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Geographically, Indonesia is located on three of the world's main tectonic plates and has 127 active volcanoes, making it highly vulnerable to natural disasters. In addition to natural disasters, Indonesia is also facing the Covid-19 disaster, which has greatly affected the tourism sector. Batu City is one of the leading tourism areas. Because Batu City is prone to disasters, this will certainly have an impact on the economy of the people of Batu City. Therefore, this study aims to analyze economic vulnerability due to disasters and the role of institutions in dealing with them. This research is a case study that uses a quantitative and qualitative approach, using the results of respondent interviews, ArcMap 10.3, ILWIS software, and MACTOR. The results obtained are that the disasters that have the most severe impact on the economic vulnerability of Batu City are droughts and earthquakes. In addition, other results also show that the role of institutions has not been good enough in creating institutional strategies in Batu City. Based on the modeling results using MACTOR, it is known that the disaster management efforts carried out by the tourism object and the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) agree and support the implementation of these efforts.

Kabupaten Bogor sebagai salah satu hinterland dalam KSN Jabodetabekpunjur, telah mengalami perkembangan wilayah yang pesat dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi. Wilayah ini memiliki jumlah komuter yang tinggi dan terhubung dengan sistem transportasi massal yang terintegrasi di wilayah Jabodetabek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pertumbuhan kawasan permukiman di kawasan transit pada kurun waktu 2000-2020 dan mengidentifikasi perkembangan ketersediaan fasilitas permukiman melalui analisis hierarki desa di kawasan transit pada tahun 2011-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berupa peta landuse tahun 2000, 2010, 2015, dan 2020 serta data sekunder dari BPS berupa data Potensi Desa (Podes) tahun 2011, 2014, dan 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode tumpang susun peta dan analisis skalogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan sekitar stasiun kereta jenis commuter line memiliki laju pertumbuhan permukiman dan kepadatan permukiman yang tinggi pada kurun waktu 2000-2020. Kepadatan dan laju pertumbuhan permukiman tertinggi terjadi di kawasan sekitar Stasiun Citayam, Stasiun Cilebut, dan Stasiun Bojonggede. Sementara itu berdasarkan nilai IPD, kawasan yang memiliki fasilitas permukiman yang baik ditemui di kawasan sekitar Stasiun Cibinong, Stasiun Citayam, Stasiun Bojonggede, Stasiun Cilebut, dan Stasiun Nambo. Secara keseluruhan kawasan transit stasiun commuterline memiliki potensi berkembang menjadi pusat pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu rencana dan strategi pembangunan daerah dapat mengarahkan kawasan transit cepat tumbuh menjadi pusat-pusat pelayanan baru.

Penataan ruang di Indonesia sudah diimplemetasikan sejak tahun 2007, namun pengaruhnya terhadap kemiskinan belum banyak dikaji dan diteliti. Sejak perda Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) provinsi dan kabupaten/kota banyak ditetapkan ada kecederungan terjadi perlambatan angka penurunan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah pengaruh lahan kosong terhadap kemiskinan. Statistik yang biasa digunakan untuk menyelidiki adanya keterkaitan secara spasial sebuah variabel penelitian adalah indeks moran, sedangkan pengaruh antar variabel yang menyelidiki sampai pada setiap unit amatan biasa digunakan ekonometrika spasial yakni regresi terboboti spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan kosong dan kemiskinan memiliki autokorelasi spasial yang mengelompok dengan nilai indeks moran masing-masing 0,203 dan 0,331. Kebaikan model dilihat dari R2 sebesar 0,218, yang berarti model ini hanya dapat menjelaskan variasi kemiskinan yang terjadi sebesar 21,8%. Pengaruh antara lahan kosong terhadap kemiskinan bergradasi secara kontinum dari bagian utara kota, pusat dan bagian selatan kota, semakin ke arah selatan pengaruhnya semakin besar. Pengaruh terkecil adalah 0.056, di Kelurahan Kandang Limun sedangkan terbesar adalah 0.342 di Kelurahan Teluk Sepang. Nilai ini menjelaskan apabila luas lahan kosong meningkat 1%, maka jumlah penduduk miskin akan bertambah antara 0,56% sampai 34,2%. Re-rata koefisien regresinya adalah 0,145 artinya rata-rata pengaruh lahan kosong terhadap kemiskinan mencapai 14,5% per kenaikan 1 % lahan.

Spatial planning performance indicators are related to sustainability. This approach combines quantitative and qualitative data to see the sustainability of regional spatial planning based on land and policies. This study aims to: (1) Analysis of the sustainable development index (IPB) and (2) Analysis of causal conditions of spatial planning performance assessment per regencies/municipalities based on IPB. The approach used is IPB, geographic information system, multi-value qualitative comparative analysis and literature study. The highest score of IPB is Bandung Municipality. The income per capita, education and welfare of the Municipality of Bandung are higher than in other regions. Considering the distribution of IPB scores and their constituent variables, subsequent analysis shows the need to differentiate between regencies and municipalities. Regional sustainability in this regency offers high compatibility between spatial planning policies and forest area status policies have extensive vegetation cover and small land-use diversity. Whereas in urban areas, it shows the opposite. This article can answer the sustainability of spatial planning policies and differentiate between regencies and municipalities—the use of mvQCA is a new approach to spatial planning evaluation.

Science cannot directly influence policy without a process of knowledge transfer and integration into policy-making called the science-policy interface. On the other hand, not all scientists intend to use their knowledge and findings to influence policy-makers. This condition causes a gap between science and policy. The main objective of this study is to identify various "knowledge products" that have varying amounts of policy space, understand the power relations between actors, and identify and analyze the process of integrating knowledge products into the policy-making process for abandoned land in Bogor Regency. The primary method used in this study is the RAPID (Research and Policy in Development) analytical framework. The study indicates that policy-makers will adopt the scientific evidence if they follow their organization's Main Performance Indicators (KPI) or gain political or economic benefits. The role of the lower-level bureaucracy as the implementing agency is crucial in the policy adoption process. The people "behind the organization" and "policy intrapreneurs" have an essential role in integrating scientific knowledge and policy. Scientific products, such as modeling, are often more effective in convincing policy-makers. The scientific evidence will become good advice and have a more significant impact when they meet policy-makers' interests. The study concludes that it is challenging to integrate science into policy-making without mutual trust amongst formal and informal network actors who have access to policy-makers to utilize abandoned lands in Bogor Regency.

Pertanian berkelanjutan merupakan komponen penting dalam pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pengukuran keberlanjutan pertanian mutlak dilakukan untuk lebih memahami kondisi saat ini, mengidentifikasi tren, menetapkan target, memantau kemajuan, dan membandingkan kinerja antar wilayah. Penelitian tentang keberlanjutan pertanian di Indonesia lebih banyak dilakukan pada level usaha tani atau lokal. Indonesia belum memiliki indikator pertanian berkelanjutan yang menjadi tolok ukur penilaian pertanian berkelanjutan pada level regional/provinsi/nasional. Hal ini disebabkan karena begitu kompleksnya penilaian yang perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik untuk penilaian pada level regional dan nasional. Indikator yang dapat diukur mengenai kelestarian lingkungan pertanian, dengan tujuan meminimalkan dampak lingkungan dari pertanian, merupakan alat penting untuk membantu menggerakkan dunia menuju masa depan pangan yang berkelanjutan. Indikator memungkinkan pembuat kebijakan, petani, bisnis, dan masyarakat sipil untuk lebih memahami kondisi saat ini, mengidentifikasi trend, menetapkan target, memantau kemajuan, dan membandingkan kinerja antar wilayah dan negara.

This investigation delineates the multi-faceted determinants integral to the evolution of agrotourism within rural domains, concentrating on the province of Jambi as a case study. This scholarly inquiry engaged with four representative villages, utilizing primary data procured through focus group discussions (FGDs) and comprehensive interviews with various stakeholders. These encompass village administration, village-owned enterprises (BUMDes), youth organizations, the regional body for planning and development, the tourism office, community figureheads, village facilitators, commercial operators, and local community delegates. The analytical methodology incorporated the transcription of FGDs and comprehensive interviews, data distillation, analytical interpretation, and triangulation. The NVivo 11 Plus suite facilitated this qualitative data analysis. The investigation discerned six cardinal determinants that substantively influence the trajectory of agrotourism development within rural areas. These include the potential of nature tourism, the accessibility, and caliber of agro-products, the adequacy of infrastructure, the involvement and roles of community and institutional bodies, technological innovation, and the safeguarding of local cultural heritage. This scholarly inquiry underscores the necessity of a collaborative approach in formulating and implementing policies. This approach, which calls for the inclusion of diverse stakeholders, is aimed at bolstering the sustainable development of agrotourism.

The development policies implemented in Jambi Province, Indonesia, since the New Order era, have encouraged transformations in demography, regional paradigms, growth base sectors, and growth actors. This study aims to understand how the central government’s demographic policies and plantation development program have impacted regional land cover change, rural development transformation, and economic development in Sumatra Island’s biodiversity-rich rainforest region (Jambi Province). This study explores the shifts in village typology that have occurred. Descriptive analysis and cluster analysis were applied to collect data at the provincial level that included population, poverty rate, levels of education, HDI, GRDP, Gini index, and land cover. Village Potential Data at the village level was then used to build an infrastructure index and a diversity of activities index. The results of this study indicated that macro development indicators are in a positive trend: HDI, educational levels, GRDP per capita, and the proportion of the tertiary sector in GRDP have all increased. The growth of the tertiary sector was largely driven by the trade and motorized-vehicle repair sectors. The provincial landscape has changed significantly due to the expansion of oil palm plantations. At the village level, the infrastructure index and diversity index show an increase in the number of facilities and variations in economic activity in most villages. Some shifts in rural typology are highlighted: the increase in urban villages and in villages that specialize in oil palm plantation or other industrial plantation crops.

Rapid development and high population density are among the factors that cause slum settlements Tangerang Regency. Factors that cause slum settlements in Tangerang Regency have not been identified specifically and the handling of slum settlements are still seen to be uniform between regions. The purpose of this research is to identify the pattern of distribution of slum settlements in Tangerang Regency and the spatial diversity of factors that influence it. Methods used to identify the distribution pattern of slums are Moran's Index, Moran's Scatterplot, and Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation. Meanwhile, to understand the spatial diversity of the factors that affect slum settlements, multiple regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise regression, followed by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. Results shows that the pattern of spatial distribution of slum settlements in 2016 and 2018 was concentrated in the northern and southern areas of Tangerang Regency. The distribution pattern of slums shows a centered movement towards the district border with the surrounding areas, namely DKI Jakarta, Tangerang City, and South Tangerang City. The relationship between the Village Development Index and the Land Value Zone has a fairly weak positive correlation, the relationship between the Kelurahan Development Index and the percentage of slum area does not have a significant correlation, while the Land Value Zone with the percentage of slum area has a weak positive correlation. Slum settlements in Tangerang Regency are influenced by physical and non-physical factors including the number of slum location points, the percentage of residential buildings that do not have a building permit, and the percentage of areas affected by inundation. The results of the GWR analysis show that each factor that has a significant influence on slum settlements in Tangerang Regency has a different influence locally in each observed area.

Socioeconomic, government expenditures, and transportation infrastructures, such as roads and ports, play a critical role in the economic development of poor and deprived regions. These factors are as catalysts for increasing economic output and enhancing people’s living standards in these regions. This study of West Timor, Indonesia, aimed to examine the impact of Socioeconomic, government expenditure, road, and port infrastructure on economic growth. This study analyzed panel data from a cross-section of six regencies/municipality in the West Timor region from 2002 to 2020. The analytical method used in this research is the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM). We found that human development, government expenditure on personnel and capital expenditure, urbanization, and district roads positively impacted economic growth, while expenditure on goods and services has a negative impact on economic growth. In contrast to district roads, national roads adversely impact economic growth due to triggering backwash and leakage of the regional economy. Therefore, human development, government expenditure, and infrastructure development to encourage the local economy of underdeveloped areas in the country’s border areas must consider the needs of local communities in increasing their productivity.

Salah satu upaya dalam mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan adalah dengan pengembangan wilayah yang disesuaikan dengan potensi, permasalahan dan kondisi eksisting wilayah yang bersangkutan. Setiap wilayah memiliki karakteristik masing-masing yang membedakan wilayah tersebut dengan wilayah lainnya. Karakteristik yang berbeda pada setiap wilayah menyebabkan potensi dan permasalahan pada wilayah tersebut juga berbeda sehingga strategi pengembangan wilayah juga berbeda. Koridor barat - timur merupakan salah satu dari sebelas kawasan strategis ekonomi provinsi yang ada di Sumatera Barat. Koridor barat - timur yang melingkupi sembilan kabupaten/kota dan 65 kecamatan mempunyai karakteristik dan tipologi yang beragam, sehingga strategi pengembangan koridor barat - timur juga beragam. Dalam penelitian ini ingin melihat karagaman karakteristik dan tipologi kawasan strategis ekonomi provinsi koridor barat - timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan teknik analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Pengelompokkan karakteristik dan tipologi wilayah berdasarkan pada dimensi potensi ekonomi, struktur wilayah, lingkungan, dan topografi. Dimensi potensi terdiri dari 12 variabel pengamatan ekonomi menghasilkan 4 komponen utama yang dikelompokkan menjadi 1) perdagangan dan jasa wisata, 2) peternakan dan perikanan, 3) pertanian dan perkebunan, 4) wisata. Hasil dimensi potensi ekonomi adalah perdagangan dan jasa wisata 38 kecamatan, peternakan dan perikanan 15 kecamatan, pertanian dan perkebunan 7 kecamatan dan wisata 4 kecamatan. Dimensi struktur wilayah dari 11 variabel pengamatan menghasilkan 2 komponen utama yang dikelompokkan menjadi 1) perkotaan, 2) pedesaan. Hasil dimensi struktur wilayah adalah perkotaan 49 kecamatan, pedesaan 16 kecamatan. Dimensi lingkungan dikelompokkan menjadi 1) kawasan rawan bencana, 2) kawasan tidak rawan bencana. Dimensi topografi dikelompokkan menjadi 1) dataran rendah, 2) dataran tinggi.

Each motor vehicle produces a variety of noise. For areas which directly intersects the highway this noise has a considerable impact. The volume of motorcycles and private as well as public vehicles all have a significant effect on noise. From all analytical calculations, the largest equation was obtained one the second day of research on the second point of Sound Level Meter 2 (SLM2). The calculation is that y = 0,0158x – 1,0176. This equation indicates that if there is no decrease in the volume of the motorcycle, the noise level on the SLM2 is 65.21 dBA. If there is an increase or decrease in the volume of a motorcycle, it will have a significant effect on noise. The second largest equation was obtained on the second day of the research at the third point from the Sound Level Meter 3 (SLM3) and the calculation of the equation is y = 0,01 – 6,074. The purpose of the above equation is that if there is an increase in the volume of a motorcycle, the noise on the SLM3 is 60.840 dBA. According to the findings, there was a reduction in the number of motorcycles during the Covid-19 pandemic, because schools were closed and students did not attend school.

Electric trains (KRL) provide services to residents living in Jabodetabek, one of the world's most significant regions. Although KRL is used daily by about 973,366 residents to carry out their activities, some factors influence its usage. Therefore, this study aims to identify the critical elements that affect train services and the patterns of relationships amongst actors to construct a model for long-term sustainability. This study was carried out using the Micmac and Mactor methods. Micmac is a causal structural matrix that can investigate the relationship between parameters in a system. The Mactor technique, on the other hand, is applied to a variety of tactics involving many actors and a set of related interests and goals. The results showed five critical variables for sustainable urban rail service, namely Safety, Capital, Eco monitoring and evaluation, Eco plan, and COVID control are needed. Meanwhile, The General Administration of Railways, Ministry of Transport, and Indonesian commuter train company are two institutions or actors that are very influential in mobilizing the safety of KRL users amid a pandemic to ensure the continuity of train services. This study also finds that critical variables, key actors, and rail destinations strongly influence the sustainability of social, economic, and environmental aspects of urban rail transportation services. In conclusion, this study provides new insight into developing a sustainable urban rail service model in Jabodetabek KRL.

There are different characteristics distinguishing a region from the others, thereby, leading to the diversities in the regional potentials and problems as well as the strategic regional development policies to be implemented. The East-West Corridor is one of the eleven provincial strategic economic areas in West Sumatra. It covers nine regencies or cities and 65 sub-districts with different characteristics and typologies and this leads to diversity in the strategies to develop this area. This study aims to determine the diversity associated with the characteristics and typologies of the strategic area of the East-West Corridor. This involved using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis technique, spatial clustering analysis, and overlay analysis. Moreover, the regional characteristics and typologies were grouped based on 17 observational variables used in producing four main components including trade and tourism services, agriculture, livestock/fishery, and tourism. The results of spatial clustering analysis produced 3 clusters which are the urban, desa-kota, and rural areas while the overlay analysis produced ten regional characteristics and typologies used as the basis to make strategies and policies for each region’s development and to increase investment opportunities in the strategic area of West-East Corridor and the Province of West Sumatra in general.

The purpose of development in the border area of Kalimantan Corridor is not only physical, and infrastructure development, but the development must reduce poverty, regional disparities, economic disparities, increase income and improve people's welfare. This research was conducted in the border area of the Kalimantan Corridor, which has a direct border with Malaysia. This study had two objectives: the first was using Panel Data Regression, analyzing the program's effect on economic performance such as poverty, human development index, and community per capita income. It used secondary data in 2015-2019, covering education, health, agriculture, marine, road, and market programs. The result is that no program positively affects development performance except marine to poverty. The second is by using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, creating a sustainable development strategy towards the border area of Kalimantan Corridor. The respondents were BNPP bureaucrats and academics who understood development planning in the border area. The data used is sourced from Grand Design of Border Area Management 2014-2025, and the result is a sustainable development strategy in the border area of the Kalimantan Corridor. From in-depth interviews, the strategies in the border area to support economic performance are infrastructure, natural resources and human development.

The characteristics of mountain villages are very different from valley villages and plain villages, but socio-economically and environmentally related to each other. This study aims to analyze the level of development of physical facilities in mountain villages, analyze the village development index based on the dimensions of village development, and analyze the components of socio-economic, environmental, and developmental characteristics of mountainous villages in Central Java. Analysis of the level of development of mountainous village physical facilities used skalogram based on PODES 2018 data, village development index based on the dimensions of village development used the Village Index (ID) calculation formula, and analysis of the characteristics of the socio-economic, environmental, and developmental components of mountain villages used Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results of the analysis of the level of development of the physical facilities of the mountainous villages show that 413 villages (67.81%) of the mountains are in the third hierarchical class (less developed). The category of village development based on the dimensions of development shows that mountain villages are included in the category of developing villages with an average value of ID 54.17. The components that best characterize the characteristics of mountainous villages are the potential for the danger of 21.9%, the availability of secondary school education facilities, health facilities, and the village development level of 16%, the component of trade facilities 5.8. %, the component of the availability of the micro-industry is 13.25%, and the component of the availability of health facilities are 8.8%.

Pada tahun 1990, usaha budidaya ikan kerapu dengan menggunakan karamba jaring apung (KJA) mulai dikembangkan untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian lahan dan zonasi perairan terhadap daya dukung fisik kawasan teluk lampung untuk budidaya ikan kerapu di KJA. Penilaian kesesuaian berdasarkan pada aspek fisik, kimia dan sosial ekonomi. Daya dukung fisik kawasan dianalisis dari hasil kriteria kesesuaian dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kesesuaian berdasarkan overlay dengan rencana zonasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis kesesuaian yang memiliki kesesuaian tinggi seluas 67,64 ha, sedang 5.838,17 ha, rendah 3.214,89 ha dan tidak sesuai 35,95 ha. Analisis selanjutnya dengan melakukan overlay dengan rencana zonasi (RZWP3K) terjadi perubahan luasan dimana terjadi penurunan luas areal kesesuaian tinggi menjadi 1.446, 28 ha, sedang 23,71 ha dan rendah 440,05 ha, sementara untuk areal yang tidak sesuai mengalami peningkatan menjadi 7.226,62 ha. Daya dukung fisik kawasan teluk lampung adalah sebanyak 13.450 unit KJA atau dengan potensi produksi sebanyak 24.754 ton. Dengan penurunan luasan areal yang sesuai berpengaruh terhadap penurunan daya dukung fisik menjadi sebanyak 4.545 unit KJA atau potensi produksi sebanyak 8.365 ton. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa overlay dengan rencana zonasi mengurangi luasan areal yang sesuai untuk kegiatan budidaya KJA yang selanjutnya menyebabkan penurunan daya dukung fisik kawasan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap rencana zonasi dan penataan kawasan budidaya di teluk Lampung agar lebih didasarkan pada kriteria kesesuaian lahan.

Batu City in East Java has a thriving tourist area, which is not exempt from disaster susceptibility and economic vulnerability. These weaknesses have led to the strengthening of the disaster resilience system becoming a priority in terms of the Batu government’s disaster risk reduction. The main objective of this study is to improve disaster risk management through the reinforcement of the disaster risk reduction instrument, which can improve the alertness and the mitigation capability of DRR. This research analyzed the susceptibility levels of five disasters—flood, landslide, drought, land fire, and COVID-19—using a quantitative method with panel data and a survey questionnaire. The influence variable was disaster susceptibility, which quantified economic vulnerability through ArcGIS and ILWIS analysis to generate the disaster susceptibility rate. Economic vulnerability was analyzed using static panel data in STATA/R, which generated the economic vulnerability index. The results of this research indicate that there are five villages in the high level of vulnerability category, three villages in the moderate level of vulnerability category, and another sixteen villages/urban villages in the low level of vulnerability category. Furthermore, static panel analysis found that local economic vulnerability in Batu is significantly influenced by three of the five disasters discussed in this research.

The high number of commuters in Bogor Regency has triggered the development of settlements at transit areas. In addition, Bogor Regency is also connected to rail-based mass public transportation in the Jabodetabek area which supports the mobility of its population. This study aims to identify the suitability of a transit area to be developed with Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept. The research location is among the transit areas of two intercity train stations and seven existing urban commuter line train stations in Bogor Regency. Observations focused on the area in a radius of 800 meters from the station which is assessed as the maximum distance a person can walk for 15 minutes. Potential locations are determined by the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method on several variables that form the ideal TOD. The variables observed include aspects of transportation and aspects of land use which are derived into several indicators. Based on the research, it was found that the most potential area to be developed with the TOD concept is the transit area of Cibinong station, followed by transit areas of Bojonggede station, Citayam station, and Cilebut station. Meanwhile, transit areas of Parung Panjang station and Tenjo station have medium potential, and transit areas Maseng Station and Cigombong Station are not potential.

The state forest existence is expected to provide maximum benefits for the people's prosperity. This study identified the forest state existence through a land tenure structure in Segah District Berau Regency East Kalimantan Province. It also described a portrait of rural development including the condition of infrastructure and community income/expenditure, and identified the influence of state forest existence on rural development. The methods used to analyze the structure of land tenure by overlaying land cover maps and boundaries of area functions in each village, then classifying villages using a matrix of plots based on the percentage of forest and forest area. Analysis of rural development was carried out using scalogram analysis and oneway ANOVA. Meanwhile, the analysis of the influence of state forest existence on rural development was carried out using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results of this study showed that the land cover of the forest and land tenure of forest area were dominant. This means that the land tenure structure in the administrative area of Segah District was dominated by state forest. Rural development in terms of infrastructure was found in a condition that was quite even lacking of the needs of the rural population, while average household expenditure is above the national average minimum expenditure limit. The state forest existence was indicated to have a role in influencing the development of rural infrastructure and household expenditure, especially in the activity of entering the forest which can reduce the expenditure of primary household needs.

The development of the transportation sector on the West Timor is expected to be a driving machine in supporting other sectors, so that it will have a large multipler impact on the economy at the land borders of the country with Timor Leste. The government needs to make breakthroughs in the development of the transportation sector, because West Timor is experiencing a transportation infrastructure deficit. This is due to the low quality and quantity of transportation infrastructure capable of supporting the regional economy. This study aims to examine the impact backward and forward, as well as the multiplier impact of development on West Timor in 2018. The result of the researched was that the transportation sector in West Timor has a degree of distribution of 1.40. While the degree of sensitivity was 0.486. The multiplier effect on salaries and wages (multiplier income) is 2.069, and the impact on the total value added multiplier is 1.409. The transportation sector needs to be maximized by building intermoda connectivity of the transportation network that is more effective and efficient. It is also necessary to optimize connectivity in integrating the development phases of National, Provincial and District road sections. The network connectivity is expected to be able to encourage the production sector which is able to increase or develop production capacity, thus providing a more optimal multiplier impact in the future.

Jakarta–Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR), located in the western part of Java Island, Indonesia, is experiencing rapid regional development which can be observed from its increase in population density, massive changes of land-use from agricultural land into built-up area, rapid development of infrastructure and facilities, and advances in economic activities. Unfortunately, problems related to sustainability emerge along with this rapid regional development, primarily in decrease in environmental quality and social performance, leading to unsustainable development. This study aims: (1) to develop indicators promoting sustainable development at the subdistrict level, named the local sustainability index (LSI), utilizing factor analysis; (2) to observe local-scale spatial interdependency by employing local indicator of spatial association (LISA) statistics; and (3) to identify regional clusters based on LSI scores using K-means clustering method. Our LISA results show that spatial interdependency of local sustainability performances exists between local-scale spatial units: the LSI of a subdistrict is influenced by the sustainability state of the surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the clustering results show that most subdistricts in JBMUR are categorized as members of cluster 1 with low LSI values in economic and social dimensions but moderate in environmental dimensions.

Jakarta and Bandung metropolitan areas in Indonesia are experiencing urban expansion, which makes these two metropolitan areas increasingly connected by corridors to become one mega-urban. Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies are part of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor area which then triggers the urban physical development. This study aims to 1) Determine the level of service facilities in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies; 2) Identify the changes in built-up and paddy fields Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of Karawang and Purwakarta Regency based on existing and future conditions, and 3) Propose recommendations to control the urban physical development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regency. Analysis of level service facilities was carried out by using the scalogram method. Changes of built-up and paddy fields LULC in the existing and future conditions (projected using the CA-Markov method) are based on LULC of 2005, 2010 and 2018. Recommendations are given based on the grouping of villages with the same characteristics using the quantitative zoning method. Results showed the village development index in 2018 as the level of service facilities indicators, has a high or more developed value in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan area. Changes in built-up and paddy fields LULC also the same trend as the village development index that is characterized by a fairly large increase in the area of built-up LULC in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies. Recommendations are given to address specific problems that exist in each village group formed based on the spatial clustering method result.

The complexity of regional disparity has encouraged viewing this issue from various perspectives, one of which is the role of physical geography in disparity. On Java Island, an observation on the role of geographical aspect is needed due to the spatial sturdiness of disparity. This study aims to provide quantitative proof that differences in the physical geography of Java’s regions account for the persistent regional disparity. We applied two approaches namely correlation and typology, employing data of physical geographical attributes and development level. The methods used were correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA. Based on the correlation approach, we found the association of regional development level with terrain ruggedness, soil parent materials, sea depth, elevation, and precipitation. Then, based on endowment-based typology approach, Java’s regions could be grouped into lowland, volcanic, old volcanic, and calcareous dry regions. The two latter performed poorly in all socio-economic indicators examined.

Terraced paddy fields play an important role not only in the food production function, but also in flooding control, water source recharge, and soil erosion and landslide prevention in mountainous area. Abandonment has been occurring in many countries due to natural condition climate, low-productive, less economic condition, depopulation, aging, and poor work efficiency. However, the terraced fields in Malasari village, Bogor Regency are relatively sustained and constantly maintained by traditional local farmers. Therefore, this study aims to seek keys to how to maintain of the terraced paddy fields by local farmers in Malasari village. The survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 on Malasari village (6°40’S and 106°31’E) by using primary and secondary data with a sample of 28 households. Questionnaire survey was conducted to elicit primary data on farmer’s basic information. Verification of land cover in Malasari village was carried out by visual interpretation land cover in images obtained from drone image in 2019. The terraced paddy fields have been maintained by local farmers contentiously. Two factors are discovered maintained the terraced paddy fields, namely: (1) the local wisdom technique is an act that has direct influences on the physical structure of terraced paddy fields for maintaining, especially land management which is plowing and making levee are playing an important role, and (2) social capital is an act that has indirect influences on the terraced paddy fields. These factors interact with each other to maintain the terraced paddy fields.

Regional autonomy intended to enhance the level of community involvement in the development process, the distribution of development outcomes fairly, and pay more attention to the potential and diversity of the region. The implementation of regional autonomy will further accelerate the achievement of development goals because local governments have the authority to plan programs that are tailored to the needs of the community by taking into account the potential in the area. Development performance is the variable used to measure the results of the development process. This study expects to examine the variables of per capita (GDP) gross regional domestic product with constant prices in 2010, open unemployment rate (%), the poverty rate (%), human development index (HDI), and Gini index. The objectives of the present study, to reveal the effect of intergovernmental transfers on district/municipality development performance in West Java Province, the effect of transfer funds is not directly, but through regional spending. Panel data regression analysis used to analyze the indirect effect of transfer funds on regional development performance. The results show that the general block grants (Dana Alokasi Umum-DAU) is a transfer fund that has the greatest impact on the performance of regional development, while in terms of expenditure, which has the most significant effect on the performance of regional development is education spending followed by spending on goods and services.Keywords: development performance, intergovernmental transfers, panel data regression, regional autonomy.JEL Classifications: C33, H11, H50, H76DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9399

Bandung Metropolitan Area is the second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Bandung Metropolitan Area also represents the type of metropolitan in Asia which has massive urbanization characteristic that caused by increasing economic growth. This research aims to analyze the spatial diversity of the factors influencing urban sprawl in Bandung Metropolitan Area. The data used in this study were secondary data consisting of Landsat satellite imagery and facilities data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the year of 2003 and 2014. The methodology used in this study was Geograpically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. The results showed that each variables has a different influence on each locations. Population density variable has a positive effect on the percentage of built up area. Whereas the variable of distance to Bandung City, the percentage of paddy field area, the percentage of forest area, and the distance to the toll road has a negative effect on the percentage of built up area. While the effect of the District Development Index variable toward the percentage of built up area varies in each research location.

Population movement is a form of spatial interaction between regions. This phenomenon arises asa logical consequence of the heterogeneity of regional development that occurs. PandeglangRegency as an underdeveloped area should not be left behind because of the many leaks of spatialinteractions that are more directed outside this district. Investigating the daily mobilization of thepopulation internally is important in determining which sub-districts play a role as a destination foreconomic activity. The basic data used include the survey origin destination of Banten Province in2019 and data on Potential Villages (Podes) 2019 in the Pandeglang Regency. The method used isthe Scalogram method to determine the Sub-District Development Index (SDI) and the gravitymethod to analyze spatial interactions. The Hierarchical classification was carried out on the SDIvariable, the number of daily movements (density), and the distance between districts. This is doneto see the intensity of the daily movement of the population according to density, distance, andSDI hierarchy class. The spatial interaction magnitude is estimated based on the populationestimation parameters and SDI through the natural logarithmic transformation (ln) of the gravitymethod formula. The results show that the highest average population movement occurs in thehigh-density hierarchy leading to the sub-districts of the SDI 1 hierarchy. The sub-districts ofCadasari, Munjul, Patia, Saketi, and Sukaresmi as sub-districts from which spatial interactionoriginate will produce positive intensity values when compared to other sub-districts. CadasariSub-District will provide a positive spatial interaction value when it becomes the goal of the dailymovement of the population.

Participatory planning is a necessity. Unfortunately, participatory planning has various problems that make it ineffective. Human resource capacity as an input factor for participatory planning is still inadequate. The participatory planning process has not optimized the best way of producing the outputs that are needed by the community. Spatial aspects of planning, activities in the space, and budgeting must be aligned. However, empirical facts show the inconsistency of development planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between community participation in planning and regional development performance through spatial planning, development, and budget planning alignment, as the mediating variable. This study explore measurement of all three variables using quantitative indicators. The results of this study, using SEM PLS, indicate that the direct relationship of community participation and the performance of infrastructure development is significant if it does not include the mediation variable. Process, results of participatory planning, alignment of spatial and development plans, and alignment of strategic plans with work plans are significant variables. Therefore, local governments need to make efforts to improve participation processes in spatial planning and development so as to improve the regional development planning alignment and performance

Indonesia is rated the highest rice consumer and the third-largest producer in the world, consequently, farming is one of the most strategic production systems in the country. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability of rice farming at the provincial level in Indonesia. Furthermore, 32 sustainability indicators, which are categorized into five dimensions, namely economic, ecological, social, technological, and institutional were used. The rapid appraisal approach (Rapsusagri), consisting of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was adopted to assess the sustainability of rice farming. Monte Carlo simulation was used to define the validity and sensitivity analysis to assess the dominant attributes which affect sustainability. The result showed that the economic and social dimensions are at a better level, meanwhile the ecological, technological, and institutional still have various weaknesses and needs improvement. Furthermore, irrigated paddy areas, agricultural infrastructure, rice productivity, use of chemical and organic fertilizers, cropping index, land suitability, village accessibility, officers, and agricultural extension institution were pointed out as the leveraging indicators for sustaining the rice farming system. Also, provinces in Java Island were found to have higher sustainability levels than others. However, it is predicted that this condition will last for a short period due to rapid land conversion, therefore Indonesia needs to consider the development of rice production areas outside Java islands.

Pasar rakyat merupakan salah satu sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kabupaten Bogor. Pembangunan pasar mengacu pada Perda Kota Bogor No.11 Tahun 2012 dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan masyarakat di sekitarnya supaya dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesesuaian kondisi pasar rakyat dengan SNI pasar dan kebutuhan penggunanya. Fasilitas yang dievalusi yaitu sarana prasarana, kebersihan, keamanan, dan aksesibilitas dengan analisis deskriptif terhadap persentase kesesuaian kondisi eksisting dengan SNI pasar. Metode Important Performance Analysis (IPA) digunakan untuk mengukur indeks kepentingan dan kinerja fasilitas pasar serta metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) untuk mengukur indeks kepuasan pengguna terhadap pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum ada pasar yang 100% sesuai dengan SNI Pasar Rakyat. Berdasarkan persepsi pengguna, terdapat 4 fasilitas penting yang harus diperhatikan pengelola yaitu jumlah hidran air, lokasi hidran air, jumlah CCTV, dan lokasi CCTV. Masih diperlukan kebijakan dalam pengelolaan dan perbaikan pada fasilitas yang tersedia di sebagian besar pasar rakyat yang ada di Kabupaten Bogor, dimana secara keseluruhan tingkat kepuasan pengguna terhadap pasar rakyat kelas I dan kelas II masuk pada kriteria cause for concern dan pada pasar kelas III masuk pada kriteria poor dengan rata-rata kepuasan secara keseluruhan pasar sebesar 70 %. Kata Kunci: Pasar Rakyat, Analisis Kepentingan, Tingkat Kepuasan, IPA dan CSI, SNI Abstract Traditional market is one of revenue source (PAD) in Kabupaten Bogor. The market development must refer to Bogor local government regulation No. 11 Tahun 2012 and incorporate the needs of society around them to be optimize maximally. This study aims to find the consistency of the traditional market condition against SNI on market and the needs of the users. The evaluated facilities are the condition of infrastructure, cleanliness, security, and accessibility. Analysis using have been carried out with a method of descriptive heading for measuring the percentage of the consistency of the exsisting traditional market condition with SNI Pasar. A method of Important Performance Analysis (IPA) used to measure performance index of interest and facilities as wel as a method of customer satisfaction index (CSI) for measuring user satisfaction index to the traditional market. The results showed that there was no market that was 100% in accordance with the SNI Pasar Rakyat. Based on the users perception, there are 4 important facilities that must be considered which are the number of water hydrants, the location of water hydrants, the number of CCTVs, and the location of CCTV. Therefore, market management policy is still needed to improve management and facilities at traditional market in Kabupaten Bogor, where overall user satisfaction to the market class I and class II in on the cause for concern and on class III markets enters at the poor overall satisfaction with an average of 70%. Keywords: Traditional Market, Performance Analysis, Customer Satisfaction, IPA and CSI, SNI JEL Classification: F12, F13, F1

Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) is one of the provinces in Indonesia which does not have fossil energy potential. Almost all of the energy needs in DIY such as fuel oil (BBM) is supplied from outside the area with increasing use every year. Therefore, this research aims to find out and analyze the driving factors of empowerment and development of rural communities through the development of electrical energy derived from Hybrid Power Plants in Pantai Baru, DIY, Indonesia. Data are analyzed by employing Structural Equation Modeling based Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results reveal that the driving factors of empowerment and development of rural communities are influenced by individual characteristics, environment, and group support.Keywords: fossil energy, hybrid power plants, community empowerment.JEL Classifications: P18, Q30, Q35DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10533

Indeks Pembangunan Manusia/IPM bisa mengambarkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia di suatu daerah. IPM menyatakan bagaimana sekelompok anggota masyarakat dapat mengakses hasil pembangunan berupa pendidikan, standar hidup layak, dan kesehatan. Skor IPM Jawa Barat secara umum selalu memperlihatkan tren naik dari tahun ke tahun, tetapi skornya selalu di bawah dari rata-rata nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk manganalisis pengaruh pendapatan daerah berupa dana trasfer dan PAD terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia/IPM, dan menganalisis dana transfer yang pengaruh totalnya paling tinggi terhadap IPM. Metode yang digunakan analisis regresi data panel model fixed effect, dengan terlebih dahulu data ditranforamasikan secara logaritma agar diperoleh nilai elastisitas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahuid bahwa semua dana transfer berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan IPM, begitu juga dengan pendapatan asli daerah. Pendapatan daerah yang pengaruh totalnya paling besar terhadap IPM secara berurutan adalah DAU, PAD, dan DAK. Pemerintah daerah harus membelanjakan dana trasfer untuk kegiatan yang bersifat produktif serta harus menggali potensi daerah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah.

Sektor industri pengolahan menjadi penggerak utama perekonomian nasional, dan memiliki struktur keterkaitan yang kuat. Pemerintah Propinsi Jawa Timur memprioritaskan pengembangan industri yang mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Jawa Timur diharapkan akan menjadi pusat industri pengolahan sumber daya alam dan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sektor unggulan industri pengolahan untuk dikembangkan di Propinsi Jawa Timur dan mengidentifikasi keterkaitannya dengan sektor pertanian. Data penelitian ini menggunakan Tabel Input Output Propinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis keterkaitan dengan menggunakan indek daya penyebaran (IDP) dan indek daya kepekaan (IDK) serta kontribusi sektor-sektor industri pengolahan dalam struktur ekonomi wilayah Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sektor industri makanan dan industri pengolahan tembakau adalah sektor industri unggulan Jawa Timur. Secara relatif permintaan akhir keduanya merangsang pertumbuhan produksi lebih besar dari rata-rata, dan dapat memenuhi permintaan akhir diatas kemampuan rata-rata. Kedua sektor tersebut juga berkontribusi besar dalam pembentukan output, nilai tambah dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Sektor industri pengolahan Jawa Timur mempunyai keterkaitan ke belakang yang tinggi dengan sektor pertanian melalui pemanfaatan produk pertanian sebagai bahan baku industri. Total transaksi output sektor pertanian perikanan dan kelautan yang digunakan sektor industri pengolahan adalah Rp 180.01 Triliun, 72.79% diantaranya digunakan sektor industri makanan. Disisi lain kebutuhan industri makanan akan bahan baku impor juga masih tinggi (21.66% dari total kebutuhan bahan baku), untuk itu pemanfaatan sumberdaya lokal sebagai substitusi bahan impor harus ditingkatkan. Pengembangan keterkaitan antar sektor dan pemanfaatan komoditas lokal terus didorong untuk mengurangi ketergantungan bahan baku impor.

Dynamics and Projections of Land Cover Changes and Spatial Plan Inconsistenciesin Kendeng Mountains Region Kendeng is limestone mountains that stretch across the northern part of Java Island. It is located in 7 regencies in 2 provinces (Pati, Grobogan, Blora, and Rembang Regenciy in Central Java Province; and Lamongan, Bojonegoro, and Tuban Regency in East Java Province). Kendeng Mountains is rich in natural resources and biodiversity. However, the development of mining activities and other cultivation activities has led to a dynamic land cover changes and threatens to damage the karst area of Kendeng Mountains. This research aims to: (1) identify the dynamics of land cover changes (LCC) in Kendeng Mountains (1996–2016); (2) conduct projections of the LCC in 2036; and (3) analyze spatial plan inconsistencies in the region. LCC analysis was conducted with ArcGIS 10.3 software using land cover maps of 1996, 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2016 from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Projections of LCC in 2036 was analyzed by CA-Markov using Idrisi Selva software. Spatial plan inconsistency analysis was carried out by overlaying land cover maps with Spatial Plan (RTRW) maps. Based on CA-Markov analysis, the mining area increased from 12 ha (1996) to 1,660 ha (2016), as well as built-up area from 83,543 ha (1996) to 96,761 ha (2016). The projection of land cover change predicts that mining area and built-up area in 2036 will increase to 3,646 ha and 110,843 ha. Existing area (in 2016) which is inconsistent with the Spatial Plan is 12.3%. Based on predicted LCC in 2036, it seems that the chances of spatial plan inconsistencies in this region will increase more in the future.

Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung Metropolitan areas experiencing the phenomenon of urban expansion which has caused both metropolitan areas to be more connected and become a mega-urban area by a corridor through a conurbation process. Karawang regency is part of the region in the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The increasing number of population in the region will encourage the addition of number and types of public facilities. The objectives of this study were to analyze the regional development and spatial distribution pattern of the Village Development Index/ Indeks Perkembangan Desa (IPD) in Karawang regency. Regional development was analyzed using scalogram analysis, while spatial distribution pattern of the IPD was analyzed using Global and Local Moran Index. Regional development analysis shows the distribution of the IPD in 2014 has increased from 2003. Analysis of spatial distribution pattern of IPD values from 2003 and 2014 shows the clustered distribution patterns in some sub-districts.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the empowerment of electricity beneficiaries through community empowerment activities following the use of wind and solar renewable energy (PLTH) in Pantai Baru. To achieve these objectives, the data collection in this study was carried out using a structured research questionnaire to 68 PLTH electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru, where they are also managers of tourism business in Pantai Baru.This study uses a frequency distribution analysis method to identify: (1) the profile of renewable electricity beneficiaries and (2) determine the extent of empowerment renewable energy electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru. The results showed that the characteristics of the beneficiaries were generally of a mature age, had a clear direction of life and goals, and had and adequate level of education. Furthermore, in terms of the empowerment indicators used in this study, they are rated as high. Thus, this study indicates that the community empowerment activities through the development of renewable energy have an impact to the empowerment of PLTH electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru.

This study aimed at map village typologies based on the status of rural development and resilience for prepare the guidance village funds usage. Status of rural development was built with 13 indicators and status resilience was built with 10 indicators. The study used secondary data from BPS, wich was PODES 2014 in 326 villages at Pandeglang district. The results showed that 5 villages were categorized as advanced villages, 93 villages were categorized as developed villages, 177 villages as undeveloped villages, and 52 were categorized as outlying villages. Based on resilience status, there were 16 villages categorized as low resilience villages, 239 villages as middle resilence villages, and 71 villages categorized as high resilience villages. Based on the status of development and resileince, 4 villages were categorized as typology B (advanced and middle resilience villages), 1 village were typology C (advanced and low resiliece villages), 4 villages were typology D (developed and high resilience villages), 79 villages were typology E (developed and middle resilience villages), 9 villages were typology F (developed and low resilience villages), 35 villages were typology G (undeveloped and high resilience villages), 136 were typology H (undeveloped and middle resilience villages), 6 villages were typology I (undeveloped and low resilience villages), 32 villages were typology J (outlying and high resilience villages), and 20 villages were typology K (outlying and middle resilience villages)

The study aims to analyses the reasons behind migrations motives among rural household based on household and area origin characteristic. The study used IFLS data of 2007 and 2014 consisting 2,581 household samples spreading in 13 provinces. Binomial and multinomial logit model was used to estimate probability to migrate based on migration motive. We found the contradictory effect of household income on decision to migrate between motives. Income has negative effect in risk coping as migration motives, otherwise have positive effect in investment motive. --------------------------------------- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan dibalik motif migrasi di antara rumah tangga perdesaan berdasarkan karakteristik rumah tangga dan karakteristik daerah asal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data IFLS tahun 2007 dan 2014 yang terdiri dari 2.581 sampel rumah tangga yang tersebar di 13 provinsi. Model binomial dan multinomial logit digunakan untuk memperkirakan probabilitas untuk bermigrasi berdasarkan motif migrasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan efek kontradiktif dari pendapatan rumah tangga pada keputusan untuk bermigrasi di antara motif. Pendapatan memiliki efek negatif dalam mengatasi risiko sebagai motif migrasi, sebaliknya memiliki efek positif dalam motif investasi.

Economic Impacts and Development Strategies for Lake Sentani Tourism in Jayapura Regency Lake Sentani tourism is a type of natural tourism. Management of the natural tourism is in the form of collaboration between the local government and local communities by relying on the beauty and panorama of the nature. Aims of this study are (1) to estimate the economic value of Lake Sentani tourism which is expected to have an impact to the local economy and benefit the surrounding communities, and (2) to formulate effective strategies for managing the natural tourism. Data collection was conducted through field survey and interview. Data used were on tourist expenditure, labor, business income, number of tourists, and perceptions and preferences of stakeholders towards the development of Lake Sentani tourism. The sampling method used was the purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 133 persons. The method of analysis used were Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM), multiplier effect, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analysis results show that Lake Sentani tourism had a low economic impact on the local economy development and communities around the area with a value of Keynesian income multiplier of 0.93. In order to develop Lake Sentani tourism, the proposed strategy is ecologically based, supported by the role of local government stakeholder as regulator who are responsible for advancing the welfare of business people involved in all activities related to Lake Sentani tourism.

The Role of the Forestry Subsector in the Regional Development of West Java Province: Input-Output and Clustering Approach West Java Province has a problem to balance economic growth, population welfare, and environmental sustainability. Land requirements to support economic activities have caused land conversion and land use misalignment that are not in line with their function and carrying capacity. This research is aimed to analyze the role of the forestry subsector within the regional economy, how the alignments between forest area use and spatial planning, and to analyze regional typology based on environment carrying capacity based on ecosystem services. Research methods used in this research include Input-Output Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Spatial Clustering Analysis. Results of the alignment analysis between land use/land cover and spatial planning showed that about 20.8% or 167,473 ha of forest area experienced land use/land cover changes. Results of the Input-Output analysis showed that the role of the forestry subsector in using outputs from other sectors and providing outputs for other sectors were low. West Java Province can be divided into 4 clusters: center of paddy production, regions that are dominated by forest, densely populated regions, and drought-prone regions.

After decentralization, there was massive development in Jakarta megacity’s outer suburbs (JMOS), especially in Bekasi and Tangerang regencies, marked by large-scale industrial estate/park (LSIEP) and followed by new town developments. However, this process led to the emergence of “chaotic” urban-rural land patterns. This study sought to identify the extent to which LSIEP development has affected rural-urban land transformation (RULT). The primary data were land use/cover (LUC) data from 2005, 2015, and 2020 and the LSIEP distributions. The methods applied are the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model for 2025’s LUC prediction and the RULT index approach, RULT index development using the analytical hierarchy process. These combined approaches were novel in Indonesia, which usually relies on Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov, overlay (spatial), and descriptive statistics analyses to describe the RULT phenomenon. It was found that the villages located around the LSIEP close to the Jakarta megacity toll road network and those adjacent to the municipality (city) had been transformed into urban areas, while villages far from those locations were still rural. This study’s results help clarify the rural to urban transformation in Jakarta megacity’s outer suburbs and could be used as input for spatial planning policy.

The formation of the Jakarta Bandung Mega-Urban Region (JBMUR) has created a rapidly urbanized corridor, the JBMUR south conurbation corridor. Due to its geographical location, the expansion process in the JBMUR south conurbation corridor has caused significant social, economic, and environmental problems. This study explores and quantifies the impact of the urban expansion of the JBMUR on its south corridor, mainly on the spatial pattern and the form dynamics based on the land-use changes process, using landscape metrics and its implications on planning policy. The metrics used in this study describes a few patterns and form characteristics: density, clustering, connectivity, and shape. Those metrics are then quantitatively measured using the FRAGSTATS Urban Expansion Intensity to measure the expansion rate in four of the JBMUR South Conurbation Corridor urban areas. The result shows that the urban areas grow significantly from the core area and expand outside with the following pattern: increased urban density, less compact, and the two urban areas becoming closer/more connected. This growth intensity and pattern are happening due to the misalignment of the planning policies in the municipalities of the south corridor. It is needed for any future planning policies to mitigate these problems and create a robust plan to maintain the sustainability of the JBMUR South Conurbation Corridor as a whole.

The urban form is the physical configuration of a city, developed over time and space. Urban form can be considered at different scales, from region to neighborhood, each carrying a different focus. North Cianjur serves as the hinterland and one of the conurbation corridors of the Jakarta–Bandung Mega-Urban Region, meaning that the balance between its function as an environmental buffer area and the destination of urban growth needs to be planned carefully. This paper explores the dynamics in North Cianjur and employs several model scenarios as a planning intervention using landscape dynamic tools and land-change modeling, with three scenarios employed: Business as Usual (BAU), Spatial Planning Policy (SPP), and Urban Containment (UCT). The result show that North Cianjur has transformed into a polycentric region with two urban zones, a peri-urban zone, and a rural zone in the northernmost part of the region. Urban form trends show a sprawling built-up pattern outside urban zones, and a compacted trend in urban zones due to expansion from the Jakarta and Bandung Metropolitan Area. UCT models appear to be the most optimal for implementation in North Cianjur, representing a way to accommodate urban growth and expansion inside the urban center while still maintaining regional sustainability.

The land border area in Indonesia is a strategic area from a social, economic, political, cultural, and security perspective. The arrangement and development of the border area as a strategic area are needed to synchronize the policies of the central and regional governments. Even though it has several problems, currently, the development of the border area has become one of the development priorities by the government. The Development Index of Land Border Area was built to analyze development dynamics in border areas during 2018 - 2019 using Linear Aggregation Model (OECD 2008). It is used as a reference in program preparation and evaluation of central and regional government policies related to border development and management. This research was conducted in twenty-one districts in the land border area of Indonesia, covering five provinces, namely West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat), East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, and Papua. The dimensions used in this calculation are economic, social, infrastructure, communication technology, and the environment, as well as eleven sub-dimensions and twenty-nine variables. All observation areas have economic resources in the agricultural sector, but some areas are also tourist areas. Over ten years, the development index for Indonesia’s land border areas was quite volatile but still ranged from 10- 20. During 2010 - 2019, Berau (East Kalimantan) achieved the highest development composite index of 25.4, and the lowest was Sabu Raijua (East Nusa Tenggara) achieved the lowest composite index of 19.8.

Although uneven regional development has long been an issue in Java, most parts of the territory experienced an increased level of development over the last two decades. Due to the variance in local background and spatial heterogeneity, the driving factors of the development level should, theoretically, vary over space. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the local factors that influence the development level of Java’s regions. We used the spatiotemporal pattern analysis, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and geographically weighted regression (GWR), utilizing the regional development index as the predicted variable, and the social level, economy, infrastructure, land use, and environmental barriers as predictors. As per our results, it was found that the level of development in Java has improved over the past two decades. Metropolitan areas continued to lead this improvement. All the predictors that we examined significantly affected regional development. However, the spatial pattern of the local regression coefficients of Human Development Index (HDI), landslide, paddy conversion, and crime shifted due to changes in the spatial concentration of development activities.

The Jakarta metropolitan region (the Jakarta megacity), located in the fourth most populous country in the world (Indonesia), is the largest urban agglomeration in the Global South—continues to grow, especially in its outer suburbs (Bekasi Regency). The governments (Central and Local) tend to implement an urban-biased policy (UBP) to connect Bekasi Regency into global production networks and boost Bekasi Regency’s income. However, previous case studies of China and Vietnam have revealed that the UBP increases economic disparities between urban and rural areas. Therefore, this study probes urban–rural economic disparities and their characteristics at a microregional level (desa/kelurahan) in the Bekasi Regency. The methods applied in this study are geographically weighted regression (GWR), RULT index, and quantitative zoning. The results show that almost all desa/kelurahan in the high poverty (HPv) cluster are rural neighborhoods (desa/kelurahan with rural characteristics). By contrast, only 5% of desa/kelurahan with urban characteristics are HPvs, while the remainder are in the low poverty (LPv) cluster. Rural neighborhoods with HPv tend to have a high percentage of households dependent on agriculture. Thus, empirical results (with a case of a Global South megacity suburb) further support previous evidence that the UBP has caused urban–rural economic disparities.

The daily traffic congestion faced by residents who live in the Greater Jakarta area has popularized the Jabodetabek Electric Train (KRL) as a mode of transportation for commuters to work and school. However, satisfactory service has not matched the increasing number of KRL users. Therefore, this study aims to develop a sustainability policy for urban rail services in Indonesia as an alternative strategy to overcome KRL service problems, such as overcapacity and inconvenience. The Multipol method is used to develop KRL service sustainability policies. Multipol is a multi-criteria decision-making method through the opinion of transportation experts. This study found that controlling the spread of COVID in the KRL is one of the priorities that must be implemented to ensure the continuity of the train. Then, the safety and security of the KRL are among the most critical policies determining the sustainability of urban railways in Indonesia. Therefore, safety and security can be improved by developing the competence of railway personnel through training, and protection, guaranteeing the rights of persons with disabilities and building safe and secure transfer spaces for onward journeys. The Ministry of Transportation and Indonesian commuter rail companies must improve supervision, assessment, and sanctions to meet service standards.