre etnias que possuíam a confecção como característica comum. O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar aspectos arquitetônicos das habitações que vinculam o trabalho à moradia no cenário proposto e a sua inserção no ambiente urbano. A metodologia utiliza dados quantitativos, obtidos por meio da revisão bibliográfica, e dados qualitativos referentes à análise de nove estudos de caso. Analisa-se o cenário paulistano de acordo com os estudos desenvolvidos por Peter Kellett e Graham Tipple sobre na Índia, Bolívia, África do Sul e Indonésia. A partir dos resultados obtidos, apontam-se diretrizes na escala urbana e doméstica para a melhoria da qualidade de vida para uma população que atinge grande proporção, longe dos números oficiais utilizados em ações urbanas Abstract: This paper describes a study of home-based enterprises (HBEs). Spatial quality implications of these activities to the dwelling and the neighborhood are discussed. In face of international debates about the (re)qualification of central areas, this research aims to examine the effects of culture on informal income-generating activities. Culture has been adopted as a recent strategy of urban redevelopment in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, with emphasis on the downtown area. Many HBEs operate from home and their heritage is rooted in the manufacturing sector of women's apparel in the districts of Bom Retiro and Brás of the city of São Paulo. The garment industry in this area has offered work to various cultural backgrounds, from Jews to Koreans and Latin Americans during the last century. The so-called at home factories are very common in this downtown area, contributing to the city's economy and the vitality of the place, despite its conflicts with planning regulations. Nine cases studies located in São Paulo were devised to explore the importance of HBEs to household economies and to evaluate the spatial implications in the dwellings and impacts on neighborhood quality. Results show that conflicts exist between the two major activities: home and work. From these insights, recommendations are developed to improve the quality of life of home based workers and assist the (re)qualification of the central area of São Paulo Mestrado Arquitetura e Construção Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Thesis (M.S.): Bilkent University, Department of Architecture, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2021. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-160). Among the building types that concern Bruno Taut, dwelling (Wohnung) is one of the most important. Therefore, it is inevitable to consider dwelling (Wohnung) in a distinct category from Taut's other architectural creations. On the one hand, dwelling is a design field of the architect that turns into a manifesto in which architect reflects his own stance and conviction. On the other hand, in the philosophical context, dwelling becomes the mental locus where existence of individual expands. In other words, within the cosmic environment, dwelling is not only a way of locating and inhabiting in the universe, but also a basis for evaluating life and understanding the world. With the intention of creating a theoretical framework in such a perspective, this research explains the importance of having a reference to a particular philosophical thinking, Weltanschauung, in development of the dwelling and in the elaboration of the architectural discourse of Taut. The concept of Weltanschauung has indications which particularly allows this research to understand Taut’s ideas and architectural works. The aim of this thesis is to reread and reorganize the discussion about Taut and his concept of dwelling that is illuminated under the Weltanschauung. by Nur Yıldız Kılınçer M.S.

En un ambiente inmerso en profundas transformaciones devenidas por las actitudes contrarreformistas europeas, la monarquía absoluta española implantaba al llegar los siglos XVII y XVIII los cánones del barroco en las ciudades coloniales que habían sido fundadas en el continente americano entre 1492 y 1810. Los cambios en la morfología urbana de la ciudad portuaria habanera se tradujeron en la construcción de arquitecturas civiles en los siglos XVII y XVIII, donde el espíritu de lo ¿morisco¿ se fusiona con elementos barrocos, y los rasgos propios y regionales priman sobre cualquier manifestación artística. Elevadas sobre una planta en cuadrícula, presencian continuas amenazas de la rapiña pirática europea, derivando en el levantamiento de imponentes arquitecturas pétreas fortificadas, hoy merecedoras de estar en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO., In an environment immersed in deep transformations resulting from European counter- reformist attitudes, the Spanish Absolute Monarchy implanted the baroque canons in the colonial cities founded on the American continent between 1492 and 1810. The changes in the urban morphology of Havana¿s port city resulted in the construction of civil architecture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, where the spirit of the ¿Moorish¿ merged with baroque elements, and the regional features will prevail over any artistic manifestation. Raised on a grid plan, they will witness continuous threats from European pirate raids, resulting in the erection of imposing fortified stone architectures, today worthy of being on the UNESCO World Heritage List., Área de Historia del Arte

Les fouilles archéologiques effectuées entre 1986 et 1987 sur le terrain Théologitis, au centre du village moderne de Limenas et au coeur de la ville antique de Thasos, ont permis de mettre au jour les vestiges partiels d’une habitation de l’époque romaine. De cette maison, trois pièces ont été fouillées, parmi lesquelles une grande salle rectangulaire contenant une mosaïque de sol conservée dans un état exceptionnel. Notre étude se consacre à l’analyse de ces trois pièces, pour en préciser la fonction et la chronologie, et pour placer cet ensemble architectural dans le paysage urbain de Thasos à l’époque romaine. La première partie de cette recherche est consacrée à l’histoire de Thasos et à la place occupée par les relations économiques et politiques de cette cité dans le nord de la Grèce, mais aussi ailleurs en Méditerranée. La seconde partie traite de l’évolution architecturale de la maison grecque et romaine en Grèce, dont les modifications et l’utilisation de l’espace ont souvent été influencées par des pratiques étrangères. Enfin, la troisième partie porte sur l’analyse de la maison du terrain Théologitis et la fonction des pièces fouillées, en comparant notamment les vestiges découverts avec ceux des autres maisons romaines mises au jour dans l’île., Archaeological excavations carried out on the Theologitis field between 1986 and 1987, located in the centre of the modern village of Limenas and in the heart of the ancient city of Thasos, have brought to light the partial remains of a dwelling from the Roman period. From this house, three rooms were excavated, including a large rectangular room containing a floor mosaic preserved in exceptional condition. Our study is devoted to the analysis of these three rooms, in order to clarify their function and chronology, and to place this structure in the urban landscape of Thasos during the Roman period. The first part of this research is devoted to the history of Thasos and the place occupied by the city in the economic and political relations in northern Greece, but also elsewhere in the Mediterranean. The second part deals with the architectural development of Greek and Roman houses, in Greece, which were often influenced by foreign practices. Finally, the third part deals with the analysis of the house uncovered in the Theologitis plot and the function of the excavated rooms, by comparing the remains discovered with those of other Roman houses unearthed on the island.

A etnografia de um loteamento periférico no Rio de Janeiro sugere que a construção de muros, em vez de significar um encolhimento da sociabilidade pública, afirma a presença constitutiva do outro na organização da vida privada. Em primeiro lugar, os muros (e as cercas) indicam que alguém está tomando conta do lugar, isto é, tornam público o compromisso prático da pessoa com o lugar. Em seguida, os muros (e os portões) dão liberdade e privacidade a cada família, revelando as tendências individualistas e coletivistas que atravessam as “configurações de casas”. Enfim, os muros (e as janelas) atuam dentro de uma “economia do olhar”: como bem mostra a crença no olho grande, os moradores procuram, através deles, controlar sua exposição ao olhar alheio, enquanto ficam de olho na rua. O artigo conclui defendendo uma abordagem propriamente etnográfica da distinção público-privado, voltada antes para o funcionamento dessa economia. The ethnography of an irregular subdivision in the urban periphery of Rio de Janeiro suggests that walls, rather than the shrinkage of public sociability, affirm the constitutive presence of the others inside private life. First, walls (and fences) indicate that someone is taking care of the place, that is, they make public one’s practical commitment with the place. Then walls (and gates) give freedom and privacy to each family, revealing the individualistic and collectivist tendencies that build the “house configurations.” Finally, walls (and windows) act within an “economy of eyes”: according to the belief in the evil eye, people try to control their exposure to other people’s eye, while keeping an eye on them. The article concludes by advocating an ethnographic approach to public-private distinction, which focuses on this economy.

Le bois joue un rôle primordial dans l’architecture domestique en Gaule. Cependant, ce matériau reste mal connu car il est perçu le plus souvent par les traces et les vides qu’il laisse dans les architectures de terre ou de pierre. Lors des fouilles menées en 2017 sur le site du Bourg, à Sainte-Colombe, un vaste complexe économique détruit par un incendie autour de l’année 69 apr. J.-C. a été mis au jour. L’état de conservation exceptionnel de cet ensemble a permis de prélever 81 échantillons de bois carbonisés employés dans les murs, la charpente, le réseau hydraulique, mais également dans les aménagements des boutiques du rez-de-chaussée. Cet ensemble offre la possibilité d’analyser avec précision la place du bois au sein de la colonie de Vienne. Wood plays a key role in the domestic architecture in Gaul. However this material remains poorly known as it is more often perceived by traces and vacuum in mudbrick or concrete architecture. In 2017 at the “Bourg”, in Saint-Colombe, archaeologists discovered a vast economic complex destroyed by fire nearly 69 AD. The exceptional conservation state permitted to remove 81 carbonized wood samples used for walls, frameworks, hydraulic networks, but also in the fittings of the tabernae. Those elements offer the possibility of analyzing the significance of wood in Colonia Vienna.

Este trabajo recupera las propuestas arquitectónicas y artísticas de las décadas posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial que -según las principales líneas de pensamiento de esos años- redefinen el espacio habitable a partir de los factores perceptivos y emocionales del sujeto que habita. El objetivo es demostrar cómo estas producciones vinculan sus contenidos estéticos e ideológicos con obras anteriores pero, al mismo tiempo, son coherentes con propuestas recientes ya que dan respuestas aplicables a las necesidades del mundo actual. La revisión de los textos de ciertos filósofos, así como la relectura de ensayos de arquitectos y artistas, constituyen el marco teórico que articula la secuencia de obras analizadas. Metodológicamente, los proyectos y los escritos que los sustentan se retroalimentan sucesivamente en un camino que no sólo implica la intimidad asociada al interior del espacio habitable, sino también las relaciones sociales y ambientales establecidas con el exterior y con la naturaleza. Este enfoque transversal de la habitabilidad, que entrelaza diferentes disciplinas para abordar su redefinición, es una de las novedades de la investigación. La revisión crítica de los parámetros positivistas e higienistas heredados del Movimiento Moderno que estos trabajos llevan a cabo desde la lógica de un humanismo sostenible, junto con la constatación de la vigencia actual de sus enunciados y su contribución a la mejora de la habitabilidad son algunas de las principales conclusiones de este estudio. Aquest treball recupera les propostes arquitectòniques i artístiques de les dècades posteriors a la Segona Guerra Mundial que -segons les principals línies de pensament d'aquests anys- redefineixen l'espai habitable a partir dels factors perceptius i emocionals del subjecte que habita. L'objectiu és demostrar com aquestes produccions vinculen els seus continguts estètics i ideològics amb obres anteriors però, al mateix temps, són coherents amb propostes recents perquè donen respostes aplicables a les necessitats de el món actual. La revisió dels textos de certs filòsofs, així com la relectura d'assaigs d'arquitectes i artistes, constitueixen el marc teòric que articula la seqüència d'obres analitzades. Metodològicament, els projectes i els escrits que els sustenten es retroalimenten successivament en un camí que no només implica la intimitat associada a l'interior de l'espai habitable, sinó també les relacions socials i ambientals establertes amb l'exterior i amb la natura. Aquest enfocament transversal de l'habitabilitat, que entrellaça diverses disciplines per a abordar la seva redefinició, és una de les novetats de la investigació. La revisió crítica dels paràmetres positivistes i higienistes heretats de el Moviment Modern que aquests treballs duen a terme des de la lògica d'un humanisme sostenible, juntament amb la constatació de la vigència actual dels seus enunciats i la seva contribució a la millora de l'habitabilitat són algunes de les principals conclusions d'aquest estudi. This paper retrieves the architectural and artistic proposals of the decades after World War II that – according to the main lines of thought of those years – redefine habitable space from the perceptive and emotional factors of the inhabiting subject. The objective is to demonstrate how these productions link their aesthetic and ideological contents with previous works but, at the same time, are consistent with recent proposals as they provide applicable responses to the needs of today's world. The revision of the texts of certain philosophers, as well as the re-reading of essays by architects and artists, constitute the theoretical framework that articulates the sequence of analysed works. Methodologically, the projects and the writings that support them are successively fed back into a path that not only involves the intimacy associated with the interior of the habitable space, but also the social and environmental relations established with the exterior and with nature. This transversal approach to habitability, interlacing different disciplines to address its redefinition, is one of the novelties of the research. The critical review of the positivist and hygienist parameters inherited from the Modern Movement that these works carried out from the logic of a sustainable humanism, along with the verification of the present validity of their statements and their contribution to the improvement of habitability are some of the main conclusions of this study.

Central to Mirjana Lozanovska’s latest book Migrant Housing. Architecture, Dwelling, Migration (2019) is the question whether we can consider the migrant house as a distinct category within architectural historiography. This is of course a rhetorical question, as the book in an unparalleled way points out how migrants’ sociocultural inscriptions and contributions were hitherto completely lacking in the historiography of the architecture of housing. In her book, Lozanovska focuses on postwar m...

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Housing is unmistakably a prominent topic, and the top goal, in Architecture. The House as the framework of domestic space, is the first object produced by domesticated Man, and the one within which family is developed. This dissertation arises from the desire to understand the domestic space proposed by the Modern Movement in 20th century Architecture (which came about in the wake of the social, political and economic revolution from the beginning of the last century) and gauge its timeliness vis-à-vis current family experiences.To this end, we discuss the Portuguese modernist architectural context, through the analysis of two collective housing buildings from the 1940s and 1960s in the city of Porto: the Bloco da Carvalhosa, a project by Arménio Losa e Cassiano Barbosa in 1945 and the Torre do Miradouro, a project by David Moreira da Silva e Maria José Marques da Silva in 1963. Through a reconstruction of their historical, social and architectural context, and the morphological analysis of the projects, we assess whether the original configuration of their domestic space is adaptable to contemporary family experiences.In this sense, the use of the methods and concepts developed at the Syntactic Analysis level proves useful, in that it allows the establishing of links between the configuration of the space and its users, with a view to the kind of movements and meeting moments among family members provided by the organization of the housing space.Then, following a direct contact with current residents, we analyze how families have appropriated the space proposed by the architects and how the houses are adapted to their users’ experiences. Finally, from the ability of those houses to adapt to time-based changes in family private life, and from the different appropriations by their different residents and their respective households, we draw conclusions about whether the houses in the cases studied meet the needs of the families living there. Em Arquitetura o tema da Habitação distingue-se como sua primeira manifestação, sendo por isso indiscutivelmente preeminente. A Casa, que enquadra o espaço doméstico, é o primeiro objeto produzido pelo Homem domesticado, no qual se desenvolvem as atividades familiares. Motiva esta dissertação a vontade de compreender a proposta de espaço doméstico do Movimento Moderno na Arquitetura do século XX, surgido da revolução social, política e económica no início do século passado, e de aferir a sua contemporaneidade perante as vivências familiares dos dias de hoje.Para tal, foca-se o contexto arquitetónico modernista português, mediante a análise de dois edifícios de habitação coletiva dos anos de 1940 e 1960 na cidade do Porto. O Bloco da Carvalhosa, projeto de Arménio Losa e Cassiano Barbosa em 1945 e a Torre do Miradouro, projeto de David Moreira da Silva e Maria José Marques da Silva em 1963. Através da reconstituição do seu contexto histórico, social e arquitetónico, e da análise morfológica destes projetos, pretende-se aferir se as configurações do espaço doméstico então propostas são adaptáveis às vivências familiares do tempo presente. Neste sentido, a utilização dos métodos e conceitos desenvolvidos pela Análise Sintática revela-se produtiva, por permitir estabelecer relações entre a configuração do espaço e os seus utilizadores, perspetivando os movimentos e momentos de encontro entre familiares proporcionados pela organização do espaço da habitação. Seguidamente, mediante o contacto direto com os atuais moradores, analisa-se o modo como as famílias se apropriam do espaço proposto pelos arquitetos, bem como o modo como as habitações se adequam às vivências dos seus utilizadores. Finalmente, retiramos conclusões sobre se as casas dos casos de estudo respondem às necessidades das famílias que as habitam, em relação à sua capacidade de adaptabilidade às mudanças da vida privada familiar implicadas pelo tempo, bem como às diversas apropriações dos diferentes moradores e respetivos agregados familiares.

The purpose of the article is to examine the domestic architecture of England in the period of 1485–1625, which is usually associated with the Renaissance (the reign of the Tudors, Elizabeth I and James I Stuart), to identify its artistic features. The research methodology includes a set of methods. Thus, the hermeneutic analysis is to interpret the cultural and symbolic characteristics of significant sites; the ontological approach is to identify the area of their existence, the chronological method is to follow the changes within certain historical periods, the historical-cultural analysis of the period of certain cultural traditions development, the formal stylistic method is applied to identify links with major historical European styles, the method of art criticism is applied as a tool for describing and analysing artistic and image features. The scientific novelty of the research is to identify the specifics of the domestic architecture of Renaissance England, its cultural and artistic traditions. Conclusions. Domestic architecture of England in the late 15th – early 16th century is notable for reflection of perpendicular Gothic as the roof spiriforms of the buildings; the influence of domestic traditions of Germany, in particular, for half-timbered and thatched roofs, tiles, shingle or tile; Italian Renaissance proportions and Mannerist effects of the Palladian style with symmetry and intricate decorative motifs of the interior, fireplaces and furniture; the Netherlands impact, wherefrom was the fashion for separate elements of the home improvement with arras (tapestry); Spain and Portugal influence that admire rather exotic forms of chimneys with the use of blue brick masonry.

O Palacete Mendonça, situado em Lisboa, na Rua Marquês da Fronteira, foi construído para o roceiro Henrique Mendonça, entre 1900 e 1909, segundo projeto do Arquiteto Miguel Ventura Terra. O presente artigo dá a conhecer um primeiro projeto para este mesmo edifício que, apesar de não questionar a cronologia estabelecida, obriga a rever a questão da atribuição exclusiva da autoria desta obra a Ventura Terra. O objetivo deste artigo, apresentando um projeto até agora desconhecido, é também o de reiterar o papel fundamental de Ventura Terra no desenvolvimento do projeto desta obra de referência do ecletismo do virar do século. Reafirma-se que o palacete é um exemplar particularmente relevante para o estudo da obra deste autor, pelo modo como, no seu processo, confirmou o caráter consequente e informado da sua prática, no contexto da afirmação da profissão de arquiteto em Portugal do início do século XX. The Mendonça Palace, located in Lisbon at Rua Marquês da Fronteira, was built for the colonial settler Henrique Mendonça, between 1900 and 1909, according to the design of the architect Miguel Ventura Terra. This article introduces an earlier project for this same building which, despite not questioning the established chronology, invites us to revise the exclusive attribution of the authorship of this work to Ventura Terra. The presentation of this first project seeks, more than to question the authorship of Ventura Terra, to reiterate its fundamental role as a work of reference during the Eclecticism period at the turn of the century, and in this way, to reaffirm this building as of particular relevance to the study of Ventura s work, due to the way it confirms the consistent and informed character of his practice, in the context of a burgeoning architectural profession in Portugal at the beginning of the 20th century.

Inspired by Michael Billig’s Banal Nationalism, social scientists have begun to study the impact of nationalism on everyday life. However, Billig’s concept is far from clear. Actually, banal can refer to ‘mundane’ expressions of nationalism, to their ‘unconscious’ consumption or their ‘cold’ temperature. Moreover, on many occasions Billig referred to the state instead of the nation, thus in fact analysing ‘banal statism’. For historians it is often difficult to ascertain whether people consciously perceived certain expressions of nationalism or not. However, we can analyze when certain mundane forms of nationalism were invented, while looking for clues as to how they cooled down and slowly became taken for granted. In this article, I will analyze how the nationalization of the domestic sphere manifested itself in Spain. In fact, this transnational trend has been largely ignored by architectural historians and scholars dealing with gender, food, design and animal–human relations, because they primarily focused on processes of modernization. In this way, the intensification of the nation-building process, which now also actively implies housewives, has remained largely invisible. Using evidence from a broad array of books, lectures and magazines, I will show that during the belle époque – when Spanish nationalism was quite hot – all kinds of spaces, objects and practices associated with the private sphere and the home were consciously nationalized by writers, architects and cooks. The focus will be on the nationalization of domestic architecture, food and dishes, but I will also pay attention to the nationalization of furniture, pets, gardening and cleaning. There are clear indications that over time many new national forms, objects and spaces slowly became banal stereotypes, thus further naturalizing existing national identities.

Aim of this paper is to present the domestic features of the ancient settlement located at Karabournaki in North Aegean. The site, placed on the top of a mound above the Thermaic Gulf, includes a settlement, harbor and cemeteries. It should be identified with a part of ancient Therma. Geometric and particularly Archaic times, appear to be the flourishing periods of Karabournaki, which should had gotten an “international” character due to its trading activities. The preserved structures point rather to a permanent occupation with stone built Greek in type, Archaic in date, houses. Except for the purely domestic activities, the findings indicate active workshops for metal-working and ceramics. Its chief attribute, however, is the beehive-shaped semi-subterranean constructions. As for the population of the settlement, there are certainly Greeks there at least from the Archaic period onwards, but the possibility to have a mixed population with also Thracian inhabitants cannot be rejected.

El estudio patológico a continuación atiende a la necesidad de solución de afectaciones de origen desconocido y mejora formal del inmueble residencial de la familia Mercado Hernández ubicado en la ciudad de Barranquilla, departamento del Atlántico. Aborda desde la aplicación de la patología de la construcción un enfoque cargado de historia revisando la evolución de la ciudad y destacando el inmueble como referente tangible de la arquitectura doméstica del caribe colombiano a mediados del siglo XX. Enlaza así, la historia de la ciudad con la documentación existente sobre microzonificación sísmica, la aplicabilidad de la reglamentación urbanística y sismo resistente a nivel local y nacional y las características intrínsecas de Barranquilla. Se identifican lesiones generalizadas y puntuales a lo largo del inmueble, estableciendo la premisa de que las fallas de mayor magnitud se encuentran en las adiciones espurias de la vivienda. Posteriormente se realizan exploraciones de campo a nivel de apiques, calas y control de grietas, concluyendo el diagnóstico con una propuesta de intervención integral que garantiza la conservación de elementos estructurales y formales dignos de preservación, la reubicación de los espacios adicionados que se implantan en la vivienda con total carencia de valor (y pésimas condiciones de conservación) y el reforzamiento estructural de los muros del patio. Palabras claves: estudio patológico, arquitectura doméstica, caribe colombiano, microzonificación sísmica, propuesta integral de intervención. The pathological study below addresses the need for a solution of affectations of unknown origin and formal improvement of the residential property of the Mercado Hernández family located in the city of Barranquilla, department of Atlántico. Approach the application of the pathology of the construction, with an approach loaded with history, reviewing the evolution of the city and highlighting the property as a tangible reference of the domestic architecture of the Colombian Caribbean in the mid-twentieth century. Thus, it links the history of the city with the existing documentation on seismic microzoning, the applicability of urban planning and earthquake resistance at local and national levels and the intrinsic characteristics of Barranquilla. Generalized and punctual injuries are identified throughout the property, establishing the premise that major failures are found in the spurious additions of housing. Subsequently, field explorations are carried out at the level of coves and crack control, concluding the diagnosis with a proposal of integral intervention that guarantees the conservation of structural and formal elements worthy of preservation, the relocation of the added spaces that are implanted in the housing with total lack of value (and poor conservation conditions) and structural reinforcement of the patio walls. Keywords: pathological study, domestic architecture, Colombian Caribbean, seismic microzoning, comprehensive intervention proposal. Especialista en Patología de la construccion http://www.ustadistancia.edu.co/?page_id=3956 Especialización

espanolDurante la segunda Edad del Hierro se construyen en Menorca unos edificios singulares conocidos como recintos de taula. La estructura central de estos espacios ha sido objeto de numerosas hipotesis a lo largo del siglo XX, destacando su interpretacion simbolica. Por el contrario, los espacios domesticos de la misma cronologia, con un elevado grado de estandarizacion, han sido estudiados sobre todo desde la vertiente funcional. En el presente trabajo se comparan los dos tipos de estructuras, planteando que ambas responden a una misma concepcion ideologica del espacio. A partir de esta comparativa, se propone que las taulas son representaciones monumentales del acceso a la habitacion norte de los espacios domesticos, simbolizando una entrada al espacio sagrado. El analisis estadistico de las proporciones de los elementos constitutivos de puertas y taulas, aunque no es concluyente, permite afirmar que existe una similitud arquitectonica entre ambos elementos. Finalmente, se plantea que el correlato entre casas y recintos de taula constituye un modo de legitimacion de las estructuras sociales por parte de las comunidades que construyeron estas estructuras. EnglishSingular buildings known as taula enclosures were built in Menorca in the second Iron Age. The central structure of these spaces has been the object of numerous hypotheses during the 20th century, most of them aiming at shedding light on its symbolic interpretation. On the contrary, domestic spaces, which were built in the same period and present a high level of standardisation, have been mostly studied on the aspect of their function. In this paper, the two types of structures are compared, suggesting that both respond to the same ideological conception of space. From this comparison, it is suggested that the taula is the monumental representation of the door that gives access to the northern room in domestic spaces, representing an entrance to the sacred space. The statistical analysis of the proportions of the constitutive elements of doors and taulas, despite not being conclusive, allows for stating that there is an architectural similarity between these two elements. Finally, it is suggested that the analogy between dwellings and taula enclosures constitutes a means of legitimation of the social structures by the communities who built them.

New architectures or the protection of the fortifications in TarragonaThe conservation of the fortification in Tarragona was not an easy task. In 1884 the Roman wall was declared a National Monument, and in 1966 it was declared a historical and artistic complex. These measures distant in time did not achieve a joint protection of it. This study deals with the transformation of the bastion of Cadenas in the San Antonio Promenade. It is an example of urban speculation during Franco’s developmentalism. Our contribution is the result of an analysis and comparison of various types of documentation: military, engineering command headquarters as well as municipal and state. We demonstrate that the destruction of the bastions was due to the low value given to these defensive structures, which were considered an obstacle to urban expansion and development.

Singular buildings known as taula enclosures were built in Menorca in the second Iron Age. The central structure of these spaces has been the object of numerous hypotheses during the 20th century, most of them aiming at shedding light on its symbolic interpretation. On the contrary, domestic spaces, which were built in the same period and present a high level of standardisation, have been mostly studied on the aspect of their function. In this paper, the two types of structures are compared, suggesting that both respond to the same ideological conception of space. From this comparison, it is suggested that the taula is the monumental representation of the door that gives access to the northern room in domestic spaces, representing an entrance to the sacred space. The statistical analysis of the proportions of the constitutive elements of doors and taulas, despite not being conclusive, allows for stating that there is an architectural similarity between these two elements. Finally, it is suggested that the analogy between dwellings and taula enclosures constitutes a means of legitimation of the social structures by the communities who built them. Durante la segunda Edad del Hierro se construyen en Menorca unos edificios singulares conocidos como recintos de taula. La estructura central de estos espacios ha sido objeto de numerosas hipótesis a lo largo del siglo XX, destacando su interpretación simbólica. Por el contrario, los espacios domésticos de la misma cronología, con un elevado grado de estandarización, han sido estudiados sobre todo desde la vertiente funcional. En el presente trabajo se comparan los dos tipos de estructuras, planteando que ambas responden a una misma concepción ideológica del espacio. A partir de esta comparativa, se propone que las taulas son representaciones monumentales del acceso a la habitación norte de los espacios domésticos, simbolizando una entrada al espacio sagrado. El análisis estadístico de las proporciones de los elementos constitutivos de puertas y taulas, aunque no es concluyente, permite afirmar que existe una similitud arquitectónica entre ambos elementos. Finalmente, se plantea que el correlato entre casas y recintos de taula constituye un modo de legitimación de las estructuras sociales por parte de las comunidades que construyeron estas estructuras.

Les découvertes récentes réalisées dans des sites datant des époques préromaine et romaine au Maghreb révèlent l’emploi de la terre crue dans l’architecture locale. Cette étude se propose de faire le point sur la question pour le terrain algérien à travers une enquête historiographique centrée principalement sur les rapports de fouilles et les documents d’archives. Elle aboutit à un inventaire provisoire des découvertes appartenant à l’architecture privée mais également à l’architecture militaire. Elle montre aussi que l’état d’esprit des fouilleurs au début du xxe s. vis-à-vis du matériau terre crue était assez négatif, ce qui expliquerait en partie un nombre d’attestations encore faible sur ce territoire pour l’Antiquité. Recent discoveries from pre-Roman and Roman archaeological sites in the Maghreb reveal the use of unbaked earth in local architecture. This article reviews Algerian data through a historiographical investigation, focused mainly on excavation reports and archives. A provisional list is presented of the discoveries belonging to domestic buildings and military architecture. It is observed that the attitude of excavators at the beginning of the twentieth century regarding unbaked earth construction was quite negative. This in part explains the small number of attestations of earth architecture from Algeria in antiquity. أظهرت الإكتشافات الحديثة بمواقع تعود للفترات قبل الرومانية والرومانية بشمال إفريقيا استعمال التربة في العمارة المحلية. يهدف هذا المقال إلى دراسة هذه المظهر المعماري بالمجال الجزائري من خلال بحث تاريخي يركز على تقارير الحفريات ووثائق الأرشيف. توصلنا إلى جرد مبدئي للاكتشافات التي تهم العمارة الخاصة والعسكرية. كما تثبت هذه الدراسة النظرة السلبية لأثريي القرن العشرين تجاه استعمال التربة في العمارة مما يفسر في جزء منه ندرة الإشارات لهذه التقنية بالنسبة لهذا المجال خلال الفترة القديمة.

Màster Oficial en Estudis Avançats en Història de l'Art. Facultat de Geografia i Història de la UB. Curs: 2019-2020, Tutor: Rosa M. Creixell i Cabeza, La investigació té com a objecte d'estudi la casa pairal de la nissaga Papiol, coneguda com a Can Papiol (1790 - 1801). El recorregut que es proposa en la investigació parteix de l'estudi històric local per tal de contextualitzar l'edificació de la casa Papiol i la seva ocupació durant el segle XIX. Per entendre la rellevància que té la casa familiar i la família en el sistema de l'Antic Règim, és indispensable estudiar el llinatge dels Papiol. En aquest punt, cal fer especial referència al rígid sistema que estructura la família catalana des del segle XVI: el pairalisme, i com a resultat vertebrador del sistema, la casa pairal. Els interiors històrics i el mobiliari de la planta noble de Can Papiol són el principal objecte d'estudi i en el qual s'ha centrat gran part de la tesi. L'evolució dels usos de les cambres i el mobiliari d'aquestes articulen el discurs teòric de la investigació i l'anàlisi crítica de la disposició museística actual.

Les œci corinthiens sont des pièces de réception où la colonnade intérieure joue un rôle majeur aussi bien décoratif qu'utilitaire. Les colonnes qui entourent la pièce sur trois côtés permettent au propriétaire de manifester sa puissance et sa générosité envers ses clients. D’autre part, les colonnes tiennent un rôle fonctionnel : elles sont souvent posées de manière à ménager un couloir de circulation pour les serviteurs du dominus. Bien que leur nombre soit réduit, les œci corinthiens africains témoignent de la richesse et de la vitalité que l’architecture domestique romaine d’Afrique a connues à l’époque impériale. The Corinthian œci are reception rooms in which an inner colonnade plays a major role, decorative as well as utilitarian. The columns which surround the room on three sides enable the owner to show off his power and generosity towards his clients. On the other hand the columns hold a functional role: they are often set up in such a way as to afford a corridor for the circulation of the dominus ‘s servants. Though their number is small, the African Corinthian œci testify to the wealth and vitality which the Roman domestic architecture of Africa enjoyed in Imperial times.

Se presenta una propuesta teórica-metodológica para la conceptualización de unidades de clasificación referidas a las áreas de actividad que puedan identificarse en asociación a unidades residenciales prehispánicas de los Andes Centrales1, como resultado del análisis formal y funcional de un muestreo representativo de reportes arqueológicos.La definición conceptual de la unidad residencial se complementa con la caracterización de otras categorías, permitiendo así la descripción de contextos de áreas de actividad en su interior (incluyendo la unidad doméstica); lo cual permitirá acrecentar el contenido de las inferencias entorno a las relaciones sociales de producción económica y reproducción biológica de aquellos grupos sociales que se desarrollaron en las diferentes regiones naturales de los Andes Centrales., Summary a theoretical-methodological proposal for conceptualizing classification units referred to areas of activity that can be identified in association with prehispanic residential units of the Central Andes, as a result of formal and functional analysis of a representative sample of archaeological reports presented.The conceptual definition of the residential unit is complemented by the characterization of other categories, allowing the description of contexts of activity areas inside (including the household); which allow to increase the content of environment inferences social relations of economic production and biological reproduction of those social groups that developed in the different natural regions of the Central Andes.

In the first century AD, following a period of expansion and conquest that stretched the bounds of its territory to the edges of the known world, the Roman Empire had grown to encompass the frontiers of the Roman northwest, a region which would come to be known as three separate provinces: Gaul, Germania, and the island of Britannia. These areas, at the edge of the Roman world, contained their own populations, replete with distinct cultures, architecture, and ways of life distinct from the cosmopolitan Mediterranean world of their Roman conquerors. Over the course of decades and centuries, indigenous ways of life adapted to and incorporated the advances and technological innovations brought by the Latin invaders. The phenomenon of this cultural change, long referred to by scholars as “Romanization,” is manifest in the archaeological record. Nowhere is this truer than in the architectural remains of the domestic spaces occupied by these provincial inhabitants of the Roman Empire, traditionally grouped together under the umbrella term of “Celts.” Employing a methodology grounded in network theory, the present study applies space syntax analysis to the architectural plans of over 350 domestic sites from the Roman northwest. The goal is to search for evidence of consistent patterns to the use and arrangement of space, and to follow those patterns to discern if there is detectable change over time and geographic space. From that data, the Romanization model, now over a century old, is put to the test. The layouts of these domestic structures, which appear outwardly Roman in their architecture, yet distinct from Roman houses elsewhere in the Empire, contain a missing piece of information regarding the nature of how these citizens northerly citizens of the Roman Empire adapted and negotiated their place in the larger Roman world.