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Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Se desconoce si los pacientes jovenes con estenosis aortica grave tienen una esperanza de vida restaurada tras el reemplazo de la valvula aortica (RVAo). Metodos Se incluyo a todos los pacientes entre 50 y 65 anos sometidos a RVAo en 27 centros espanoles durante 18 anos. Se comparo la supervivencia observada y la esperada a los 15 anos de seguimiento. Se repitieron todos los analisis con los pacientes sin complicaciones durante el posoperatorio inmediato. Resultados Se analizo a 5.084 pacientes. En la muestra total, la supervivencia observada a los 10 y los 15 anos fue del 85,3% (IC95%, 84,1-86,4%) y el 73,7% (IC95%, 71,6-75,6%). Las supervivencias esperadas fueron del 90,1 y el 82,1%. La supervivencia relativa acumulada a 1, 5, 10 y 15 anos de seguimiento fue del 97,4% (IC95%, 96,9-97,9%), el 96,5% (IC95%, 95,7-97,3%), el 94,7% (IC95%, 93,3-95,9%) y el 89,8% (IC95%, 87,3-92,1%). Para los pacientes sin complicaciones, la supervivencia relativa acumulada a 1, 5, 10 y 15 anos fue del 100,3% (IC95%, 99,8-100,5%), el 98,9% (IC95% 97,6-99,9%), el 97,3% (IC95%, 94,9-99,4%) y el 91,9% (IC95%, 86,5-96,8%). Conclusiones La esperanza de vida de los pacientes jovenes con estenosis aortica grave intervenidos para RVAo es menor que la de la poblacion general. La esperanza de vida de los pacientes sin complicaciones durante el posoperatorio inmediato tambien esta reducida. Por lo tanto, las caracteristicas basales probablemente sean los principales factores que explican la reduccion de la esperanza de vida.

Introduction and objectives: In young patients with severe aortic stenosis, it is unknown whether their life expectancy restored after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is unknown. Methods: We analyzed all patients aged between 50 and 65 years who underwent isolated AVR in 27 Spanish centers during an 18-year period. We compared observed and expected survival at 15 years of follow-up. We repeated all analyses for patients without complications in the postoperative period. Results: A total of 5084 patients were analyzed. For the overall sample, observed survival at 10 and 15 years was 85.3% (95%CI, 84.1%-86.4%) and 73.7% (95%CI, 71.6%-75.6%), respectively. Expected survival was 90.1% and 82.1%. Cumulative relative survival for 1, 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up was 97.4% (95%CI, 96.9%-97.9%), 96.5% (95%CI, 95.7%-97.3%), 94.7% (95%CI, 93.3%-95.9%), and 89.8% (95%CI, 87.3%-92.1%). For patients without complications, cumulative relative survival for 1, 5, 10 and 15 years was 100.3% (95%CI, 99.8%-100.5%), 98.9% (95%CI 97.6% -99.9%), 97.3% (95%CI, 94.9%-99.4%), and 91.9% (95%CI, 86.5%-96.8%). Conclusion: Life expectancy in young patients who have severe aortic stenosis and undergo AVR is lower than that of the general population. Life expectancy of individuals without complications during the postoperative period is also reduced. Therefore, baseline characteristics are likely the main factors that explain the reduction in life expectancy. (C) 2021 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVES Some researchers have observed an increased number of deaths during the follow-up of young patients who undergo aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic stenosis, suggesting that this procedure does not restore their life expectancy. Our goal was to confirm these findings and explore sex-based differences. METHODS All patients between 50 and 65 years of age who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement in 27 Spanish centres during an 18-year period were included. We compared observed and expected survival at 15 years of follow-up and estimated the cumulative incidence of death from a competing risks point of view. We stratified by sex and analysed if being a woman was an independent risk factor for death. RESULTS For men, the observed survival at 10 and 15 years of follow-up was 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83.6%–86.4%] and 72.3% (95% CI 69.7%–74.7%), respectively whereas the expected survival was 88.1% and 78.8%. For women, the observed survival at 10 and 15 years was 85% (95% CI 82.8%–86.9%) and 73% (95% CI 69.1%–76.4%), whereas the expected survival was 94.6% and 89.4%. At 15 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of death due to the disease in men and women was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In addition, being a woman was an independent risk factor for death (hazard ratio = 1.23 (95% CI 1.02–1.48; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS After the aortic valve replacement, men and women do not have their life expectancy restored, but this loss is much higher in women than in men. In addition, being a woman is a risk factor for long-term death. Reasons for these findings are unknown and must be investigated.

Mechanical complications confer a dreadful prognosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Their prevalence and prognosis are not well-defined in the current era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) reperfusion networks. We aimed to analyze prevalence and mortality trends of post-STEMI mechanical complications over 2 decades, before and after the establishment of pPCI networks.Prospective, consecutive registry of STEMI patients within a region of 850 000 inhabitants over 2 decades: a pre-pPCI period (1990-2000) and a pPCI period (2007-2017). We analyzed the prevalence of mechanical complications, including ventricular septal rupture, papillary muscle rupture, and free wall rupture (FWR). Twenty eight-day and 1-year mortality trends were compared between the 2 studied decades.A total of 6033 STEMI patients were included (pre-pPCI period, n=2250; pPCI period, n=3783). Reperfusion was supported by thrombolysis in the pre-pPCI period (99.1%) and by pPCI in in the pPCI period (95.7%). Mechanical complications developed in 135 patients (2.2%): ventricular septal rupture in 38 patients, papillary muscle rupture in 24, and FWR in 73 patients. FWR showed a relative reduction of 60% in the pPCI period (0.8% vs 2.0%, P.001), without significant interperiod changes in the other mechanical complications. After multivariate adjustment, FWR remained higher in the pre-pPCI period (OR, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.10-3.41; P=.023). At 28 days and 1 year, mortality showed no significant changes in all the mechanical complications studied.The establishment of regional pPCI networks has modified the landscape of mechanical complications in STEMI. FWR is less frequent in the pPCI era, likely due to reduced transmural infarcts.

OBJECTIVES This study reports long-term clinical outcomes—up to 17 years—among patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with the On-X bileaflet mechanical valve. Prior data regarding long-term outcomes with the On-X mitral valve have been limited. METHODS This retrospective observational study included all patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with the On-X (Standard or Conform-X) valve at 2 major Spanish cardiac surgery centres between 2001 and 2018. The primary study end point was freedom from death. The secondary study end points included surgical mortality and freedom from any valve-related events. Data were obtained from an institutional database, medical records review, direct telephone interviews or the Spanish population registry. Statistical and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 661 patients (mean age 63.1 ± 10.9 years, 63% female) were followed for a mean of 5.6 years (range, 0–17.4 years). Survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 85%, 71% and 63%, respectively. Surgical mortality was 7.3% (48/661). The linearized rate of global mortality was 1.3% patient-year. Freedom from reoperation was 97%, 95% and 92% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively; freedom from anticoagulation-related events was 94%, 89% and 89%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that mortality increased with total length of stay, age, smoking history, severe pulmonary hypertension and a permanent pacemaker. Patients who received the On-X 25 -mm valve had decreased long-term survival relative to patients who received other On-X valve sizes, possibly due to underlying risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Patients in this study showed good long-term survival and freedom from valve-related events.

Introducción y objetivos: la oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) ha resultado ser una opción terapéutica en los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria y/o cardiaca severa por COVID-19. Las indicaciones y manejo de estos pacientes están aún por determinar. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los resultados de la terapia ECMO en pacientes COVID-19 incluidos en un registro prospectivo e intentar optimizar los resultados. Métodos: en marzo de 2020 se inició un registro multicéntrico anónimo prospectivo de pacientes COVID-19 tratados mediante ECMO veno-arterial (V- A) o veno-venosa (V-V). Se registraron las variables clínicas, analíticas y respiratorias pre-implante, datos de implante y evolución de la terapia. El evento primario fue la mortalidad hospitalaria de cualquier causa y los eventos secundarios fueron la recuperación funcional y el evento combinado de recuperación funcional y mortalidad de cualquier causa a partir de los 3 meses de seguimiento post-alta. Resultados: se analizaron un total de 365 pacientes procedentes de 25 hospitales, 347 V-V y 18 V-A (edad media 52.7 y 49.4 años respectivamente). Los pacientes con ECMO V-V fueron más obesos, presentaban menos fracaso orgánico diferente al pulmonar y precisaron menos terapia inotrópica previa al implante. El 33.3% y 34.9% de los pacientes con ECMO V-A y V-V respectivamente fueron dados de alta del hospital (p=NS) y la mortalidad fue similar, del 56.2% y 50.9% de los casos respectivamente, la inmensa mayoría durante la ECMO y predominantemente por fracaso multiorgánico. El 14.0% (51 pacientes) permanecían ingresados. El seguimiento medio fue de 196+/-101.7 días. En el análisis multivariante, resultaron protectores de evento primario en pacientes con ECMO V-V el peso corporal (OR 0.967, IC 95% 0.95-0.99, p=0.004) y la procedencia del propio hospital (OR 0.48, IC 95% 0.27-0.88, p=0.018), mientras que la edad (OR 1.063, IC 95% 1.005-1.12, p=0.032), la hipertensión arterial (3.593, IC 95% 1.06-12.19, p=0.04) y las complicaciones en ECMO globales (2.44, IC 95% 0.27-0.88, p=0.019), digestivas (OR 4,23, IC 95% 1.27-14.07, p=0.019) y neurológicas (OR 4.66, IC 95% 1.39-15.62, p=0.013) fueron predictores independientes de mortalidad. El único predictor independiente de aparición de los eventos secundarios resultó el momento de seguimiento del paciente. Conclusiones: la terapia con ECMO permite supervivencias hospitalarias hasta del 50% en pacientes con COVID-19 grave. La edad, la HTA y las complicaciones en ECMO son los predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con ECMO V-V. Un mayor peso corporal y la procedencia del propio hospital son factores protectores. La recuperación funcional sólo se ve influenciada por el tiempo de seguimiento transcurrido tras el alta. La estandarización de los criterios de implante y manejo del paciente con COVID grave, mejoraría los resultados y la futura investigación clínica

Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that diminishes potential functional recovery after any surgical procedure. Preoperative surgical risk assessment is crucial to calibrate the risk and benefit of cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to test usefulness of FRAIL Scale and other surgical-risk-scales and individual features of frailty in cardiac aortic valve surgery. Methods: Prospective study. From May-2014 to February-2016, we collected 200 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement, either surgically or transcatheter. At 1-year follow-up, quality of life measurements were recorded using the EQ-5D (EuroQol). Univariate and multivariate analyses correlated preoperative condition, features of frailty and predicted risk scores with mortality, morbidity and quality of life at 1 year of follow-up. Results: Mean age 78.2y, 56%male. Mean-preoperative-scores: FRAIL scale 1.5(SD 1.02), STS 2.9(SD 1.13), BI 93.8(SD 7.3), ESlog I 12.8(SD 8.5) and GS 7.3s (SD 1.9). Morbidity at discharge, 6 m and 1 year was 51%, 14% and 28%. Mortality 4%. Survival at 6m/ 1-y was 97% / 88%. Complication-rate was higher in TAVI group due to-vascular complications. Renal dysfunction, anemia, social dependence and GS slower than 7 seconds were associated with morbidity. On multivariate analysis adjusted STS, BI and GS speed were statistically significant. Quality of life at 1-year follow-up adjusted for age and prosthesis type showed a significant association with STS and FRAIL scale scores. Conclusions: Frailty increases surgical risk and is associated with higher morbidity. Preoperative GS slower 7 s, and STS and FRAIL scale scores seem to be reliable predictors of quality of life at 1-year follow-up.

Background Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that diminishes potential functional recovery after any surgical procedure. Preoperative surgical risk assessment is crucial to calibrate the risk and benefit of cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to test usefulness of FRAIL Scale and other surgical-risk-scales and individual features of frailty in cardiac aortic valve surgery. Methods Prospective study. From May-2014 to February-2016, we collected 200 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement, either surgically or transcatheter. At 1-year follow-up, quality of life measurements were recorded using the EQ-5D (EuroQol). Univariate and multivariate analyses correlated preoperative condition, features of frailty and predicted risk scores with mortality, morbidity and quality of life at 1 year of follow-up. Results Mean age 78.2y, 56%male. Mean-preoperative-scores: FRAIL scale 1.5(SD 1.02), STS 2.9(SD 1.13), BI 93.8(SD 7.3), ESlog I 12.8(SD 8.5) and GS 7.3 s (SD 1.9). Morbidity at discharge, 6 m and 1 year was 51, 14 and 28%. Mortality 4%. Survival at 6 m/ 1-y was 97% / 88%. Complication-rate was higher in TAVI group due to-vascular complications. Renal dysfunction, anemia, social dependence and GS slower than 7 s were associated with morbidity. On multivariate analysis adjusted STS, BI and GS speed were statistically significant. Quality of life at 1-year follow-up adjusted for age and prosthesis type showed a significant association with STS and FRAIL scale scores. Conclusions Frailty increases surgical risk and is associated with higher morbidity. Preoperative GS slower 7 s, and STS and FRAIL scale scores seem to be reliable predictors of quality of life at 1-year follow-up.

Long-term real-world outcomes are critical for informing decisions about biological (Bio) or mechanical (Mech) prostheses for aortic valve replacement, particularly in patients aged between 50 and 65 years. The objective was to compare long-term survival and major adverse cardiac and cardiovascular events (ie, stroke, reoperation, and major bleeding) within this population.This was a multicenter observational study including all patients aged between 50 and 65 years who underwent an aortic valve replacement because of severe isolated aortic stenosis between the years 2000 and 2018. A total of 5215 patients from 27 Spanish hospitals were registered with a follow-up of 15 years. Multivariable analyses, including a 2:1 propensity score matching (1822 Mech and 911 Bio) and competing risks analyses were applied.Bio prostheses were implanted in 19% of patients (n = 992). No significant differences were observed between matched groups in long-term survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.47; P = .33). Stroke rates were higher for Mech prostheses, but not significant (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-1.03; P = .07). Finally, higher rates of major bleeding were found in the Mech group (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.87; P = .004), whereas reoperation was more frequent among the Bio group (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.80-5.14; P .001). Bio prostheses increased from 13% in the period from 2000 to 2008 to 24% in 2009 to 2018.Long-term survival was comparable among groups in patients between 50 and 65 years of age. Mech prostheses were associated with a higher risk of major bleeding, whereas Bio prostheses entailed higher reoperation rates. Bio prostheses seem a reasonable choice for patients between 50 and 65 years in Spain.

International audience; Objective: Sutureless aortic valves are a novel option for aortic valve replacement. We sought to demonstrate noninferiority of sutureless versus standard bioprostheses in severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.Methods: The Perceval Sutureless Implant Versus Standard-Aortic Valve Replacement is a prospective, randomized, adaptive, open-label trial. Patients were randomized (March 2016 to September 2018) to aortic valve replacement with a sutureless or stented valve using conventional or minimally invasive approach. Primary outcome was freedom from major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or valve reintervention) at 1 year.Results: At 47 centers (12 countries), 910 patients were randomized to sutureless (n = 453) or conventional stented (n = 457) valves; mean ages were 75.4 ± 5.6 and 75.0 ± 6.1 years, and 50.1% and 44.9% were female, respectively. Mean ± standard deviation Society of Thoracic Surgeons scores were 2.4 ± 1.7 and 2.1 ± 1.3, and a ministernotomy approach was used in 50.4% and 47.3%, respectively. Concomitant procedures were performed with similar rates in both groups. Noninferiority was demonstrated for major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events at 1 year, whereas aortic valve hemodynamics improved equally in both groups. Use of sutureless valves significantly reduced surgical times (mean extracorporeal circulation times: 71.0 ± 34.1 minutes vs 87.8 ± 33.9 minutes; mean crossclamp times: 48.5 ± 24.7 vs 65.2 ± 23.6; both P < .0001), but resulted in a higher rate of pacemaker implantation (11.1% vs 3.6% at 1 year). Incidences of perivalvular and central leak were similar.Conclusions: Sutureless valves were noninferior to stented valves with respect to major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events at 1 year in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (alone or with coronary artery bypass grafting). This suggests that sutureless valves should be considered as part of a comprehensive valve program.

Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that diminishes potential functional recovery after any surgical procedure. Preoperative surgical risk assessment is crucial to calibrate the risk and benefit of cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to test usefulness of FRAIL Scale and other surgical-risk-scales and individual features of frailty. Methods: Prospective study. From May-2014 to February-2016, we collected 200 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement, either surgically or transcatheter. At 1-year follow-up, quality of life measurements were recorded using the EQ-5D (EuroQol). Univariate and multivariate analyses correlated preoperative condition, features of frailty and predicted risk scores with mortality, morbidity and quality of life at 1 year of follow-up. Results: Mean age 78.2y, 56%male. Mean-preoperative-scores: FRAIL scale 1.5(SD 1.02), STS 2.9(SD 1.13), BI 93.8(SD 7.3), ESlog I 12.8(SD 8.5) and GS 7.3s (SD 1.9). Morbidity at discharge, 6 m and 1 year was 51%, 14% and 28%. Mortality 4%. Survival at 6m/ 1-y was 97% / 88%. Complication-rate was higher in TAVI group due to-vascular complications. Renal dysfunction, anemia, social dependence and GS slower than 7 seconds were associated with morbidity. On multivariate analysis adjusted STS, BI and GS speed were statistically significant. Quality of life at 1-year follow-up adjusted for age and prosthesis type showed a significant association with STS and FRAIL scale scores.Conclusions: Frailty increases surgical risk and is associated with higher morbidity. Preoperative GS slower 7 s, and STS and FRAIL scale scores seem to be reliable predictors of quality of life at 1-year follow-up.

Mechanical heart valves (MHV) require life-long anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA), but anticoagulation management is complex in patients with cancer due to a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding. This is a retrospective, single-center study to assess anticoagulation management and thrombotic (stroke/valve thrombosis) and bleeding events in patients with active cancer and MHV. The incidence of thrombotic complications was compared to a control group (matched 1:1) of patients with MHV but without cancer. We included 48 patients, 60% of whom had aortic prostheses, 23% mitral prostheses and 17% both types. All patients received VKA as anticoagulant. With a median follow-up of 5.12 years, we observed two arterial thrombotic events (two strokes and no heart valve thrombosis). The 5-year incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of stroke/valve thrombosis was 5.7% (0.9-17.9%). The control group had a similar incidence of stroke/valve thrombosis (5-year incidence 7.9% [95%CI 2-19.8], p = 0.16). There were also 15 major bleeding episodes in the cancer group, 11 of which were related to a surgical procedure. The 5-year incidence (95% CI) of major bleeding was 32.9% (18.5-48%), and that of major bleeding unrelated to any procedure was 10.3% (3-23%). We found a low incidence of thrombotic events in this series of patients with active cancer and MHV who were anticoagulated with VKA. However, the incidence of bleeding was high, particularly in relation to invasive procedures.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El posoperatorio de cirugia cardiaca incluye el traslado desde la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) a la sala convencional. Las unidades de cuidados intermedios (UCIn) permiten la optimizacion de recursos hospitalarios. Se ha analizado el impacto de una UCIn en las estancias medias (en la UCI y hospitalaria) y los resultados (mortalidad hospitalaria y reingresos a los 30 dias) tras la cirugia cardiaca (UCIn- CC ). Metodos Desde noviembre de 2012 hasta abril de 2015, ingresaron para cirugia cardiaca 1.324 pacientes consecutivos. Se implemento una UCIn-CC (mayo de 2014). Los pacientes se clasificaron en 2 grupos: pre-UCIn-CC (noviembre de 2012 a abril de 2014; n = 674) y post-UCIn-CC (mayo de 2014 a abril de 2015; n = 650). Resultados No se observaron diferencias significativas en edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, EuroSCORE 2, fraccion de eyeccion o tipo de cirugia (el 53% valvular, el 26% coronaria, el 11,5% valvular y coronaria y el 1,8% de aorta). La estancia en la UCI disminuyo del pre-UCIn-CC al post-UCIn-CC una media ± desviacion estandar de 4,9 ± 11 a 2,9 ± 6 dias (p Conclusiones Tras la implementacion de una UCIn-CC para el cuidado del posoperatorio de cirugia cardiaca, se observo una reduccion de las estancias medias en la UCI y hospitalaria, sin que aumentaran la mortalidad hospitalaria ni los reingresos a los 30 dias.

Resumen Objetivo La introduccion de las nuevas protesis aorticas sin sutura ha supuesto una alternativa para el tratamiento quirurgico de la estenosis aortica severa. Presentamos la experiencia de nuestro grupo tras el inicio de un programa con protesis Perceval S (Livanova, Saluggia, Italia). Pacientes y metodos Entre marzo de 2012 y octubre de 2016 se implanto la protesis Perceval S en 262 pacientes (edad media: 77,97 ± 6,12 anos; 56,49% de mujeres). En 176 casos (67,18%) se realizo sustitucion valvular aortica aislada, con miniesternotomia en un 36,9%. El seguimiento clinico y ecocardiografico se realizo al alta, a los 6 meses y anualmente. Resultados La mortalidad esperada fue del 14,19 ± 1,31% (Euroscore log I ) y del 7,47 ± 1,11% (Euroscore log II ). La mortalidad observada fue del 4,23%. Hubo complicaciones neurologicas en 2 pacientes (0,94%), y fuga periprotesica moderada al alta en 2 pacientes. El seguimiento medio fue de 26 ± 6,2 meses. La mortalidad en el seguimiento fue del 1,9% (4 pacientes); estabilidad de las fugas grado II en el seguimiento; gradiente medio de 10,2 mmHg. El 95% de los pacientes se encontraban en grado funcional I - II . Conclusiones El inicio de un programa de implante de protesis sin sutura Perceval S ha permitido intervenir a pacientes de alto riesgo con buenos resultados y baja morbilidad. La protesis ha demostrado ser muy versatil, tener un excelente comportamiento hemodinamico y favorecer la cirugia de minimo acceso.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El empleo de doble mamaria se ha asociado con un aumento de complicaciones esternales, especialmente en pacientes diabeticos y obesos. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los factores de riesgo de aquellos pacientes en los que se ha usado doble mamaria y la tasa de complicacion esternal en este grupo. Metodos De nuestra base de datos se ha seleccionado a 526 pacientes revascularizados quirurgicamente con uso de doble arteria mamaria. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 59 anos, con un EuroScore logistico-1 medio de 2,7%. Resultados Presentaron dehiscencia esternal 3 pacientes (0,57%), no se correlaciono con ningun factor de riesgo. Problemas de herida tanto superficial como profunda 31 pacientes (5.9%), (2 mediastinitis-0.38%). Con respecto a los pacientes que presentaron infeccion superficial de la herida quirurgica (29 pacientes, 5,513%), se obtuvo mayor incidencia en mujeres, pacientes con insuficiencia renal y aquellos a los que se les realizo transfusion de concentrado de hematies en quirofano, Siendo estas diferencias estadisticamente significativas (p Tambien hubo mayor incidencia de infeccion superficial en pacientes diabeticos, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica, obesos, fumadores y a aquellos a los que se les realizo revascularizacion miocardica incompleta, siendo estas diferencias no significativas. Conclusiones En nuestra experiencia, la utilizacion de doble mamaria no se acompano de mayor incidencia de dehiscencia esternal, pero si con problemas de infeccion superficial de la herida, sobre todo en el grupo de pacientes mujeres, con insuficiencia renal y transfundidos en quirofano. Para mantener el beneficio de la doble mamaria en estos pacientes, deberiamos ser especialmente cuidadosos e implementar nuevas estrategias de cierre esternal.

Long-term real-world outcomes are critical to support medical decisions about using biological (B) or mechanical (M) prostheses for aortic valve replacement (AVR), particularly in patients aged between 50 and 65 years. This study aims to provide new evidence from a large national database on long

OBJECTIVES: The development of new percutaneous and surgical techniques has reduced the risk associated with aortic valve replacement procedures. We present the results of a Spanish register after initiating a programme for sutureless prostheses in moderatehigh-risk patients. METHODS: This prospective multicentre study was carried out from November 2013 to November 2016. Data were obtained from 448 patients in whom a Perceval S prosthesis was implanted. RESULTS: The mean age was 79.24 (standard deviation [SD] 4.1) years, and 61.2% were women. The estimated EuroSCORE I log risk was 11.15% (SD 7.6), with an observed mortality of 4.4% (20 patients). Isolated aortic valve replacement was performed on 69.26% of patients, with 64% involving ministernotomy. The incidence of neurological events was 2%, with 2 permanent cerebrovascular accidents, and 41 (9.2%) patients were implanted with a permanent endocavitary pacemaker. At discharge, 12 (2.6%) patients presented minimal periprosthetic leakage, and 4 (0.89%) patients had moderate leakage. There were 3 reinterventions during follow-up (2 endocarditis and 1 dysfunction due to periprosthetic leak progression). The mean gradient at discharge, 6 months and 1 year was 12.94 (SD 5.3) mmHg, 12.19 (SD 4.7) mmHg and 11.77 (SD 4.7) mmHg, respectively; 59.4% of the patients were octogenarians, with a survival rate of 98% at both 6 months and 1 year at discharge. There was neither valve migration nor early structural degeneration. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 3 months. The 6-month and 1-year mortality was 1.4% and 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is a prospective multicentric study on the largest cohort of patients with sutureless valves conducted in Spain to date. It is a reproducible procedure that has enabled surgery on patients with a moderatehigh risk with low morbidity and mortality, providing good haemodynamic results.

Introduction and objectives Current postoperative management of adult cardiac surgery often comprises transfer from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a conventional ward. Intermediate care units (IMCU) permit hospital resource optimization. We analyzed the impact of an IMCU on length of stay (both ICU and in-hospital) and outcomes (in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmissions) after adult cardiac surgery (IMCU-CS). Methods From November 2012 to April 2015, 1324 consecutive patients were admitted to a university hospital for cardiac surgery. In May 2014, an IMCU-CS was established for postoperative care. For the purposes of this study, patients were classified into 2 groups, depending on the admission period: pre-IMCU-CS (November 2012-April 2014, n = 674) and post-IMCU-CS (May 2014-April 2015, n = 650). Results There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, risk factors, comorbidities, EuroSCORE 2, left ventricular ejection fraction, or the types of surgery (valvular in 53%, coronary in 26%, valvular plus coronary in 11.5%, and aorta in 1.8%). The ICU length of stay decreased from 4.9 ± 11 to 2.9 ± 6 days (mean ± standard deviation; P

ResumenIntroducción y objetivosLa reparación mitral es adecuada cuando en el control ecocardiográfico poscirculación extracorpórea no hay insuficiencia mitral residual o es ligera. Poco se conoce de la evolución clínica y ecocardiográfica de esta insuficiencia mitral ligera residual. El objetivo del estudio era valorar la evolución clínica y ecocardiográfica de los enfermos según la presencia o no de insuficiencia mitral residual ligera poscirugía.MétodosEstudio prospectivo de pacientes con reparación mitral por regurgitación mitral severa degenerativa operados durante el período comprendido entre 2002–2010.ResultadosFueron intervenidos 105 pacientes con afectación de 1 o 2 segmentos según la clasificación de Carpentier (edad media 67±12 años, hombres 61%). En 102 casos (97,1%), la reparación mitral fue adecuada, y en 3 (2,9%) no, sustituyéndose la válvula. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 2,9% (EuroSCORE logístico 5±5,5%). En el ecocardiograma transesofágico en quirófano, de los 102 pacientes reparados satisfactoriamente, 69 no presentaban insuficiencia mitral residual (grupo A) y 33 presentaban una regurgitación leve (grupo B). Durante el seguimiento [mediana 37 meses (1–105)], la evolución clínica fue correcta, aunque los pacientes del grupo B evolucionaron peor desde el punto de vista ecocardiográfico por recidiva más precoz de la insuficiencia mitral.ConclusionesLa reparación valvular mitral se ha mostrado como una técnica segura y eficaz. La ausencia de insuficiencia mitral al final de la reparación determina una mejor evolución con mínima recidiva durante un seguimiento a medio plazo.AbstractIntroduction and objectivesA successful mitral valve repair is considered when no or mild residual regurgitation is determined in the echocardiography after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Little is known about the clinical and echocardiographic outcome, in the medium term, of the patients with mild residual regurgitation post-repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcome depending on the presence or absence of mild residual regurgitation after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypassMethodsA prospective study was conducted on patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation, who underwent mitral valve repair in our hospital during the period 2002–2010.ResultsMitral valve repair was performed on 105 patients (66%males, mean age 67±12 years-old) with prolapse of 1 or 2 scallops/segments according to the Carpentier classification. In three patients the repair was not adequate and the valve was replaced. The successful repair rate was 97.1%. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, 69 patients had no residual regurgitation (group A), and in 33 it was mild (group B). The postoperative mortality was 2.9% (logistic EuroSCORE 5±5.5%). During a median follow-up period of 37 months (1–105) both groups had improved their clinical condition, but group B patients suffered an earlier II or III mitral regurgitation recurrence.ConclusionsMitral valve repair proved to be a safe and effective technique. Absence of mitral regurgitation post-repair determines a better outcome with minimal recurrence in the medium term.

OBJECTIVES In high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, aortic valve replacement (AVR) with a sutureless Perceval prosthesis (SU-AVR) can be performed instead of conventional AVR or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Little data are available regarding postoperative conduction disorders after SU-AVR. We aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of new-onset complete atrioventricular block (NO-AVB) requiring permanent cardiac stimulation following SU-AVR. METHODS We studied consecutive patients who underwent SU-AVR between 2013 and 2015. Early patients underwent partial aortic decalcification and subannular valve implantation (standard technique), while later patients underwent complete/symmetrical decalcification and intra-annular valve deployment (modified technique). Predictive baseline and procedural variables and electrocardiographic parameters were identified using a logistic regression model. RESULTS We included 140 patients (mean age, 78 ± 6.5 years; mean Log EuroSCORE II, 8.9 ± 10%; 28.6% concomitant myocardial revascularization). The most common postoperative conduction disturbances were LBBB (25%), NO-AVB (12.1%) and first-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) (7.9%). The incidence of NO-AVB was 61% lower with the modified versus the standard technique (P= 0.04). NO-AVB predominantly appeared within 24 h post-surgery, occurring >24 h post-surgery in only 2 patients (both with baseline conduction defects). Independent predictors of NO-AVB included baseline left QRS axis deviation (LaQD; P= 0.03), first-degree AVB (P< 0.01) and standard surgical technique (P= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS NO-AVB is a frequent complication following SU-AVR, and its incidence strongly depends on the surgical technique. Baseline first-degree AVB and LaQD independently predict NO-AVB and should be considered when deciding the duration of postoperative electrocardiographic monitoring.

Objetivos Evaluar los resultados de la ablacion epicardica de las venas pulmonares mediante ultrasonidos de alta intensidad (HIFU). Material y metodos Desde marzo de 2006 – agosto de 2011, 67 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro servicio han recibido algun tipo de ablacion por fibrilacion auricular (FA). De ellos, 58 han sido tratados exclusivamente con ablacion epicardica de las venas pulmonares con HIFU. En 19 (33%), la FA era paroxistica, en 5 (9%) persistente y en 34 (58%) permanente. El 68% varones, edad media 65 ± 11 anos (36–79). Tiempo medio de evolucion de la FA de 7 ± 10 anos (1 mes – 46 anos). El tamano medio de la auricula izquierda fue 50 ± 7 mm (35–77). Resultados Globalmente, al mes un 54% de los pacientes estan en ritmo sinusal, 63% a los 6 meses y 1 ano, 69% a los 2 anos, y 74% a los 3 anos. En las FA paroxisticas, la tasa de ritmo sinusal al mes es del 82%, 79% a los 6 meses, 90% al ano y 100% a los 2 y 3 anos. En las FA persistentes y permanentes, la tasa de ritmo sinusal al mes es del 42%, 56% a los 6 meses, 54% al ano, 62% a los 2 anos y 69% al tercer ano. Conclusiones La ablacion epicardica de las venas pulmonares mediante HIFU permite conseguir ritmo sinusal en un 74% de pacientes a 3 anos. El beneficio es claramente superior en los casos de FA paroxistica, aunque hasta un 69% de pacientes con FA persistente/permanente mantienen ritmo sinusal a 3 anos.

Las complicaciones tromboembolicas y hemorragicas a largo plazo tras sustitucion valvular mitral con protesis mecanicas han sido comunicadas en la literatura. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios con la valvula mecanica On-X Conform (MCRI). La protesis mitral On-X Conform tiene un unico tamano (25–33), con un orificio efectivo de 3,73 cm2, y se implanta en posicion supraanular (cara auricular). Material y metodos Entre 2000-2009 se implanto la protesis On-X Conform en posicion mitral en 353 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados retrospectivamente a partir de los registros de la base de datos del servicio de cirugia cardiaca y se realizo un seguimiento via telefonica, visita medica y busquedas en historia clinica. De ese grupo, se analizan 138 pacientes con patologia mitral (±tricuspide) aislada, y con un minimo de 1 ano de seguimiento. El seguimiento fue del 100%, con un seguimiento maximo de 7,66 anos y medio de 4,53 (591,87 patient-years-follow-up). Todos los pacientes iniciaron tratamiento anticoagulante con Sintrom® con indice internacional normalizado (INR) diana entre 2,5–3,5 y fueron controlados en su hospital o CAP de referencia (n.o medio controles/ano 10,8). Conclusiones 1) La protesis On-X Conform mitral puede implantarse de forma segura en cualquier paciente que requiera sustitucion valvular mitral; 2) En el seguimiento, las complicaciones relacionadas con la valvula han sido muy bajas, con tasas de tromboembolia del 1% ppy y hemorragia del 0,3% ppy. Resultados Trombosis 0,5% ppy Tromboembolia 1,01% ppy Hemorragia mayor 0,3% ppy Leak perivalvular 0,16% ppy Endocarditis 0,5% ppy Hemolisis 0 Disfuncion estructural 0 Disfuncion no estructural 0,16% ppy Reoperaciones relacionada valvula 0,84% ppy Explantes 0,67% ppy Muerte subita 0 Mortalidad relacionada valvula 0,33% ppy Morbilidad y mortalidad total 2,18% ppy

La valvula Mitroflow (Sorin Group) ha sido utilizada frecuentemente como sustituto protesico en la valvulopatia aortica. Sin embargo algunos estudios han favorecido la duda acerca del deterioro estructural acelerado de dicha protesis incluso en pacientes de edad avanzada. Material y metodos Analizamos de forma retrospectiva nuestra experiencia en los ultimos 10 anos. El seguimiento medio fue de 4,2 anos y completo en el 97%. En el periodo de enero de 2001 a 2010 se implantaron 181 protesis Mitroflow. Edad media al implante 76,0 ± 5,6 anos (83,4% mayores de 69 anos); 61,4% mujeres; 95% estenosis aortica (EAo) predominante; 53 pacientes (29,2%) con procedimientos asociados. La poblacion a estudio presentaba 90% hipertension arterial (HTA); 51% diabetes mellitus; 48% dislipemia, y 12,1% insuficiencia renal cronica (IRC). El 85% de las protesis fueron de tamano 19–21. Se analiza el deterioro estructural progresivo y necesidad de reintervencion mediante controles ecocardiograficos (anuales). Resultados Durante el periodo estudiado la supervivencia del grupo a los 3, 5 y 10 anos fue del 98, 92 y 82%, respectivamente. La presencia de mismatch teorico en el postoperatorio inmediato fue del 4,9% (EAo/SC Conclusiones – Los gradientes transprotesicos en pacientes con EOA/SC superior a 1 cm2/m2 fueron bajos y se mantuvieron estables en el seguimiento a largo plazo. – Durante el seguimiento tres pacientes se reintervinieron por deterioro estructural, a los 6, 5 y 3 anos. Tabla 1 Endocarditis 1,04% ppy Disfuncion no estructural 0 Leak periprotesico 1,44% ppy Tromboembolia 0 Hemorragias mayores 2 AV C hemorragicos (1 paciente ACXFA – sintrom) 1 HDA 0,9% ppy Disfuncion estructural 1,015% ppy Reintervencion deterioro Estructural 1,01% ppy Aparicion insuficiencias 1,92% ppy