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Various are the studies carried out on the causes and consequences of climate change on the planet. With an almost annual regularity, climate experts and scientists present evidence and reports to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at the United Nations (UN). However, the studies aimed at preventing and mitigating the consequences of climate change in the construction process are scarce, from the approaches of Environmental Safety. Being this a term that starts from the approaches of dangers, threats and vulnerabilities to International, regional and Caribbean Security. That is why this article aims to address the problem from epistemological conceptions, revealing its essence and correspondence with the model of the Civil Engineering career professional, which allows incorporating environmental content into study plans and programs. As well as intending in the modes of action the use of variables and indicators that allow modeling and evaluating in the graduate of the career, their performance in solving professional environmental problems, which are linked to the bilateral environmental impact of the construction process. The results obtained from the Environmental Safety studies are articulated in the integrating subjects and disciplines. Identifying a satisfaction in teachers, students and managers for using the results obtained in solving local problems. Keywords: security, environmental security; bilateral environmental impact., Diversos son los estudios realizados sobre las causas y consecuencias del cambio climático en el planeta. Con una regularidad casi anual los expertos y científicos sobre el Clima, presentan evidencias y reportes en el Panel Intergubernamental sobre cambio Climático (IPCC) en las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Sin embargo, los estudios encaminados a prevenir y mitigar, las consecuencias del cambio climático en el proceso de las construcciones son escasas, desde los enfoques de Seguridad Ambiental. Siendo este un término que parte de la concepción de peligros, amenazas y vulnerabilidades a la Seguridad Internacional, Regional y del Caribe. Es por ello, que el presente artículo tiene el objetivo abordar la problemática desde concepciones epistemológicas, revelando su esencia y correspondencia con el modelo del profesional de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, lo cual permite incorporar un contenido ambiental en los planes y programas de estudio. Así como intencionar en los modos de actuación el empleo de variables e indicadores que permitan modelar y evaluar en el egresado de la carrera, su desempeño en la solución de problemas profesionales ambientales, que están vinculados al impacto ambiental bilateral del proceso de las construcciones. Los resultados obtenidos sobre los estudios Seguridad Ambiental se articulan en las asignaturas y disciplinas integradoras. Identificándose una satisfacción en los docentes, estudiantes y directivos por emplear los resultados obtenidos en la solución de problemas locales. Palabras claves: seguridad, seguridad ambiental; impacto ambiental bilateral. Abstract Various are the studies carried out on the causes and consequences of climate change on the planet. With an almost annual regularity, climate experts and scientists present evidence and reports to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at the United Nations (UN). However, the studies aimed at preventing and mitigating the consequences of climate change in the construction process are scarce, from the approaches of Environmental Safety. Being this a term that starts from the approaches of dangers, threats and vulnerabilities to International, regional and Caribbean Security. That is why this article aims to address the problem from epistemological conceptions, revealing its essence and correspondence with the model of the Civil Engineering career professional, which allows incorporating environmental content into study plans and programs. As well as intending in the modes of action the use of variables and indicators that allow modeling and evaluating in the graduate of the career, their performance in solving professional environmental problems, which are linked to the bilateral environmental impact of the construction process. The results obtained from the Environmental Safety studies are articulated in the integrating subjects and disciplines. Identifying a satisfaction in teachers, students and managers for using the results obtained in solving local problems. Keywords: security, environmental security; bilateral environmental impact. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 05 de octubre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de diciembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023.

Additional file 3. Factor loading for the two factors/dietary patterns derived from 12 food groups in households without college students. This table shows, in bold, the food groups that constitute the dietary pattern “Fruits, vegetables, and food rich in animal protein” and the dietary pattern “Traditional-Westernized” in households without college students.

Additional file 2. Sociodemographic characteristics by cluster. This table shows the university students’ characteristics and university students’ household characteristics by cluster.

Purpose To assess the association between three diferent a priori dietary patterns adherence (17-item energy reduced Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), Trichopoulou-MedDiet and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH)), as well as the Protein Diet Score and kidney function decline after one year of follow-up in elderly individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods We prospectively analyzed 5675 participants (55–75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. At baseline and at one year, we evaluated the creatinine-based estimated glomerular fltration rate (eGFR) and food-frequency questionnaires derived dietary scores. Associations between four categories (decrease/maintenance and tertiles of increase) of each dietary pattern and changes in eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2 ) or≥10% eGFR decline were assessed by ftting multivariable linear or logistic regression models, as appropriate. Results Participants in the highest tertile of increase in 17-item erMedDiet Score showed higher upward changes in eGFR (β: 1.87 ml/min/1.73m2 ; 95% CI: 1.00–2.73) and had lower odds of≥10% eGFR decline (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47–0.82) compared to individuals in the decrease/maintenance category, while Trichopoulou-MedDiet and DASH Scores were not associated with any renal outcomes. Those in the highest tertile of increase in Protein Diet Score had greater downward changes in eGFR (β: − 0.87 ml/min/1.73m2 ; 95% CI: − 1.73 to − 0.01) and 32% higher odds of eGFR decline (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.00–1.75). Conclusions Among elderly individuals with overweight/obesity and MetS, only higher upward change in the 17-item erMedDiet score adherence was associated with better kidney function after one year. However, increasing Protein Diet Score appeared to have an adverse impact on kidney health. Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN89898870 (Data of registration: 2014).

Desde que se conoció la posibilidad de que Cuba fuera afectada por la Pandemia de la COVID-19, las máximas autoridades del país se preocuparon y ocuparon de la situación que se aproximaba. Fue así que el Ministerio de Educación Superior diseñó una estrategia que permitiera hacer frente a la situación desde el propio sistema de preparación de su comunidad universitaria. Se fueron emitiendo indicaciones, al respecto, que han mantenido la esencia en la formación del estudiantado. De allí que al tener en consideración la significación social de los valores, se distinga el modelo positivo que se forma en la personalidad a partir de las particularidades de objetos, fenómenos y procesos que tienen lugar en el entorno donde se desarrolla el individuo, puesto de manifiesto a través de sus relaciones interpersonales y modo de actuación. Sin embargo, las condiciones que impone el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19, presupone una reducción de la interacción profesor-alumno e incrementa la educación a distancia con el uso de la tecnología de la informática y las comunicaciones. En este sentido no se puede descuidar la desigualdad social que se crea a partir de que algunos estudiantes y profesores, en las condiciones actuales impuestas por la pandemia, ni siquiera tienen condiciones para conectarse a internet. Especial mención merecen un conjunto de acciones, que con la participación protagónica de estudiantes y profesores de la Universidad de Camagüey “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz”, se han desarrollado en apoyo a la prevención y enfrentamiento a la pandemia de la COVID-19 y su contribución a la intervención comunitaria.

Introduction: Large randomized trials testing the effect of a multifactorial weight-loss lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on renal function are lacking. Here, we evaluated the 1-year efficacy of an intensive weight-loss intervention with an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus increased physical activity (PA) on renal function. Methods: Randomized controlled “PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus” (PREDIMED-Plus) trial is conducted in 23 Spanish centers comprising 208 primary care clinics. Overweight/obese (n = 6,719) adults aged 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention with an erMedDiet, PA promotion, and behavioral support (intervention) or usual-care advice to adhere to an energy-unrestricted MedDiet (control) between September 2013 and December 2016. The primary outcome was 1-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secondary outcomes were changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), incidence of moderately/severely impaired eGFR (

It remains unclear whether cafeinated beverages could have deleterious renal efects in elderly population with underlying comorbid conditions. We investigated the associations between cofee, tea, or cafeine intake and 1-year changes in glomerular fltration rate (eGFR) in a large Spanish cohort of overweight/obese elderly with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective analysis includes 5851 overweight/obese adults (55–75 years) with MetS from the PREDIMED-Plus study. We assessed cofee, tea, and cafeine consumption from a validated food-frequency questionnaire and creatinine-based eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate-adjusted regression models were applied to test associations between baseline cofee, tea, or cafeine intake and 1-year eGFR changes. Cafeinated cofee (>2 cups/day) and tea (at least 1 cup/day) drinkers had 0.88 and 0.93 mL/min/1.73 ­m2 greater eGFR decrease respectively, compared to those with less than 1 cup/day of cofee consumption or non-tea drinkers. Furthermore, cafeinated cofee consumption of > 2 cups/day was associated with 1.19-fold increased risk of rapid eGFR decline> 3 mL/min/1.73 ­m2 (95% CI 1.01–1.41). Similarly, individuals in the highest (median, 51.2 mg/day) tertile of cafeine intake had a 0.87 mL/min/1.73 ­m2 greater eGFR decrease. Decafeinated cofee was not associated with eGFR changes. In conclusion, higher consumption of cafeinated cofee, tea, and cafeine was associated with a greater 1-year eGFR decline in overweight/obese adults with MetS.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Associations of total inactive time with adiposity indicators and cardio-metabolic risk factors (with further adjustment for light physical activity, instead of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Table S2. Associations of total inactive time with adiposity indicators and cardio-metabolic risk factors (with further adjustment for light physical activity, instead of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and waist circumference as an indicator of adiposity). Table S3. Prevalence ratio of metabolic syndrome parameters according to tertiles of sedentary time (with further adjustment for light physical activity, instead of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Table S4. Isotemporal substitution of inactive time (30 min/day) with sleep time and physical activity on cardio-metabolic risk.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow-chart. Figure S2. Cumulative T2D-free survival by CLOCK-rs4580704 genotypes depending on the dietary intervention group. Figure S3. Cumulative stroke-free survival by CLOCK-rs4580704 genotypes. Table S1. Characteristics of the PREDIMED study participants at baseline according to the dietary intervention groups. Table S2. Characteristics of the PREDIMED study participants at baseline according to the T2D status. Table S3. Incidence rate and hazard ratios (HR) for total cardiovascular diseases (CVD) depending on the CLOCK-rs4580704. Table S4. Incidence rate and hazard ratios (HR) for stroke depending on the CLOCK-rs4580704 in T2D subjects and stratified by dietary intervention.

La diabetis mellitus tipus 2 (DMT2) és una malaltia amb elevada morbiditat i una important causa de mortalitat prematura, la qual, en gran mesura es podria prevenir. La identificació de noves vies metabòliques i/o biomarcadors implicats en la seva fisiopatologia podrien ajudar en la detecció precoç de la malaltia, i proporcionar nous enfocaments terapèutics. Aquests últims anys, diferents grups d'investigació han mostrat especial interès pel sTWEAK, una citocina multifuncional implicada en la resposta pro-/anti-inflamatòria, el seu receptor scavenger CD163 i l'osteocalcina (OC), un component de la matriu òssia; els quals han estat relacionats amb el metabolisme de la glucosa. Aquesta tesi ha estat realitzada en el context de l'estudi PREDIMED, un assaig clínic en paral•lel, multicèntric i aleatoritzat que avalua l'efecte de la dieta Mediterrània en la prevenció primària de la malaltia cardiovascular. L'objectiu va ser analitzar les associacions entre els nivells sèrics de sTWEAK, sCD163 i dues formes de OC [carboxilada (OCc) i no carboxilada (OCnc)] i la incidència de DMT2 en una població adulta amb alt risc cardiovascular i sense diabetis a l’inici de l’estudi. Així mateix, s'ha volgut explorar la relació entre els nivells perifèrics de sTWEAK i la prevalença de síndrome metabòlica (SM). Es va realitzar un estudi de disseny cas-control aniuat, prospectiu, incloent 153 casos amb nou diagnòstic de diabetis i 306 controls que no ho van desenvolupar durant els 5 anys de seguiment. Els resultats d'aquest treball van demostrar que nivells sèrics baixos de sTWEAK i ambdues formes d’osteocalcina, OCc i OCnc a l’inici de l'estudi, s’associen amb un major risc de desenvolupar diabetis tipus 2. Així mateix, nivells perifèrics baixos de sTWEAK es van associar amb una major prevalença de SM, obesitat abdominal, hipertrigliceridèmia i hiperglucèmia. No es va observar una relació significativa entre els nivells sèrics de sCD163 i la incidència de diabetis. Els resultats de la present tesi suggereixen que els nivells circulants de sTWEAK i OC, podrien ser útils com a nous potencials biomarcadors per a predir la DMT2., La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es una enfermedad con elevada morbilidad y una importante causa de mortalidad prematura, la cual, en gran medida, se podría prevenir. La identificación de nuevas vías metabólicas y/o biomarcadores implicados en su fisiopatología puede ayudar en la detección precoz de la enfermedad, y proporcionar nuevos enfoques terapéuticos. Estos últimos años, diferentes grupos de investigación han mostrado especial interés por el sTWEAK, una citocina multifuncional implicada en la respuesta pro-/anti-inflamatoria, su receptor scavenger CD163 y la osteocalcina (OC), un com¬ponente de la matriz ósea; los cuales han sido relacionados con el metabolismo de la glucosa. Esta tesis ha sido realizada en el contexto del estudio PREDIMED, un ensayo de campo nutricional en paralelo, multicéntrico y aleatorizado que evalúa el efecto de la dieta Mediterránea en la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue analizar las asociaciones entre los niveles séricos de sTWEAK, sCD163 y ambas formas de OC [carboxilada (OCc) y no carboxilada (OCnc)] y la incidencia de DMT2 en una población adulta con alto riesgo cardiovascular y sin diabetes al inicio del estudio. Además se ha analizado la relación entre los niveles periféricos de sTWEAK y síndrome metabólico (SM). Se realizó un estudio de diseño casos-control anidado y prospectivo incluyendo 153 casos con nuevo diagnóstico de diabetes y 306 controles que no desarrollaron diabetes tras 5 años de seguimiento. Los resultados del presente trabajo demuestran que niveles bajos de sTWEAK y ambas, OCc y OCnc al inicio del estudio, se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de diabetes. Asimismo, niveles bajos de sTWEAK se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia de SM, obesidad abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia e hiperglucemia. No se encontró relación entre los niveles séricos de sCD163 e incidencia de diabetes. Los resultados de la presente tesis sugieren que los niveles circulantes de sTWEAK y OC podrían ser útiles como nuevos potenciales biomarcadores predictores de DMT2., Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with high morbidity and a major cause of premature mortality, which, in a large extent could be prevented. The identification of new pathways and/or biomarkers implicated in its pathophysiology can help in the early detection of the disease, and could provide new therapeutic approaches. Recently, various research groups have shown special interest in sTWEAK, a multifunctional cytokine involved in the pro/anti-inflammatory response, its scavenger receptor CD163 and in osteocalcin (OC), a component of the bone matrix; all them related with glucose metabolism. This thesis has been conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED Study, a parallel-group, multicenter randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the associations between baseline serum concentrations of sTWEAK, sCD163 and both forms of OC [carboxylated (cOC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC)] and the future development of T2DM in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk and free of T2DM at the beginning of the study. Additionally, we also aimed at exploring the relationship between sTWEAK and metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence. A prospective, nested case-control study was performed including 153 cases of newly diagnosed diabetic subjects and 306 individually matched controls free of diabetes during 5-years of the follow-up. The results of the present work demonstrated that low levels of sTWEAK and both cOC and ucOC at baseline are prospectively associated with an increased diabetes risk. We also found that low levels sTWEAK were associated with a higher prevalence of MS, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. No relationship between serum levels sCD163 and diabetes incidence was found. The results of the present thesis suggest that circulating levels of sTWEAK and OC, may be useful as potential biomarkers for predicting T2DM.