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Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 36 Nr. 12 (1983): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege

Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 37 Nr. 3 (1984): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege

Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 38 Nr. 10 (1985): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege

The University of Southern Indiana (USI) Undergraduate Nano Ionospheric Temperature Explorer (UNITE) CubeSat, funded by NASA’s Undergraduate Student Instrument Project – 2 (USIP-2), was deployed from the International Space Station on January 31, 2019 (Figure 1). UNITE was a 3U CubeSat without deployables that was passively stabilized magnetically and aerodynamically. The UNITE CubeSat reentered the atmosphere on October 21, 2021, its 995th day in orbit. One of the mission objectives of UNITE was to track its orbital decay with the intent of updating CubeSat drag models. The original predicted mission lifetime of 428 days was based on results from a spreadsheet available with Space Mission Engineering: The New SMAD, using standard CubeSat parameters and simply assuming “solar mean” for the solar cycle. To more accurately understand the actual orbital behavior known from the TLEs (two-line elements), a completely new algorithm was coded for orbital drag, but taking into account varying atmospheric densities consistent with the variability of the actual solar cycle experienced between January 2019 and October 2021. Using the algorithm and the updated atmospheric density model, the mission time was computed to be 976 days, only 19 days short of the actual mission time. Next, the drag coefficient was adjusted from 2.2 to 2.08, and with that change the algorithm correctly calculated the 995 days in orbit. Also of note, in the process o f the development of the algorithm, a slight error was discovered in the Bessel function table available through The New SMAD, and that was corrected, as well. The new algorithm, developed by the undergraduate student, was implemented in an Excel program and is readily available for use by other teams. With the implementation of a new algorithm that accounts for solar cycle activity and allows for drag coefficient adjustment, it is hoped that future CubeSat teams will be able to predict mission life and the orbital decay more accurately.

Additional file 1. Methods. Table S1: CT1812 pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and CSF of two AD patients after a single 560-mg oral dose.

Do widespread shared experiences lead to less variability in concept processing? Specifically, the social distancing measures put in place in response to the 2020 coronavirus outbreak have meant that many of us now share similar experiences with the world. Under sensorimotor-based models of cognition (e.g., Allport, 1984; Barsalou, 1999), our experiences with the world drive the way we represent the meanings of things (see e.g., Davis et al., 2020; Yee et al., 2013 for related evidence), and these meanings are fluid and flexible (e.g., Yee & Thompson-Schill, 2016). Thus, if people are generally experiencing the world similarly, their concept representations should similarly show increased convergence (as compared to prior to social distancing), and this convergence should be reflected in how people make decisions about what concepts mean. This convergence should drift apart when our experiences again become more divergent (i.e., one year later).

Following up on the first pre-registered experiment in this project, we have selected new items derived from the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms and updated our analysis plan. We implement this refined approach in a new set of confirmatory hypotheses.

The current proposal investigates the effects of anosmia/hyposmia (i.e., a loss or reduction in the sense of smell) on concept representations for meanings related to smell. Olfactory impairment is a common symptom of Covid-19, with some estimates suggesting 75-80% of people symptomatic with Covid-19 experience anosmia or hyposmia (Samaranayake et al., 2020). This unfortunate situation creates a unique opportunity to examine the effects of olfactory impairment on conceptual knowledge. According to sensorimotor-based theories of cognition (e.g., Allport, 1985; Barsalou, 1999), our sensory, motor, and perceptual experiences with the world are critical determinants of how we represent the meaning of concepts. This predicts that when we think of, for example, garlic, part of what constitutes understanding that concept is activation of olfactory experiences. And indeed, there is evidence that brain areas involved in olfaction are routinely activated when thinking of odor-related concepts like garlic (Goldberg et al., 2006; Gonzalez et al., 2006). We seek to investigate whether impaired olfaction impacts the representation of odor-related concepts like garlic by testing differences on semantic decisions to odor-related concepts between people who are experiencing olfactory impairment vs. those who have not experienced olfactory impairment.

Examines whether olfactory impairment alters knowledge of smell-related concepts.

Römisches Jahrbuch der Bibliotheca Hertziana, Bd. 17 (1978): Römisches Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte

Policymakers rely heavily on the tax system to distribute direct payments to lowincome families. Anti-poverty tax credits such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, the advanced Child Tax Credits, and the federal stimulus payments combined to keep millions of Americans out of poverty during the pandemic. Such credits have strong potential to continue to reduce poverty.These credits only work, of course, if eligible families receive them. To do so, they must file a tax return. But many low-income families who are at or below the federal poverty level are not legally required to file taxes. Policymakers need a better understanding of how many low-income families don’t file taxes (and therefore miss out on these valuable credits) in order to address this problem.While state and federal tax agencies know who files taxes, they have very little information on the families who do not file, especially those below the poverty level with little or no earnings. State and local human-service agencies, however, serve many families below the poverty level, placing them in a unique position to assist eligible families to receive these credits.To help the State of California understand who may be at risk of not receiving anti-poverty tax credits, the California Policy Lab (CPL) facilitated a linkage of two individual-level datasets held by state agencies: one with safety-net enrollment data and one with state tax filing data. CPL served as a trusted third party by implementing a “hashed linkage” — linking data that was de-identified through “hashing” (a one-way encryption process) by each agency.By linking this data, we were able to help California measure how many Californians receiving safety-net benefits were at risk of not receiving federal stimulus payments, the state Earned Income Tax Credit, and the advanced Child Tax Credit. We also helped the state learn that the majority of its safety-net beneficiaries were already receiving benefits through tax filing — allowing the state to focus limited resources on those who were not receiving these benefits. This linked data also equipped the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) to conduct targeted outreach to Californians who had not filed state returns (and therefore were missing out on thousands of dollars in credits) in recent years and to direct them towards intensive resources that could help them file a return and claim these credits. This linkage led to millions of dollars in tax credits delivered to Californians who otherwise may not have received them.The benefits of linking administrative data go beyond the take-up of anti-poverty tax credits. Administrative data can help answer many vexing policy questions faced by policymakers. However, much of the value in administrative data can be obtained only when data can be linked across multiple sources. By linking across systems at the individual level, administrative data, which is often topically narrow, can replicate the cross-domain scope of survey data.This toolkit is intended to help staff in state governments outside of California who are interested in using administrative data and linking it across agencies to measure the take-up of safety-net benefits. We are also releasing a technical how-to toolkit for those interested in operationalizing a hashed linkage.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278

Food insecurity is widespread among college students in the United States. CalFresh food benefits, known federally as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, can help students in California pay for food, but may not reach all eligible students. CalFresh enrollment rates among students have been difficult to estimate due to incomplete data on California students’ eligibility for and enrollment in the CalFresh program.1 To overcome these issues, the California Policy Lab (CPL) partnered with the California Community College system (CCC), the University of California Office of the President (UCOP), the California Department of Social Services (CDSS), and the California Student Aid Commission (CSAC) to build a linked database of student-level administrative data on college enrollment, financial aid, and CalFresh participation.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278.

Item-by-item trial accuracy ratings, Trial Concreteness ratings, and concreteness ratings, from Langland-Hassan et al. (2021), sorted by Trial Concreteness rating (low to high)

Biodiversity research is rapidly accelerated by low-coverage sequencing of total genomic DNA (genome skimming). This technique can simultaneously recover the plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear regions across hundreds of species. PhyloHerb is a command-line-based tool that can efficiently assemble phylogenomic data sets derived from genome skimming. The poster introduces the algorithm and performance of PhyloHerb.

Images of Semantic Memory Trials used in Langland-Hassan et al. (2021), with Trial Concreteness Ratings

Herbarium collections shape our understanding of the world’s flora and are crucial for addressing global change and biodiversity conservation. The formation of such natural history collections, however, are not free from sociopolitical issues of immediate relevance. Despite increasing efforts addressing issues of representation and colonialism in natural history collections, herbaria have received comparatively less attention. While it has been noted that the majority of plant specimens are housed in the global North, the extent of this disparity has not been rigorously quantified to date. Here, by analyzing over 85 million specimen records and surveying herbaria across the globe, we assess the colonial legacy of botanical collections and how we may move towards a more inclusive future. We demonstrate that colonial exploitation has contributed to an inverse relationship between where plant biodiversity exists in nature and where it is housed in herbaria. Such disparities persist in herbaria across physical and digital realms despite overt colonialism having ended over half a century ago, suggesting ongoing digitization and decolonization efforts have yet to alleviate colonial-era discrepancies. We emphasize the need for acknowledging the inconvenient history of herbarium collections and the implementation of a more equitable, global paradigm for their collection, curation, and use., bioRxiv

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress has passed multiple bills to provide stimulus payments to low- and middle-income Americans. The IRS used tax data to determine who should receive the three recent stimulus payments, which helped get payments to the majority of eligible people quickly and automatically. However, we estimate that at least 2.2 million eligible Californians are caught in the federal Stimulus Gap: they likely did not receive their stimulus payments automatically and are at danger of not receiving them at all. We estimate these Californians are at risk of missing out on $5.7 billion. If they have not received these payments already by filing a return or using the currently dormant IRS tool for non-filers, these Californians will need to take an extra step to claim their stimulus payments by filing a tax return. This policy brief quantifies the Stimulus Gap in California and provides recommendations on how the IRS can help eliminate the gap nationwide, including by working with state human service agencies to better distribute stimulus payments. The interactive map and tables below provide additional context about the demographics of Californians who are caught in the federal Stimulus Gap and the amount of money that could go unclaimed.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278.

Based on Yuval Noah Harari’s idea of justice, the author explores the contemporary relevance of this moral issue. Harari rightly says that we may peacefully sit at home without physically harming anyone, yet we may be complicit in many unjust acts happening elsewhere in the world. The author holds that we need to change our lifestyle and check our own desires and wants, adapt to a simple, humble and a just need-based lifestyle that would not steal the needs of others. A personal conversion is vital for a societal change., Article in AUC: Asian Journal of Religious Studies Sept-Oct 2020 65/5

Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imagingby asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses1. The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset2-5. Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed.

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, 1995: Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Supplemental material, Davis_OpenPracticesDisclosure_rev for Making It Harder to “See” Meaning: The More You See Something, the More Its Conceptual Representation Is Susceptible to Visual Interference by Charles P. Davis, Gitte H. Joergensen, Peter Boddy, Caitlin Dowling and Eiling Yee in Psychological Science

Supplemental material, Fig_S1_and_S2_captions for Making It Harder to “See” Meaning: The More You See Something, the More Its Conceptual Representation Is Susceptible to Visual Interference by Charles P. Davis, Gitte H. Joergensen, Peter Boddy, Caitlin Dowling and Eiling Yee in Psychological Science

First Published April 27, 2020 Does the perceptual system for looking at the world overlap with the conceptual system for thinking about it? We conducted two experiments (N = 403) to investigate this question. Experiment 1 showed that when people make simple semantic judgments on words, interference from a concurrent visual task scales in proportion to how much visual experience they have with the things the words refer to. Experiment 2 showed that when people make the same judgments on the very same words, interference from a concurrent manual task scales in proportion to how much manual (but critically, not visual) experience people have with those same things. These results suggest that the meanings of frequently visually experienced things are represented (in part) in the visual system used for actually seeing them, that this visually represented information is a functional part of conceptual knowledge, and that the extent of these visual representations is influenced by visual experience.

A number of studies have shown human subjects’ impressive ability to detect faces in individual images, with saccade reaction times starting as fast as 100 ms after stimulus onset. Here, we report evidence that humans can rapidly and continuously saccade towards single faces embedded in different scenes at rates approaching 6 faces/scenes each second (including blinks and eye movement times). These observations are impressive, given that humans usually make no more than 2 to 5 saccades per second when searching a single scene with eye movements. Surprisingly, attempts to hide the faces by blending them into a large background scene had little effect on targeting rates, saccade reaction times, or targeting accuracy. Upright faces were found more quickly and more accurately than inverted faces; both with and without a cluttered background scene, and over a large range of eccentricities (4°–16°). The fastest subject in our study made continuous saccades to 500 small 3° upright faces at 4° eccentricities in only 96 seconds. The maximum face targeting rate ever achieved by any subject during any sequence of 7 faces during Experiment 3 for the no scene and upright face condition was 6.5 faces targeted/second. Our data provide evidence that the human visual system includes an ultra-rapid and continuous object localization system for upright faces. Furthermore, these observations indicate that continuous paradigms such as the one we have used can push humans to make remarkably fast reaction times that impose strong constraints and challenges on models of how, where, and when visual processing occurs in the human brain.

The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), and its state counterpart, the California Earned Income Tax Credit (CalEITC), provided low-income Californians with a nearly $7 billion boost in 2018. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the approximately 2.8 million households who claimed the credits, including household size, which households are claiming both credits, the financial impacts, and a county-by-county breakdown, including the average amount of each credit claimed in each county. The California legislature and Governor Newsom approved a significant expansion to the CalEITC in 2019. The expansion is expected to double the amount of CalEITC credits claimed, and coupled with a new Young Child Tax Credit, the total value of the state credits is expected to reach $1 billion. This report provides an important roadmap for policymakers interested in understanding who this important anti-poverty program reaches in California.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.

History informs us the varying use of the term human dignity from a status of a rank, an inherent value to a dignified way of living. Human dignity has intrinsic, attributed and inflorescent variants, inheres in human individuals as well as collectively in human species, plays positive and negative roles of empowerment and constraint, functions as principle as well as a rule and is a self-respect, self-esteem and social recognition in acknowledgement of the secured, inviolable, intrinsic worth. It prohibits self-degradation and social degradation of individuals and humanity as a whole. It inheres not only in rational-moral capacities but includes all basic human needs. Humanity is dignity and every human individual is a concrete, experiential face of the existential dignity. Human dignity is neither vague nor useless, but the supreme moral-legal watchdog principle of complementarity for bioethics, biolaw and biopolitics to protect humans against misuses under the mask of freedom of research in biosciences and biotechnologies.

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 26 Nr. 3 (1982): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOC 117 kb)

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 29, Nr. 2./3. (1985): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 27, Nr. 3 (1983): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 24, Nr. 2 (1980): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Objective Arhalofenate is a novel antiinflammatory uricosuric agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate its antiflare activity in patients with gout. Methods This was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled phase IIb study. Eligible patients had had ≥3 flares of gout during the previous year, had discontinued urate-lowering therapy and colchicine, and had a serum uric acid (UA) level of 7.5–12 mg/dl. Patients were randomly assigned at a 2:2:2:2:1 ratio to receive 600 mg arhalofenate, 800 mg arhalofenate, 300 mg allopurinol, 300 mg allopurinol plus 0.6 mg colchicine, or placebo once a day. The primary outcome measure was the flare incidence (number of flares divided by time of exposure). The serum UA level was a secondary outcome measure. Results A total of 239 gout patients were randomized and took at least 1 dose of study medication. The primary outcome measure comparing flare incidence between 800 mg arhalofenate and 300 mg allopurinol was achieved, with a 46% decrease in the 800 mg arhalofenate group (0.66 versus 1.24; P = 0.0056). Treatment with 800 mg arhalofenate was also significantly better than placebo (P = 0.049) and not significantly different from treatment with 300 mg allopurinol plus 0.6 mg colchicine (P = 0.091). Mean changes in serum UA level were −12.5% with 600 mg arhalofenate and −16.5% with 800 mg arhalofenate (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0001, respectively, versus −0.9% with placebo). There were no meaningful differences in adverse events (AEs) between groups, and there were no serious AEs related to arhalofenate. Urinary calculus occurred in 1 patient receiving 300 mg allopurinol. No abnormal serum creatinine values >1.5-fold the baseline value were observed in the arhalofenate-treated groups. Conclusion Arhalofenate at a dosage of 800 mg decreased gout flares significantly compared to allopurinol at a dosage of 300 mg. Arhalofenate was well tolerated and appeared safe. Arhalofenate is the first urate-lowering antiflare therapy.

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 19, Nr. 2 (1975): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, Bd. 21, Nr. 1 (1977): Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz

Tables S2 - S4; Figures S1 - S3

Background: Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that modulates pre–messenger RNA splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene. It has been developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 trial of nusinersen in 126 children with SMA who had symptom onset after 6 months of age. The children were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to undergo intrathecal administration of nusinersen at a dose of 12 mg (nusinersen group) or a sham procedure (control group) on days 1, 29, 85, and 274. The primary end point was the least-squares mean change from baseline in the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale–Expanded (HFMSE) score at 15 months of treatment; HFMSE scores range from 0 to 66, with higher scores indicating better motor function. Secondary end points included the percentage of children with a clinically meaningful increase from baseline in the HFMSE score (≥3 points), an outcome that indicates improvement in at least two motor skills. Results: In the prespecified interim analysis, there was a least-squares mean increase from baseline to month 15 in the HFMSE score in the nusinersen group (by 4.0 points) and a least-squares mean decrease in the control group (by –1.9 points), with a significant between-group difference favoring nusinersen (least-squares mean difference in change, 5.9 points; 95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 8.1; P Conclusions: Among children with later-onset SMA, those who received nusinersen had significant and clinically meaningful improvement in motor function as compared with those in the control group. (Funded by Biogen and Ionis Pharmaceuticals; CHERISH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02292537. opens in new tab.)

While several studies have shown human subjects' impressive ability to detect faces in individual images in paced settings (Crouzet et al., 2010), we here report the details of an eye movement dataset in which subjects rapidly and continuously targeted single faces embedded in different scenes at rates approaching six face targets each second (including blinks and eye movement times). In this paper, we describe details of a large publicly available eye movement dataset of this new psychophysical paradigm (Martin et al., 2018). The paradigm produced high-resolution eye-tracking data from an experiment on continuous upright and inverted 3° sized face detection in both background and no-background conditions. The new "Zapping" paradigm allowed large amounts of trials to be completed in a short amount of time. For example, our three studies encompassed a total of 288,000 trials done in 72 separate experiments, and yet only took approximately 40 hours of recording for the three experimental cohorts. Each subject did 4000 trials split into eight blocks of 500 consecutive trials in one of the four different experimental conditions: {upright, inverted} × {scene, no scene}. For each condition, there are several covariates of interest, including: temporal eye positions sampled at 1250 hz, saccades, saccade reaction times, microsaccades, pupil dynamics, target luminances, and global contrasts.

Climate change affects not just where species are found, but also when species’ key life-history events occur—their phenology. Measuring such changes in timing is often hampered by a reliance on biased survey data: surveys identify that an event has taken place (for example, the flower is in bloom), but not when that event happened (for example, the flower bloomed yesterday). Here, we show that this problem can be circumvented using statistical estimators, which can provide accurate and unbiased estimates from sparsely sampled observations. We demonstrate that such methods can resolve an ongoing debate about the relative timings of the onset and cessation of flowering, and allow us to place modern observations reliably within the context of the vast wealth of historical data that reside in herbaria, museum collections, and written records. We also analyse large-scale citizen science data from the United States National Phenology Network and reveal not just earlier but also potentially more variable flowering in recent years. Evidence for greater variability through time is important because increases in variation are characteristic of systems approaching a state change.

Treatment in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging. The failure rate of two-stage revision and irrigation and debridement with component retention in PJI suggests that biofilm cells have a high tolerance to antibiotic chemotherapy. Previous work has demonstrated that biofilm cells have high antibiotic tolerance in vitro, but there is little clinical evidence to support these observations. The aim of this study was to determine if retrieved antibiotic spacers from two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for PJI have evidence of remaining viable bacteria. Antibiotic poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacers from two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for PJI were prospectively collected and analyzed for bacterial 16s rRNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and single genome analysis (SGA). PCR and RT-PCR identified bacterial species on 53.8% (7/13) of these samples. When initial culture negative cases are excluded, 68% (6/9) samples were identified with bacterial species. A more rigorous qRT-PCR analysis showed a strong positive signal for bacterial contamination in 30.7% (4/13) of cases. These patients did not show any clinical evidence of PJI recurrence after 15 months of follow-up. Because the half-life of bacterial rRNA is approximately a few days, the identification of bacteria rRNA on antibiotic PMMA spacers suggests that viable bacteria were present after conclusion of antibiotic therapy. This study provides evidence for the high tolerance of biofilm cells to antibiotics in vivo and the important role of bacterial persisters in PJI. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:452-458, 2018.