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1. Body integrity identity disorder crosses culture: case reports in the Japanese and Chinese literature

Author

Blom RM, Vulink NC, van der Wal SJ, Nakamae T, Tan Z, Derks EM, and Denys D

Subjects
Treatment, Cross-cultural-comparison, Apothemnophilia, Genetics, Body integrity identity disorder, Phenomenology, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, RC321-571
Abstract

Rianne M Blom,1 Nienke C Vulink,1 Sija J van der Wal,1 Takashi Nakamae,1–3 Zhonglin Tan,1,4 Eske M Derks,1 Damiaan Denys1,5 1Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 2Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 3Department of Neural Computation for Decision-Making, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan; 4Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Abstract: Body integrity identity disorder (BIID) is a condition in which people do not perceive a part of their body as their own, which results in a strong desire for amputation or paralyzation. The disorder is likely to be congenital due to its very early onset. The English literature describes only Western patients with BIID, suggesting that the disorder might be merely prevalent in the West. To scrutinize this assumption, and to extend our knowledge of the etiology of BIID, it is important to trace cases with BIID in non-Western populations. Our objective was to review Chinese and Japanese literature on BIID to learn about its presence in populations with a different genetic background. A systematic literature search was performed in databases containing Japanese and Chinese research, published in the respective languages. Five Japanese articles of BIID were identified which described two cases of BIID, whereas in the Chinese databases only BIID-related conditions were found. This article reports some preliminary evidence that BIID is also present in non-Western countries. However, making general statements about the biological background of the disorder is hampered by the extremely low number of cases found. This low number possibly resulted from the extreme secrecy associated with the disorder, perhaps even more so in Asian countries. Keywords: amputation, cross-cultural comparison, apotemnophilia, treatment, phenomenology, genetics

Published
2016

2. Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence

Author

van Scheltinga, Af, Bakker, Sc, van Haren, Ne, Derks, Em, Buizer Voskamp, Je, Cahn, W, Ripke, S, Sanders, A, Kendler, K, Levinson, D, Sklar, P, Holmans, P, Lin, D., Duan, J, Ophoff, R, Andreassen, O, Scolnick, E, Cichon, S, St Clair, D, Corvin, A, Gurling, H, Werge, T, Rujescu, D, Blackwood, D, Pato, C, Malhotra, A, Purcell, S, Dudbridge, F, Neale, B, Rossin, L, Visscher, P, Posthuma, D, Ruderfer, D, Fanous, A, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Mowry, B, Golimbet, V, Hert, De, M, Jonsson, E, Bitter, I, Pietilainen, O, Collier, D, Tosato, Sarah, Agartz, I, Albus, M, Alexander, M, Amdur, R, Amin, F, Bass, N, Bergen, S, Black, D, Børglum, A, Brown, M, Bruggeman, R, Buccola, N, Byerley, W, Cantor, R, Carr, V, Catts, S, Choudhury, K, Cloninger, C, Cormican, P, Craddock, N, Danoy, P, Datta, S, Haan, De, L, Demontis, D, Dikeos, D, Djurovic, S, Donnelly, P, Donohoe, G, Duong, L, Dwyer, S, Fink Jensen, A, Freedman, R, Freimer, N, Friedl, M, Georgieva, L, Giegling, I, Gill, M, Glenthøj, B, Godard, S, Hamshere, M, Hansen, M, Hansen, T, Hartmann, A, Henskens, F, Hougaard, D, Hultman, C, Ingason, A, Jablensky, A, Jakobsen, K, Jay, M, Jurgens, G, Kahn, R, Keller, M, Kenis, G, Kenny, E, Kim, Y, Kirov, G, Konnerth, H, Konte, B, Krabbendam, L, Krasucki, R, Lasseter, V, Laurent, C, Lawrence, J, Lencz, T, Lerer, F, Liang, K, Lichtenstein, P, Lieberman, J, Linszen, D, Lonnqvist, J, Loughland, C, Maclean, A, Maher, B, Maier, W, Mallet, J, Malloy, P, Mattheisen, M, Mattingsdal, M, Mcghee, K, Mcgrath, J, Mcintosh, A, Mclean, D, Mcquillin, A, Melle, I, Michie, P, Milanova, V, Morris, D, Mors, O, Mortensen, P, Moskvina, V, Muglia, P, Myin Germeys, I, Nertney, D, Nestadt, G, Nielsen, J, Nikolov, I, Nordentoft, M, Norton, N, Nothen, M, O'Dushlaine, C, Olincy, A, Olsen, L, O'Neill, F, Ørntoft, T, Owen, M, Pantelis, C, Papadimitriou, G, Pato, M, Peltonen, L, Petursson, H, Pickard, B, Pimm, J, Pulver, A, Puri, V, Quested, D, Quinn, E, Rasmussen, H, Rethelyi, Jm, Ribble, R, Rietschel, M, Riley, B, Ruggeri, Mirella, Schall, U, Schulze, T, Schwab, S, Scott, R, Shi, J, Sigurdsson, E, Silverman, J, Spencer, C, Stefansson, K, Strange, A, Strengman, E, Stroup, T, Suvisaari, J, Terenius, L, Thirumalai, S, Thygesen, J, Timm, S, Toncheva, D, van den Oord, E, van Os, J, van Winkel, R, Veldink, J, Walsh, D, Wang, A, Wiersma, D, Wildenauer, D, Williams, H, Williams, N, Wormley, B, Zammit, S, Sullivan, P, O'Donovan, M, Daly, M, Gejman, P), Ophoff, Ra, Kahn, Rs, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
Oncology, Adult, Male, Psychosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Multifactorial Inheritance, DNA Copy Number Variations, Endophenotypes, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Intelligence, SNP, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, polygenic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Cognition, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, deletion, Cognitive decline, Applied Psychology, Genetic association, Genetics, Wechsler Scales, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, medicine.disease, endophenotype, Psychiatry and Mental health, duplication, IQ, Endophenotype, Schizophrenia, Female, Psychology, cognition, schizophrenia, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with lower pre-morbid intelligence (IQ) in addition to (pre-morbid) cognitive decline. Both schizophrenia and IQ are highly heritable traits. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, including copy number variants (CNVs) and a polygenic schizophrenia (risk) score (PSS), may influence intelligence.MethodIQ was estimated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). CNVs were determined from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the QuantiSNP and PennCNV algorithms. For the PSS, odds ratios for genome-wide SNP data were calculated in a sample collected by the Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (8690 schizophrenia patients and 11 831 controls). These were used to calculate individual PSSs in our independent sample of 350 schizophrenia patients and 322 healthy controls.ResultsAlthough significantly more genes were disrupted by deletions in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (p = 0.009), there was no effect of CNV measures on IQ. The PSS was associated with disease status (R2 = 0.055, p = 2.1 × 10−7) and with IQ in the entire sample (R2 = 0.018, p = 0.0008) but the effect on IQ disappeared after correction for disease status.ConclusionsOur data suggest that rare and common schizophrenia-associated variants do not explain the variation in IQ in healthy subjects or in schizophrenia patients. Thus, reductions in IQ in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to other processes related to schizophrenia risk.

Published
2013

3. Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis use based on a large meta-analytic sample of 32 330 subjects from the International Cannabis Consortium

Author

Stringer, S, Minică, CC, Verweij, KJH, Mbarek, H, Bernard, M, Derringer, J, van Eijk, KR, Isen, JD, Loukola, A, Maciejewski, DF, Mihailov, E, van der Most, PJ, Sánchez-Mora, C, Roos, L, Sherva, R, Walters, R, Ware, JJ, Abdellaoui, A, Bigdeli, TB, Branje, SJT, Brown, SA, Bruinenberg, M, Casas, M, Esko, T, Garcia-Martinez, I, Gordon, SD, Harris, JM, Hartman, CA, Henders, AK, Heath, AC, Hickie, IB, Hickman, M, Hopfer, CJ, Hottenga, JJ, Huizink, AC, Irons, DE, Kahn, RS, Korhonen, T, Kranzler, HR, Krauter, K, van Lier, PAC, Lubke, GH, Madden, PAF, Mägi, R, McGue, MK, Medland, SE, Meeus, WHJ, Miller, MB, Montgomery, GW, Nivard, MG, Nolte, IM, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pausova, Z, Qaiser, B, Quaye, L, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Richarte, V, Rose, RJ, Shin, J, Stallings, MC, Stiby, AI, Wall, TL, Wright, MJ, Koot, HM, Paus, T, Hewitt, JK, Ribasés, M, Kaprio, J, Boks, MP, Snieder, H, Spector, T, Munafò, MR, Metspalu, A, Gelernter, J, Boomsma, DI, Iacono, WG, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Derks, EM, and Vink, JM

Subjects
Adult, Male, Marijuana Abuse, Pediatric Research Initiative, Potassium Channels, Adolescent, Clinical Sciences, Marijuana Smoking, and over, Drug Abuse, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Tobacco, 80 and over, Genetics, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Psychology, Antigens, Aged, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Human Genome, Substance Abuse, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, CD56 Antigen, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Sodium-Activated, CD56, Carrier Proteins, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Genome-Wide Association Study, Biotechnology
Abstract

Cannabis is the most widely produced and consumed illicit psychoactive substance worldwide. Occasional cannabis use can progress to frequent use, abuse and dependence with all known adverse physical, psychological and social consequences. Individual differences in cannabis initiation are heritable (40-48%). The International Cannabis Consortium was established with the aim to identify genetic risk variants of cannabis use. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of 13 cohorts (N=32 330) and four replication samples (N=5627). In addition, we performed a gene-based test of association, estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and explored the genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and cigarette use using LD score regression. No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Nonetheless, gene-based tests identified four genes significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use: NCAM1, CADM2, SCOC and KCNT2. Previous studies reported associations of NCAM1 with cigarette smoking and other substance use, and those of CADM2 with body mass index, processing speed and autism disorders, which are phenotypes previously reported to be associated with cannabis use. Furthermore, we showed that, combined across the genome, all common SNPs explained 13-20% (P

Published
2016

4. Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis use based on a large meta-analytic sample of 32 330 subjects from the International Cannabis Consortium

Author

Stringer, S, Minică, CC, Verweij, KJH, Mbarek, H, Bernard, M, Derringer, J, van Eijk, KR, Isen, JD, Loukola, A, Maciejewski, DF, Mihailov, E, van der Most, PJ, Sánchez-Mora, C, Roos, L, Sherva, R, Walters, R, Ware, JJ, Abdellaoui, A, Bigdeli, TB, Branje, SJT, Brown, SA, Bruinenberg, M, Casas, M, Esko, T, Garcia-Martinez, I, Gordon, SD, Harris, JM, Hartman, CA, Henders, AK, Heath, AC, Hickie, IB, Hickman, M, Hopfer, CJ, Hottenga, JJ, Huizink, AC, Irons, DE, Kahn, RS, Korhonen, T, Kranzler, HR, Krauter, K, van Lier, PAC, Lubke, GH, Madden, PAF, Mägi, R, McGue, MK, Medland, SE, Meeus, WHJ, Miller, MB, Montgomery, GW, Nivard, MG, Nolte, IM, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pausova, Z, Qaiser, B, Quaye, L, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Richarte, V, Rose, RJ, Shin, J, Stallings, MC, Stiby, AI, Wall, TL, Wright, MJ, Koot, HM, Paus, T, Hewitt, JK, Ribasés, M, Kaprio, J, Boks, MP, Snieder, H, Spector, T, Munafò, MR, Metspalu, A, Gelernter, J, Boomsma, DI, Iacono, WG, Martin, NG, Gillespie, NA, Derks, EM, and Vink, JM

Subjects
Adult, Male, Marijuana Abuse, Pediatric Research Initiative, Potassium Channels, Adolescent, Clinical Sciences, Marijuana Smoking, Young Adult, Substance Misuse, Clinical Research, Tobacco, 80 and over, Genetics, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Psychology, Aetiology, Aged, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Human Genome, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, CD56 Antigen, Brain Disorders, Good Health and Well Being, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Sodium-Activated, Mental health, Carrier Proteins, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Cell Adhesion Molecules, Genome-Wide Association Study, Biotechnology
Abstract

Cannabis is the most widely produced and consumed illicit psychoactive substance worldwide. Occasional cannabis use can progress to frequent use, abuse and dependence with all known adverse physical, psychological and social consequences. Individual differences in cannabis initiation are heritable (40-48%). The International Cannabis Consortium was established with the aim to identify genetic risk variants of cannabis use. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of 13 cohorts (N=32 330) and four replication samples (N=5627). In addition, we performed a gene-based test of association, estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and explored the genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and cigarette use using LD score regression. No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Nonetheless, gene-based tests identified four genes significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use: NCAM1, CADM2, SCOC and KCNT2. Previous studies reported associations of NCAM1 with cigarette smoking and other substance use, and those of CADM2 with body mass index, processing speed and autism disorders, which are phenotypes previously reported to be associated with cannabis use. Furthermore, we showed that, combined across the genome, all common SNPs explained 13-20% (P

Published
2016

5. Unmet needs in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a longitudinal perspective. Nov 21:1-13

Author

LANDOLT K, RÖSSLER W, BURNS T, AJDACIC GROSS V, LIBIGER J, NABER D, DERKS EM, KAHN RS, FLEISCHHACKER WW, GALDERISI, Silvana, Landolt, K, Rössler, W, Burns, T, AJDACIC GROSS, V, Galderisi, Silvana, Libiger, J, Naber, D, Derks, Em, Kahn, R, and Fleischhacker, Ww

Subjects
schizophrenia, needs assessment, longitudinal studie, First episode
Abstract

Background. This study aimed to identify the course of unmet needs by patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and to determine associated variables. Method. We investigated baseline assessments in the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) and also follow-up interviews at 6 and 12 months. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify patient groups based on individual differences in the development of unmet needs. Multinomial logistic regression determined the predictors of group membership. Results. Four classes were identified. Three differed in their baseline levels of unmet needs whereas the fourth had a marked decrease in such needs. Main predictors of class membership were prognosis and depression at baseline, and the quality of life and psychosocial intervention at follow-up. Depression at follow-up did not vary among classes. Conclusions. We identified subtypes of patients with different courses of unmet needs. Prognosis of clinical improvement was a better predictor for the decline in unmet needs than was psychopathology. Needs concerning social relationships were particularly persistent in patients who remained high in their unmet needs and who lacked additional psychosocial treatment.

Published
2012

6. Genetic schizophrenia risk variants jointly modulate total brain and white matter volume

Author

Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Af, Bakker, Sc, van Haren, Ne, Derks, Em, Buizer Voskamp, Je, Boos, Hb, Cahn, W, Hulshoff, Pol, Ripke, S, Ophoff, Ra, Kahn, Rs, Sanders, Ar, Kendler, Ks, Levinson, Df, Sklar, P, Holmans, Pa, Lin, Dy, Duan, J, Andreassen, Oa, Scolnick, E, Cichon, S, Clair, St, D, Corvin, A, Gurling, H, Werge, T, Rujescu, D, Blackwood, Dh, Pato, Cn, Malhotra, Ak, Purcell, S, Dudbridge, F, Neale, Bm, Rossin, L, Visscher, Pm, Posthuma, D, Ruderfer, Dm, Fanous, A, Stefansson, H, Steinberg, S, Mowry, Bj, Golimbet, V, Hert, De, M, Jonsson, Eg, Bitter, I, Pietiläinen, Op, Collier, Da, Tosato, Sarah, Agartz, I, Albus, M, Alexander, M, Amdur, Rl, Amin, F, Bass, N, Bergen, Se, Black, Dw, Børglum, Ad, Brown, Ma, Bruggeman, R, Buccola, Ng, Byerley, Wf, Cantor, Rm, Carr, Vj, Catts, Sv, Choudhury, K, Cloninger, C, Cormican, P, Craddock, N, Danoy, Pa, Datta, S, Haan, De, L, Demontis, D, Dikeos, D, Djurovic, S, Donnelly, P, Donohoe, G, Duong, L, Dwyer, S, Fink Jensen, A, Freedman, R, Freimer, Nb, Friedl, M, Georgieva, L, Giegline, I, Gill, M, Glenthøj, B, Godard, S, Hamshere, M, Hansen, M, Hansen, T, Hartmann, Am, Henskens, Fa, Hougaard, Dm, Hultman, Cm, Ingason, A, Jablensky, Av, Jakobsen, Kd, Jay, M, Jürgens, G, Keller, Mc, Kenis, G, Kenny, E, Kim, Y, Kirov, Gk, Konnerth, H, Konte, B, Krabbendam, L, Krasucki, R, Lasseter, Vk, Laurent, C, Lawrence, J, Lencz, T, Lerer, F, Liang, Ky, Lichtenstein, P, Lieberman, Ja, Linszen, Dh, Lönnqvist, J, Loughland, Cm, Maclean, Aw, Maher, Bs, Maier, W, Mallet, J, Malloy, P, Mattheisen, M, Mattingsdal, M, Mcghee, Ka, Mcgrath, Jj, Mcintosh, A, Mclean, De, Mcquillin, A, Melle, I, Michie, Pt, Milanova, V, Morris, Dw, Mors, O, Mortensen, Pb, Moskvina, V, Muglia, P, Myin Germeys, I, Nertney, Da, Nestadt, G, Nielsen, J, Nikolov, I, Nordentoft, M, Norton, N, Nöthen, Mm, O'Dushlaine, C, Olincy, A, Olsen, L, O'Neill, F, Ørntoft, Tf, Owen, Mj, Pantelis, C, Papadimitriou, G, Pato, Mt, Peltonen, L, Petursson, H, Pickard, B, Pimm, J, Pulver, Ae, Puri, V, Quested, D, Quinn, Em, Rasmussen, Hb, Réthelyi, Jm, Ribble, R, Rietschel, M, Riley, Bp, Ruggeri, Mirella, Schall, U, Schulze, Tg, Schwab, Sg, Scott, Rj, Shi, J, Sigurdsson, E, Silverman, Jm, Spencer, Cc, Stefansson, K, Strange, A, Strengman, E, Stroup, Ts, Suvisaari, J, Terenius, L, Thirumalai, S, Thygesen, Jh, Timm, S, Toncheva, D, van den Oord, E, van Os, J, Van, Winkel, R, Veldink, J, Walsh, D, Wang, Ag, Wiersma, D, Wildenauer, Db, Williams, Hj, Williams, Nm, Wormley, B, Zammit, S, Sullivan, Pf, O'Donovan, Mc, Daly, Mj, Gejman, Pv, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Adult Psychiatry, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Myin-Germeys, Inez, De Hert, Marc, and van Winkel, Ruud

Subjects
Adult, Male, Psychosis, Genotype, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White matter, genome-wide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, mental disorders, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Biological Psychiatry, structural MRI, Genetics, neuroimaging, Case-control study, Brain, imaging, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, 3. Good health, schizophrenia, Endophenotype, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, psychiatric, Schizophrenia, Case-Control Studies, Female, endophenotype, Genome-Wide Association Study, SNPs, Atrophy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thousands of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are weakly associated with schizophrenia. It is likely that subsets of disease-associated SNPs are associated with distinct heritable disease-associated phenotypes. Therefore, we examined the shared genetic susceptibility modulating schizophrenia and brain volume. METHODS: Odds ratios for genome-wide SNP data were calculated in the sample collected by the Psychiatric Genome-wide Association Study Consortium (8690 schizophrenia patients and 11,831 control subjects, excluding subjects from the present study). These were used to calculate individual polygenic schizophrenia (risk) scores in an independent sample of 152 schizophrenia patients and 142 healthy control subjects with available structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS: In the entire group, the polygenic schizophrenia score was significantly associated with total brain volume (R2 = .048, p = 1.6 × 10(-4)) and white matter volume (R2 = .051, p = 8.6 × 10(-5)) equally in patients and control subjects. The number of (independent) SNPs that substantially influenced both disease risk and white matter (n = 2020) was much smaller than the entire set of SNPs that modulated disease status (n = 14,751). From the set of 2020 SNPs, a group of 186 SNPs showed most evidence for association with white matter volume and an explorative functional analysis showed that these SNPs were located in genes with neuronal functions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a relatively small subset of schizophrenia genetic risk variants is related to the (normal) development of white matter. This, in turn, suggests that disruptions in white matter growth increase the susceptibility to develop schizophrenia.

Published
2013

7. Copy number variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and tourette syndrome: a cross-disorder study

Author

McGrath, Lauren M, Yu, Dongmei, Marshall, Christian, Davis, Lea K, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Li, Bingbin, Cappi, Carolina, Gerber, Gloria, Wolf, Aaron, Schroeder, Frederick A, Osiecki, Lisa, O'Dushlaine, Colm, Kirby, Andrew, Illmann, Cornelia, Haddad, Stephen, Gallagher, Patience, Fagerness, Jesen A, Barr, Cathy L, Bellodi, Laura, Benarroch, Fortu, Bienvenu, O Joseph, Black, Donald W, Bloch, Michael H, Bruun, Ruth D, Budman, Cathy L, Camarena, Beatriz, Cath, Danielle C, Cavallini, Maria C, Chouinard, Sylvain, Coric, Vladimir, Cullen, Bernadette, Delorme, Richard, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M, Dion, Yves, Rosário, Maria C, Eapen, Valsama, Evans, Patrick, Falkai, Peter, Fernandez, Thomas V, Garrido, Helena, Geller, Daniel, Grabe, Hans J, Grados, Marco A, Greenberg, Benjamin D, Gross-Tsur, Varda, Grünblatt, Edna, Heiman, Gary A, Hemmings, Sian M J, Herrera, Luis D, Hounie, Ana G, Jankovic, Joseph, Kennedy, James L, King, Robert A, Kurlan, Roger, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Leboyer, Marion, Leckman, James F, Lennertz, Leonhard, Lochner, Christine, Lowe, Thomas L, Lyon, Gholson J, Macciardi, Fabio, Maier, Wolfgang, McCracken, James T, McMahon, William, Murphy, Dennis L, Naarden, Allan L, Neale, Benjamin M, Nurmi, Erika, Pakstis, Andrew J, Pato, Michele T, Pato, Carlos N, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Pollak, Yehuda, Reus, Victor I, Richter, Margaret A, Riddle, Mark, Robertson, Mary M, Rosenberg, David, Rouleau, Guy A, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Sampaio, Aline S, Samuels, Jack, Sandor, Paul, Sheppard, Brooke, Singer, Harvey S, Smit, Jan H, Stein, Dan J, Tischfield, Jay A, Vallada, Homero, Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Ying, Wendland, Jens R, Shugart, Yin Yao, Miguel, Euripedes C, Nicolini, Humberto, Oostra, Ben A, Moessner, Rainald, Wagner, Michael, Ruiz-Linares, Andres, Heutink, Peter, Nestadt, Gerald, Freimer, Nelson, Petryshen, Tracey, Posthuma, Danielle, Jenike, Michael A, Cox, Nancy J, Hanna, Gregory L, Brentani, Helena, Scherer, Stephen W, Arnold, Paul D, Stewart, S Evelyn, Mathews, Carol A, Knowles, James A, Cook, Edwin H, Pauls, David L, Wang, Kai, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Leerstoel Hout, Sub String Theory Cosmology and ElemPart, Experimental psychopathology, University of Zurich, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Leerstoel Hout, Sub String Theory Cosmology and ElemPart, Experimental psychopathology, Clinical Genetics, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Artificial intelligence, Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Functional Genomics, AIMMS, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Mental Health, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Mcgrath, Lm, Yu, D, Marshall, C, Davis, Lk, Thiruvahindrapuram, B, Li, B, Cappi, C, Gerber, G, Wolf, A, Schroeder, Fa, Osiecki, L, O'Dushlaine, C, Kirby, A, Illmann, C, Haddad, S, Gallagher, P, Fagerness, Ja, Barr, Cl, Bellodi, Laura, Benarroch, F, Bienvenu, Oj, Black, Dw, Bloch, Mh, Bruun, Rd, Budman, Cl, Camarena, B, Cath, Dc, Cavallini, Mc, Chouinard, S, Coric, V, Cullen, B, Delorme, R, Denys, D, Derks, Em, Dion, Y, Rosário, Mc, Eapen, V, Evans, P, Falkai, P, Fernandez, Tv, Garrido, H, Geller, D, Grabe, Hj, Grados, Ma, Greenberg, Bd, Gross Tsur, V, Grünblatt, E, Heiman, Ga, Hemmings, Sm, Herrera, Ld, Hounie, Ag, Jankovic, J, Kennedy, Jl, King, Ra, Kurlan, R, Lanzagorta, N, Leboyer, M, Leckman, Jf, Lennertz, L, Lochner, C, Lowe, Tl, Lyon, Gj, Macciardi, F, Maier, W, Mccracken, Jt, Mcmahon, W, Murphy, Dl, Naarden, Al, Neale, Bm, Nurmi, E, Pakstis, Aj, Pato, Mt, Pato, Cn, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Pollak, Y, Reus, Vi, Richter, Ma, Riddle, M, Robertson, Mm, Rosenberg, D, Rouleau, Ga, Ruhrmann, S, Sampaio, A, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Sheppard, B, Singer, H, Smit, Jh, Stein, Dj, Tischfield, Ja, Vallada, H, Veenstra VanderWeele, J, Walitza, S, Wang, Y, Wendland, Jr, Shugart, Yy, Miguel, Ec, Nicolini, H, Oostra, Ba, Moessner, R, Wagner, M, Ruiz Linares, A, Heutink, P, Nestadt, G, Freimer, N, Petryshen, T, Posthuma, D, Jenike, Ma, Cox, Nj, Hanna, Gl, Brentani, H, Scherer, Sw, Arnold, Pd, Stewart, Se, Mathews, Ca, Knowles, Ja, Cook, Eh, Pauls, Dl, Wang, K, Scharf, J. M., Psychiatry, Human genetics, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, and EMGO - Mental health

Subjects
Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis [Tourette Syndrome], Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, Genome-wide association study, 610 Medicine & health, Tourette syndrome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Obsessive compulsive, Genetic etiology, Internal medicine, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics, Copy-number variation, ddc:610, Genetics, genetics [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder], 3204 Developmental and Educational Psychology, copy number variation, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, medicine.disease, 16p13.11, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, genetics [Tourette Syndrome], Schizophrenia, Autism, Female, Psychology, Genome-Wide Association Study, diagnosis [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder]
Abstract

Objective Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (

Published
2014

8. Comorbid substance abuse in first-episode schizophrenia: Effects on cognition and psychopathology in the EUFEST study

Author

René S. Kahn, Jan Libiger, H Boter, Juan J. López-Ibor, Wolfgang Gaebel, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Thomas Schneider-Axmann, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Silvana Galderisi, Luchezar Hranov, Michael Davidson, Peter Falkai, Alkomiet Hasan, Sonia Dollfus, Thomas Wobrock, Jozef Peuskens, Eske M. Derks, Wobrock, T, Falkai, P, Schneider-Axmann, T, Hasan, A, Galderisi, S, Davidson, M, Kahn, R, Derks, Em, Boter, H, Rybakowski, Jk, Libiger, J, Dollfus, S, López-Ibor, Jj, Peuskens, J, Hranov, Lg, Gaebel, W, Fleischhacker, Ww, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Naples SUN, Chaim Sheba Medical Center [Ramat Gan, Israel], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen [Groningen], Poznan University of Medical Sciences, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales (ISTCT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de psychiatrie [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Instituut voor Levende Talen (ILT) - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL) - Dekenstraat 6 - Leuven, België (ILT - KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN (KUL) - BELGIQUE), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria., Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
Male, USE DISORDER, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuropsychological Tests, 0302 clinical medicine, Dual diagnosis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SCALE, NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION, Neuropsychology, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Dual diagnosi, Verbal Learning, humanities, CANNABIS USE, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Europe, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cognitive function, Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Clinical psychology, Psychopathology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, Chlorpromazine, Substance-Related Disorders, ILLNESS, Verbal learning, behavioral disciplines and activities, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, PSYCHOSIS, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Analysis of Variance, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, First-episode schizophrenia, INDIVIDUALS, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE, ONSET, Cognition Disorders, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Studies and meta-analyses investigating the influence of substance use disorder (SUD) (substance abuse or dependence) on psychopathology and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia patients have revealed controversial results. Most studies did only have small samples and did not focus exclusively on first-episode schizophrenia patients.Method: In a post-hoc analysis of the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) psychopathology and cognitive performances of patientswith (FE-SUD, N = 119, consisting of N = 88 patientswith persisting SUD at baseline and N = 31 patients with previous SUD) and without SUD (FE-non-SUD, N = 204) were compared at baseline and 6 months follow-up. Neurocognitive assessment included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Trail Making Tests A and B (TMT), Purdue Pegboard and Digit-Symbol Coding.Results: In total 31.1% of patients reported SUD, and 22.2% of patients used cannabis. There were no significant differences between patients with and without SUD concerning PANSS scores, extrapyramidal motor symptoms or neurocognitive measures except better performance in psychomotor speed (TMT-A, p = 0.033, Cohen's d = 0.26) in patients with SUD at 6 months follow-up. Interestingly, SUD patients with ongoing substance use at follow-up showed elevated positive symptoms (PANSS positive score, p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 0.84) compared to those who abstained. PANSS scores at baseline were increased in patients with an onset of SUD before the age of 16 years. In addition we found a correlation between longer duration of cannabis use and higher cognitive performance as well as reduced symptom improvement and more extrapyramidal motor symptoms in patients with higher frequency of cannabis consumption.Conclusions: FE-SUD and FE-non-SUD show similar psychopathology and neuropsychological performances at baseline and during the first 6 months of antipsychotic treatment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

9. Partitioning the heritability of Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder reveals differences in genetic architecture

Author

Patrick Evans, Jay A. Tischfield, Anuar Konkashbaev, Richard Delorme, Sandra Catalina Mesa Restrepo, Margaret A. Richter, Gregory L. Hanna, Allan L. Naarden, Michele T. Pato, Jian Yang, Denise A. Chavira, Damiaan Denys, Paul Sandor, Michael A. Jenike, Sian M. J. Hemmings, Paul D. Arnold, Stephan Ruhrmann, H.G.M. Westenberg, Yves Dion, Cathy L. Barr, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Brooke Sheppard, Leonhard Lennertz, Eske M. Derks, Lauren M. McGrath, Barbara Kremeyer, Marion Leboyer, Victor I. Reus, Cornelia Illmann, S. Evelyn Stewart, Dan J. Stein, Ana Gabriela Hounie, James T. McCracken, R. Kurlan, Chunyu Liu, Aline S. Sampaio, Thomas L. Lowe, Benjamin M. Neale, Yehuda Pollak, Desmond Campbell, Fabio Macciardi, Mary M. Robertson, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Ben A. Oostra, Rainald Moessner, Gary A. Heiman, Nuria Lanzagorta, Sylvain Chouinard, Rianne M. Blom, Karin Egberts, Carlos N. Pato, David V. Conti, Carol A. Mathews, Ying Wang, Marco A. Grados, Julio C. Cardona Silgado, S. Hong Lee, H. Müller, Eric R. Gamazon, Humberto Nicolini, Jan Smit, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Jens R. Wendland, Cathy L. Budman, Laura Bellodi, Danielle Posthuma, Jubel Morgan, David R. Rosenberg, John Piacentini, Hans J. Grabe, Mark A. Riddle, Beatriz Camarena, Naomi R. Wray, Eric Strengman, Dennis L. Murphy, Simon Girard, Christine Lochner, Ruth D. Bruun, Joseph Jankovic, Edwin H. Cook, William M. McMahon, Scott L. Rauch, James F. Leckman, Peter Falkai, Fortu Benarroch, Christopher K. Edlund, Gabriel Bedoya Berrío, Homero Vallada, Susanne Walitza, Nelson B. Freimer, Stephen A. Haddad, Yin Yao Shugart, Danielle C. Cath, Nancy J. Cox, Varda Gross-Tsur, Guy A. Rouleau, Bernadette Cullen, Michael H. Bloch, Dieter Deforce, David L. Pauls, Thomas V. Fernandez, Roel A. Ophoff, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Gerald Nestadt, Dongmei Yu, Helena Garrido, Robert A. King, James L. Kennedy, Clare L. Keenan, Lisa Osiecki, Jack Samuels, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, Ana V. Valencia Duarte, James A. Knowles, Patience J. Gallagher, Carolina Cappi, Maria Conceição do Rosário, Andrew J. Pakstis, Christopher Pittenger, Michael Wagner, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Daniel A. Geller, Vladimir Coric, Tobias J. Renner, Oscar J. Bienvenu, Roxana Romero, William Cornejo Ochoa, Peter Heutink, Lea K. Davis, Harvey S. Singer, Maria Cristina Cavallini, Psychiatry, Human genetics, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ Chicago, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Univ Amsterdam, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Univ Queensland, Univ Hlth Network, Hosp Sick Children, Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, Johns Hopkins Univ, Yale Univ, North Shore Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, NYU Med Ctr, North Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, Hofstra Univ, Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muniz, UCL, Univ Hong Kong, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Univ Utrecht, Altrecht Acad Anxiety Ctr, Univ Milan, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Univ Calif San Diego, Univ Montreal, Univ Illinois, Univ Ghent, Inst Pasteur, French Natl Sci Fdn, Hop Robert Debre, Univ Wurzburg, Univ Munich, Univ Med Greifswald, Butler Hosp, Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Rutgers State Univ, Univ Stellenbosch, Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Univ Toronto, Overlook Hosp, Carracci Med Grp, Inst Mondor Rech Biomed, Univ Bonn, Univ Calif San Francisco, UCI, Univ Utah, NIMH Intramural Res Program, Med City Dallas Hosp, Univ Med Ctr, Univ So Calif, Partners Psychiat & McLean Hosp, Sunnybrook Hlth Sci Ctr, St George Hosp, Sch Med, Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Wayne State Univ, Detroit Med Ctr, McGill Univ, Univ Cologne, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Youthdale Treatment Ctr, Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med, Univ Cape Town, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Vanderbilt Univ, Univ Zurich, Inst Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci NIN KNAW, Natl Inst Genom Med SAP, Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Erasmus Univ, Univ Michigan, German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Erasmus MC, Univ British Columbia, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Davis, Lk, Yu, D, Keenan, Cl, Gamazon, Er, Konkashbaev, Ai, Derks, Em, Neale, Bm, Yang, J, Lee, Sh, Evans, P, Barr, Cl, Bellodi, Laura, Benarroch, F, Berrio, Gb, Bienvenu, Oj, Bloch, Mh, Blom, Rm, Bruun, Rd, Budman, Cl, Camarena, B, Campbell, D, Cappi, C, Cardona Silgado, Jc, Cath, Dc, Cavallini, Mc, Chavira, Da, Chouinard, S, Conti, Dv, Cook, Eh, Coric, V, Cullen, Ba, Deforce, D, Delorme, R, Dion, Y, Edlund, Ck, Egberts, K, Falkai, P, Fernandez, Tv, Gallagher, Pj, Garrido, H, Geller, D, Girard, Sl, Grabe, Hj, Grados, Ma, Greenberg, Bd, Gross Tsur, V, Haddad, S, Heiman, Ga, Hemmings, Sm, Hounie, Ag, Illmann, C, Jankovic, J, Jenike, Ma, Kennedy, Jl, King, Ra, Kremeyer, B, Kurlan, R, Lanzagorta, N, Leboyer, M, Leckman, Jf, Lennertz, L, Liu, C, Lochner, C, Lowe, Tl, Macciardi, F, Mccracken, Jt, Mcgrath, Lm, Mesa Restrepo, Sc, Moessner, R, Morgan, J, Muller, H, Murphy, Dl, Naarden, Al, Ochoa, Wc, Ophoff, Ra, Osiecki, L, Pakstis, Aj, Pato, Mt, Pato, Cn, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Pollak, Y, Rauch, Sl, Renner, Tj, Reus, Vi, Richter, Ma, Riddle, Ma, Robertson, Mm, Romero, R, Rosàrio, Mc, Rosenberg, D, Rouleau, Ga, Ruhrmann, S, Ruiz Linares, A, Sampaio, A, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Sheppard, B, Singer, H, Smit, Jh, Stein, Dj, Strengman, E, Tischfield, Ja, Valencia Duarte, Av, Vallada, H, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Veenstra Vanderweele, J, Walitza, S, Wang, Y, Wendland, Jr, Westenberg, Hg, Shugart, Yy, Miguel, Ec, Mcmahon, W, Wagner, M, Nicolini, H, Posthuma, D, Hanna, Gl, Heutink, P, Denys, D, Arnold, Pd, Oostra, Ba, Nestadt, G, Freimer, Nb, Pauls, Dl, Wray, Nr, Stewart, Se, Mathews, Ca, Knowles, Ja, Cox, Nj, Scharf, Jm, Functional Genomics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Davis, Lea K, Yu, Dongmei, Keenan, Clare L, Gamazon, Eric R, Lee, S Hong, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Clinical Genetics, Other departments, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Adult Psychiatry, and Graduate School

Subjects
Cancer Research, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, COMPLEX DISEASES, Genome-wide association study, heritability, Genome-wide association studies, neurobehavioral disorders, COMMON SNPS, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Missing heritability problem, MISSING HERITABILITY, Cerebellum, Heritability of autism, BRAIN, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, ddc:616, Genetics & Heredity, 0303 health sciences, Chromosome 15, humanities, FAMILY, obsessive-compulsive disorder, genetics [Tourette Syndrome], Phenotype, NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, GENÔMICA, Research Article, EXPRESSION, lcsh:QH426-470, SNP, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis, Genetic correlation, behavioral disciplines and activities, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, TIC DISORDERS, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, mental disorders, genetic risk factors, Humans, ddc:610, AUTISM, Variant genotypes, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, genetics [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder], Tourette syndrome, Parietal lobe, Biology and Life Sciences, Heritability, Genetic architecture, Minor allele frequency, Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo, lcsh:Genetics, pathology [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder], genetic variation, pathology [Tourette Syndrome], Síndrome de Tourette, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, GILLES, Genome-Wide Association Study, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

The direct estimation of heritability from genome-wide common variant data as implemented in the program Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) has provided a means to quantify heritability attributable to all interrogated variants. We have quantified the variance in liability to disease explained by all SNPs for two phenotypically-related neurobehavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS), using GCTA. Our analysis yielded a heritability point estimate of 0.58 (se = 0.09, p = 5.64e-12) for TS, and 0.37 (se = 0.07, p = 1.5e-07) for OCD. In addition, we conducted multiple genomic partitioning analyses to identify genomic elements that concentrate this heritability. We examined genomic architectures of TS and OCD by chromosome, MAF bin, and functional annotations. In addition, we assessed heritability for early onset and adult onset OCD. Among other notable results, we found that SNPs with a minor allele frequency of less than 5% accounted for 21% of the TS heritability and 0% of the OCD heritability. Additionally, we identified a significant contribution to TS and OCD heritability by variants significantly associated with gene expression in two regions of the brain (parietal cortex and cerebellum) for which we had available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Finally we analyzed the genetic correlation between TS and OCD, revealing a genetic correlation of 0.41 (se = 0.15, p = 0.002). These results are very close to previous heritability estimates for TS and OCD based on twin and family studies, suggesting that very little, if any, heritability is truly missing (i.e., unassayed) from TS and OCD GWAS studies of common variation. The results also indicate that there is some genetic overlap between these two phenotypically-related neuropsychiatric disorders, but suggest that the two disorders have distinct genetic architectures., Author Summary Family and twin studies have shown that genetic risk factors are important in the development of Tourette Syndrome (TS) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, efforts to identify the individual genetic risk factors involved in these two neuropsychiatric disorders have been largely unsuccessful. One possible explanation for this is that many genetic variations scattered throughout the genome each contribute a small amount to the overall risk. For TS and OCD, the genetic architecture (characterized by the number, frequency, and distribution of genetic risk factors) is presently unknown. This study examined the genetic architecture of TS and OCD in a variety of ways. We found that rare genetic changes account for more genetic risk in TS than in OCD; certain chromosomes contribute to OCD risk more than others; and variants that influence the level of genes expressed in two regions of the brain can account for a significant amount of risk for both TS and OCD. Results from this study might help in determining where, and what kind of variants are individual risk factors for TS and OCD and where they might be located in the human genome.

Published
2013

10. The interrelation of needs and quality of life in first-episode schizophrenia

Author

Dieter Naber, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Jan Libiger, Karin Landolt, Silvana Galderisi, Eske M. Derks, Wulf Rössler, Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Tom Burns, René S. Kahn, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Adult Psychiatry, Landolt, K, Rössler, W, Burns, T, AJDACIC GROSS, V, Galderisi, Silvana, Libiger, J, Naber, D, Derks, Em, Kahn, R, Fleischhacker, Ww, and University of Zurich

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Adolescent, MEDLINE, 610 Medicine & health, Psychosi, 10056 Clinic for Clinical and Social Psychiatry Zurich West (former), Structural equation modeling, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Young Adult, Quality of life, 2736 Pharmacology (medical), Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Longitudinal Studies, Young adult, First episode, Psychiatry, Baseline (configuration management), Biological Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Treatment need, Health Services Needs and Demand, business.industry, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, fungi, Longitudinal analysis, Retrospective cohort study, Treatment needs, General Medicine, Psychosis, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, nervous system, Scale (social sciences), Quality of Life, Schizophrenia, Regression Analysis, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, business, 2803 Biological Psychiatry
Abstract

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 262 (3), ISSN:0940-1334, ISSN:1433-8491

Published
2011

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