Search

Раздел 4. Лингвистические аспекты межкультурной коммуникации Der Beitrag versucht die Relevanz des österreichischen Deutsch gegenüber dem deutschen Deutsch darzulegen und darüber hinaus eine Parallele zur belarussischen Sprache zu ziehen, die zwar im Verhältnis zur russischen Sprache keine Varietät darstellt, jedoch (unter anderen Umständen) mit ähnlichen Problemen wie das österreichische Deutsch zu kämpfen hat. Целью статьи является продемонстрировать значимость австрийского варианта немецкого языка к общепринятому в Германии. Кроме того, обсуждается, в какой мере можно провести параллель к белорусскому языку в его отношении к русскому. Ведь белорусский язык тоже не является разновидностью русского и, хоть при других обстоятельствах, вынужден бороться со схожими трудностями, как и австрийский немецкий = This paper tries to demonstrate the relevance of the Austrian variety of the German language towards the German variety used in Germany and in addition to draw a possible parallel to the Belarussian language, which is not a variety within the Russian language, but struggles with similar issues like the Austrian variety of the German language.

Quantum state reconstruction on a finite number of copies of a quantum system with informationally incomplete measurements does, as a rule, not yield a unique result. We derive a reconstruction scheme where both the likelihood and the von Neumann entropy functionals are maximized in order to systematically select the most-likely estimator with the largest entropy, that is the least-bias estimator, consistent with a given set of measurement data. This is equivalent to the joint consideration of our partial knowledge and ignorance about the ensemble to reconstruct its identity. An interesting structure of such estimators will also be explored., 5 pages, 2 figures

We present a method for measuring the internal state of a superconducting qubit inside an on-chip microwave resonator. We show that one qubit state can be associated with the generation of an increasingly large cavity coherent field, while the other remains associated with the vacuum. By measuring the outgoing resonator field with conventional devices, an efficient single-shot QND-like qubit readout can be achieved, enabling a high-fidelity measurement in the spirit of the electron-shelving technique for trapped ions. We expect that the proposed ideas can be adapted to different superconducting qubit designs and contribute to the further improvement of qubit readout fidelity., 4 pages, 3 figures

This paper considers quorum-replicated, multi-writer, multi-reader (MWMR) implementations of survivable atomic registers in a distributed message-passing system with processors prone to failures. Previous implementations in such settings invariably required two rounds of communication between readers/writers and replica owners. Hence the question arises whether it is possible to have single round read and/or write operations in this setting. We thus devise an algorithm, called Sfw, that exploits a new technique called server side ordering (SSO), which -unlike previous approaches- places partial responsibility for the ordering of write operations on the replica owners (the servers). With SSO, fast write operations are introduced for the very first time in the MWMR setting. We prove that our algorithm preserves atomicity in all permissible executions. While algorithm SFW shows that in principle fast writes are possible, we also show that under certain conditions the MWMR model imposes inherent limitations on any quorum-based fast write implementation of a safe read/write register and potentially even restricts the number of writer participants in the system. In this case our algorithm achieves near optimal efficiency. © 2009 Springer-Verlag. 5923 LNCS 240 254 Conference code: 78932 Cited By :7

mikroalbuminurija kao čimbenik rizika

nepoznat

Computations with a future quantum computer will be implemented through the operations by elementary quantum gates. It is now well known that the collection of 1-bit and 2-bit quantum gates are universal for quantum computation, i.e., any n-bit unitary operation can be carried out by concatenations of 1-bit and 2-bit elementary quantum gates. Three contemporary quantum devices--cavity QED, ion traps and quantum dots--have been widely regarded as perhaps the most promising candidates for the construction of elementary quantum gates. In this paper, we describe the physical properties of these devices, and show the mathematical derivations based on the interaction of the laser field as control with atoms, ions or electron spins, leading to the following: (i) the 1-bit unitary rotation gates; and (ii) the 2-bit quantum phase gates and the controlled-not gate. This paper is aimed at providing a sufficiently self-contained survey account of analytical nature for mathematicians, physicists and computer scientists to aid interdisciplinary understanding in the research of quantum computation., 40 pages, 10 figures. A. Bandrauk, M.C. Delfour, and C. Le Bris, ed., ``Quantum Control: Mathematical and Numerical Challenges, CRM (Centre de Recherches Mathematiques, Universite de Montreal) Proceedings Lecture Notes Series, American Mathematical Society Publications, Providence, R.I., 2003, to appear

The structure of the thermal equilibrium state of a weakly interacting Bose gas is of current interest. We calculate the density matrix of that state in two ways. The most effective method, in terms of yielding a simple, explicit answer, is to construct a generating function within the traditional framework of quantum statistical mechanics. The alternative method, arguably more interesting, is to construct the thermal state as a vector state in an artificial system with twice as many degrees of freedom. It is well known that this construction has an actual physical realization in the quantum thermodynamics of black holes, where the added degrees of freedom correspond to the second sheet of the Kruskal manifold and the thermal vector state is a state of the Unruh or the Hartle-Hawking type. What is unusual about the present work is that the Bogolubov transformation used to construct the thermal state combines in a rather symmetrical way with Bogolubov's original transformation of the same form, used to implement the interaction of the nonideal gas in linear approximation. In addition to providing a density matrix, the method makes it possible to calculate efficiently certain expectation values directly in terms of the thermal vector state of the doubled system., 25 pages, LaTeX. To appear in a special issue of Foundations of Physics in honor of Jacob Bekenstein