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El síndrome de burnout se caracteriza por el agotamiento físico y mental que surge debido a la sobrecarga de responsabilidades sin el adecuado refuerzo. Una encuesta en Colombia encontró que el 17,5% de la población adulta tenía algún trastorno mental en los últimos 12 meses, siendo la ansiedad, la depresión y el consumo de sustancias los más comunes, siendo estas dos primeras relacionadas con el agotamiento laboral. El trabajo doméstico, especialmente para las mujeres, puede ser un contexto vulnerable para el síndrome de burnout, especialmente durante la pandemia Covid-19, que ha aumentado el estrés y las cargas de trabajo, es por eso mismo que este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre habilidades sociales y síndrome de burnout en amas de casa entre 19 a 25 años de la ciudad de Villavicencio. Los instrumentos que se aplicaron fueron el ECUBAC: Cuestionario de Burnout para amas de casa; y la Escala de habilidades sociales para adolescentes como instrumentos de medición y comprobación de las hipótesis propuestas, en la mayoría de dimensiones no se encontró la existencia de una relación significativa entre las habilidades sociales y el síndrome de Burnout; no obstante en la única dimensión donde se evidenció una relación significativa fue entre “la habilidad social del manejo de los sentimientos” y la “prevalencia del síndrome”: esto quiere decir que a mayor capacidad de manejar los estados emocionales-sentimentales, menor presencia de Burnout. The burnout syndrome is characterized by the physical and mental exhaustion that arises due to the overload of responsibilities without adequate reinforcement. A survey in Colombia found that 17.5% of the adult population had some mental disorder in the last 12 months, anxiety, depression and substance use being the most common, the first two being related to job exhaustion. Domestic work, especially for women, can be a vulnerable context for burnout syndrome, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has increased stress and workloads, which is why this paper aims to analyze the relationship between social skills and burnout syndrome in housewives between 19 and 25 years of age in the city of Villavicencio. The instruments that were applied were the ECUBAC: Burnout Questionnaire for housewives; and the Social Skills Scale for Adolescents as measurement instruments and verification of the proposed hypotheses, in most dimensions the existence of a significant relationship between social skills and Burnout syndrome was not found; However, the only dimension where a significant relationship was found was between "the social ability to manage feelings" and the "prevalence of the syndrome": this means that the greater the ability to manage emotional-sentimental states, the less presence of Burnout. Psicólogo http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

This podcast features Dr. Angela Diaz, Assistant Professor of History, Dr. Amy Odum, Professor of Psychology and Gonca Soyer, an Adjunct Professor in Human Development and Family Studies., https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/inter_teach-in/1010/thumbnail.jpg

A conversation with USU faculty on the historical and contemporary significance of the movement for Black lives, the potential for this movement to address systemic racism and white supremacy and ways the USU community can support this movement locally. The conversation features Dr. Angela Diaz, Assistant Professor of History, Dr. Amy Odum, Professor of Psychology and Gonca Soyer, an Adjunct Professor in Human Development and Family Studies., https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/inter_teach-in/1002/thumbnail.jpg

El propósito principal de este trabajo es identificar los factores internos y externos que conllevan a la materialización del riesgo de fraude en entidades de los sectores financiero y solidario de la ciudad de Medellín. Para ello se realizaron cuatro entrevistas abiertas semi-estructuradas a los gerentes generales y/o gerentes de riesgo de dos entidades vigiladas por la Superintendencia de la Economía Solidaria de Colombia (en adelante la Supersolidaria): Cooperativa Belén Ahorro y Crédito (Cobelén) y el Fondo de Beneficio Común de los Empleados del SENA (FBC), y de dos entidades vigiladas por la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia (en adelante la Superfinanciera): Bancolombia S. A. y Coofinep Cooperativa Financiera. Asimismo, se realizaron 40 encuestas a empleados de estas entidades para que, según su criterio, ordenaran de menor a mayor importancia algunos conceptos relacionados con el riesgo de fraude. Con el fin de analizar las causas y factores que generan riesgos de fraude en estas entidades e identificar los principales controles para su prevención y detección se tomó como referencia el modelo del triángulo del fraude de Donald Cressey (1961). Este estudio presenta el contraste entre las similitudes y diferencias existentes en las entidades vigiladas por la Supersolidaria y la Superfinanciera, identificando la gestión de los riesgos de fraude, la malversación de los activos y el fraude en los estados financieros, y las consecuencias de su materialización. Las entidades objeto de estudio fueron seleccionadas teniendo en cuenta su representatividad en los sectores a los que pertenecen; adicionalmente, el contacto de las autoras de esta investigación con las administraciones de dichas entidades contribuyó al logro de sus objetivos. Una de las principales limitaciones identificadas en el proceso de investigación fue el acceso a la información relacionada con las matrices de riesgo y los programas de gestión de riesgo de fraude en las entidades objeto de este estudio, debido a sus políticas de confidencialidad. En todo caso, y no obstante su carácter más teórico que real, este ejercicio no deja de ser provechoso., The main purpose of this work is to identify the internal and external factors that lead to the materialization of the risk of fraud in companies in the financial and solidarity sectors. Four semi-structured open interviews were conducted with two organizations supervised by the Superintendencia de la Economía Solidaria de Colombia: Cooperativa Belén Ahorro y Crédito (Cobelén) and the Common Benefit Fund of SENA Employees, and two entities supervised by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia: Bancolombia SA and Coofinep Cooperativa Financiera. Likewise, 40 surveys were carried out for employees of these companies so that, according to their criteria, they could order some concepts related to the risk of fraud from less to greater importance. In order to analyze the causes and factors that generate risks of fraud in the companies and identify the main controls for their prevention and detection, the Donald Cressey fraud model (1961) was used. This study presents the contrast between the similarities and differences existing in the entities supervised by the Superintendencia de la Economía Solidaria de Colombia and the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, identifying the management of the risks of fraud, the misappropriation of assets and fraud in the financial statements, and the consequences of their materialization. The companies under study were selected taking into account their representativeness in the sectors to which they belong; additionally, the closeness of the authors with the administration of such companies allowed the development of the objectives of the investigation. One of the main limitations identified in the research process was the access to information related to risk matrices and fraud risk management programs in the companies under study, due to their confidentiality policies. In any case, notwithstanding its more theoretical than real nature, this exercise does not cease to be profitable.

Human body sites represent ecological niches for microorganisms, each providing variations in microbial exposure, nutrient availability, microbial competition, and host immunological responses. In this study, we investigated the oral, anal, and cervical microbiomes from the same 20 sexually active adolescent females, using culture-independent, next-generation sequencing. DNA from each sample was amplified for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and sequenced on an Illumina platform using paired-end reads. Across the three anatomical niches, we found significant differences in bacterial community composition and diversity. Overall anal samples were dominated with Prevotella and Bacteriodes, oral samples with Streptococcus and Prevotella, and cervical samples with Lactobacillus. The microbiomes of a few cervical samples clustered with anal samples in weighted principal coordinate analyses, due in part to a higher proportion of Prevotella in those samples. Additionally, cervical samples had the lowest alpha diversity. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of distinct microbial communities across body sites within the same individual.

Adolescent nutritional behaviors are assuming considerable importance in nutrition interventions given their important relationships with medium- and long-term outcomes. This is the period when young people undergo major anatomical and physiological maturational changes in preparation for adulthood. Nutritional requirements during puberty are higher during adolescence than during the prepubertal stage and during adulthood. A significant proportion of adolescents also become parents, and hence the importance of their health and nutritional status before as well as during pregnancy has its impact on their own health, fetal well-being, and newborn health. In this paper, we describe the evidence-based nutrition recommendations and the current global guidance for nutrition actions for adolescents. Despite the limitations of available information, we believe that a range of interventions are feasible to address outcomes in this age group, although some would need to start earlier in childhood. We propose packages of preventive care and management comprising nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions to address adolescent undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. We discuss potential delivery platforms and strategies relevant to low- and middle-income countries. Beyond the evidence synthesis, there is a clear need to translate evidence into policy and for implementation of key recommendations and addressing knowledge gaps through prioritized research.

Childhood abuse negatively affects young people's health. Little is known about its effect on health care usage patterns or on perception of health status during a life stage when learning to use care independently is a key developmental task.In nonclinical study settings, abuse has been found to be associated with disorganized use of care and perceived poorer health. Our objective was to determine whether abused youth receiving health care had similar outcomes.This observational study, conducted between December 5, 2005 and April 13, 2007, screened for childhood abuse in 532 young people seeking services at a primary care clinic. The setting was a New York City young people's free health clinic. Participants were aged 12-24 years, recruited during a visit, mostly female (86%), Latino or black (94%), and currently in school or college (79%). Exclusions included not being fluent in English or having difficulty understanding the study/consent process.Health care use (routine vs urgent care) in the prior 12 months and perceived health status were measured using the Health Service Utilization Scale. Potential demographic covariates were controlled for, as was depression (using the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care-Fast Screen). A total of 54% disclosed abuse. Compared with those who were not abused, those reporting sexual abuse had 1.4 times greater odds of choosing both urgent and routine care over routine care only. Those reporting any type of abuse had lower odds of selecting urgent care only over routine care. No association was found between childhood abuse and perceived health status.In contrast to studies conducted among youth in nonclinic settings, in this study childhood abuse was not associated with health care usage patterns or with poorer perception of health. Further research is needed regarding the impact receiving health care has on perceived health and health care use in abused youth. Annals of Global Health 2017;0:000-000.

Childhood abuse, whether physical or sexual, is a major public health issue. The most recent United States data from Child Protective Services (CPS) show that in 2013 there were 3.5 million referrals of child maltreatment involving 6.4 million children. Out of these cases, 18% were for physical abuse and 9% were for sexual abuse. However, researchers argue that CPS data grossly underestimate the prevalence of childhood abuse as most childhood abuse goes unreported. Indeed, to date, the true prevalence of childhood abuse remains unknown as research has been hampered by inconsistent definitions of abuse and wide variation in methodologies including measures for its identification and modes of administration of these measures. Although a health care visit presents an opportunity to identify a childhood abuse history, health care providers frequently fail to ask about it. The reasons doctors give for not asking about abuse include lack of training, not knowing how to ask, and lack of familiarity with practical methods for screening that can be used in primary care settings. There is little to no research on effective means for identifying childhood abuse histories, especially in the adolescent and young adult population, or on how different modes of administration of screens to identify childhood abuse compare to each other. The net result is that most childhood physical and sexual abuse is never identified and many victims do not get the needed services to help them heal. When unaddressed, childhood abuse has negative impacts on victims’ health and wellbeing over the life course. Prior studies of adults show that when compared with non-victims of abuse, victims tend to perceive their health as poorer and utilize more health care services including emergency room and urgent outpatient care. These studies also suggest that adult victims use less routine and preventive care than non-victims. Only two studies, conducted among widely different adolescent populations, have examined how adolescent victims perceive their health. Similarly, limited evidence examining perception of health is available for young adults. These studies found that victims perceive their health as poorer than non-victims. There have been no adolescent-specific studies of how victimization impacts adolescents’ utilization of health care. One study includes participants ages 15 to 98 years and only two studies focusing on this issue in samples primarily of young adults attending college have been published. These studies found that victims utilize more health care than non-victims. Therefore, we lack a sufficient body of evidence to come to clear conclusions of how childhood abuse affects self-perceived health in adolescents and young adults. The general lack of evidence about both how childhood abuse impacts perception of health and utilization of health care in adolescents and young adults indicates a need for further study. Given that little is known about how to best identify an abuse history in adolescents and young adults and the impact of abuse on perception of health and utilization of health care, this dissertation pursued three aims: (1) to review the literature comparing modes of administration of screens to identify adolescent and young adult victims of childhood physical and sexual abuse; (2) to investigate how different modes of administration of screens to identify adolescent and young adult victims of childhood physical abuse within a primary care health setting compare to each other, and; (3) to examine the association of a history of childhood abuse (defined as none, physical only, and sexual with or without physical) with perceived health status and the health care utilization patterns among adolescents and young adults. For aim 1, a comprehensive literature review was conducted via PubMed of studies, published between January 1st, 1994 and December 31st, 2014 that compared modes of administration of screens to identify a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse in adolescents and young adults. Only one study was found. This study compared paper and pencil questionnaire, computer assisted survey, and face to face structured interview in the identification of childhood physical and sexual abuse among young adults in a college setting. No significant difference in the proportion of childhood physical abuse or childhood sexual abuse was identified by mode of administration. The identification through this search of only one study – which was conducted among college students, with no studies done among adolescents – shows a significant gap in our knowledge regarding this issue. Given that understanding how to identify childhood abuse is a critical issue, this gap is disturbing and underscores the need for studies of identification of childhood abuse to be a research priority. For aim 2, a sample of participants, ages 12-24 years, receiving health services at the Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center in New York City were randomized to one of four modes of administration to identify a history of childhood physical abuse. The four modes of administration of screens to identify childhood abuse were paper and pencil screen, Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview screen (ACASI), face to face structured screen and face to face unstructured interview. The full sample also completed measures to assess demographic characteristics and to screen for depression symptoms. Of the sample, 44.5% of the participants disclosed childhood physical abuse. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of childhood physical abuse identified according to mode of administration: face to face unstructured interview identified the highest proportion of childhood physical abuse victims, followed by face to face structured screen. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, depression, living arrangement and last grade completed, the odds of identifying physical abuse was 1.6 (95%CI: 1.0, 2.7) and 4.5 (95%CI: 2.6, 7.8) greater for face to face structured screen and for face to face unstructured interview, respectively as compared to paper and pencil screen. ACASI and paper and pencil were similar to each other but inferior to the face to face methods. For aim 3, in addition to what was measured for aim 2, the sample completed measures on a history of childhood sexual abuse and perceived health and health care utilization. The sample was then categorized into three groups: no abuse, physical abuse only, and sexual abuse with or without physical abuse. The association of childhood abuse status with perceived health and health care utilization were examined. There was no statistical significant association between a history of childhood abuse status and perceived health. However, the odds of reporting a fair/poor perception of health among those reporting childhood abuse were at least 40% lower regardless of whether the abuse was physical (OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.3,1.2) or sexual (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.2,1.1). No significant association was found between childhood abuse status and health care utilization. However, the odds of victims reporting using urgent care only versus routine care only were at least 10% lower regardless of whether the abuse was physical (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.3, 1.1) or sexual (OR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.4,1.9). The odds of reporting using both urgent and routine care versus routine care only was similar between victims and non-victims for physical abuse (OR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.6, 1.5) and was 30% higher for victims of sexual abuse (OR: 1.3; 95%CI: 0.8, 2.2). The findings from the three aims examined identified significant gaps in our knowledge on childhood abuse among adolescents and young adults suggesting an urgent need for further research. While much research has focused on the impact of childhood abuse on health and well-being, aim 1 reveals that little is known about which mode of administration of screens to identify childhood abuse is most effective in the identification of childhood abuse in adolescent and young adults. Furthermore, we know even less about what modes of administration of screens might be practical in primary care settings, or what must be done to improve the level of screening for childhood abuse by physicians and other health care providers. Although the findings from aim 2 suggest that face to face modes of administration are most effective in screening for childhood physical abuse in primary care settings, further studies are needed to support these findings. In addition, there is a need for studies that examine what are the best methods to use to identify childhood sexual abuse in primary care settings. The findings from aim 3 suggest that adolescents and young adults with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse, receiving health care at the Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center, do not perceive their health as worse than non-victims nor do they appear to utilize health care differently from non-victims. These findings contrast with results from prior studies of perceived health status and health care utilization among adolescents and young adult childhood abuse victims. Understanding how abuse impacts both the perception of health and health care utilization will be crucial in the development of interventions to identify and support adolescent and young adult victims of childhood physical and sexual abuse.

The 21st century is a time of both great promise and great anxiety. Economic institutions, technological tools and societal aspirations connect us all globally. We share a pivotal role in common; research universities around the globe have this and can continue to play it in economic development through people, knowledge, knowhow and facilities. The current economic climate is manifest in increasing pressure on research universities to expand their impact by fostering innovation leading to the creation of new industries and jobs whilst also developing a proficient workforce and the next generation of leaders, whether in academia, government, industry or nonprofit areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical context regarding several broad developments that have shaped the role of US research universities in relationship to the economy. Purdue university is used as case study to illustrate the specific challenges and opportunities which it has experienced over many decades during its growth and evolution as a research university. We would also like to join in celebrating the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's School of Engineering's150year tradition in technology and innovation. We hope this paper provides some vision regarding the future of engineering education within a global economic context. El siglo XXI es un tiempo de grandes promesas y ansiedades a la vez. Las instituciones económicas, las herramientas tecnológicas y las aspiraciones sociales nos conectan a todos a nivel global. Lo que tenemos en común es el papel fundamental que las universidades de investigación desempeñan en todo el mundo y pueden seguir haciéndolo en el desarrollo económico mediante las personas, el conocimiento, las habilidades y las instalaciones. El clima económico que todos estamos enfrentando se manifiesta en la crecientes presiones sobre las universidades de investigación para ampliar su influencia por medio del fomento a la innovación, que se traduce en nuevas industrias y empleos, a la vez que se desarrolla una fuerza laboral competente y la próxima generación de líderes, ya sea que éstos se desempeñen en la academia, el Gobierno, la industria, o en organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar un contexto histórico con respecto a varios desarrollos importantes que han configurado el papel de las universidades de investigación en Estados unidos con relación a la economía. Purdue university se utiliza como estudio de caso para ilustrar los retos específicos y oportunidades que ha experimentado en el transcurso de muchas décadas en su crecimiento y evolución como universidad de investigación. El artículo ofrece perspectivas sobre recursos financieros, calidad, acreditación, gestión, responsabilidad, educación en ingeniería y modelos educativos. También nos gustaría unirnos a la celebración de los 150 años de tradición en tecnología e innovación de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la universidad Nacional de Colombia. Esperamos que este trabajo proporcione una visión de futuro sobre la educación en ingeniería, en un contexto económico global. Además, Purdue aspira a convertirse en una universidad internacional en el cumplimiento de su objetivo estratégico de hacer frente a desafíos mundiales. Purdue university se enorgullece de sus convenios con el Ministerio de Educación, Colciencias, Colfuturo y el Programa Fulbright, para desarrollar investigación colaborativa en tecnologías claves de interés mutuo en el marco del Instituto de Investigación Científica Avanzada Colombia Purdue (Colombia Purdue Institute for Advanced Scientific Research (CPIASR) (ver: https://enginering.purdue.edu/CPIASR) y de participar en el programa de Colombia dirigido a educar a un número significativo de candidatos a doctorado en un futuro próximo. Hoy en día Purdue tiene más estudiantes procedentes de Colombia que de cualquier otro país de América Latina, y está deseoso de ser partícipe en el desarrollo futuro de Colombia. Gracias a esta asociación Purdue y Colombia están trabajando juntos para hacer frente a retos globales, a la vez que construyen una relación de largo plazo.

El siglo XXI es un tiempo de grandes promesas y ansiedades a la vez. Las instituciones económicas, las herramientas tecnológicas y las aspiraciones sociales nos conectan a todos a nivel global. Lo que tenemos en común es el papel fundamental que las universidades de investigación desempeñan en todo el mundo y pueden seguir haciéndolo en el desarrollo económico mediante las personas, el conocimiento, las habilidades y las instalaciones. El clima económico que todos estamos enfrentando se manifiesta en la crecientes presiones sobre las universidades de investigación para ampliar su influencia por medio del fomento a la innovación, que se traduce en nuevas industrias y empleos, a la vez que se desarrolla una fuerza laboral competente y la próxima generación de líderes, ya sea que éstos se desempeñen en la academia, el Gobierno, la industria, o en organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar un contexto histórico con respecto a varios desarrollos importantes que han configurado el papel de las universidades de investigación en Estados Unidos con relación a la economía. Purdue University se utiliza como estudio de caso para ilustrar los retos específicos y oportunidades que ha experimentado en el transcurso de muchas décadas en su crecimiento y evolución como universidad de investigación. El artículo ofrece perspectivas sobre recursos financieros, calidad, acreditación, gestión, responsabilidad, educación en ingeniería y modelos educativos. También nos gustaría unirnos a la celebración de los 150 años de tradición en tecnología e innovación de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Esperamos que este trabajo proporcione una visión de futuro sobre la educación en ingeniería, en un contexto económico global. Además, Purdue aspira a convertirse en una universidad internacional en el cumplimiento de su objetivo estratégico de hacer frente a desafíos mundiales. Purdue University se enorgullece de sus convenios con el Ministerio de Educación, Colciencias, Colfuturo y el Programa Fulbright, para desarrollar investigación colaborativa en tecnologías claves de interés mutuo en el marco del Instituto de Investigación Científica Avanzada Colombia-Purdue (Colombia-Purdue Institute for Advanced Scientific Research (CPIASR) (ver: http:// enginering.purdue.edu / cpiasr) y de participar en el programa de Colombia dirigido a educar a un número significativo de candidatos a doctorado en un futuro próximo. Hoy en día Purdue tiene más estudiantes procedentes de Colombia que de cualquier otro país de América Latina, y está deseoso de ser partícipe en el desarrollo futuro de Colombia. Gracias a esta asociación Purdue y Colombia están trabajando juntos para hacer frente a retos globales, a la vez que construyen una relación de largo plazo. The 21st century is a time of both great promise and great anxiety. Economic institutions, technological tools and societal aspirations connect us all globally. We share a pivotal role in common; research universities around the globe have this and can continue to play it in economic development through people, knowledge, know-how and facilities. The current economic climate is manifest in increasing pressure on research universities to expand their impact by fostering innovation leading to the creation of new industries and jobs whilst also developing a proficient workforce and the next generation of leaders, whether in academia, government, industry or non-profit areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical context regarding several broad developments that have shaped the role of US research universities in relationship to the economy. Purdue University is used as case study to illustrate the specific challenges and opportunities which it has experienced over many decades during its growth and evolution as a research university. We would also like to join in celebrating the Universidad Nacional de Colombia’s School of Engineering’s150-year tradition in technology and innovation. We hope this paper provides some vision regarding the future of engineering education within a global economic context.