Search

Swarna (MTU7029), an Indian mega-variety of rice, is cultivated on an estimated 8Mha of land. There is a pressing need to address yield stagnation and wider adaptability to irrigated lowland and rainfed ecologies as a result of the negative consequences of climate change and population growth. The present study was aimed at improving Swarna for two yield-related traits through marker-assisted backcross breeding strategy by introgression of OsSPL14 (panicle branching) and SCM2 (stronger culm). Foreground and background selection was carried out at each generation. Homozygous BC2F2 plants harbouring both yield-enhancing genes were identified and advanced through pedigree selection till BC2F5 and evaluated in station trials. Three promising lines possessing higher yield over recurrent parent were identified, and a single line, IET 27661 exhibited superior yield in multi-location trials of the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme (AICRIP) and was found to be promising.

Background: Rice, being the principal food crop and major nutritional source for more than half of the global population, is also an important source of livelihood in many South and South-East Asian countries. Amidst diminishing natural resources and many biotic-abiotic stresses, increasing the yield of rice varieties remains a challenging task. Identification of novel and yield augmenting alleles from stable rice hybrids is crucial to facilitate their marker-assisted transfer into various genetic backgrounds. Results: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using a population of 125 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed from the cross IR58025A/KMR3R and 126 polymorphic SSR; EST-derived SSR markers led to the identification of 12 each of major-minor effect QTLs for yield related traits. Major effect QTLs were detected for traits namely days to fifty percent flowering, test (1,000) grain weight, plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, biomass and total grain yield/plant explaining the phenotypic variability in the range of 29.95%-56.75%. QTL hotspots were detected on chromosome 3 for the traits, panicle length and total grain yield/plant and on chromosome 6 for the traits, panicle length, flag leaf length and total grain yield/plant. Though many of these QTLs were noted to co-localize with the QTL regions reported in earlier studies, five novel and major effect QTLs for panicle length, biomass, flag leaf width, panicle weight, plant height and three novel minor effect QTLs for panicle weight and fertile grains per panicle, were identified in this study. Conclusions: Through this study, both major-minor effect novel QTLs for crucial yield related traits, viz., fertile grains per panicle, panicle length, panicle weight were identified. Further, the QTL hotspots identified on two different chromosomes for flag leaf length, panicle length and total grain yield/plant shall not only help in understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of yield regulation but also would provide an insight into the genetic synchrony among the various yield related traits in contributing for yield heterosis. The identified QTL hotspots after their validation can be deployed in breeding programs targeted towards improvement of yield heterosis.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection with protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Acute infection in pregnant women may be transmitted to the fetus and cause severe illness. Most infected new born have no symptoms at birth, but if left untreated serious clinical manifestation can develop during childhood and early adulthood. Because congenital toxoplasma infection does not usually produce recognizable sign of infection in infancy and non-specificity of the symptoms, we were concerned by the fact that most case remain untreated, therefore we have used immunoglobulin M (IgM) avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening infants, and identify who should receive therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 pregnant women were included in the study. The group consists of the mother of bad obstetric history, and clinical conditions suggestive of toxoplasmosis. Blood sample collected from all these mothers and were screened by ELISA for IgM antibodies. Results: Among 90 women, maximum age group was from 20 to 24 years i.e., 36 (40%) followed by 34 (37.77%) from the age group of 25-29 years.18 were seropositive for IgM toxoplasmosis, and abortion was the most common event seen followed by preterm delivery. Maximum patients were on a mixed diet, i.e., 13 (72.22%). Conclusion: Congenital toxoplasmosis is a preventable disease, and it emphasizes the importance of early prenatal serological tests, and to take preventive measures when necessary, in order to avoid a dramatic fetal disease. It should be mandatory to screen every pregnant females and infants, and initiation of judicious treatment on time can, thus be provided to prevent morbidity and mortality due to toxoplasmosis.

A long backfire antenna using an insular image waveguide feed compatible with microwave dielectric integrated circuit technology is presented. The antenna operates as a backfire component from 9.7 to 9.9 GHz and as an endfire antenna from 8.9 to 9.9 GHz, with symmetrical radiation patterns and low crosspolarisation. The important parameters of the antenna are experimentally optimised to give a maximum gain of 20 dB and 17 dB when working as a backfire and endfire antenna, respectively. This type of antenna can find extensive applications at millimetre-wave frequencies.