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The article is devoted to the study of legal entities created by state property legal regimes. Philosophical, general scientific, special; dogmatic methods, and methods of interpretation of legal regulations were used in the course of the research. As a result of research, it has been established that the term “property legal regime” applies only to the property of an economic entity, both transferred to it and acquired by it as a result of economic activity. The author concludes that the only function performed by the authorized capital is to determine the share of the participant in the share capital of the company. The author analyzes scientific approaches to reforming proprietary rights to other’s property and legal regimes of property of legal entities from the standpoint of socio-economic conditions in which the state of Ukraine finds itself. The legal regime of property acquired by state joint-stock companies beyond the limits defined in the charter remains undefined. All the above indicates the need for legislative regulation of legal entities created by the state property legal regimes.

L’aviculture est une activite socio-economique tres repandue et importante au Senegal car c’est un secteur qui pourvoie des emplois. L’etude s’est deroulee aupres de 150 aviculteurs a travers une enquete formelle dans la commune de Bambey, region de Diourbel au Senegal. Les enquetes ont porte sur les caracteristiques socio-economiques des eleveurs, la conduite technique et economique des elevages mais aussi sur l’analyse des contraintes. Elle est constituee de 70,7% d’hommes et 29,3% de femmes dont 75% sont maries ,19% sont celibataires et 6% sont veufs avec une moyenne d’âge de 38,6±13,5 ans. L’activite est exercee notamment par des fonctionnaires (22,7%), des etudiants (17 ,3%), des commercants, des menageres et des ouvriers a 14,7% pour chaque groupe. Ceux dont l’aviculture est leur activite principale ne representent que 8%. La motivation des aviculteurs est plus qu’economique (53,3%) et passionnelle (25,3%). L’appropriation de la volaille revient a 88% des enquetes, a 6,7% aux membres de la famille et a 4% aux enfants. Les elevages sont de type mono specifique (52%) et plurispecifique (48%). Les especes elevees sont les poulets (locaux et exotiques), les pigeons, les canards, les dindes, les oies, les pintades et les cailles. La quasi-totalite des eleveurs (73,3%) alimentent leurs volailles au moins une fois par jour alors que 26,7% laissent leurs animaux en divagation. La reproduction est mieux controlee chez les especes de races exotiques. La vaccination est pratiquee par 64,6% des enquetes. Les pathologies dominantes sont la maladie de Newcastle (47,6%), le parasitisme (18,4%), la variole (13,4%) et le coryza (10,3%), Les principales contraintes sont les maladies, la cherte des aliments, la chaleur, le manque de formation. Cependant, le developpement de l’aviculture necessite la mise en place d’un programme de conseil. La subvention et l’implication de tous les acteurs du systeme est necessaire pour son developpement. Poultry farming is a very widespread and important socio-economic activity in Senegal because it is a sector that provides jobs. The study involved 150 poultry farmers through a formal survey in the commune of Bambey, Diourbel region in Senegal. The surveys focused on the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, the technical and economic management of the farms, and the analysis of constraints. It is made up of 70.7% men and 29.3% women, 75% of whom are married, 19% are single and 6% are widowed, with an average age of 38.6±13.5 years. The activity is carried out by civil servants (22.7%), students (17.3%), shopkeepers, householders and workers (14.7% for each group). Those whose main activity is poultry farming represent only 8%. The motivation of poultry farmers is more than economic (53.3%) and passionate (25.3%). The ownership of the animals belongs to 88% of the respondents, 6.7% to family members and 4% to children. The farms are mono-specific (52%) and multi-specific (48%). The species raised are chickens (local and exotic), pigeons, ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl and quails. Almost all farmers (73.3%) feed their poultry at least once a day while 26.7% let their animals roam. Reproduction is better controlled in exotic breeds. Vaccination is practiced by 64.6% of respondents. The dominant diseases are Newcastle disease (47.6%), parasitism (18.4%), smallpox (13.4%) and coryza (10.3%). The main constraints are diseases, the high cost of food, heat and lack of training. However, the development of poultry farming requires the establishment of an advisory program. The subsidy and involvement of all the actors in the system is necessary for its development.

Passage to Presidential System of Government in Turkey in 2018 meant a leap in the state’s neoliberal transformation since the 1980s. In the economic field, this led to politicized, centralized and...

The formation of a modern system of socio-economic management in Australia began after World War II. By now, a high-quality management system has been created in the country. Australia has achieved a high level of development of the market relations system, has created an open and flexible economy.

The issue of fighting poverty is especially acute today. Scientists from different countries of the world have come to a common opinion that targeting is the most important component of the existing mechanisms of social protection of the population. There is an assumption that legislative equality is not identical with social equality. Equalization of incomes of the population and strengthening of the middle class can only be achieved after the formation of targeted social protection of the population. The targeting of social guarantees should include a large list of mechanisms for its regulation, including a differentiated approach and a flexible framework focused on an individual approach. Needy families, whose incomes slightly exceed the established limits, should be able to receive social guarantees from the state in a short amount. At the same time, the establishment of criteria requires constant change, focused on the quarterly living wage of the subject in question. The statement of a fixed income in the current market conditions is unfair. When establishing targeted assistance, it is especially important to take into account the financial condition of the family, not only in terms of income, but actual expenses. It is here that each situation must be considered separately, taking into account external factors. Therefore, there arises an objective need for interaction between social protection bodies of the population with credit (financial) institutions, state tax authorities and other services through the introduction of a single database. This will make it possible to avoid receiving benefits for citizens receiving “shadow” income, as well as to save financial resources for the population in need. Support for the needy segments of the population should not be only quantitative – there should be a qualitative component. The number of planned support programs and implemented programs does not indicate an effective policy, since official statistics on the number of those in need may not correspond to the real picture and the target figures may be underestimated. As part of the implementation of programs to help the population, a conditional number of citizens may be planned, determined according to funding, however, the number of those in dire need may differ significantly. The effectiveness of the implementation of social programs can be determined by a significant reduction in the number of citizens living below the poverty line. There is an objective need to reform the current system of social protection of the population. External and internal economic factors cause changes in wages, employment levels, purchasing power, etc., all of this affects the change in the average per capita income of the population, the real size of wages, etc. To equalize incomes, support the poor and reduce social risks, it is necessary to create a new format based on the principle of targeting.

The task of organizing the economic management of an innovative company, which field of activity is related to high-tech business, is studied. A system of economic management is proposed, which is based on the function of planning the company's operational activities and a project-process approach to regulating the company's microeconomic indicators. The indicators characterize the effectiveness of the implementation of business projects and business processes, jointly controlled in the internal environment of the company and recalculated into the integral economic performance of the company. The controlling function is assigned to smart contracts that track the fulfillment of the company's contractual obligations to consumers. The management subjects in the system are defined as managers of various levels of the hierarchy who are influenced by productivity challenges. The company as an object of economic management in the system is subject to the influence of market challenges. The control system is built according to a closed circuit that adaptively responds to external and internal calls through local and global feedbacks.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов экономического управления компанией, входящей в состав отечественного оборонно-промышленного комплекса и перешедшей в порядке диверсификации на производство гражданской продукции. Целью исследования является синтез системы экономического управления, обеспечивающей регулирование бизнес-процессов компании в сквозном производственном цикле создания продукции, подлежащей потребительской кастомизации, и продукции с фиксированными потребительскими свойствами. Кастомизируемая продукция изготавливается в интересах гражданского заказчика, представленного на рынке бизнес-партнерами и потребительским сообществом. Некастомизируемая продукция изготавливается в интересах государственного заказчика по предварительно согласованному проекту с фиксированными свойствами продукта. Управление компанией реализуется путем внутрифирменного регулирования бизнес-процессов и бизнес-проектов, формирующих денежные и товарные потоки. Предложена схема системы сквозного экономического управления компанией, осуществляющей одновременный выпуск продукции, подлежащей и не подлежащей потребительской кастомизации. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в реализации инновационного способа комплементарного экономического управления компанией, основанного на совмещении управленческих воздействий топ-менеджмента компании и воздействий искусственного интеллекта. Качество управления оценивается по системе показателей, заложенных в финансовый план компании. Регулирование осуществляется в непрерывном цикле для минимизации отклонений наблюдаемых и запланированных показателей. Наряду с коммерческой результативностью бизнеса отслеживаются и проектные характеристики, заданные потребителем при кастомизации продукции. The article is devoted to the economic management of a company that is part of the domestic military-industrial complex and has switched to the production of civilian products in order to diversify. The purpose of the research is to synthesize an economic management system that ensures the regulation of the company's business processes in the end-to-end production cycle of creating products subject to consumer customization and products with fixed consumer properties. The customized products are manufactured in the interests of a civilian customer represented on the market by business partners and the consumer community. Non-customized products are manufactured in the interests of the state customer according to a pre-agreed project with fixed product properties. The company's management is implemented through the internal regulation of business processes and business projects that form cash and commodity flows. The scheme of a system of end-to-end economic management of a company that simultaneously produces products that are subject to and not subject to consumer customization is proposed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the implementation of an innovative method of complementary economic management of the company, based on the combination of managerial actions of the company's top management and the effects of artificial intelligence. The quality of management is assessed according to the system of indicators laid down in the company's financial plan. The regulation is carried out in a continuous cycle to minimize deviations of the observed and planned indicators. Along with the commercial performance of the business, the design characteristics set by the consumer when customizing products are also monitored.

Purpose of the study — to provide theoretical and methodological substantiation of construction of organizational and economic management mechanism of creative potential of the region tourist company taking into account influence of factors of modern culture. The article presents theoretical, methodological and practical principles for building and implementing organizational and economic mechanism for managing the creative potential in the region, taking into account the current level of corporate culture. The solution to this problem is achieved by identifying the characteristics and principles of organizational and economic mechanism for assessing the creative potential of the region on the example of a travel company, for which the appropriate mechanism is built. The article substantiates the development of a comprehensive methodology for quantitative assessment of the creative potential of a travel company, which made it possible to determine their potential ability to introduce new products in the tourism business of the region. An effective condition for the introduction of such a technique in practice is the need for periodic use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to the object of study in the process of in-depth study of its creative potential. Effective management of creative potential increases the company’s ability to market innovative services. Scientific novelty of introduction of the organizational and economic mechanism of management of creative potential of the enterprise in the region taking into account achievement of a modern corporate culture level. Keywords: regulation, interaction, resource, indicators, state, innovations, synergy, system, business entities. JEL Classification D21, O15, R10 Formulas: 4 ; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 21.

Narendra Modi came to power in 2014 promising robust economic management and more employment. The campaign promise of “maximum governance, minimum government,” created hope that Modi would transform India’s economy by removing obstacles to growth and job creation. We assess the Modi government’s economic policies from 2014-2019 focusing on salient initiatives like demonetisation, bankruptcy law, GST reforms, and “Make in India.” We argue that Modi’s economic policies must be understood, first and foremost, as a political strategy to build political support and ensure the BJP’s hegemony through the next decade. In addition, we show that Modi’s success in building his personal image as a decisive leader perversely triggered institutional changes such as centralization of decision-making and political management of information that diminished India’s state capacity and led to policies that failed to address, and in many cases exacerbated, India’s economic problems.

The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) Africa 2022 report provides an assessment of the quality of policies and institutions for the calendar year 2021 in all 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that are International Development Association (IDA)–eligible. The overall average score for these countries remained unchanged from the previous year at 3.1. Similarly, no changes were observed at the subregional level, where average scores were unchanged at 3.2 and 3.0 for West and Central Africa and East and Southern Africa, respectively. However, at the country level, the overall CPIA scores changed in 11 countries, including an increase in seven countries and a decline in four. Among the countries that increased their CPIA scores, nearly 70 percent has done it on account of better policies for social inclusion and equity. Among the four countries with decreased CPIA scores, three are assessed with weakened performance in macroeconomic management. Countries with below average scores (under 3.0) are mostly fragile and conflict-affected cases. Section 1 of this report evaluates the impact of the pandemic on economic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa’s IDA-eligible countries, particularly focusing on key macroeconomic outcomes. Section 2 of the report presents the CPIA assessment results by clusters, by criteria, as well as by countries, while distinguishing between fragile and non-fragile countries. Section 3 provides the individual country CPIA pages.

Crimes of infringing upon economic management order are specified in Section 1, Section 2, Section 3 Chapter 18 of the 2015 Penal Code, including 48 crimes, divided into 3 groups of crimes. According to the provisions of the 2013 Constitution, the 2014 Law on Organization of the People's Procuracy and the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code, the People's Procuracy exercises the right to prosecute and supervise judicial activities to ensure all legal rights and interests. Criminal acts must be detected, investigated, prosecuted and adjudicated in a timely manner, without causing unjust, wrong, or omission of criminals and at the same time not causing injustice to innocent people. The article presents the crimes of infringing upon the economic management order specified in the 2015 Penal Code, the prosecutor's exercise of the right to prosecution and judicial supervision during the investigation period; prosecuting and adjudicating cases of infringing upon economic management order.

The article describes the stages and main activities carried out in the framework of the new economic policy (19211927) are considered. The place and role of NEP in the economic history of Russia, despite the past 100 years, are still following discussion issues. In particular, the question of the impact of a new economic policy on the formation of a mixed economy in developed capitalist countries in the second half of the 20th century was relevant. In the 1920s, an economic system was built in Russia in Russia, which can be developed as a mixed economy, which has proven its flexibility and effectiveness in solving the most complicated economic tasks. The article analyzes the experience of NEP based on the use of the methodology of institutional theory. The activities of the authorities during this period were aimed at the adaptation of old institutes, skills, mentality of the population in the conditions of a tight deficit of all resources to new requirements, primarily in the economy. The importance of the tasks facing the tasks and the limited time released by history to their decision determined the choice of a rigid totalitarian style of economic management and society, which did not allow to reveal the potential capabilities of the ECAP economic mechanism.

Optimal use of microgrids for efficient and economic management of energy resources is of special importance. At the residential level, energy costs can be reduced by using the concepts of price-ba...

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health resources are not sufficient for the population of Pakistan and in an emergency situation like COVID-19, the present data shows the painful condition. There is an urgent requirement of new nurses and medical students. The province Punjab has the highest capacity of beds ranging 45% among the total resources of beds in Pakistan which are 132663 including both dispensaries and public hospitals. According to the literature, only 1650 ventilators are working in Pakistan for such a huge population. The Government took a step toward the healthcare and imported 10000 ventilators from China and also started making their own ventilators in Lahore. After the complete review of the corona situation, the Education Ministry of Pakistan decided to reopen schools on 16 Sep, 2020. At that time, daily reported new cases were 400-300. But later on 26 Nov, 2020, schools were again closed by Education Ministry of Pakistan, because the daily reported new cases reached at more than 2000. The E-learning is powerful tool for achieving the educational goal during the COVID-19. All the educational institutes around world started online classes. The proper management by the Government of Pakistan to tackle the pandemic is to be admired in these difficult times.

Одной из задач нашего исследования был анализ данных скрининговой программы по раннему выявлению раковых и предраковых заболеваний шейки матки в ГП №5, который показал, что процент охвата скрининговой программой целевой группы соответствует государственной программе. Качество проведения скрининговой программы в ГП№5 значительно улучшилось, снизился процент неинформативного материала. Большинство женщин, которые умерли от рака шейки матки, относятся к возрастной группе 80 лет и старше. One of the objectives of our study was to analyze data from the screening program for early detection of cervical cancer and precancerous diseases in GP №5, which showed that the percentage of coverage of the target group's screening program corresponds to the state program. The quality of the screening program in GP№5 has significantly improved, and the percentage of non-informative material has decreased. Most women who have died from cervical cancer are in the age group of 80 or older.

This article examines the fate of national economic management in Britain in the face of the growing economic international interdependence, which initially grew in the context of the ‘Bretton Woods institutions’, and continued apace up until the crisis of 2007–8. It frames the argument with the concept of ‘Embedded Liberalism’, which allows to examine in detail the evolution of key elements of the Bretton Woods settlement, their subsequent development, and how far these shifts led to a ‘race to the bottom’ in national policies. On the basis of arguments about the continuing viability of national economic management, it questions how far we should accept a story of ‘the short life of social democracy’ as a wholly accurate account of Britain since the 1970s.

In the paper has been investigated issues of management marketing strategy for formation of local brand of milk and dairy products in the digital economy. By author was discussed the essence and main tasks of advertising, the features and importance of compliance with the rules of ethiсs, its role in ensuring conditions for fair competition and integration into the process of world economic management.

The paper determines the place of junior servants in the system of monastic administration at the beginning of the 17 th century on the example of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. At the beginning of the 17 th century the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery suffered significant financial losses in connection with wartime conditions. At the same time, such a large patrimony had a need for a branched multistage management apparatus. The monastic servants carried out economic activities. The question of the system of monastic administration of the 16 th –17 th centuries actively researched by scientists on the example of specific monasteries. As part of the study of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, this problem was raised by historians on the basis of economic books of the 16 th century. However, economic books of the beginning of the 17 th century have also survived, which had not been studied earlier in this aspect, which made it possible to continue research in this area and expand the scientific understanding of the composition and role of monastic servants in the management structure of a large monastic patrimony. The sources for this work were two servage books of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, which are part of the economic books for the years of 7115 (1606/07) and 7116 (1607/08). To determine the place of monastic servants in the system of economic management, the classifications compiled by M.N. Tikhomirov, V.A. Petrov, S.I. Smetanina for the 16 th century were considered and compared with the classifications by occupation and by territorial feature presented in the servage books of the early 17 th century. This allowed us to conclude about the complexity of monastic servants classification structure at the beginning of the 17 th century in comparison with the 16 th century. A count was made of the number of monastic servants and the amounts spent on their maintenance to find out their composition. An attempt has been made to clarify the existing classifications of monastic servants for the beginning of the 17 th century, while drawing attention to the merging of the system of senior and junior servants with an ordered control system. As a result of the study, it was concluded that a significant number of junior monastic servants (about 300) of various categories lived on the territory of the monastery, but their maintenance did not cause serious damage to the monastic treasury and was economically justified.

The article discusses methodological approaches to the transition from centralized system to market relations. Strengths and weaknesses of the market mechanism have been identified. The priorities of the development of the economy of Uzbekistan and the tendencies of institutional transformations are considered. Proposals have been developed for the reform of economic management in the context of the spread of COVID-19 and the need to improve economic security.

The potato itself has high nutritional value, strong adaptability, long industrial chain and extremely stable yield. At the same time, due to the rich variety of processed products, the further improvement of China’s social and economic level is greatly strengthened. In February 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued guiding opinions on promoting the development of the potato industry, which took potato as the main food product for industrial development. The central government attaches great importance to the rapid development of the potato industry, but at the same time, it also exposes many problems, which affect the production and development of the potato industry to a large extent. In order to change this problem, the relevant staff needs to strengthen the application of intelligent technology, so as to improve the level of potato production and processing and improve the competitive advantage of China’s potato industry. There are many types of research on the potato industry in China, but most of them focus on Cultivation and maintenance skills, and there is almost no research on market competition of agricultural products economic management based on the intelligent system. Based on the current situation of potato production in China, combined with the advantages of an intelligent system, this paper analyzes its competitive advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of economic management, and constructs the industrial competitiveness analysis model with the intelligent system as the core technology, and analyzes and discusses the adverse factors affecting the competitiveness. And from the perspective of international trade, the export competitiveness of China’s potato industry was analyzed. Finally, we collected Ximeng as the sample of this study and verified the core points of improving competitiveness from the research. In this paper, based on the intelligent system management of the potato planting industry on agricultural product economic management of market competition optimization research, to a certain extent, filled the domestic blank, has high research and promotion value.

From the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the World War I, there was significant economic advancement in all sectors of farm management in the territory of Galicia (Halychyna), which was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period of history. This paper focuses on the impact of popular scientific extension, one of the key criteria for communicating the latest economic management techniques at that time. This allowed the region, which was significantly behind the other regions within the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period, to progress economically. There was a breakthrough in methods and approaches to farm management during the studied period. The processes of mechanization, novel tillage techniques and land reclamation were introduced. Agricultural processing industry started to develop intensively. A serious consideration has been given to selective breeding of animals, which had a positive impact on the livestock rearing development. All these aspects have led to a significant improvement in the industry’s performance.

Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an important treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients after DBS implantation need specialized programming to get optimal outcomes. However, access to timely and economical postoperative programming for many patients living in remote areas is limited. Teleprogramming, which refers to deliver real-time remote programming through Internet, can help to address this gap. Objective We aimed to evaluate the clinical application of remote programming for PD patients with DBS. Methods We retrospectively studied 90 patients with PD who received remote DBS programming after implantation at Yuquan Hospital (Beijing, China) between March 2016 and June 2018. Patients' medical records were reviewed in an electronic database. A self-designed questionnaire was performed on all patients by phone. Results Over a mean follow-up period of 27.0 months, 90 patients underwent a total of 386 remote programming visits, of which the average frequency within 6 months after DBS was 2.27 times/person. The average distance between the patients' residences and Yuquan Hospital was 1243.8 ± 746.5 km. The questionnaire survey showed that each remote programming visit saved ≥2000¥ for 76.7% of the patients and ≥12 hours for 90.0% of the patients, compared with the on-site programming visit. The acceptability of the remote programming platform was highly rated. Transient side effects related to programming were reported and were relieved after adjustments of parameters. Conclusions Remote programming may offer a feasible and acceptable approach to timely and economic management in patients with PD after DBS implantation.

SummaryThe reproductive performances of livestock play an essential role in the economic management of the farm. The improvement of semen quantity and quality through the use of food supplements that lack substances which are forbidden in animal feeding, or that may have detrimental effects, is an important goal. Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that has been used for centuries in the Andes for nutrition and fertility enhancement in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of food supplementation of stallions with maca during the breeding season on spermatozoa parameters such as DNA fragmentation and shape, which are two predictive indexes of spermatozoa functionality. For this purpose, ejaculate volume, semen gel-free volume, sperm concentration and motility, total sperm count, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm head parameters (length, width, perimeter, area, shape factor, roughness) were measured in four stallions. Maca food supplementation in stallions during breeding reduced the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, increased significantly sperm concentration and exerted an elongation of the spermatozoa head, a condition that is believed to improve spermatozoa functionality, suggesting that food supplementation of maca could be useful in horse breeding during the breeding season.

Business ethicists draw extensively on Aristotle’s work in defining the purpose of the business corporation. Insights from ancient authors can be valuable in illuminating contemporary issues, but we should be wary of enlisting their authority for our views without paying careful attention to what they might have intended by what they said in their own social and economic context. Business ethicists have argued that the business corporation should be a community within which its members can live a good life; that its purpose should not be to maximise profits; and that it should integrate itself into a range of wider communities beyond its own boundaries and serve their interests. Aristotle would have agreed that the business corporation should not seek to make as much profit as possible, although he might have accepted that – in the light of modern developments in economic management - it should make enough profit to fund projects that would be beneficial to society. Aristotle’s view that the polis provided the setting in which people could best live a good life does not justify the claim that the business corporation can or should serve a similar purpose. Aristotle believed that people should strive for enough and not too much in several contexts, not only in acquiring wealth, but also in defining the size and scope of the community of which they should be members. Some expansive, contemporary views on the communities into which the business corporation should integrate itself are alien to Aristotle’s thinking.

The object of this research is the 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform, while the subject is the prerequisites for the development and implementation of this reform. The goal consists in determination and analysis of the prerequisites for the development and implementation of 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform. The article examines the activity of the Soviet government and party in the 1950s; identifies the economic and political prerequisites that influenced the course of events. The reform was aimed at weakening the central authority, downsizing of ministries, simplification of the centralized planned system of economic management, and establishment of the new industrial management branches – councils of the national economy of administrative economic districts. The research is based on the principle of historicism, employs the historical-genetic, functional, and formal-legal methods. The chronological framework stretch from 1953 to 1957. The administrative-economic reform is conditioned by the economic and political prerequisites. The authors note the industrial slowdown, as well as the crisis of the state plan system. Thepolitical crisis that unfolded in the USSR in 1950s had most considerable impact upon the reform. The reform was of uninstitutionalized nature, and served as the mechanism for strengthening the party authorities.&nbsp

The issue of relation between economic growth and state of environment remains one of the debatable in modern economic science both in theory and in terms of making practical recommendations for carrying out economic policy. One of the most promising is the approach based on the idea of the environmental Kuznets curve, suggested by G. Grossman and A. Krueger. Our study is concerned with the assessment of the environmental Kuznets curve for Eastern Europe and Baltic states. The analysis is based on the data covering 16 Eastern Europe and Baltic states. This country group was selected as the target of the research since these countries are relatively similar in their institutional structure of economic management and rarely form target of studies. World Bank Development Indicators and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are data sources.

Este trabalho analisa o modelo de contratação de execução indireta de serviços baseado na prestação e remuneração mensuradas por resultados. Por meio de estudos de casos, apresenta uma discussão acerca das normas que regem esse modelo de contratação, bem como analisa a eficiência da sua aplicação na administração, segundo as três categorias principais definidas no processo de metassumarização realizado por Santos (2015): eficiência administrativa, eficiência econômica e eficiência jurídica. Inicialmente denominado Acordo de Nível de Serviço (ANS) e posteriormente renomeado como Instrumento de Medição de Resultado (IMR), pela Instrução Normativa 05/2017, do Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão esse modelo de contratação passou a ser amplamente empregado na administração pública federal, sendo que não se observa seu emprego com a mesma intensidade na administração do Estado de Minas Gerais, não obstante seu potencial para gerar maior eficiência na gestão pública. Para o estudo, foram selecionados dois hospitais públicos e analisados os contratos de serviços terceirizados de dieta hospitalar, sendo que um adota o modelo de contratação em estudo, e o outro, não. Foi observado que, no hospital contratado segundo este modelo, todas as irregularidades contratuais constatadas tiveram impacto econômico - sancionatório e/ou remuneratório - na empresa, enquanto na contratação do tipo convencional apenas 17,5% dessas irregularidades tiveram impactos remuneratórios e/ou sancionatórios. Isto sugere que tal modelo de contratação é mais eficiente, do ponto de vista jurídico. Além disso, os dados indicaram que o modelo conduz a uma maior eficiência administrativa, economizando recursos e levando a resultados mais satisfatórios para a administração pública. Não foi possível afirmar se o modelo de contratação foi um fator que contribuiu com eficiência econômica de gestão, vez que o foco desse modelo é melhorar a qualidade das contratações.

This article is devoted to distribution relations. It analyzes theoretical issues related to the distribution of goods produced in the transition of the Russian economy from planned economic management to work in market conditions, considers indicators of mutual interest of the parties to the production process, as well as possible transformations associated with the monopoly position of one of the parties in the production process. On the basis of the material presented in the work, a mechanism is proposed that contributes to the formation of optimal decisions in the distribution of the goods produced.

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde decretou estado de pandemia pelo novo coronavírus. O planejamento tradicional de manejo clínico e econômico pressupõe que os meios e os fins sejam conhecidos, direcionando-se para os processos que abordam essas condições de certeza e ocultando as incertezas. Para analisar os custos em saúde é necessário identificar, quantificar e valorar os recursos empregados em saúde. Dessa forma, os objetivos deste estudo foram: descrever os protocolos de manejo clínico de pacientes suspeitos e confirmados para COVID-19 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 30 de janeiro a 20 de maio de 2020, e identificar variáveis para o cálculo dos custos médicos diretos no atendimento desses pacientes. Foi observado o quão incertas e dinâmicas são as caracterizações do paciente suspeito, do critério de coleta e do tipo de teste a ser realizado. A partir da categorização dos custos médicos diretos, é possível criar um instrumento para estimar os custos para o Sistema Único de Saúde do paciente com suspeita ou confirmado por infecção da COVID-19.

In the context of the deepening socio-economic crisis, the training of qualified economists who must solve important issues concerning timely anticipation of crisis events, predictive assessments of their depth and scale, and the development of effective measures against adverse processes and their consequences, deserves particular attention. In this regard, the importance of education and science increases significantly, which should provide specialists with modern methods of economic management, analysis of economic processes, and adequate and timely assessment of threats to economic development. The analysis of professional tasks solved by economists has shown that they should not only know the theoretical foundations and laws of the market economy functioning, but also be able to identify problems of an economic nature when analyzing specific situations, as well as suggest ways to solve them and assess the expected results, systematize and generalize information, possess methods for analyzing the production and economic activities of an enterprise and evaluating its market positions, and more. Therefore, the list of professional competencies of an economist should include general scientific competency – the ability and preparedness to use knowledge about quantitative relations and spatial forms of the real world, the possession of a system of categories and methods necessary to solve typical tasks in various areas of professional economic activity. Mathematical disciplines play a key role in the formation of general scientific competency in future economists. Specially organized mathematical training allows forming a set of meta-professional knowledge, skills, and personal qualities that make it possible to ensure the greatest effect in achieving the set professional economic tasks, students' mastery of general scientific concepts, and the acquisition of research experience, which constitute the content of the economist’s general scientific competency.

The article is a review of the book indicated in the title, published in 2018 by «Ankil» publishing house. Analyzing the late Soviet (1985–1991) and post-Soviet (after 1991) evolution of the system of state economic management and its effectiveness, while mobilizing extensive factual and statistical material, the author of the book justifies the recommendation to the Russian leadership to stop throwing between the fear of losing «market innocence» and the practice of «smuggling» the use of non-market management methods. While agreeing with this recommendation, the reviewer also shares the opinion of E.A. Ivanov about such an indispensable prerequisite for solving the problems set in the monograph as using the potential of the Federal legislative act on strategic planning that appeared in 2014 (which does not mean that there is no need to improve the adopted specific version of the document).

This paper investigates the impact of World Bank development policy operations on the quality of economic policy during the period 1998-2015. A new theoretical framework distinguishes among three effects that have been conflated hitherto: (a) marginal impacts of additional policy actions within the current year; (b) length of the policy engagement with client countries, and (c) changes over time in the marginal impact of policy actions. The analysis focuses on policy actions that are particularly relevant for the quality of economic management. Consistent with past research, robust panel estimations indicate that development policy financing has a positive effect on the quality of government economic policy. The econometric work suggests that the nature of the policy dialogue and quality of the engagement with government matter more than the sheer number of policy actions adopted. There is also tentative evidence that although the positive impact is sustained over time, the initial years of an engagement are the most productive for improvement in government economic policy. This may be linked to the fact that over time the reform program changes from 'first-generation' to more complex 'second-generation' policy actions.

Due to the rapid development of social relations in Ukraine, national legislation can`t keep up to regulate them properly, whichforce businesses to use the rules of foreign jurisdictions or the pro-forms of international specialized organizations to carry out the cont -ractual transactions more frequently. The article provides examples of how the complex contractual relations are governed in practiceand how the businesses are forced to protect its interests while entering into EPC-contracts.The authors have researched the emergence of the contract templates, which were created by International Federation of ConsultingEngineers (FIDIC) and the way to use such templates according to Ukrainian law. Also, the article analyzes application of certainprovisions of the economic and civil legislation, which are reflected in EPC-contracts. Individual cases that were considered by theInternational Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine were analyzed as well.There is substantiated the opinion that regarding to provision of the contractual limitation of obligations for the actual losses feesand damages caused to economic entities as well as the possibility to freely use the international organizations pro-form in case whenits provisions do not contradict the imperative norms of the Ukrainian legislation and the principles of economic management inUkraine. Also, article analyzes how the choice of law can be made while concluding an EPC contract. The authors presented their theseson how the provisions of the EPC contract should be harmonized with the norms of national legislation.The authors support theory of Dépeçage to introduce a number of protective provisions, which include the existence of mandatoryrules in the legal system of a state, which would make it impossible to circumvent the law, and contain reservations about public order.This research shows that there is an opportunity to gain many advantages by the application of the theory of Dépeçage in EPC-cont racts.

Radical prostatectomy was first performed more than 100 years ago and has since become the gold standard in treatment of localized prostate cancer. Open surgery has been almost entirely replaced by robotic operations referred to as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Th e article introduces the basics of this innovative standard of operative access and tackles medical and historical aspects, oncological, medical and economic management pros and contras of robotic aid over open radical prostatectomy. Surgical trauma in RARP is clearly less pronounced compared to open surgery due to a much earlier postoperative mobilisation and a faster rehabilitation of patients leading to a statistically significant reduction in the length of hospital stay after RARP. Along with advances in intracorporeal imaging with 16-fold optical magnification coupled with shorter urethral catheterisation, RARP facilitates an earlier start of pelvic floor exercises, which reduces postoperative incontinence and need for pain relievers. Th e already mentioned technical advantages of the robotic method hold value to both patient and surgeon by securing instant access for an experienced colleague without interrupting the surgery. Noteworthy, the increasing advancement of robotic systems across the globe is leading urologist surgeons to abandon open operations. A drawback of the robotic method is much higher economic costs. However, greater expenditures may pay off in the long run by shorter hospital stays, faster rehabilitation and fewer complications demanding extra management and care.

In the context of counteracting “hybrid” aggression by the Russian Federation, an essential indicator of the state of the national economy, national security and defence is the level of efficiency of the acquisition (procurement) system as a means of state regulation. At the same time, the acquisition (procurement) system is also a means of managing the development of armaments and military equipment, which is extremely important to ensure the proper level of defence capabilities of Ukraine.The article is devoted to the study of theoretical approaches to the definition of “management mechanism” and “organisational and economic management mechanism” to define the concept of “organisational and economic management mechanism of the defence acquisition (procurement) system” and to identify external and internal factors affecting the management of this system in Ukraine for further research on ways to improve the efficiency of this management. The methodological basis of the article is the complex of methods, including methods of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, systematisation and scientific abstraction. The informational basis of the conducted research is the scientific works of the domestic and foreign scientists in the sphere of management, state (public) procurement and defence acquisitions (procurement) and awards. As a result, based on the conducted analysis, the author determines that the category “management mechanism” is a component of the “organisational and economic mechanism of functioning” of any socio-economic system and provides the author’s vision of the concept of “organisational and economic management mechanism of public defence procurement” as a set of principles and methods, functions and motives, tools and constraints that ensure decision-making on the functioning of public defence procurement in changing external and internal environment. Furthermore, author identifies external and internal factors influencing the management mechanism of the defence acquisition (procurement) system. The formulated conceptual apparatus is the basis for further study of ways to improve the efficiency of this management. The results of this analysis formed the basis for further study of ways to improve the efficiency of the defence acquisition (procurement) system management of Ukraine.

Political and Economic Problems of the Euro Area Development The aim of the article is to examine how political and economic changes introduced in the field of economic governance as a result of the economic crisis will affect the effectiveness of economic policy at the supranational level. The first part presents problems related to the political conditions of the functioning of the euro area. In the second part, proposals for institutional changes affecting the improvement of economic policy coordination were analysed. The research was based on the theory of the optimal currency area using the system method.

An optimal utilization of smart grid connected hybrid renewable energy sources is proposed in this paper. The hybrid technique is the combination of recurrent neural network and adaptive whale optimization algorithm plus tabu search, called AWOTS. The main objective is the RES optimum operation for decreasing the electricity production cost by hourly day-ahead and real time scheduling. Here, the load demands are predicted using AWOTS to develop the correct control signals based on power difference between source and load side. Adaptive whale optimization algorithm searching behaviour is adjusted by tabu search. The proposed technique is executed in the MATLAB/Simulink working platform. To test the performance of the proposed method, the load demand for the 24-hour time period is demonstrated. By then the power generated in the sources, such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine and battery by the proposed technique, is analyzed and compared with existing techniques, such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and whale optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the state of charge of the battery for the 24-hour period is compared with existing techniques. Likewise, the cost of the system is compared and error in the sources also compared. The comparison results affirm that the proposed technique has less computational time (35.001703) than the existing techniques. Moreover, the proposed method is cost-effective power production of smart grid and effective utilization of renewable energy sources without wasting the available energy.

The article explores the issues of defining the concept of legal regime of economic property and the list of elements that make up the content of the legal regime of the said property. It is emphasized that the definition of a legal regime by the totality of the elements it covers must first be combined with a "legal definition", that is, since it is a legal regime, the definition of this concept must necessarily include a legal (legal) component, what are the regulatory instruments — regulations and individual legal acts. In some cases, unless it is prohibited by law, a contractual instrument may be the regulatory instrument for determining the legal regime of property. Secondly, it is advisable to divide the elements that are included in the content of the legal regime of property into two groups: 1) static elements that can be considered as objects of the legal regime of property (types of property, its structure, legal title of property), and 2) dynamic elements (legal relations regarding the exercise of property rights, economic management rights and operational management rights, the acquisition of property and its disposal from the property sphere of the participant of economic relations, as well as the disposal of property by third parties). With this in mind, it is proposed to define the legal regime of economic property as established by the law and the owner of the property or the body authorized by him (both in an individual legal act and in the contract) a set of static (types and structure of property, its legal title) and dynamic (legal relations in order the acquisition, possession, use, disposal of such property and the recovery of property, as well as the disposal of property by authorized bodies and cre ditors). REFERENCES: 1. Sokolova I.O. Pravovyi rezhym yak katehoriia pravovoi nauky: monohrafiia. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2014. 152 p. [in Ukrainian].2. Suchasnyi slovnyk inshomovnykh sliv: Blyzko 20 tys. sliv i slovospoluchen. Ukl. O.I. Skopnenko, T.V. Tsymbaliuk. Kyiv: Dovira, 2006. 789 p. [in Ukrainian].3. Venediktov A.V. Gosudarstvennaja socialisticheskaja sobstvennost’. Moscow-Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo AS USSR, 1948. 840 p. [in Russian].4. Kharytonov Ye.O., Kharytonova O.I. Pryvatne pravo yak kontsept. Vytoky. Odesa: Feniks, 2018. Vol. I. 556 p. [in Ukrainian].5. Zamengof Z.M. Pravovoj rezhim imushhestva hozjajstvennyh organov. Moscow: Juridicheskaja literatura, 1972. 184 p. [in Russian].6. Mihajlin S.Z. Pravovoj rezhim centralizovannyh fondov i rezervov denezhnyh sredstv ministerstva: avtoref. diss. … kand. jurid. nauk. Kharkiv, 1970. 20 p. [in Russian].7. Hospodarske pravo Ukrainy: pidruchnyk. Za red. V.M. Haivoronskoho i V.P. Zhushmana. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2005. 384 p. [in Ukrainian].8. Pronska H.V. Vybrane. Kyiv: Osvita Ukrainy, 2013. 696 p. [in Ukrainian].9. Hospodarske pravo: pidruchnyk. Za zah. red. D.V. Zadykhaila, V.M. Pashkova. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2012. 696 p. [in Ukrainian].10. Hospodarske pravo: pidruchnyk. Za red. O.P. Podtserkovnoho. 3-tie vyd., dop. i pererob. Odesa: Feniks, 2018. 616 p. [in Ukrainian].11. Pudovkina O.V. Problemy opredelenija i klassifikacii pravovogo rezhima nedvizhimogo imushhestva. Vestnik Saratovskoj gosudarstvennoj juridicheskoj akademii. 2016. No. 5 (112). P. 91-96 [in Russian].12. Shcherbyna V.S. Poniattia ta zmist pravovoho rezhymu maina subiektiv hospodariuvannia. Yurydychna Ukraina. 2007. No. 1. P. 70-80 [in Ukrainian].13. Turdimatov F.K. Ponjatie pravovogo rezhima slozhnoj nedvizhimoj veshhi. Vestnik jekonomiki, prava i sociologii. 2015. No. 1. P. 143-146 [in Russian].14. Rusinov A.L. Ponjatie i jelementy pravovogo rezhima predprijatija. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Serija "Pravo". 2014. No. 3 (40). P. 106-111 [in Russian].15. Kossak V.M. Tsyvilno-pravovi problemy rehuliuvannia inozemnykh investytsii v Ukraini: avtoref. dys. … d-ra yuryd. nauk: 12.00.03. Kyiv, 1996. 48 p. [in Ukrainian].16. Semerak O.S. Pravove rehuliuvannia ta zakhyst inozemnykh investytsii (za zakonodavstvom Ukrainy, Uhorshchyny, Polshchi ta Slovachchyny). Uzhhorod, 2000. 164 p. [in Ukrainian].17. Yankova O.S. Pravove rehuliuvannia statutnoho fondu komertsiinykh orhanizatsii: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.04. Donetsk, 2000. 20 p. [in Ukrainian].18. Shchokin R.H. Pravove rehuliuvannia intelektualnoi vlasnosti u hospodarskii systemi rozvytku Ukrainy: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.04. Kyiv, 2014. 19 p. [in Ukrainian].19. Tokunova A.V. Pravovyi rezhym faktorynhu: avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.04. Donetsk, 2012. 19 p. [in Ukrainian].20. Ahmet’janova Z.A. Pravovoj status imushhestva juridicheskih lic: diss. … kand. jurid. nauk: 12.00.03. Kazan’, 1997. 228 p. [in Russian].21. Podshivalov T.P. Ob’ekt grazhdanskih prav i pravovoj rezhim: problema opredelenija. Vestnik JuUrGU. Serija "Pravo". 2013, Vol. 13. No. 3. P. 49-54.

Despite heightened interest of the international and national financial institutions and enterprises of the real economic sector in distributed data storage technologies, there are very few research dedicated to the problems of assessment of blockchain platforms’ potential in socioeconomic environment and their theoretical comprehension. The existing works usually reveal either a technical side of the object of research, or normative legal aspects of applicability of blockchain technologies in national economy. The object of this article is the financial sector of national economy of the Russian Federation. The subject is the relations established between the participants of financial market based on blockchain technologies and the effects thereof. An attempt is made to fill the gaps in studying such aspects as economic and social effects of implementation of blockchain technologies into the activity of economic entities. Based on assessment of the forming effects, caused by integration of the distributed data storage technologies into the system of economic operations, the author carries out a formalized assessment and scenario modeling of the dynamics of GDP growth in the new institutional economic conditions. This research is aimed as strengthening the positions of formalized approaches towards studying the articulated scientific-practical problem on the background of overwhelming dominance of qualitative approaches towards examination of blockchain technologies.

In this paper, 11 indexes were selected from three aspects: water resources environment, economy and society to construct the evaluation index system, and the main component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the carrying capacity of water resources in Henan province for the past three years. The research results show that: 1. During the current period, the carrying capacity of water resources in Henan Province has been steadily increasing. The cities with good carrying capacity of water resources are: Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang and Nanyang; Cities with better water resources capacity include Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Jiaozuo and Xinyang; The remaining cities have general water resources carrying capacity;The contribution of each subsystem to the integrated carrying capacity of water resources is increasing year by year, among which the contribution of water resources environmental subsystem and economic subsystem is the largest and the contribution of social subsystem is relatively stable.The conclusion shows that the development level of Waterscape tourism industry in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Jiaozuo and other areas is higher, while the Waterscape tourism industry in Luohe, Xuchang, Zhoukou and other areas is lower. The development level of Waterscape tourism industry in Henan Province from the view of the overall spatial pattern is higher. The water resources management and utilization level of henan is relatively high.

The problem of assessing and justifying the cost-effectiveness of creating various elements of an innovation ecosystem of territories, in particular, regions has been analyzed in the article. Most of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are working on the formation of innovative ecosystems in the context of strategic economic management. However, this raises the issue of budget and economic cost-effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach and the main directions of determining the effectiveness of the formation of innovative ecosystems.It has been shown, that it is incorrect to evaluate efficiency only by the direct budget effect. Based on expert interviews the main effects of the development of the region’s innovation ecosystem have been identified and classified. It has been allowed us to clarify specific areas of the influence of the innovation ecosystem on a number of economic indicators, including the gross regional product. The formulas for calculating the most important effects of the development of innovative ecosystems in terms of value have been proposed. The influence of innovation ecosystems on the achievement of public goals of socio-economic development of territories has been noted. Based on data on the development of an innovation ecosystem with a core in the form of a regional support university and the implementation of student entrepreneurial projects, key effects arising from costs from various sources have been identified.It has been shown, that additional costs for the development of innovative ecosystems can be fully justified, provided that a full-fledged funnel of projects is implemented. Attention has been paid to the problem of more complete and accurate assessments of the long-term effects of the development of an innovation ecosystem for spatial significance, migration attractiveness, and the development of human capital of the territory. Conclusions about the significant impact of costs on the formation of an innovation ecosystem on the development of the territory (both existing and potential) have been made.