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A cosymplectic groupoid is a Lie groupoid with a multiplicative cosymplectic structure. We provide several structural results for cosymplectic groupoids and we discuss the relationship between cosymplectic groupoids, Poisson groupoids of corank 1, and oversymplectic groupoids of corank 1., 27 pages; An error in section 4, spotted by the referee, was corrected. Other minor issues and typos were fixed. Final version accepted for publication in Journal of Geometry and Physics

En términos generales se asume que los programas de formación doctorales no sólo fortalecen el desarrollo científico y tecnológico, sino crea mecanismos, innova instrumentos y replantean programas para mejorar las condiciones sociales y económicas de los entornos territoriales. Para ello, las universidades juegan un rol fundamental, no sólo en la implementación de estos, sino en la adopción de una visión compleja y crítica, encaminada a generar y proponer acciones estratégicas de sustentabilidad, que garanticen la permanencia y calidad de vida de la humanidad. El objetivo de este documento es resaltar los retos para que los programas doctorales relacionados con la sustentabilidad adopten una postura crítica y compleja. Para ello, se parte de la revisión y análisis de los objetivos de algunos programas doctorales, contrastándolo con la necesidad y pertinencia contemporánea. Las evidencias refieren que en México, poco más de la mitad de los programas doctorales relacionados con la sustentabilidad presenta un enfoque lineal, enfatizando en la cuestión ambiental, como similitud semántica. Se concluye que el paradigma sustentable se torna residual, con un tratamiento marginal, que limita la visión compleja y crítica.

Background: Persistent elevation in beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) following a pregnancy is concerning for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). However, the differential diagnosis should remain broad during the evaluation process. Case: A 34-year-old G3P3 presented with elevated β-hCG four months after cesarean delivery with bilateral tubal ligation. The patient was treated with methotrexate for a presumed new ectopic pregnancy. Due to persistent β-hCG elevation, she received actinomycin-D for GTN treatment. After completing chemotherapy, her β-hCG increased. The patient underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy with unplanned left oophorectomy due to its nodular appearance at the time of surgery. Pathology confirmed a dysgerminoma of the ovary and benign uterus. Conclusion: Although dysgerminomas are uncommon, they should be considered when β-hCG levels remain elevated despite therapies for more common pathologies. Published version

We obtain a characterization of lattice cubes as the only sets that reach equality in several discrete isoperimetric-type inequalities associated with the $L_{\infty}$ norm, including well-known results by Radcliffe and Veomett. We furthermore provide a new isoperimetric inequality for the lattice point enumerator that generalizes previous results, and for which the aforementioned characterization also holds.

Introduction The diagnosis of Whiplash Associated Disorders is subject to various criteria, some of a subjective nature, which impedes a high percentage of agreement among raters of the causal nexus. It is necessary to develop an evidence-based methodology to maximize the uniformity of this diagnosis. Our objective is to assess the interrater reliability of four experts in legal medicine who establish the causal nexus of traffic accident patients. Material and method 300 traffic accident patients evaluated by 4 legal medicine experts. They conducted two ratings, one without and one with a study of the biomechanics of the accident. The degree of concordance of the ratings was studied by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the concordance index (CI). Results The results of both the intraclass correlation coefficient and the concordance index of the rating prior to the biomechanical study of the injury yield moderate-high values (ICC = .70; CI = .60). Likewise, the values observed in the rating with the study of biomechanics also indicate moderate-high agreement (ICC = .78, CI = .67). Conclusions The study of biomechanics slightly improves concordance. However, the aforementioned study does not help to reduce the proportion of doubtful cases and the levels of improvement are not acceptable. There are significant differences between the classifications, suggesting that the proposed valuation methodology is not uniform enough to reach a consensus.

Transmissible cancers are malignant cell clones that spread among individuals through transfer of living cancer cells. Several such cancers, collectively known as bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN), are known to infect and cause leukaemia in marine bivalve molluscs. This is the case of BTN clones affecting the common cockle,Cerastoderma edule, which inhabits the Atlantic coasts of Europe and north-west Africa. To investigate the origin and evolution of contagious cancers in common cockles, we collected 6,854C. edulespecimens and diagnosed 390 cases of BTN. We then generated a reference genome for the species and assessed genomic variation in the genomes of 61 BTN tumours. Analysis of tumour-specific variants confirmed the existence of two cockle BTN lineages with independent clonal origins, and gene expression patterns supported their status as haemocyte-derived marine leukaemias. Examination of mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed several mitochondrial capture events in BTN, as well as co-infection of cockles by different tumour lineages. Mutational analyses identified two lineage-specific mutational signatures, one of which resembles a signature associated with DNA alkylation. Karyotypic and copy number analyses uncovered genomes marked by pervasive instability and polyploidy. Whole-genome duplication, amplification of oncogenesCCND3andMDM2, and deletion of the DNA alkylation repair geneMGMT, are likely drivers of BTN evolution. Characterization of satellite DNA identified elements with vast expansions in the cockle germ line, yet absent from BTN tumours, suggesting ancient clonal origins. Our study illuminates the evolution of contagious cancers under the sea, and reveals long-term tolerance of extreme instability in neoplastic genomes.

The SIMS is used in the medico-legal context to assess people who have suffered a traffic accident without proven scientific evidence to support this procedure. The objective of this research is to...

El proceso de industrialización vía parques industriales que experimentó el Estado de México pasó por varias fases, similar a la experimentada a nivel nacional, que buscó tanto su descentralización de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (ZMCM), la diversificación de la estructura productiva, así como de una mayor conectividad hacia la región centro del país. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar si el proceso de descentralización de los parques industriales constituye una alternativa para el fomento del desarrollo regional en el Estado de México. Para ello se utilizó el método de análisis histórico, a través de la revisión de las diversas iniciativas de políticas públicas, para conocer la pertinencia de dichas acciones. Los hallazgos refieren que tales acciones gubernamentales se tradujeron en una mayor polarización regional, ya que se formaron regiones de reconcentración industrial (RRI), clara expresión de la heterogeneidad territorial, productiva e industrial.

If f,g,h:Rn⟶R≥0 are non-negative measurable functions such that h(x+y) is greater than or equal to the p-sum of f(x) and g(y), where −1/n≤p≤∞, p≠0, then the Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality asserts that the integral of h is not smaller than the q-sum of the integrals of f and g, for q=p/(np+1). In this paper we obtain a discrete analog for the sum over finite subsets of the integer lattice Zn: under the same assumption as before, for A,B⊂Zn}, then ∑A+Bh≥[(∑rf(A)f)q+(∑Bg)q]1/q, where rf(A) is obtained by removing points from A in a particular way, and depending on f. We also prove that the classical Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality for Riemann integrable functions can be obtained as a consequence of this new discrete version.

Desde su surgimiento hace ya unos años, la simulación de procesos y situaciones ha consistido un pilar fundamental en la toma de decisiones. Recientemente y con la ayuda de la orientación a agentes, se ha posibilitado la creación de modelos de simulación que incorporen inteligencia y que brinden de alguna forma un acercamiento aún más cercano a la realidad de los procesos de la vida real. La unión de la simulación y el paradigma de agentes ha permitido el surgimiento de la simulación basada en agentes. Por otra parte, debido al incremento de los desastres provocados por el aumento de la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales, en su mayoría producto del cambio climático, se ha creado la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para mitigar y/o reducir afectaciones y perdidas debido a estas causas. Una de estas alternativas consiste en la utilización de la simulación incorporada a los sistemas multi-agente para generar modelos simulados que se asemejen a tales condiciones naturales de aleatoriedad y que puedan generar información útil para preservar vidas humanas y recursos materiales.

Evaluar la sustentabilidad llevará a considerar la posibilidad de mostrar un aspecto contradictorio a dicho proceso; la insustentabilidad. Entonces la sustentabilidad e insustentabilidad se muestran como dos aspectos de una misma contradicción en un proceso mucho más amplio de análisis, experiencias y resultados de la humanidad por equilibrar armónicamente su relación con la naturaleza. Equilibrio o destrucción, ambas acepciones tendrán al centro de su proceso la vida en general y la supervivencia de la especie humana. La sociedad y las instituciones requieren de un sistema de señales que orienten la perspectiva de la sustentabilidad, mismas que se traduzcan en indicadores de la trayectoria del proceso. Éstos son sin duda una herramienta útil que contribuyen a objetivizar las principales tendencias ambientales, económicas, sociales y territoriales. Existe una gama de indicadores ambientales o de desarrollo sustentable de países con mayor poder económico o de agencias de desarrollo que han instrumentado su utilización.

Diseases of bivalve molluscs caused by paramyxid parasites of the genus Marteilia have been linked to mass mortalities and the collapse of commercially important shellfish populations. Until recently, no Marteilia spp. have been detected in common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) populations in the British Isles. Molecular screening of cockles from ten sites on the Welsh coast indicates that a Marteilia parasite is widespread in Welsh C. edule populations, including major fisheries. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequences from this parasite indicates that it is a closely related but different species to Marteilia cochillia, a parasite linked to mass mortality of C. edule fisheries in Spain, and that both are related to Marteilia octospora, for which we provide new rDNA sequence data. Preliminary light and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations support this conclusion, indicating that the parasite from Wales is located primarily within areas of inflammation in the gills and the connective tissue of the digestive gland, whereas M. cochillia is found mainly within the epithelium of the digestive gland. The impact of infection by the new species, here described as Marteilia cocosarum n. sp., upon Welsh fisheries is currently unknown.

Climate projections obtained from global and regional climate models usually exhibit biases: systematic deviations from observations. Adjusting these biases is typically the first step towards obtaining actionable climate information to be used in impact studies. However, this bias adjustment process is highly technical and demands a lot of resources, both infrastructures (e.g. access to high performance and cloud computing) —particularly for continental wide applications— and human (e.g. personnel specialised in climate data post-processing).Climadjust (accessible through https://climadjust.com/) is a web service developed with the support of the Copernicus Climate Change Service implementing user-friendly bias adjustment for climate projections from the C3S catalogue using customized methods and reference datasets. The service was developed by Predictia —a company with a strong focus on climate services development and climate modelling— in collaboration with the Spanish Research Council (CSIC). Climadjust provides scalable cloud resources to compute bias-adjusted climate projections from the ensembles of CMIP and CORDEX datasets or customized areas of interest. In this process, the users are able to (i) upload their own dataset of observations to adjust the climate projections, or choose among reference datasets such as ERA5-Land or WFDE-5, (ii) choose among six state-of-the-art Bias Adjustment techniques implemented using the open source Climate4R package, and (iii) validate the results through the standard framework developed in the European VALUE COST Action. The output is a validated netCDF file, ready to be used by the climate modellers working in climate studies.This climate service is targeted at the end tail of the downstream market of climate services, namely climate modellers working in sectoral climate adaptation in the agriculture, hydrology, biodiversity, insurance and forestry management fields, among others. Currently, the service counts with over 100 registered users.To promote the user uptake of the service, the project faced several barriers, such as a lack of understanding on the need of adjusting biases by the end-users, and communication barriers between the climate science community and the end-user community. The session will present the lessons learnt during the user uptake campaigns, the user needs gathered through the user engagement activities performed within it, as well as relevant use-cases of the service, developed hand in hand with the end users.

School climate is one of the main concerns in terms of research and intervention worldwide. Although it can be directed toward any student, some groups seem to be more vulnerable, as is the case of the LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex +) students, among others. Attitudes toward violence are a construct of particular importance for action plans focused on improving school coexistence. The aim of this study is to examine attitudes toward school violence against LGBTQIA+ students and their relationship with violent behaviors. For this purpose, 96 Spanish students of Spanish elementary education (PE) and compulsory secondary education (CSE) participated in this qualitative study through focus groups for its subsequent thematic analysis. The results identify four types of attitudes toward violence, such as the use of violence as a form of fun, to feel better, when it is perceived as legitimate, and as a way of relating to the LGBTQIA+ community. In addition, a greater number of negative attitudes and violent behaviors toward homosexual boys and transgender minors are observed.

Background: Workplace violence is a growing social problem among many professions, but it particularly affects the health sector. Studies have mainly focused on evaluating user violence toward health professionals, with less attention being paid to other sources of conflict, such as co-workers themselves. There are different manifestations of this violence in what has been called a context of tolerated or normalized violence among co-workers. However, its effects are far from being tolerable, as they have an impact on general health and job satisfaction and contribute to burnout among professionals. Based on this idea, and following the line of the previous literature, nursing staff are a population at high risk of exposure to workplace violence. For this reason, the present study aims to evaluate exposure to lateral violence or violence among co-workers in nursing staff in public health services and the relationship of this exposure with some of the most studied consequences. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional associative study was carried out in which scales of workplace violence (HABS-CS), burnout (MBI-GS), job satisfaction (OJS), and general health (GHQ-28) were applied to a sample of 950 nursing staff from 13 public hospitals located in the southeast of Spain. (3) Results: The results show that nursing staff have a high exposure to violence from their co-workers, which is more common in male nurses. Greater exposure is observed in professionals with between 6 and 10 years of experience in the profession, and it is not characteristic of our sample to receive greater violence when they have less experience or are younger. A positive correlation is observed with high levels of burnout and a negative correlation with general health and job satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: The results of this work contribute to increasing the scientific evidence of the consequences of a type of workplace violence frequent among nursing staff and to which less attention has been paid in relative terms to other types of prevalent violence. Organizations should be aware of the importance of this type of workplace violence, its frequency and impact, and implement appropriate prevention policies that include the promotion of a culture that does not reward violence or minimize reporting. A change of mentality in the academic environment is also recommended in order to promote a more adequate training of nursing staff in this field.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar y comparar el cumplimiento terapéutico entre los diferentes anticoagulantes orales. Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Zona Básica de Salud de Bargas. Participantes: se incluyó a pacientes que llevasen más de 6 meses en tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales, pertenecientes a seis cupos de Medicina Familiar. Se excluyó a pacientes desplazados, incapaces de tomar la medicación de forma autónoma, ingresados o fallecidos durante el estudio. Mediciones principales: las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, nivel educativo, unidad familiar, tiempo de tratamiento, tipo de anticoagulante, efectos secundarios, polimedicación, tipo de receta, educación para la salud y cumplimiento terapéutico. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: se evaluaron 110 pacientes con una edad media de 73,02 (desviación estándar [DE]: 12,06) años. Un 29,1% en tratamiento con anticoagulantes orales de acción directa (ACOD). La mediana de tiempo de tratamiento fue de 47 meses (rango intercuartílico: 16-77,25), el 84,5% eran polimedicados (7,36 ± 3,96 fármacos de media). Fueron cumplidores en total el 81,81% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 73,32-88,52%). El 93,75% fue cumplidor con ACOD (IC 95% 79,19-99,23%) frente al 76,92% con acenocumarol (IC 95% 66,00-85,71%) (p = 0,055). El cumplimiento en polimedicados fue del 86%, frente al 58,8% en no polimedicados (p = 0,02). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio ha mostrado una aparente mayor adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes tratados con ACODs con respecto a los tratados con acenocumarol. La adherencia al tratamiento es mayor en los pacientes polimedicados.

RESUMEN El síndrome del cascanueces es la compresión de la vena renal izquierda. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con cifras elevadas de presión arterial en relación con el ejercicio, a partir de lo cual se inicia el estudio y es diagnosticada de dicho síndrome. El tratamiento puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Con este artículo queremos recalcar la importancia de los y las especialistas en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de esta patología, como posible causa de hipertensión arterial, ya que es la primera asistencia sanitaria que recibe el paciente y valora si es oportuno o no su derivación para estudio.

En la amplitud discursiva de las Ciencias Sociales, se ha encontrado un gran escenario de planteamientos y replanteamientos en torno al contexto teórico-científico y social, donde la discusión, crítica y propuesta se fusionan para evidenciar el avance interpretativo de la realidad. Uno de los tópicos motivo de esta discusión es la sustentabilidad, cuya esencia constructiva ha generado convergencias y divergencias desde la ortodoxia y por supuesto de la heterodoxia, argumentando y contraargumentando la viabilidad de las proposiciones. Por tanto, es necesario reflexionar sobre la sustentabilidad, a partir de la teoría del conocimiento (epistemología) en afán de contribuir a este paradigma en términos de aportaciones teóricas de planteamientos alternos. Ésta es precisamente la tarea de la presente obra, cuyo contenido muestra en cada uno de los capítulos el análisis y la discusión realizada desde diferentes posicionamientos.

User violence toward health workers is a growing problem. Several studies report that it is increasing and there is also an increase in the number of complaints by these professionals. Within the health system, Mental Health services have been identified as a collective at special risk.This study aims to examine in greater depth the differences in perceived user violence against health professionals, as well as its consequences, comparing two large groups: psychiatrists and clinical psychologists.Using a cross-sectional design, self-reported questionnaires were applied to a sample of 138 professionals from all the public centers in the Region of Murcia (southwest of Spain) that have a Mental Health Unit.The results show that psychiatrists are significantly more exposed to user violence, both verbal and physical, revealing a relationship with job dissatisfaction, emotional exhaustion, professional effectiveness, and cynicism.The present study provides evidence on the differences in the perception of violence of users towards psychologists and psychiatrists, being those who show that they claim to be more exposed. Furthermore, this violence is associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction, somatic symptoms, anxiety, or depression, among other consequences.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the ability of a series of possible feigning indicators, extracted from relevant literature in the field, to discriminate between clinical patients with genuine symptomatology and instructed malingerers. A sample of 273 participants divided into two groups was used for this study: 153 whiplash associated disorder patients who were evaluated at a multidisciplinary medical center in the region of Murcia (Spain), between December 2017 and March 2019 and 120 healthy controls with malingering instructions, students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Murcia. In order for researchers to evaluate the indicators included in the study, a 22-step checklist (CDS) was developed, consisting of 22 criteria divided into 5 dimensions. Our results show that 18 of 22 indicators could discriminate between groups. Dimension 2 “Attitude toward the situation of illness” presented the greatest capacity for discrimination. In general terms, malingerers express a much more negative experience of the condition than the clinical patients.

On March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The spread and evolution of the pandemic is overwhelming the healthcare systems of dozens of countries and has led to a myriad of opinion papers, contingency plans, case series and emerging trials. Covering all this literature is complex. Briefly and synthetically, in line with the previous recommendations of the Working Groups, the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) has prepared this series of basic recommendations for patient care in the context of the pandemic.

In 2002 Gardner and Gronchi obtained a discrete analogue of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality. They proved that for finite subsets A , B ⊂ R n with dim ⁡ B = n , the inequality | A + B | ≥ | D | A | B + D | B | B | holds, where D | A | B , D | B | B are particular subsets of the integer lattice, called B-initial segments. The aim of this paper is to provide a method in order to compute | D | A | B + D | B | B | and so, to implement this inequality.

We show that the lattice point enumerator G n ( ⋅ ) satisfies G n ( t K + s L + ( − 1 , ⌈ t + s ⌉ ) n ) 1 / n ≥ t G n ( K ) 1 / n + s G n ( L ) 1 / n for any K , L ⊂ R n bounded sets with integer points and all t , s ≥ 0 . We also prove that a certain family of compact sets, extending that of cubes [ − m , m ] n , with m ∈ N , minimizes the functional G n ( K + t [ − 1 , 1 ] n ) , for any t ≥ 0 , among those bounded sets K ⊂ R n with given positive lattice point enumerator. Finally, we show that these new discrete inequalities imply the corresponding classical Brunn-Minkowski and isoperimetric inequalities for non-empty compact sets.

The Brunn--Minkowski inequality states that the volume of compact sets $K,L\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfies $\mathrm{vol}(K+L)^{1/n}\geq\mathrm{vol}(K)^{1/n}+\mathrm{vol}(L)^{1/n}$. In this paper we ...

Una de las tareas que se desarrolla en esta obra es comprender la forma en que el Estado de México adoptó la industria y la organizó en parques industriales con el propósito de desarrollar las empresas y la propia economía, así como de integrarla regionalmente a raíz de la descentralización y la implementación de mecanismos para generar sistemas de producción sustentables. En este tenor, este estudio resalta que algunos de los aspectos que favorecen la creación de ambientes productivos sean precisamente las condiciones de la infraestructura, el equipamiento urbano y los vínculos que mantienen las empresas.

espanolLa convivencia/violencia escolar, a menudo, es objeto de alarma social. No parece existir consenso en la prevalencia de conductas violentas en las aulas, pero si en sus diferencias segun sexo, nivel socioeconomico o la importancia de las intervenciones preventivas para su disminucion. Los modelos situan a las actitudes hacia la violencia como un indicador de riesgo para la manifestacion de dichas conductas. Los objetivos del presente estudio son explorar las propiedades psicometricas de la version ampliada del Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Violencia (CAHV-25) en alumnos de Educacion Primaria y Secundaria, proponiendo una version dividida en cuatro escalas y 28 items en total, junto a la exploracion de la significacion segun sexo y etapa academica. Se ha llevado a cabo una revision cualitativa del cuestionario CAHV-25 y se realizo un estudio psicometrico de la misma para cada una de sus dimensiones originales obteniendo los indicadores de ajuste de Analisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio en menores de Educacion Primaria y Secundaria (N = 600) de la Region de Murcia (Espana). Los resultados indican que las cuatro dimensiones tienen mejores propiedades psicometricas en su version revisada. Las actitudes hacia la violencia son mayores en varones y en Secundaria. Se concluye que la version propuesta permite maximizar la deteccion de actitudes hacia la violencia en menores escolarizados, sirviendo de base para el planteamiento de posibles programas de prevencion de violencia escolar mas especificos. EnglishSchool coexistence/violence is often the subject of social alarm. There is no consensus on the prevalence of violent behavior in the classroom, but there does seem to be about its differences according to sex, socioeconomic level, or the importance of preventive interventions for its reduction. Models consider attitudes towards violence as an indicator of risk for its expression. The objectives of this study are to explore the psychometric properties of the revised version of Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Violencia [Attitudes towards Violence Questionnaire] (CAHV-25) in primary and secondary education students, proposing a version of four scales and a total of 28 items, along with the exploration of their significance as a function of sex and academic cycle. A qualitative review of CAHV-25 and a psychometric study of the revised version in each of its original dimensions was carried out, obtaining the fit indicators of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the scale was studied as a function of sex and educational stage se in school children (N = 600) of the Region of Murcia (Spain). The four dimensions show better psychometric properties in their revised version. Attitudes towards violence are more present in males and in secondary school. As conclusions, the proposed version optimizes the detection of attitudes towards violence in schoolchildren and suggests more specific school violence prevention programs.

Geometric and functional Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for the lattice point enumerator $\mathrm{G}_n(\cdot)$ are provided. In particular, we show that $$\mathrm{G}_n((1-\lambda)K + \lambda L + (-1,1)^n)^{1/n}\geq (1-\lambda)\mathrm{G}_n(K)^{1/n}+\lambda\mathrm{G}_n(L)^{1/n}$$ for any non-empty bounded sets $K, L\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ and all $\lambda\in(0,1)$. We also show that these new discrete versions imply the classical results, and discuss some links with other related inequalities., Comment: Corrected typos. Main results unchanged

Background Health needs and access to health care is a huge challenge in developing countries, especially in some isolated indigenous communities. Amantani is an island located at 3854 m above sea level in Lake Titicaca, Peru. There is no official date on key local health needs and determinants, which precludes the prioritization and efficient implementation of health interventions. The objective of this study is to validate a health need assessment tool and ascertain the main health needs of the indigenous high-altitude population living on Amantani. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the health needs of the indigenous population of Amantani using a questionnaire based on the “Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey”. The questionnaire underwent expert and field-work validation. We selected a random sample of the island residents using two-stage cluster sampling. We estimated the prevalence of key health needs and determinants, and evaluated their distribution by age, sex and education through prevalence ratio. All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. Results We surveyed 337 individuals (223 adults and 144 children) in 151 houses. The most frequent health needs were: (i) lack of access to medical screening for a)non-communicable diseases (> 63.0%) and b)eye problems (76.5%); and (ii) poor knowledge about communicable diseases (> 54.3%), cancer (71.4%) and contraception (> 32.9%). Smoking and alcohol use was more frequent in males (PR = 4.70 IC95%:1.41–15.63 and PR = 1.69 95% CI:1.27–2.25, respectively). People with higher education had more knowledge about TB/HIV and cancer prevention (p 38% have never undergone eye or dental examination. Corporal punishment and physical bullying at school in the last month were relatively common (23 and 33%, respectively). Conclusion The main health needs in Amantani are related to poor healthcare access and lack of awareness of disease prevention. Our findings can be used to develop and implement efficient health interventions to improve the health and quality of life of indigenous populations living in the islands in Southern Peru/Northern Bolivia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12939-019-0993-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background After the family, school is the most important system of interpersonal relationships and socialization for children. Acceptance or rejection in the peer group, as well as relationships with the models of authority represented by teachers and parents, have profound consequences on children's subsequent emotional and social development, depending on whether relationships are based on respect or violence. Achieving a safe school environment is a challenge and a need for children's adequate psychosocial development. Objective The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve school coexistence in Primary Education, based on its effects on the perception of the frequency of antisocial and prosocial behaviors among peers. Participants and settings The subjects of the study were 256 Primary Education children aged between 9 and 12 years (145 in the experimental group and 111 in the control group). Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design with control group. All participants completed a protocol that included sociodemographic data, cohabitation issues, five self-administered questionnaires, and a question on sincerity in the pretest and posttest phases. The intervention with the experimental group consisted of a module of eight face-to-face sessions and a peer mediation module throughout the entire academic year. Results The results show a change in the trend of perceived violence. The groups, initially different (A higher rate of antisocial behaviors in the experimental group), were similar after the decrease in the intervention group’s antisocial behavior indicators. The initially similar indicators of prosocial behavior varied, increasing significantly in the experimental group. Conclusions These findings support the need to incorporate into primary education awareness and reflection on the concept of violence, as well as the habit of alternative reactions to violent behavior, through social dialogue procedures and peaceful conflict resolution.

El agua de consumo humano se ha convertido en uno de los recursos más complejos para asignarle un valor nominal, de ahí el objetivo de analizar algunos de los determinantes que influyen en la valoración económica y mercantilización de este recurso en el Estado de México. Este análisis está sustentado en algunos elementos de teoría económica que permiten realizar un contraste con las condiciones actuales de acceso y disfrute. Los resultados evidencian su carácter escaso y pecuniario, lo que amplía el riesgo y vulnerabilidad socioterritorial. Los determinantes propuestos amplían la visión transversal del agua en la ciencia económica y representan un hito que fortalece la discusión holística para generar propuestas concretas y viables.

Outbreaks of Marteilia cochillia have caused massive mortalities of common cockle, Cerastoderma edule, in some natural beds in Galicia (NW Spain) since 2012. The life cycle of Marteilia spp. is still unresolved and the most accepted hypothesis suggests that an additional host is involved. Researchers have assumed that sporangia are shed into the environment in the faeces, but details about this process have not been reported previously. Here, we report the massive liberation of Marteilia cochillia sporangia through the exhalant siphon into the environment, packaged as faeces. Using light microscopy observations on fresh samples, imprints and histology, we also describe a thick (ca. 5 µm) transparent envelope covering the sporangia that has not been reported previously. The massive release of encapsulated sporangia reported here ensures that millions of infective stages of M. cochillia cycle through the environment and become available for infection. The elucidation of the role played by the sporangia envelope would be of utmost importance for the understanding M. cochillia life cycle.