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International audience; The paper seeks to examine the association that exists among a number of energy-related variables such as energy use, renewable energy use, carbon pollutants and the economic growth of European Union countries. The examination of variables focus on twenty-one years of data from 2000 to 2020 using a multidimensional data framework. The findings come from empirical analysis carried out using panel VECM model and associated tests such as, panel unit root test, cointegration and the causality one. The different variables indicated above have positive effects on the growth of economies in various EU member states. Results obtained from the use of the heterogeneous causality test indicated that there is an indirect causality between energy use and the rate at which economies develop. Based on the findings obtained from the study, there is a need for EU member states to establish policies that should help to enhance efficiency in energy use to promote economic development.

Research has examined the impact of the “entrepreneurial university” on regional socioeconomic development by focusing on the entrepreneurial intentions and performance of alumni, staff, and students. The study of impact, to date, has focused on direct and short-term mechanisms, such as alumni's entrepreneurial activities, faculty spin-outs, and active public engagement with policy agendas. Our point of departure is in conceptualizing and empirically testing a longer-term and more systemic mechanism. We theorize and empirically test how the entrepreneurial university imprints on its graduates, some of whom take on leadership positions in innovation policymaking years later. We test this relationship by employing a text-as-data approach to examine the extent to which innovation policy leaders speak about startup-centric innovation, comparing the media coverage of entrepreneurial university alumni relative to their peers. Our original dataset comprises the 485 individuals who held senior innovation policy positions in East Asia's eleven largest economies from 1998 to 2019, detailing their educational background and media coverage (10,816 documents). We conceptualize the “alumni policymaker” mechanism, which constitutes entrepreneurial university alumni shaping the future of national innovation policy by referring to startup-centric innovation three times more than their peers. Those who completed MBAs at entrepreneurial universities express an even greater preference for startup-centric innovation policy.

本論文では，理論および実証研究の結果を踏まえ，山東省における日系情報通信企業の関連会社と子会社のそれぞれ1社ずつに対してインタビュー調査を行った。関連会社の生産性も子会社のそれも本社に左右されることが明らかになったが，関連会社の経営は厳しいものの労働集約的な業務から知的集約的なものに移行し生産性を高める努力をしている一方，子会社は親会社の経営が順調である限り労働集約的な業務でも生産性を上昇させることができるが，人的資本がかなり成長している中国においては，労働集約的な業務での労働者の採用が難しくなっていることが明らかになった。これまでの研究では親会社の視点で書かれた先行研究が多く，ほとんど明らかにされていなかった関連会社と子会社に分けて調査する必要性を示すことができた。, Based on the results of theoretical and empirical studies, interviews were conducted with one affiliate and one subsidiary of Japanese ICT firms in Shandong Province. Although the productivity of affiliate and that of subsidiary were dependent on the headquarter, the affiliate made efforts to increase productivity by shifting from labor-intensive to more knowledge-intensive work, while the subsidiary was able to increase productivity even in labor-intensive activity as long as the parent company's management was doing well. Yet, in China, where human capital is growing considerably, the subsidiary was facing increasingly difficulty in recruiting workers for labor-intensive work. This indicates the need to investigate affiliated companies and subsidiaries separately, which has rarely been clarified in previous studies, many of which have been written from the parent company's perspective.

У статті досліджується виявлення регіональних особливостей структурних диспропорцій розвитку національної еконо-міки та розробка рекомендацій щодо подолання диспропорційності національної економіки. Більшість регіонів України ще до початку повномасштабних військових дій характеризувалися розбалансованою структурою економіки, високим рівнем зношеності основних фондів, технологічною відсталістю. Наразі держава потребує оперативного відновлення та санації регіональної економіки. Спостерігається висока матеріаломісткість та сировинна орієнтованість виробництва, а також низький рівень інноваційного розвитку промисловості країни. Запропоновано можливі умови зниження диспропорційності та реалізації перспектив соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України, проведено типізацію економіки України в регі-ональному розрізі. Необхідним є врахування міжрегіональної диференціації як основи запровадження стратегії реалізації державної регіональної політики. The purpose of the study is to identify regional features of structural disparities in the development of the national economy and to develop recommendations for overcoming the disproportionality of the national economy. Even before the start of full-scale military operations, most regions of Ukraine were characterized by an unbalanced structure of the economy, a high level of wear and tear of fixed assets, and technological backwardness. At present, the state needs prompt recovery and rehabilitation of the regional economy. There is a high material intensity and raw material orientation of production, as well as a low level of innovative development of the country's industry. Possible conditions for reducing disproportionality and realizing the prospects of socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine are proposed, typification of the economy of Ukraine in a regional section is carried out. It is necessary to take into account the interregional differentiation as a basis for the implementation of the strategy for the implementation of the state regional policy.Deindustrialization in Ukraine took place due to the reduction of the processing industry, primarily mechanical engineering, the increase in the level of "agrarianization" (increase in the production of technical and oilseed crops), and the increase in the service sector (tertiary sector).The quality of economic growth should be ensured not so much by the increase in GRP, but by the growth of capital return, labor productivity and employment of the population.The reduction of regional development disparities should be solved by transforming the forms, methods and organization of the management system in the regions. It is expedient to implement the directions of socio-economic integration of regions on the basis of programs that include the creation of effective mechanisms for the implementation of state regional policy; improvement of the mechanism of redistribution of resources within the country; creation of conditions and a positive image of regions to attract external investment resources; elimination of factors that lead to aggravation of social tension in society.

A common thread in the circular economy literature is the linear–circular contrast. This study shows that the economy has always been a mix of circular and linear applications but in varying proportions. Furthermore, the scrutiny of emblematic examples both reveals misconceptions and enriches the extant knowledge of both frameworks and their relationship. This study also explains which aspects encourage an economy to lean towards either the linear or the circular (i.e., profit, scarcity, circumstances, and business opportunities), why the economy should be circular, and which factors (e.g., redundancy, overproduction, fast consumption) prevent the systematic application of circular practices by favouring the throwaway society. The lock-ins/systemic path-dependent forces that underpin and perpetuate the linear economy are analysed together with their effects on the economic system. Finally, this study considers three pathways named ‘lessening’, ‘sharing’ and ‘valorising’ for the diffusion of circular solutions and the disarticulation of the linear-economy drivers.

Investment, the entry of foreign firms depends of a large extent on the country’s goodwill, which is reflected in various ratings. This representation of the situation is approximate, as it does not estimate the differences between the values of the indicators with adjacent grades. This can be avoided by dividing countries into homogeneous groups. It is appropriate to do so on the basis of non-linear grouping rather than linear grouping. It is based on the transformation of data into a dimensionless scale and linear grouping. In the case, its homogeneity increases thanks to the levelling of the most distinctive values and the alignment of the statistical characteristics of the groups. The aim of the article is to propose in principle, a new approach to the ranking of countries on the basis of their level of economic development. It was found that the nonlinear decision of countries into homogenous groups and compared to the linear grouping more accurately reflect the current situation. Keywords: economic development, gross domestic product, Harrington curves, non-linear grouping, interval compilation, homogenous group of countries.

Public debt can attract funds to finance public needs and stabilize the country’s economic development. This study aims to analyze the relationship between public debt and economic development considering the war actions in Ukraine. This paper uses bibliometric analysis, comprising in-built Scopus and WoS instruments, VosViewer, and Google Trends tools. The overall results show the close relationship between public debt, economic development, and war (armed conflict) concepts. The publications were examined according to key features: containing the keywords from the green and red clusters; covering the period 2015–2018 and 2022; and discussing public debt in Central and South-Eastern Europe. This improved the theoretical and methodological approach to the bibliometric analysis of public debt. Moreover, the study identified risks (based on selected scientific publications) to which the primary attention should be paid during the war and post-war periods in Ukraine: currency and demographic risks. Key recommendations were provided to ensure debt security during the war and post-war periods. However, the given recommendations should be implemented within the framework of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine, which would improve the credit rating and reliability of the state.

Emigration flows and their relations with economic development can be observed through different aspects, where one of the important questions is the role of the remittances, and transfer of foreign money to home countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of remittances on economic development in Central and Eastern European countries. A review of previous research on the role of emigration and the impact of remittances on economic development is presented in the first part of the paper. This is followed by panel data analysis. The analysis covers the period after the enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 till the nowadays. The results confirm the positive and statistically significant influence of personal remittances on the economic development of the new EU member states, as well as the positive and statistically significant influence of final consumption, gross fixed capital formation, external trade balance, and foreign direct investments. The positive influence of remittances on economic development should be observed with caution, regarding that remittances are the results of emigration and also are connected with the unfavourable effects of emigration. This study adds to previous research about the significance of remittances in the economies of the new EU member states., Povezanost emigracija i ekonomskog razvoja može se sagledati prema različitim pristupima, gdje je jedno od bitnih pitanja uloga doznaka iz inozemstva, odnosno utjecaj priljeva sredstava iz inozemstva u zemljama emigracije. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj zemalja srednje i istočne Europe. Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o ulozi emigracija i utjecaju doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj prikazan je u prvom dijelu rada. Slijede rezultati panel analize. Analiza obuhvaća razdoblje nakon proširenja EU 2004. Rezultati potvrđuju pozitivan i statistički značajan utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva na ekonomski razvoj novih zemalja članica EU. Utvrđen pozitivan utjecaj doznaka iz inozemstva potrebno je promatrati s oprezom, s obzirom na to da su doznake iz inozemstva rezultat emigracija te također mogu biti povezane s negativnim učincima emigracija. Rad doprinosi dosadašnjim istraživanjima o utjecaju doznaka iz inozemstva u novim zemljama članicama EU.

The analysis of disability indicators allows to draw conclusions about both level of medical care and quality of therapeutic measures and about level of social economic development of society as a whole. Furthermore, disability is a complex problem including social, economic, medical and other components.The study is devoted to analysis of official statistical data by set of such methods as exploration and generalization of experience, analytical and statistical techniques, monographic description.The study established decreasing of total number of the disabled in the Russian Federation in 2015-2020 in absolute values with simultaneous increasing of both absolute value and share of disabled children. The analysis of the number of the disabled in the Federal Okrugs of the Russian Federation permitted to conclude about retained general trends specific to the Russian Federation. In the structure of disability among individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, share of individuals with the disability group I increased. In individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, the most common diseases are malignant neoplasms (Chapter II) and diseases of cardiovascular system (Chapter IX). Among main persistent functional disorders in individuals recognized as disabled (both for the first time and repeatedly), first rank positions are occupied by conditions encoded in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, in Chapter III (dysfunction of the blood system and immune system), Chapter XIII (violation of neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions), Chapter IX (violation of functions of cardiovascular system).Анализ значений показателей инвалидности позволяет сделать выводы не только об уровне медицинской помощи и качестве лечебных мероприятий, но и об уровне социально-экономического развития общества в целом. Кроме того, инвалидность является комплексной проблемой, включающей социальный, экономический, медицинский и другие компоненты.Настоящее исследование представляет собой анализ официальных статистических данных с использованием совокупности методов, включающей изучение и обобщение опыта, аналитические и статистические методы, метод монографического описания.В результате проведенного исследования определено снижение общего числа инвалидов в Российской Федерации в период 2015-2020 гг. в абсолютных значениях с одновременным увеличением как абсолютного значения, так и доли детей-инвалидов. Анализ численности инвалидов в федеральных округах Российской Федерации позволяет сделать вывод о сохраняющихся общих тенденциях, характерных для Российской Федерации в целом. В структуре инвалидности лиц, впервые признанных инвалидами, увеличилась доля лиц с установленной I группой инвалидности. Среди причин инвалидности у лиц, впервые признанных инвалидами, наиболее часто встречаются заболевания класса II (злокачественные новообразования) и класса IX (заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы). Среди основных вариантов стойких нарушений функций у лиц, признанных инвалидами (как впервые, так и повторно), первые ранговые места занимают состояния, кодируемые в Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, 10-го пересмотра в классах: III (в частности, нарушение функций системы крови и иммунной системы), XIII (в частности, нарушение нейромышечных, скелетных и связанных с движением функций), а также в классе IX (нарушение функций сердечно-сосудистой системы).

FNEGE 3, HCERES B, ABS 2; International audience; The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic augmented the propensity for fake news globally. Today, over 90% of the global population depends on the internet for information. However, there is an enormous difference in fake news propensity in different countries. Thus, one must understand what factors influence the propensity for fake news during the COVID-19 crisis. Leveraging prior literature on fake news, the authors theorize the relationship between human and economic development and fake news propensity within nations. They analyzed the proposed model on a dataset generated from 104 countries. The research finds that a level of human development did not affect a nation's fake news propensity, while a higher level of economic development curbed its fake news propensity. This research extends prior IS research on fake news at the macro level and aims to better inform governments and policymakers in designing future crisis-proof policies to curb fake news.

What characterizes regions where right-wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in the emerging “geography of discontent” literature claims that places that are “left behind” constitute a breeding ground for the rise of populism. We re-examine this hypothesis by analyzing the rise of populism in Germany. Our results suggest that high vote shares of populist parties are associated with the long-term decline of a region's relative welfare, which goes beyond a lifespan of people inhabiting such “left behind” places. Moreover, we are able to show that a place-based collective memory about past prosperity plays a crucial role in shaping present resentment. Finally, we find the education level of the regional population to be an important channel through which the collective memory about the past translates into populism support today.

Recent advances in food insecurity classification have made analytical approaches to predict and inform response to food crises possible. This paper develops a predictive, statistical framework to identify drivers of food insecurity risk with simulation capabilities for scenario analyses, risk assessment and forecasting purposes. It utilizes a panel vector-autoregression to model food insecurity distributions of 15 countries between October 2009 and February 2019. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods are employed to identify the most important agronomic, weather, conflict and economic variables. The paper finds that food insecurity dynamics are asymmetric and past-dependent, with low insecurity states more likely to transition to high insecurity states than vice versa. Conflict variables are more relevant for highly critical states, while agronomic and weather variables are more important for less critical states. Food prices are predictive for all cases. A Bayesian extension is introduced to incorporate expert opinions through the use of priors, which can lead to significant improvements in model performance.

The main purpose of the study is to form a methodological approach to the management system of innovative activities at enterprises in the context of their economic development. To achieve this purpose, a methodical approach was formed containing a certain set of methods, the main of which is the methodology of functional modeling and graphic representation – IDEF0. As a result, the main decompositions of our model were presented with the proposed ways to improve the management system of innovative activities at the enterprise, taking into account the main goals of economic development. Our study was presented in the work of several companies in Eastern Europe to identify its effectiveness and convenience. The flexibility of the model makes it possible to effectively apply it in the practical activities of many enterprises. The originality of the research results implies the application of the existing methodology in a new area for it, namely in the management system of innovative activities and innovative development of the enterprise. The study has several limitations, which are primarily related to the fact that, due to the conditions of the pandemic, its practical application took place exclusively at Ukrainian enterprises.

Due to the successful holding of the Winter Olympics, China’s enthusiasm for ice and snow sports has soared, and its enthusiasm for ice and snow tourism has also been further stimulated. At present, most of China’s ice and snow tourism (IST) attractions are concentrated in the three eastern provinces. At the same time, due to the increasingly harsh environment, the natural landscape of IST is also shrinking. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the strategies of IST to optimize the ecological environment and economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development. First of all, this paper makes a certain introduction to the current situation of IST. After that, the current IST resources in China were analyzed, and the three northeastern provinces were taken as the research objects, and the distribution location, traffic conditions, and development trends of IST resources were studied in detail. Then, the autoregressive model is used to fit the tourism resources and tourist growth with the economic growth, and combined with the trend shown by the economic growth model, a strategy for the sustainable development of IST is proposed. The experimental results of this paper prove that the regional system attribute of IST resources and economic growth model is between 3 and 5, and the average is about 3.6, which shows that the growth of tourism resources has a positive correlation with economic growth. Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the economic growth of the IST industry should also focus on the protection and humidity development of natural ice and snow landscapes.

Many developing countries are populated by multiple ethnic groups who use their own language in daily life and in local business, but have to use a common language in national business and in communications with other groups. In these countries, how much weights should be placed on teaching a local ethnic language and teaching a common language is a critical issue. A similar conflict arises in low-income countries in general between teaching skills that are "practical" and directly useful in local jobs, and teaching academic skills that are important in modern sector jobs. This paper develops a model to examine these questions theoretically. It is shown that balanced education of the two languages/skills is critical for skill development of those with limited wealth for education. It is also found that the balanced education brings higher earnings net of educational expenditure, only when a country has favorable conditions (TFP is reasonably high, and education, in particular, common language education [academic education] is reasonably effective) and only for those with adequate wealth. Common-language-only (academic-only) education maximizes net earnings of those with little wealth, and, when the country's conditions are not good, maximizes net earnings of all. This implies that there exists a trade-off between educational and economic outcomes for those with little wealth, and, when the conditions are not good, the trade-off exists for everyone without adequate wealth. Policy implications derived from the results too are discussed.

Ecological and environmental protection is the main problem of China’s economic construction. As one of the high-energy-consuming industries, the traditional textile printing and dyeing industry has led to great concern from all walks of life in the context of the country’s in-depth promotion of energy conservation and consumption reduction. The comprehensive development of a low-carbon economy is the fundamental guarantee for China to solve the problem of climate warming and complete the sustainable development of economic development. The traditional textile printing and dyeing industry should also change its development mode to meet the standards of low-carbon economy. Here, the connotation of low-carbon economy and the significance of promoting the low-carbon economic reform of the textile printing and dyeing industry are described, and the current situation and development trend of the low-carbon economy of China’s textile printing and dyeing industry is deeply analyzed. Taking the basic theory of garment trade and low-carbon economy as the carrier, the application of low-carbon development mode in China’s textile and garment export business process is expounded. According to the fundamental goal of sustainable development of low-carbon economy and related objectives, the adverse impact on the domestic textile and apparel export business process was discussed and eliminated from three aspects: improve the relevant legal system, enhance the development of new energy, and enhance the importance of enterprises in the relevant whole industry chain.

Ecological environmental protection and tourism development are complex systems that are inextricably linked, mutually influencing, and interdependent, forming an organic whole. The natural environment and its various natural factors constitute an ecosystem, which both is a prerequisite for regional tourism development and has a certain impact on the regional ecosystem. The development of tourism must take the protection of the natural environment as the premise, the protection of ecological environment must be throughout the whole process of tourism development, and the principles and methods of system science must be used to solve this problem. Tourism is an important strategic support for the development of China’s national economy. However, with the rapid increase in the number of tourists, tourist attractions are also facing unprecedented pressure. Tourism and its related industries are a complex and open system that consists of economic, social, and ecological environment; policy; technology; and other factors. By analyzing the interrelationship of each element in the tourism sustainable development system, we can provide a scientific basis for sustainable tourism development.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of green energy consumption (GEC), foreign direct investment (FDI), green innovation technology (GIT), and environmental pollution (EP) on economic growth (EG) of selected South Asian countries under the sustainable development goal (SDGs) number seven (7). This study uses panel annual data set from world development indicators (WDI) and OECD statistics for twenty-one (21) years starting from 2000 to 2020. This study applies dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) for data analysis and long-run relationship among variables. The findings of our study states that FDI, green energy consumption, and green innovation technology have positive effect among selected sample countries. However, it is noted that environmental degradation has adverse effect on economic growth.

ÖZTürkiye’de planlamaya dayalı iktisadi kalkınmanın ilk örneğini 1934 yılında uygulamaya konulan Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı oluşturmaktadır. İlerleyen yıllarda devam eden planlama girişimleri sonunda 1961 yılında Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı’nın kurulmasıyla birlikte Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planları uygulamaya konulmuştur. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında iktisadi büyüme, sektörel büyüme, istihdam, yaşam koşulları, adalet vb. birçok konulara yer verilmektedir. Ülkelerin ileriki dönemde izleyecekleri politikalar için yol haritası niteliği taşıması bakımından önemi büyüktür. Türkiye’de uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında vergi politikalarına da geniş ölçüde yer verilmekte olup genel olarak belirlenen hedefler; vergi hasılatının artırılması, vergi adaletinin sağlanması ve verginin tabana yayılması gibi başlıklarda toplanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1980-2000 yılları arasında uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikaları hedefleri ve bu hedeflerin gerçekleşme durumları değerlendirilmiştir. İlk olarak her plan kapsamında plan dönemine ilişkin hedefler ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş ve son olarak öne çıkan vergi politikası hedefleri çerçevesinde bütüncül bir yaklaşımla genel durum ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikalarına ilişkin hedeflere ulaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İktisadi Kalkınma, Vergi Politikaları, Kalkınma PlanıJEL Sınıflandırması: O23, O29, H30, The first example of economic development based on planning in Turkey is the First Five-Year Industrial Plan, which was implemented in 1934. As a result of the ongoing planning initiatives in the following years, the State Planning Organization was established in 1961 and the Five-Year Development Plans were implement. In the Five-Year Development Plans many topics has been included such as economic growth, sectoral growth, employment, living conditions, justice, etc.. It has been of great importance as it can be a road map for the policies that countries will follow in the future. Tax policies has been also widely included in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented in Turkey. In addition, in these plans the goals has set in general; It has been collected under the headings such as increasing tax revenue, ensuring tax justice and spreading the tax to the base. In this study, the tax policy targets in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented between 1980-2000 and the realization of these targets has been evaluated. The former, within the scope of each plan, the targets for the plan period has been evaluated separately, and the latter, the general situation has been revealed with a holistic approach within the framework of the prominent tax policy targets. As a result, it is seen that the targets regarding tax policies in the Five-Year Development Plans have not been achieved.Key Words: Economic Development, Tax Policies, Development PlanJEL Classification: O23, O29, H30

Environmental technology and the stringency of environmental policies have a certain effect on green growth in the country, and the sustainable development of the environment under the influence of green growth requires the effective application of the environmental technology based on such institutional policies related to the environment. In this paper, the mutual effect of green growth on the ecological environment is fully analyzed to identify an intrinsic link between them. Based on the intrinsic link, policies related to environment protection and environmental technology are conducive to facilitating green growth while at the same time playing a continuous role in the improvement of the environment. Driven by the factors of scientific and technological innovation, it can boost the harmonious development of the economy and the environment. The empirical evidence has demonstrated that the appropriate environmental policy and environmental technology model can be identified with full understanding of the environmental policy and environmental technology. At the same time, the industry drive and technological innovation can also be taken as a strong support for the environmental policy and the environmental technology in accordance with the market demand through research from the perspective of the government, the market, and the general public. The stringency of environmental policies has substantially increased the requirements of environmental technology, and the innovation of environmental technology, the structure of economic organizations, and the level of development have a great effect on the green growth in the country.

Mineral resource policy deals not only with industrial and trade aspects but is nowadays also increasingly concerned with topics such as environmental protection and social development. The tensions associated with strongly divergent opinions among various stakeholder groups cast it as a ‘wicked problem’. The process of redeveloping the ‘Austrian Mineral Resources Strategy’ allows for examination of the different frames and identification of potential frame conflicts in consultation processes at the national level. Using Q-methodology, this paper reveals four frames represented in the Austrian policy design process and unravels conflicts between economy-focused and integrated policy framings. The predominance of the first frame indicates a narrow sectoral approach favouring domestic mineral extraction and economic growth over other means (e.g. international distributional conflicts of benefits and burdens). The article also demonstrates the suitability of Q-methodology as a tool to investigate frames and to improve their understanding in policy design processes.

While the general environmental quality level continues to decline in today's global economy, aggregate energy consumption levels are often linked to countries' economic growth and environmental performances, thereby overlooking the specific roles of individual energy types. Thus, this study focuses on examining nuclear energy consumption-growth nexus in 27 selected nuclear energy-consuming countries across the globe. The system GMM estimator was applied to available post-2008 global financial crisis data spanning from 2010 to 2020 while accounting for influential factor inputs (labor and capital) within the framework of the traditional growth model. The results posit that both capital and labor significantly induce economic growth levels among the countries, while nuclear energy consumption is not a significant driver of growth levels despite some evidence of its positive roles. Hence, more investments in nuclear energy production are recommended to trigger an overall consumption level that will not only yield significant desirable economic growth impacts among the countries but also enhance possible environmental benefits in contrast to the growing environmentally detrimental fossil energy consumption among the countries.

The excessive emission of carbon dioxide will bring unpredictable ecological crisis, so it is particularly urgent to study the related factors of carbon emissions. Based on the grey correlation model, 31 factors in 5 aspects are selected as the reference frame for low-carbon governance, and the grey correlation degree of urban carbon emissions is calculated by using the IPCC method to calculate the annual carbon emissions of 9 major cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2019. Through the calculation and analysis of panel data, the following conclusions are drawn: The allocation of urban environmental practitioners is an important factor in carbon governance, and the reasonable and scientific allocation of environmental practitioners can have a significant impact on low-carbon development; the relationship between the amount of industrial power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is not significant. On the contrary, the power consumption of urban residents can well reflect the level of carbon emissions. High residential power consumption means that the living standard of the people in the region is high, and the corresponding resource and energy consumption is large, so the carbon emissions will increase; the size of population density is particularly important for carbon governance, which is more obvious in economically developed areas. Urban economic development will inevitably lead to the improvement of people’s quality of life, a stronger demand for resources, and a significant increase in carbon emissions.

Resumo Esta pesquisa usou dados cross-section, centrados em 2016, para analisar o efeito da distribuição dos gastos públicos e de certas preferências econômicas, demográficas e políticas no desenvolvimento dos municípios de Minas Gerais (i.e.: Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social - IMRS) e suas subdimensões (i.e.: educação, saúde, vulnerabilidade social, segurança, saneamento/habitação/meio ambiente e cultura/esporte/lazer). Para tanto, as variáveis foram selecionadas via Extreme Bounds Analysis - EBA e estimaram-se modelos econométricos-espaciais. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento é típico de cidades menores, afastadas da capital (mais seguras), com maior proporção de idosos (menos sujeitos à criminalidade), menor fecundidade (traço de locais seguros e menos vulneráveis), boa autonomia tributária (atributo das áreas menos vulneráveis, com mais saneamento e cultura/lazer), menores gastos em educação e administração pública e maiores em habitação. Ademais, os resultados minimizam a importância do Estado (i.e.: prefeituras) e do perfil produtivo local no desenvolvimento e revelam externalidades negativas associadas à capital estadual. Abstract This research used cross-section data, from 2016, to analyze the effect of public spending distribution and some economic, demographic and political preferences on municipalities’ development from Minas Gerais (i.e.: Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social - IMRS) and their sub-dimensions (i.e.: education, health, social vulnerability, security, sanitation/housing/environment and culture/sport/leisure). Thus, the variables were selected by Extreme Bounds Analysis - EBA and econometric-spatial models were estimated. The results indicate that development is typical from smaller cities, far from the capital (safer), with higher elderly people proportion (less subject to crime), lower fertility (trait of safer and less vulnerable places), good tax autonomy (attribute of less vulnerable areas, with more sanitation and culture/leisure), lower spending on education and public administration and higher on housing. Furthermore, the results minimize the state (i.e.: municipal administration) and the local productive profile relevance on development and reveal negative externalities from the state capital.

This article examines the role of institutions in economic development from a new perspective based on the social contract between the government and the individuals in any society. The basic element in this social contract is to improve the living standards of all the members of society, as it is impossible to imagine that a rational society would vote for the deterioration of the well-being of its members. Meanwhile, the laws enacted by the governments disrupt economic activities at times and create rent for some interest groups in society. In this regard, the necessity of forming institutions to observe the element of justice in economic and financial laws is revealed. Therefore, the role of private sector associations in forming collective bodies gains further significance. We also discuss the role of private sector associations in Iran in formulating rules, regulations, and laws.

This paper complements the literature on the determinants of tax revenue mobilization by providing an important first step on the impact of women's political empowerment on tax revenue mobilization in developing countries. A sample of 66 countries for the period 1995 to 2019 were used to estimate the results using fixed effects techniques and the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results indicate that women's political empowerment has a positive effect on tax collection in developing countries. This effect is attributed to improved governance and institutional quality, as well as the provision of essential goods and services, which enhance tax compliance and expand the tax base. This finding is robust to several robustness tests, specifically changing the definitions of women's empowerment, disaggregating tax revenues, adding additional control variables, and exploring heterogeneity. Furthermore, the analysis of transmission mechanisms provides evidence that better governance and institutional quality on the one hand and increased public spending, especially on education, on the other, are channeled through which women's political empowerment positively affects tax revenues in developing countries. To meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the inclusion and empowerment of women, particularly in the political arena, is a transition to investing in fiscal capacity, promoting governance and thereby improving tax collection in developing countries.

Rad se bavi utjecajem ESI fondova na razvoj poduzetništva na primjeru Požeško-slavonske županije. Republika Hrvatska je kao punopravna članica ostvarila mogućnost korištenja sredstava iz EU fondova što je Hrvatskoj omogućilo veliki napredak posebice zbog sufinanciranja projekata vezanih uz poticanje poduzetništva i razvoj poduzetničke infrastrukture. Europska unija pomoću raznih mjera i politika doprinosi poticanju i razvoju poduzetništva. Edukacije i radionice na tu temu su neizostavne jer na taj način sudionici kroz vježbe i iskustva dobiju najbolju predodžbu o samom poduzetništvu, poduzetničkim procesima i odlukama. ESI fondovi je skupni naziv za sljedećih pet fondova: Europski fond za regionalni razvoj, Europski socijalni fond, Kohezijski fond, Europski fond za pomorstvo i ribarstvo te Europski poljoprivredni fond za ruralni razvoj. Kod primjera Požeško-slavonske županije posebice je potrebno istaknuti Europski fond za regionalni razvoj (EFRR) kojim su financirani projekti poput E-inkubatora u Pleternici. Iako Požeško-slavonska županija ima trend emigracije stanovništva, programi i izvješća koji su planirani za nadolazeće godine usmjereni su prema poticanju poduzetništva i obrtništva, motiviranju mladih ljudi da se okrenu poduzetničkim pothvatima te stvaranju pozitivne poduzetničke klime. Putem kvalitetnih i inovativnih programa i projekata koji se provode, Požeško-slavonska županija jača poduzetništvo te svoje gospodarstvo u cjelini. The paper deals with the influence of ESI funds on the development of entrepreneurship on the example of Požega-Slavonia County. As a full member, the Republic of Croatia has the possibility to use EU funds. That enabled Croatia to make great progress, especially due the cofinancing of projects related to the encouragement of entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial infrastructure. The European Union contributes to the encouragement and development of entrepreneurship through various measures and policies. Education and workshops on this topic are indispensable, because in this way, through exercises and experiences, participants get the best idea about entrepreneurship itself, entrepreneurial processes and decisions. ESI funds are collective names for the following five funds: European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund, Cohesion Fund, European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. With the example of the Požega-Slavonska County, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which financed projects such as the E-incubator in Pleternica, was particularly highlighted. Although the Požega-Slavonia County has a trend of population emigration, the programs and reports planned for the coming years are aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and craftsmanship, motivating young people to turn to entrepreneurial ventures to create a positive entrepreneurial climate. Through quality and innovative programs and projects that are implemented, Požega- Slavonia County strengthens entrepreneurship and its economy as a whole.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth for a dataset of Latin American and Asian developing countries between 2001 and 2019. Method: This research employed an empirical approach to analyze the statistical relationship between financial development and economic growth, by presenting an estimation of a system of simultaneous equations for a panel of Asian and Latin American countries using 3SLS. Main Results: The results presented in this research provided evidence that financial development does not appear to have a significant impact on economic growth, although growth appears to have a significant and positive influence on financial development. Moreover, the results also suggested that regulatory quality and domestic credit directed to the private sector have a positive effect on economic growth, while urbanization and education showed a negative influence on growth. The estimated model also indicated that urbanization has a positive influence on financial development while foreign direct investment presented a negative effect on the development of the financial sector. Relevance / Originality: Most of the research agenda on the topic of finance and growth has focused on identifying correlation or causality between these variables, with little attention given to the simultaneous relationship between them. This is still a clear gap in economic literature. Following this premise, the objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and growth by estimating a system of simultaneous equations using the Zellner and Theil’s (1962) 3SLS methodology. In this sense, the main contribution will be given empirically, based on data and analysis from emerging countries in Latin America and Asia. The fact that financial development has an influence on growth and growth plays a role on the development of the financial sector indicates a simultaneous relationship between these variables. Another relevant contribution is to update the debate on financial systems and economic development for emerging countries, highlighting institutional aspects and financial cycles. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: The main contribution of this study is in the empirical strategy, whose results dialogue with part of the literature on the financial system and development presented along the text. That is, this research explored the statistical relationship between economic development and financial development for a sample composed by twenty-two Asian and Latin American emerging countries, using a simultaneous equations model., Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação bidirecional entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento econômico para um conjunto de dados de países em desenvolvimento da América Latina e da Ásia entre 2001 e 2019. Método: Esta pesquisa empregou uma abordagem empírica para analisar a relação estatística entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento econômico, apresentando uma estimativa de um sistema de equações simultâneas para dados em painel de países asiáticos e latino-americanos usando MQ3E. Principais Resultados: Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa forneceram evidências de que o desenvolvimento financeiro não parece ter impacto significativo no crescimento econômico, embora este apresente influência significativa e positiva no desenvolvimento financeiro. Além disso, os resultados também sugeriram que a qualidade regulatória e o crédito doméstico direcionado ao setor privado têm efeito positivo sobre o crescimento econômico, enquanto a urbanização e a educação apresentaram influência negativa sobre o crescimento. O modelo estimado também indicou que a urbanização apresentou influência positiva sobre o desenvolvimento financeiro enquanto o investimento estrangeiro direto apresentou efeito negativo no desenvolvimento do setor financeiro. Relevância / Originalidade: A maior parte das pesquisas sobre sistema financeiro e crescimento econômico tem se concentrado em identificar correlação ou causalidade entre essas variáveis, com pouca atenção dada à relação simultânea entre elas. Esta ainda é uma lacuna na literatura econômica. Seguindo essa premissa, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação bidirecional entre desenvolvimento financeiro e crescimento por meio da estimação de um sistema de equações simultâneas usando a metodologia de MQ3E, de Zellner e Theil (1962). Nesse sentido, a principal contribuição será dada empiricamente, com base em dados e análises de países emergentes da América Latina e Ásia. O fato de o desenvolvimento financeiro influenciar o crescimento e o crescimento influenciar o desenvolvimento do setor financeiro indica uma relação simultânea entre essas variáveis. Outra contribuição relevante é atualizar o debate sobre sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico para países emergentes, destacando aspectos institucionais e ciclos financeiros. Contribuições teóricas / Metodológicas: A principal contribuição deste estudo está na estratégia empírica, cujos resultados dialogam com parte da literatura sobre sistema financeiro e desenvolvimento econômico apresentada ao longo do texto. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa explorou a relação estatística entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento financeiro para uma amostra composta de 22 países emergentes asiáticos e latino-americanos, utilizando um modelo de equações simultâneas.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of Najran University in achieving economic development in the region. Theoretical framework: Universities are specialized scientific institutions to prepare manpower qualified to work in the various developmental economic sectors by providing learners and workers with specialized economic knowledge, competencies, and the necessary practical technical skills. This enables them to interact positively with the requirements of development in the digital world. However, the failure of universities to keep pace with the growing intellectual, scientific, and economic development, and linking this to development issues and the renewable needs of society is a shortcoming in the aspired roles that the university should play. Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve the aim of the study, the study used the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire was used as a tool for the study and included (20) items. After verifying the tool's validity and reliability, it was distributed to the study sample, (441) faculty members at Najran University. Findings: The study concluded that Najran University has a high role in achieving economic development in the region. Also, there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of (0.05) between the responses of the study sample according to the variables of gender and academic rank. In addition, there were statistically significant differences at the significance level of (0.05) according to the specialization variable in favor of scientific disciplines. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study implicates the role of economic development that university should play in the community. Originality/Value: The study identifies the role of Najran University in achieving economic development, so that colleges, scientific departments, and academic programs realize the reality of their role in this field and work to improve the less effective roles. This serves as an introduction to a comprehensive perception of what other universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia should do.

The Remote Online Initiative (ROI) was a legislative response to growing unemployment and limited job opportunities in rural Utah. The ROI program seeks to reduce unemployment in rural Utah communities via remote job placements. Since 2018, the ROI program has expanded to include three flagship certificate courses – Certified Remote Work Professional (CRWP), Certified Remote Work Leader (CRWL), and Certified Tech Sales Professional (CTSP). To date, evaluation results show that 411 Utah graduates found remote jobs after completing the CRWP course, 55% of participants said their department created a remote work environment and hired, on average, 19 remote employees upon completing the CRWL course, and MarketStar hired two CRWP graduates after they completed the CTSP course.

The What’s Up Down South economic summit is southern Utah’s largest business gathering. The event provides the business community with economic insights to assist them in making informed decisions. USU Extension evaluated the 27th annual What's Up Down South economic summit. Results showed the event was an effective platform for disseminating information and advancing knowledge on economic and business topics. Participants felt the summit provided a valuable experience to the business community. These findings support the continuation of the summit's information dissemination activities in the future.

This article presents the main features of the life and work of Celso Furtado, paying special attention to the most important aspects of his scholarly contributions in the fields of the history, theory and policy of economic development. Celso Furtado has played a crucial role in the definition of the tenets and programme of the un Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA – CEPAL) in the early 1950’s. His technical and political experience in this commission would be further implemented throughout his career as officer and minister responsible for the development of economic policies in Brazil, before the military coup in 1964, which would imply Furtado’s exile. He took large advantages from that political experience, namely as regards the development of his theoretical and doctrinal contributions. He also proved to be quite influential on Portuguese authors who read Furtado aiming at the use of his arguments as a doctrinal framework for economic development in Portugal at the final stage of the authoritarian regime. This article focuses in particular this less known aspect of the influence of Furtado in Portuguese social scientists., Este artigo revisita os principais traços biográficos de Celso Furtado e recorda os aspetos mais salientes da sua vasta obra nos domínios da história, teoria e política do desenvolvimento económico. Celso Furtado desempenhou papel crucial na fixação do ideário da Comissão Económica das Nações Unidas para a América Latina (CEPAL) no início da década de 1950. A sua experiência técnica e política neste organismo viria a ser aplicada e aprofundada na ação que protagonizou como responsável ministerial de políticas de desenvolvimento económico no Brasil, até ao golpe militar que o levou ao exílio em 1964. Dessa experiência colheu ensinamentos para a sua obra de natureza teórica e doutrinal, a qual teve significativo impacto junto de autores portugueses que leram Celso Furtado na perspetiva da utilização do seu testemunho em benefício do desenvolvimento económico em Portugal, nos anos finais do Estado Novo. O presente artigo destaca este aspeto menos conhecido da influência de Celso Furtado em cientistas sociais portugueses.

An analysis of the research, innovation and technology transfer environment carried out by the European Commission ranks Romania in one of the last places in Europe, mentioning the lack of investments in research, especially at the level of modern infrastructure and equipment, among the most important reasons. On the other hand, Romanian universities must face the competition at the international and the European level, in order to face the technical and socio-economic challenges both at the societal level, and with respect to the inherent technological evolutions. Under these conditions, this article presents a case study of a top university in Romania that has, for the first time in its history as an EU member, successfully implemented European structural funding investment and research grant for building a new advanced research institute at the level of excellence compatible with the most demanding expectations in the field of horticulture, and is using it in accordance with the standards of the European Research Area. In an analysis of the results of all horticultural labs covered by the new institute, also from a perspective of cross-cutting collaboration between them, during a 5-year study of sustainability, the model presented demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of European structural funds in the field of scientific research. It is a real success of advanced research, innovation, development, and technology transfer, which can be adopted by any other university in the EU.

Objective: Critical success factors models for SMEs provide information to SMEs that were utilized to develop policies and strategies for best business practices that will mitigate failures. The objective was to review SME articles and books to identify CSFs influencing their success.Design: The article reviewed the literature on SMEs and identified critical success factors that influence the success of SMEs across locations and industries. Findings: Twenty-five critical success factors of SMEs were identified, and many more are considered part of them. Policy Implications: The paper will enable entrepreneurship researchers to understand the CSFs for application as variables in future CSFs models and SME operators for best business practices to reduce failure and grow/develop economies. Originality: The article is an exhaustive literature review of SME articles and books identifying the CSFs influencing their success.

El propósito del presente trabajo, tiene como punto acial tener certeza del concepto de puerto seco en Colombia, su naturaleza jurídica forma de aplicación y tener como conclusión la finalidad de su uso, y los efectos que conlleva en la costumbre mercantil la practica en las relaciones comerciales ventajas y desventajas de su utilización y determinar si ese uso da como resultado un beneficio para las operaciones mercantiles, de acuerdo a la plataforma logística identificada. Los puertos secos en Colombia son puntos estratégicos mono o multimodales regulados por el Código de Comercio, cuya finalidad es reglamentar los puertos de transporte en el país. Estas zonas específicas se utilizan para controlar, verificar e inspeccionar la mercancía que ingresa al territorio colombiano y optimizar el cumplimiento de las leyes aduaneras y de la soberanía del estado. Los puertos secos son atípicos y su respaldo legal proviene de la costumbre mercantil, así como de las regulaciones que el Ministerio de Transporte emite mediante decretos. La creación de zonas francas ha fortalecido la regulación de los puertos secos y ha permitido que las entidades estatales cumplan con el verdadero propósito de estas plataformas. El artículo 150 de la Constitución Política de Colombia establece las funciones que debe ejercer el Congreso para regular el comercio exterior y señalar el régimen de cambio internacional, entre otras. También se analizara la implementación de la Política Nacional Logística en Colombia y el apoyo del Ministerio de Transporte a proyectos que buscan atender el mercado de servicios logísticos mediante el desarrollo de Infraestructuras Logísticas Especializadas, como plataformas logísticas intermodales. Aunque es el sector privado el principal interesado en el desarrollo y operación de estas plataformas, el Ministerio de Transporte ha apoyado la realización de estudios de factibilidad y prefactibilidad en diversas zonas del país. También se mencionan algunas iniciativas privadas, como las Plataformas Logísticas de Flandes y Bosconia. Luego, se realiza un análisis comparativo sobre los Puertos Secos, donde se mencionan sus debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas. The purpose of this paper is to be certain of the concept of dry port in Colombia, its legal nature, form of application, and to have as a conclusion the purpose of its use, and the effects that the practice entails in commercial custom in relationships. commercial advantages and disadvantages of its use and determine if this use results in a benefit for commercial operations, according to the identified logistics platform. This paper examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of dry ports, which are specialized logistics infrastructures that offer an alternative to conventional port operations. The study highlights the high costs of dry port operation due to factors such as poor road conditions, as well as the potential benefits of using these facilities for nationalizing and decongesting goods. Additionally, the paper explores the tax treatment of dry ports under Colombian law, specifically the exemption of taxes during the period in which goods are held in these facilities Especialista en Derecho Tributario http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Especialización

This article explored the impact of eco-friendly houses on economic development in the Lisbon metropolitan area. The study analyzed data from 18 municipalities between 2014 and 2020 using regression analysis with ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects. The results indicate that national policies promoting residential energy efficiency positively impact economic development. Policies like subsidies, loans, and tax relief encourage homeowners to invest in energy-efficient technologies, boosting household disposable income and contributing to economic growth. The study found that an increase in the number of new constructions positively impacts economic development, leading to job creation and increased demand for construction materials and services. Additionally, growing eco-friendly houses can reduce energy consumption, lowering energy costs for homeowners and businesses and ultimately stimulating economic growth. In contrast, increasing the number of non-eco-friendly houses can have negative economic impacts. A robustness check using the method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) confirmed the results from OLS with fixed effects, providing additional evidence supporting the robustness of the results.

RESUMO Até agora, a reivindicação de profundas reformas institucionais na economia brasileira não levou a grandes mudanças. O consenso sobre questões amplas, como menor interferência e controle do governo, tem se mostrado insuficiente para dar mais impulso a essas reformas ao longo dos anos noventa. Pretende-se resumir algumas questões básicas, que podem ajudar a uma melhor avaliação das possibilidades de resolução dos conflitos de interesse em tempo oportuno. As divergências, em muitos casos, são mais uma questão de tempo e grau do que de substância. Nesse sentido, cabe ressaltar que um acordo prévio sobre alguns princípios básicos, ao lado das proposições do escritor italiano Ítalo Calvino para o próximo milênio, será de grande ajuda. ABSTRACT Up to now the claim for deep institutional reforms in the Brazilian economy did not lead to major changes. The consensus on broad issues, such as less government interference and control, has proved not to be sufficient to give more impetus to these reforms over the nineties. It is intended to summarize some basic questions, which might help to further appraisal of the chances to solve the conflicts of interest in due times. The divergences, in many cases, are more a matter of time and degree than of substance. For that matter, it is pointed out that a previous agreement on some basic principles, alongside the propositions advanced by Italian writer Ítalo Calvino for the next millennium, will be of great help.

We are transitioning from paper cash to digital currency in this new era of digitalization, where the world is moving quicker with the advancement of the digital revolution. With the invention of the Internet and the digital world, one of society's most crucial aspects, namely, monetary exchange, is likewise shifting from physical to digital. Many operations in our everyday lives have been combined online as a result of the fast growth of information and communication technology by making them more flexible and effective. A massive development in the increase of internet users has reactivated virtual concepts and generated a new commercial phenomenon known as digital money, which is used to expedite financial transactions such as buying, selling, and trading. Online trading and settlement technologies are transforming the world's transaction procedures. India is anticipating a slew of innovative government interventions. The technique and problems of transactions are changing as a result of the introduction of digital money into the globe. This research study attempts to examine the current state of digital/virtual currencies, as well as their potential influence on developing economies such as India and perception of individuals on the digital transactions. The study aims to determine the primary impact of digital currency on individuals, businesses, financial institutions, and other important aspects of the economy. Keywords: Virtual currency, Indian Economy, Economic Development, Digital Payments. Title: An Empirical study on Impact of Digital Currency and Digital transactions Author: Chandrashekar, Dr. T.S. Devaraja International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023 Page No: 222-238 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 19-June-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055302 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/an-empirical-study-on-impact-of-digital-currency-and-digital-transactions, International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, ISSN 2348-7585 (Online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com

RESUMO Neste artigo, o autor oferece uma estratégia de desenvolvimento alternativa à de substituição de importações, orientada pelo estado, liderada pelo estado, mas também à “nova ortodoxia da década de 1980” - a abordagem neoliberal. Essa alternativa é baseada na experiência dos países europeus e particularmente dos tigres asiáticos, que ele chama de GEICs (países em industrialização com crescimento com equidade). Esses países foram capazes de se desenvolver combinando altas taxas de crescimento com uma distribuição razoável de renda. Essa “caixa postal” é nula na América Latina. Se construirmos uma matriz de duas entradas, tendo nas linhas a taxa de crescimento (baixa ou alta) e nos dois pontos o grau de patrimônio líquido (ruim ou razoável), e traçarmos os países latino-americanos nessa matriz, a caixa “alta taxa de crescimento razoável do patrimônio” será anulada. Se a América Latina conseguir preencher essa caixa, as economias aumentarão, o progresso técnico será acelerado e o crescimento será retomado. ABSTRACT In this paper the author offers an alternative development strategy to the previous import substitution inner oriented, state led one, but also to the “new orthodoxy of the 1980’s”- the neoliberal approach. This alternative is based on the experience of European countries and particularly of the Asian Tigers, that he calls GEICs (Growth with Equity Industrializing Countries). These countries were able to develop combining high rates of growth with a reasonable distribution of income. This “mail box” is void in Latin America. If we build a two entry matrix having in the lines the growth rate (low or high) and in the colons the degree of equity (bad or reasonable), and we plot the Latin American countries in this matrix, the box “high rate of growth-reasonable degree of equity” will be void. If Latin America is able to fill this box, savings will increase, technical progress will be accelerated, growth will be resumed.

A full-scale invasion of Ukraine became a challenge not only for it, but also for the whole world, which has not yet overcome the consequences of the covid pandemic. Rethinking approaches to assessing the impact of military actions on the economy requires the development of new theoretical foundations and practical recommendations. Previous experience cannot be used, including as a result of changes due to globalization processes.The modern world is characterized by openness and interdependence at all levels - from economic to social. That is why blocking ports in Ukraine can cause famine in African countries. The influence of civil society affects the economic behavior of international corporations, which are forced to leave the market of the Russian Federation not only because of sanctions, but also to preserve the image and loyalty of consumers. The creation of a single European space currently also requires the formation of a single line of behavior in relation to Ukraine and Russia. This is far from a complete list of the latest relationships that shape the modern world and affect the economy.Currently, Ukraine suffers losses every day, the amount of which cannot be fully estimated. This is hindered by the incompleteness of information, the continuation of hostilities, and the inconsistency of existing methods with the current situation.In the article, based on the analysis of the existing situation and existing challenges, the concept of a fast state is proposed. The idea grounds the socio-economic state's development on the maximum promotion of entrepreneurial activity. It is based on a synergistic effect when the introduction of business opportunities will stimulate the creation of new workplaces, the growth of incomes, and with them, the expenses of the population, which in turn will boost the opening of new enterprises and the development of existing ones. The central, new idea of a fast state is to concentrate not on raising taxes but on reducing them as much as possible and filling the budget due to the growth of entrepreneurial activity, and not on increasing levies on those that are still functioning. Also, the research makes the point that the reconstruction of the state in the context of a fast state will be built based on finding one's own innovative trajectory of development and not on the adaptation of best practices focused on the catch-up nature of such action., Повномасштабне вторгнення в Україну стало викликом не тільки для нашої країни, а й для всього світу, який ще не подолав наслідки пандемії ковіду. Переосмислення підходів до оцінки впливу військових дій на економіку потребує виопрацювання нових теоретичних основ та практичних рекомендацій. Попередній досвід не може бути використаний, в тому числі внаслідок глобалізаційних змін. Сучасний світ характеризується відкритістю та взаємозалежністю на всіх рівнях - від економічного до соціального. Саме тому блокування портів в Україні може спричинити голод в країнах Афріки. Вплив громадянського суспільства впливає на економічну поведінку міжнародних корпорацій, які змушені виходити з ринку Російської Федерації не тільки через санкції, а й задля збереження іміджу та лояльності споживачів. Створення єдиного європейського простору наразі також вимагає формування єдиної лінії поведінки по відношенню до України та Росії. Це далеко не повний перелік новітніх взаємозв' язків, що формують сучасний світ та впливають на економіку.Наразі Україна щодня зазнає збитків, розмір яких не можна оцінити в повній мірі. Цьому перешкоджає неповнота інформації, продовження бойових дій, невідповідність існуючих методик оцінки ситуації, що склалась. В статті на основі аналізу української економіко-політичної ситуації та наявних викликів запропоновано концепт швидкої держави, який базуватиметься на соціально-економічній розбудові держави на засадах максимального сприяння підприємницькій діяльності, як такій, що повинна створити синергетичний ефект, коли запровадження можливостей для бізнесу стимулюватиме створення нових робочих місць, зростання доходів, а з ними і витрат населення, що у свою чергу спричинить відкриття нових підприємств, та розвиток існуючих. Центральною, новою ідеєю швидкої держави є концентрація не на підвищенні податків, а на максимальному їх зниженні й наповненні бюджету за рахунок зростання підприємницької активності. Акцентовано, що відбудова держави в контексті швидкої держави грунтуватиметься на засадах віднайдення власної інноваційної траєкторії розвитку, а не на адаптації кращих практик, орієнтованих на наздоганяючий характер такого розвитку.

The present research paper is an attempt to understand and analyze the trade scenario between India and South Africa. Close associations between these two countries, strategic ties, cultural and social affinity developed between the two nations post-apartheid enabled both of them to enjoy amicable and mutual support for each other. The burgeoning economic and trade relationship between the two countries is taking this age long old relationship to a new direction. Post-apartheid, several of the investment led by the Government of India and many by the private sector players has opened up a plethora of growth and development opportunities between the two countries. In a way, it has injected a new rigor in the bilateral relationships between both the countries. The current as well as the future investment that are aimed at by these countries holds immense promise for taking millions and millions out of poverty from their respective nations. This research work is aimed at analyzing the change in trade scenario that has taken place in the last few decades between the two nations and have accelerated the pace of development in the two countries owing to substantial increase in the investment patterns across various sectors of the economy by different companies of both the countries. The research work also tries to highlight the export and import index values between the two nations. Keywords: Economic Development, Export, Import, Investment Scenario, Post-WTO Regime. Title: A REVIEW OF SCENARIO OF TRADE BETWEEN INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Author: Dr Prashant Saxena, Dr Abhishek Pandey International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM) ISSN 2349-7807 Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023 Page No: 47-56 Paper Publications Website: www.paperpublications.org Published Date: 10-June-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8023094 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/A%20REVIEW%20OF%20SCENARIO%20OF%20TRADE-10062023-4.pdf, International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM), ISSN 2349-7807, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.org

Turizam je danas globalna industrija koja svake godine uključuje stotine milijuna ljudi u međunarodna i domaća putovanja. Turizam spada u najdinamičnije gospodarske grane i predstavlja važan generator prihoda, zapošljavanja i razvoja. Turizam pruža ne samo zabavu i zadovoljstvo putnicima, već ima i šire društvene, kulturne i ekonomske implikacije. Kao ključni faktor za mnoge zemlje, turizam privlači strane investicije i generira prihode od posjetitelja. Razvoj turizma stvara nova radna mjesta i potiče rast drugih sektora kao što su ugostiteljstvo, prijevoz, trgovina i kulturne industrije. Međutim, istovremeno turizam nosi i određene izazove. Prekomjerni turizam može imati negativne ekološke posljedice, uključujući onečišćenje okoliša, degradaciju prirodnih resursa i prekomjernu potrošnju vode i energije. Uzimajući u obzir ove izazove, održivi razvoj turizma postaje sve važniji. Održivi turizam promiče odgovorno putovanje, s naglaskom na zaštitu okoliša, očuvanje kulturne baštine i poboljšanje kvalitete života lokalnih zajednica. Implementacija održivih praksi može pomoći u očuvanju prirodnih i kulturnih bogatstava te potaknuti ekonomski razvoj na lokalnoj razini., Tourism is a global industry today that involves hundreds of millions of people in international and domestic travel every year. Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors and represents a significant generator of revenue, employment, and development. Tourism provides not only entertainment and pleasure to travelers but also has broader social, cultural, and economic implications. As a key factor for many countries, tourism attracts foreign investments and generates income from visitors. The development of tourism creates new jobs and stimulates growth in other sectors such as hospitality, transportation, trade, and cultural industries. However, at the same time, tourism also presents certain challenges. Excessive tourism can have negative environmental consequences, including pollution, degradation of natural resources, and excessive consumption of water and energy. Considering these challenges, sustainable tourism development is becoming increasingly important. Sustainable tourism promotes responsible travel, with an emphasis on environmental protection, preservation of cultural heritage, and improvement of the quality of life for local communities. The implementation of sustainable practices can help preserve natural and cultural resources and stimulate economic development at the local level.

Ports are geographical phenomena that materialize the interrelationships of producer and consumer spaces. In the current stage of capitalism, they become central elements, accounting for over 90% of international trade. In Brazil, the sector is characterized by a cyclical process of higher/lower investment. However, the period marked by radical changes in the sector at a world level occurs together with changes in the international financing policy and in the State’s indebtedness. New leaders start to command the country, imposing cost-cutting policies. Ports become strangulation nodes that only began to be faced after the 2000s, with state funding, public-private partnerships and new legislation. Although they need to mature, the initial results cast perspective for a new port map. Thus, we aim to investigate this new spatial dynamic, its genesis, process and perspective. We considered bibliographical references on the subject in international and national context, as well as data from official bodies. Resumen Los puertos son fenómenos eminentemente geográficos que materializan las interrelaciones de los espacios productores. En la etapa actual del capitalismo, se convierten en elementos centrales, representando más del 90% del comercio internacional. En Brasil, el sector se caracteriza por un proceso cíclico de mayor/menor inversión. Sin embargo, el período marcado por cambios radicales en el sector a nivel mundial se suma a cambios en la política financiera internacional y en el endeudamiento del Estado. Nuevos líderes comienzan a dominar el país, imponiendo políticas de reducción de costos. Los puertos se convierten en nodos de estrangulamiento que solo comenzaron a enfrentarse después de la década de 2000, con financiamiento estatal, asociaciones público-privadas y nueva legislación. Aunque necesitan madurar, los resultados iniciales arrojan perspectiva para un nuevo mapa de puertos. Así, pretendemos investigar esta nueva dinámica espacial, su génesis, proceso y perspectiva. Se tienen en cuenta referencias bibliográficas sobre el tema en el contexto internacional y nacional, así como datos de organismos oficiales. Resumo Os portos são fenômenos geográficos que materializam as inter-relações de espaços produtores e consumidores. No atual estágio do capitalismo, tornam-se elementos centrais, respondendo por mais de 90% do comércio internacional. No Brasil, o setor se caracteriza por um processo cíclico de maior/menor investimento. Entretanto, o período marcado pelas modificações radicais do setor em nível mundial é concomitante a mudanças na política de financiamento internacional e no endividamento do Estado. Novas lideranças passam a comandar o país, impondo políticas de contenção de gastos. Os portos se transformam em nós de estrangulamento que só passaram a ser enfrentados depois dos anos 2000, com financiamento estatal, parcerias público-privadas e nova legislação. Embora precisem amadurecer, os resultados iniciais lançam a perspectiva de um novo mapa portuário nacional. Objetivamos investigar essa nova dinâmica espacial, sua gênese, processo e perspectiva. Levamos em conta referências bibliográficas sobre o tema nas conjunturas internacional e nacional, além de dados de órgãos oficiais.

Znamčenje se v gospodarstvu uporablja za upravljanje s percepcijo posameznika ali skupnosti glede izdelkov ali storitev. Ker se z znamčenjem lahko spreminja tudi pogled deležnikov na območje in njegove prvine, je proces postal sestavni del spodbud in ukrepov v programih teritorialnega razvoja. Ta pristop se že več kot dve desetletji uporablja tudi pri razvoju podeželskih območij v Sloveniji, vendar se izvajanja in učinkov pristopa doslej ni celovito proučilo. Podeželje v Sloveniji je zato privlačen prostorski poligon in geografski laboratorij za raziskovanje tovrstne tematike. Doktorska disertacija znamčenje obravnava kot prostorski pojav, saj ga opazuje in vrednoti njegovo součinkovanje z območjem. Namen doktorske disertacije je proučevanje prostorskih vzorcev in pokrajinskih značilnosti znamčenja podeželskih območij v Sloveniji z vidika vzrokov in učinkov. Uporabili smo kombinacijo kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih metod: pregled literature, spletno anketiranje, metodo polstrukturiranega intervjuja, metodo seznanjanja in razprave o rezultatih z deležniki, kvalitativno analizo podatkov v računalniškem programu Atlas.ti ter metodo infografike. Rezultati so pokazali, da se procesi znamčenja razvijajo v soodvisnosti od družbenogospodarskih, strukturnih in organizacijskih lastnosti podeželskih območij. Pri proučevanju procesa smo prepoznali posebnosti, ki odstopajo od teoretskih predpostavk v strokovni literaturi: znamčenje nemalokrat namesto prostorsko uravnoteženega razvoja spodbuja nastanek razvojnih razlik, pri izvajanju namesto celovite usmeritve prevlada sektorska, ukrepi pa so vsebinsko neusklajeni in nepovezani. Deležniki so za sodelovanje nizko motivirani, s tem je povezana tudi prevlada sprejemanja odločitev od zgoraj navzdol. In business, branding is used to manage an individual’s or community’s perception of products or services. Because branding can change stakeholders’ view of both a geographical area and its elements, the process has become an integral part of approaches and mechanisms in territorial development programs. Place branding has been used in such a manner for more than two decades as an approach to developing rural areas in Slovenia, but its implementation and effects have not been comprehensively studied so far. Rural areas in Slovenia are thus an attractive “geographical laboratory” for investigating those topics. This dissertation treats place branding as a spatial phenomenon: it observes and evaluates the process in interaction with the geographical area. The aim of the dissertation is to study the spatial patterns and regional characteristics of the place branding of rural areas in Slovenia from the viewpoint of causes and effects. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used: a literature review, an online survey, a semi-structured interview, a method of presenting and discussing the results with stakeholders, qualitative data analysis using Atlas.ti software, and an infographic method. The results show that place-branding processes develop in interdependence with the socioeconomic, structural, and organizational characteristics of rural areas. The research identifies features that differ from the theoretical concept in the literature: in Slovenia, place branding usually contributes to the emergence of differences in territorial development instead of a spatially balanced developmental process implementation of the process is dominated by sectoral rather than comprehensive orientation and individual tasks and approaches are uncoordinated and poorly connected. Stakeholders are not motivated to cooperate, and this also results in the prevalence of top-down decision-making.

Purpose: This literature review study aims to identify HRM improvement strategies using artificial intelligence (AI) in modern economic development. Theoretical framework: The study will review existing literature and synthesize the findings to identify best practices and key strategies for implementing AI in HRM. The study will focus on the role of AI in HRM improvement and explore how AI can be used to enhance recruitment, training, performance management, and employee engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review, the search approach will include keywords and Boolean operators to guarantee that relevant research is located. The study questions and goals will define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study will also look at the hurdles of implementing AI in HRM and recommend overcoming them. Findings: The findings of this study will be helpful for organizations seeking to improve their HRM practices using AI and for researchers interested in the intersection of AI and HRM in modern economic development. Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of the study are useful for policymakers in identifying strategies to improve human resource management using artificial intelligence (AI) in modern economic development. Originality/value: The research value of this text is its suggestions for conducting more research on how AI affects HRM processes and employee engagement, for creating clear rules and standards for the ethical use of AI in HRM, for teaching HR professionals how to use AI-powered HRM tools and strategies effectively, for fostering collaboration between academic researchers, business leaders, government officials, and other stakeholders, and for overseeing the effects of AI.

The mining industry is an important support of the economy and development of Peru, consequently the research work aims to establish the impact of mining on the economic and social development of the southern region from 2007 to 2020. In the research work was used statistical tools, secondary data was collected from national agencies, such as the Central Reserve Bank, National Institute of Statistics, and Informatics; Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, on the economic and social aspect of Peru during 2007 to 2022. The statistical results of the research conclude that mining analyzed in its different dimensions impacts on the social economic development of the southern regions of Peru.To strengthen the sustained impact of mining on the economic and social development of the southern region of Peru, initiatives are planned to increase the impact of mining, through a multidisciplinary team of professionals with experience in project management, who will manage the allocation of monetary resources generated by mining, also the multidisciplinary team should also be under the control of the Ministry of Economy and Finance.The Peruvian state, through the multidisciplinary team of professionals responsible for managing the resources that come from the mining sector, must plan scheduled meetings with the representatives of regions to review the budgets, expenses of the investments that are being made in the infrastructure works, schools, hospitals that are being carried out sustainably over time for the economic and social development of the region and the country., La industria minera es un soporte importante de la economía y desarrollo del Perú, consecuentemente, la finalidad de este trabajo de investigación es establecer el impacto de la minería en el desarrollo económico y social de la región sur del 2007 al 2020. En el trabajo de investigación se emplearon herramientas estadísticas, se reunió información secundaria de los organismos nacionales, como el Banco Central de Reserva, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, el Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo, sobre el aspecto económico y social del Perú, entre el 2007 y el 2022. Los resultados estadísticos de la investigación concluyen que la industria minera analizada en sus diferentes dimensiones impacta en el desarrollo económico social de la región sur del Perú.Con la finalidad de fortalecer el impacto sostenido de la minería en el desarrollo económico y social de la región sur del Perú, se plantean iniciativas que aumentan el impacto de la minería, a través de un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales, con trayectoria en dirección de proyectos, para que gestionen la asignación de los recursos monetarios generados por la minería. Asimismo, el equipo multidisciplinario debería estar bajo el control del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas.El Estado peruano, mediante un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales responsable de gestionar los recursos que provienen del sector minero, debe planificar reuniones con los representantes de las regiones para revisar los presupuestos, los gastos en inversiones que se están realizando en obras como infraestructura, escuelas, carreteras, hospitales, para el desarrollo económico y social de la región y del país.

The nature of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters has huge implications for economic development of Rivers and Delta States because of the geostrategic position of the states in international trade. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters affecting poverty and unemployment levels in Delta and Rivers States. This paper was built around the neo-functionalist integration theory of multilateralism paradigm at systemic level of analysis. The sample size of the study was 385 respondents drawn from a population of 9,925 people comprising of staff from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria Customs Service, Nigeria Police Force and Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency in Delta and Rivers States. The population of the study equally includes staff drawn from Togolese, Benin republic and Senegalese embassies Abuja as well as operators of shipping businesses, fishing groups and oil servicing firms in Warri, Port Harcourt, Oporoza and Bonny. Primary data were collected from close-ended and open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview involving 15 experts. Also, data were collected from secondary source. Data from questionnaire were analysed using simple percentages and absolute frequencies, while data from in-depth interview were analysed using narrative analytic technique. Data from secondary source were analysed using relational-content analysis. Findings showed that the nature of international maritime security threats in Nigerian coastal waters hinders economic development of Delta and Rivers States and trans-border cooperation among littoral states as well as poverty alleviation in the coastal areas are among the strategies for mitigating international maritime security threats affecting economic development in Delta and Rivers States. Among other things, it was recommended that the littoral states should urgently form joint maritime security taskforce for eliminating all threats from the crimes hindering economic development of Delta and Rivers States.

Background: In collaboration with local partners, we reviewed 18 national policy documents across two sub-Saharan African countries identified as pre-dividend nations by the World Bank in 2017: Nigeria and Tanzania. Our aim was to assess national policies in pre-dividend countries and to determine whether national strategies were primed to capitalize on changing demographic structures, maximally attain the demographic dividend, and augment socio-economic growth. Methods: We conducted policy reviews by focusing on five key sectors of the Gates Institute Demographic Dividend Framework: Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health, Education, Women’s Empowerment, and Labor Market. This framework was developed as a tool for countries to apply targeted policies for accelerating the demographic dividend based on their demographic structure. For each component we used a comprehensive list of indicators, defined via a systematic literature review, through which we assessed national policies aimed at maximizing the demographic dividend. Results: Between the two countries, we observed persistent gaps in policies targeting family planning. Although more comprehensive, policies addressing maternal and child health, education, women’s empowerment, and labor market still lagged in their specificity and measurability. We identified specific policy amendments and alternatives that Nigeria and Tanzania could consider to mitigate these gaps. We also stress the importance of designing measurable policy initiatives across sectors. Conclusions: Based on these recommendations, as Nigeria, Tanzania, and other pre-dividend nations start experiencing rapid demographic changes, they may consider implementing routine policy reviews to strengthen policies across the five key sectors and harness the benefits of a demographic dividend.

With pervasive international maritime security threats in the region, especially sea piracy and oil theft, Nigeria loses huge sums of money in export revenues and this reverberates on the wellbeing of residents of coastal areas whose major means of livelihood depends on the maritime sector. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of international maritime security threats on economic development in coastal areas of Delta and Rivers States with particular reference to unemployment and poverty levels in the areas. This paper is built around the structural conflict theory of Marxism paradigm at state-level of analysis, which is vital in the understanding of how international maritime security is related to the exploitative nature of the capitalist system, which enabled economically advanced countries to buy cheap stolen crude oil from coastal areas in Nigeria. The sample size of the study was 385 respondents drawn from a population of 9,925 people comprising of staff from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria Customs Service, Nigeria Police Force and Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency in delta and Rivers States. The population of the study equally includes staff drawn from Togolese, Benin republic and Senegalese embassies Abuja as well as operators of shipping businesses, fishing groups and oil servicing firms in Warri, Port Harcourt, Oporoza and Bonny. Primary data were collected from close-ended and open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview. Also, data were collected from secondary source. Data from questionnaire were analysed using simple percentages and absolute frequencies, while data from in-depth interview were analysed using narrative analytic technique. Data from secondary source were analysed using relational-content analysis. Findings showed that international maritime security threats in Nigeria maritime domain increases poverty and unemployment levels in coastal areas of Delta and Rivers States as well as transnational cooperation as well as collaboration are among the effective measures in combating negative impacts of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters on coastal areas in delta and Rivers States. Among other things, it was recommended that the federal government should urgently activate the use of relevant international instruments for combating sea piracy and oil theft in the coastal areas in Rivers and Delta States for enhanced economic development.

Purpose: The airport infrastructure plays capital importance in the development of national trade. It facilitates the flow of people, goods, and services more quickly. Thus, given its importance, this study seeks to analyze the impact of the Angolan investment in airport infrastructure between 2000 – 2020.Design/methodology/approach: this article presents the results of quantitative and qualitative research, based on narrative review and output of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique, which aimed to analyze the impact of investment in airport infrastructure on the growth of Angola GDP per capita.Findings: The results of the stationarity tests performed shows mixed integration in both I(0) and I(1), which justifies the used ARDL. Similarly, the bounds test showed that there is a very strong relationship between airport infrastructure investment and GDP per capita growth in the short and long run. However, in the Angola case study, the impact that exists is negative, meaning that airport infrastructure negatively impacts per capita GDP growth in both the short run and in the long run.Research limitations/implications: this research has been among the first to analyze the impact of investment in airport infrastructure on the growth of Angola GDP per capita. Besides the contribution of this research, some limitations are the difficulty to find data of investment and the literature about transportation infrastructure in Angola.Originality/value: the analyze of the impact of investment in airport infrastructure in the growth of Angola GDP per capita is a fundamental step that can help public and private entities in making decisions that aim to improve the management of the Angola transport infrastructure.