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COVID-19 ha obligado a las organizaciones a adaptarse a la "nueva normalidad", incluyendo a las empresas familiares. En este estudio, el objetivo es responder dos preguntas: ¿Qué tan preparadas están las empresas familiares para enfrentar disrupciones como la pandemia? y ¿qué tan importante es el contexto en esa respuesta? Utilizando la visión basada en recursos, en este estudio cualitativo se analiza los recursos desplegados por dos familias empresarias propietarias de tres empresas familiares en la industria del mueble en Colombia y Estados Unidos. Los hallazgos evidencian que las empresas familiares son resilientes, pero los recursos y las capacidades desplegados, así como sus usos, son diferentes de acuerdo al contexto, lo que sugiere una familiness contingente durante una crisis. COVID-19 has impacted the world and has forced organizations to adapt to the “new normal”, and family businesses have not been exempt. In this study, we answer two research questions; how prepared are family businesses to face shocks like the pandemic? and, do contexts matter in that response? Using the Resource-Based View of the firm, in this qualitative exploratory study we analyze the resources and capabilities deployed by two business families owning three family businesses in the office furniture industry in the countries of Colombia and the USA. Our findings indicate that indeed family businesses are resilient, but the resources and capabilities deployed and their uses are different according to the context, suggesting a contingent familiness during a crisis.

PURPOSE: The article presents a methodology whose aim was: first, to present the problem of the influence of conflicts upon family and business spheres in family businesses and to conduct a statistical analysis on a large sample, second: to check whether similar results can be obtained making use of small samples, randomly chosen from a large sample and analyzed using Grey Systems Theory tools., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The obtained data was used for correlation analyses and analyses that follow the procedure of Grey Incidence Analysis. The research outcome corroborated the convergence of results for both analytical approaches, which, according to the authors, allows the presented research methodology to be used with small samples of family businesses., FINDINGS: The obtained research results confirm the hypothesis which says that the results of conclusions drawn from a small amount of data using the GST methods are in keeping with the results of correlational research for a large amount of data defining the same phenomenon., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the research indicate the usefulness of grey incidence analysis in empirical research on family business issues., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research presented in the article is a positive verification of grey analytical models which can be extremely useful for empirical analyses conducted on small research samples., The publication was financed from the funds for the statutory activity of the Faculty of Engineering Management at Poznań University of Technology, under the grant: Grey Systems Theory Integration with Management and Quality Sciences - methodological and application challenges (Grant No. 0811/SBAD/1017)., peer-reviewed

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi -- Kaynakça var. HD 62.25/Ş24 Günümüzde yaşanan ekonomik krizler ve ağırlaşan rekabet koşulları, şirketlerin sürdürülebilirliğini gerçekleştirebilmesi için stratejik kararlar almasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu kararlar şirketlerin ömürlerini, gelecek nesillere aktarımını etkilemektedir.Aile şirketleri dünya ekonomisinde önemli yere sahiptir. Aile şirketlerinin yeni kuşaklara devredilmesi ve sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için stratejik kararlar doğrultusunda hareket etmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu şirketlerin en büyük sorunu nesilden nesle aktarılamaması ya da büyümemesi ve bununla birlikte ağırlaşan rekabet koşullarında yok olma tehlikesi ile karşılaşmalarıdır. Bu yüzden aile şirketleri kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma unsurları doğrultusunda hareket etmektedirler.Kurumsallaşma; devamlılığı belirli kişilere bağlı olmadan ilerleyen sistem anlamına gelmektedir. Markalaşma ise; ürünü rakiplerden ayıran, her bakımdan tercih edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma unsurlarının ortak noktası, işletmenin varlığını güçlü bir şekilde devam ettirmesidir. Bu unsurlar bazı işletmelerde aynı anda kullanılırken bazı işletmelerde ise biri diğerinden sonra gelmektedir. Şirketler kuruluş aşamasından sonra, bu iki unsuru göz önünde bulundurarak hareket etmeleri gerekmektedir. Aile şirketi önce kurumsallaşmalı mı yoksa markalaşmalı mıdır sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma kavramları açıklanmıştır. Aile şirketlerinin kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma sürecini etkileyen unsurlar ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda aile şirketlerinde kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma süreci, mobilya sektöründe faaliyet gösteren Uyku Dünyası firmasını incelenerek gerçekleştirilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Marka, Kurumsallaşma, Aile şirketleri, Aile anayasası, Mobilya. Today's economic crises and aggravating competition conditions make it necessary for companies to make strategic decisions in order to realize their sustainability. These decisions affect the transfer of the company's lifespan to future generations.Family companies have an important place in the world economy. Family businesses need to move to new generations and act in line with strategic decisions to ensure sustainability. The biggest problem of these companies is encountering the danger of disappearing in the conditions of competition. As a result, family companies act in the direction of institutionalization and branding elements.Institutionalization; continuity refers to a system that is not tied to the existence of certain persons. Branding is; aims to be preferred in every respect, separating the product from competitors. The common point of institutionalization and branding is that the entity continues its existence strongly. These two factors are used in some enterprises at the same time, but in some enterprises one comes after the other. After the establishment phase, companies have to act with these two factors in mind. Whether the family business should first be institutionalized or branded, answering the questions is sought. In this project, the concepts of institutionalization and branding are explained. Factors affecting the process of institutionalization and branding of family companies are discussed. In this direction, the institutionalization and braning process in family companies was carried out by examining the Uyku Dünyası, which operates in the furniture sector.Keywords: Brand, Institutionalization, Family companies, Family constitution, Furniture.

Purpose Building on the resource-based view and the configuration theory, the purpose of this study uses a systemic and multidimensional competitiveness index (CI) i.e. that incorporates system constraints among the 10 competitive pillars that form the index to assess the competitiveness level and the connection between competitiveness and economic performance [return on assets (ROA)] in family businesses (FBs). Design/methodology/approach For the empirical application, the use a unique primary data set drawn from the global competitiveness project (www.gcp.org) that includes information for 77 Colombian FBs for 2017. Cluster analysis is used to evaluate the potential relationship between competitiveness, the configuration of competitive pillars and economic performance (ROA). Findings The results for the CI show that the main competitive strengths of the analysed firms are related to the introduction of product innovations and networks (suppliers and customers), while the limited use of technologies in their operations and the low online presence are the main competitive weaknesses of these firms. Additionally, the findings of the cluster analysis reveal that different configurations of competitiveness pillars are associated with different performance levels. Therefore, the results contribute to identifying how specific strategies aimed at improving different resources or capabilities contribute to enhance business competitiveness, and ultimately, performance. Originality/value By using an index number that takes into account the multiple interactions between resources and capabilities, the proposed analysis not only sheds light on the drivers of competitiveness i.e. resources and capabilities, and its connection to performance but also contributes to understanding the boundaries of the businesses’ competitiveness system, as well as the strategies that can potentially enhance competitiveness, and subsequently, business performance.

Purpose: This contribution appraises previous theoretical underpinnings that are focused on family businesses in tourism and hospitality. It discusses about the opportunities and challenges for their development. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out through peer reviewed publications that were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. It relied on the PRISMA protocol to evaluate rigorous articles and reviews. A content analysis sheds light on high impact contributions on “family business” and “tourism” or “hospitality”, that were published since 2010. Findings: This bibliographic research captured, analyzed and synthesized the findings from previous contributions to identify the factors that are facilitating the growth prospects, long term sustainability and innovative approaches of family businesses within the tourism and hospitality industry. Originality: Currently, there are just a few contributions that advance relevant knowledge and understanding on the business development of family firms in tourism and hospitality. This research addresses this academic gap as these entities constitute the life blood of tourist destinations in various contexts., peer-reviewed

As empresas familiares compõem uma estrutura importante para o desenvolvimento econômico do país. A sucessão dessas empresas é fundamental para sua continuidade. Pesquisa realizada com EPP’s aponta que cerca de 30% das empresas familiares chegam à segunda geração, 12% à terceira e apenas 3% chegam à quarta geração (Sebrae, 2016). Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar as etapas e os elementos que podem ser utilizados como abordagem para redução de riscos em processos sucessórios. O estudo se caracteriza qualitativo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva; os dados foram coletados por meio de roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturado. Os resultados indicaram que o processo sucessório acontece, na maioria dos casos, de maneira informal e intuitiva, acarretando diversos conflitos. Logo, o planejamento do processo sucessório pode contribuir e minimizar os riscos. Sendo assim, foi sugerida uma abordagem que visa reduzir os riscos que um processo sucessório mal estruturado pode causar na empresa. Family businesses make up an important structure for the country's economic development. The succession of these companies is essential for their continuity, research carried out with EPP’s points out that about 30% of family businesses reach the second generation, 12% to the third and only 3% reach the fourth generation (Sebrae, 2016). Therefore, this study aimed to identify, describe and analyze the steps and elements that can be used as an approach to reduce risks in succession processes. The study is characterized as being a qualitative research, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, the data were collected through a semi-structured interview script. The results indicated that the succession process happens in most cases in an informal and intuitive way, causing several conflicts, so a planning of the succession process can contribute and minimize the risks. Therefore, an approach was suggested that aims to reduce the risks that a poorly structured succession process can cause in the company.

Family firms are a unique setting to study constructive conflict management due to the influence of family ties of the owning family imprinting a sense of common purpose and shared destiny, and high levels of trust. We study the relationship between shared vision and trust that intervene in the adoption of constructive conflict management. To achieve our purpose, we carried out a systematic indirect observation using a mixed methods approach. We used the narratives of 17 semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded and transcribed, of family and non-family managers or directors from five Spanish family firms in the siblings' partnership stage, combined with documentary data obtained from different sources. Intra- and inter-observer reliability were confirmed. Results show a dynamic relationship between shared vision and specific components of trust (benevolence and ability) at different levels of conflict management. We also provide evidence of specific processes of concurrence-seeking and open-mindedness in family and ownership forums accounting for the relevance of family governance in these type of organizations. Family firms are a sum of several subsystems which exhibit a particular resources configuration. This study sheds light on constructive conflict management in family firms opening interesting avenues for further research and offering practical implications to managers, owners, and advisors. ispartof: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY vol:12 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

En el siguiente trabajo se encuentra la información del análisis estratégico realizado por estudiantes de la Universidad Icesi, a la empresa Giral2. Giral2 es una empresa de representación que lleva mas de 50 años en el mercado, con productos con la mejor relación Precio-Calidad. El Análisis Estratégico nos permite identificar factores de amenazas y oportunidades de crecimiento, con el fin de entender el panorama en el que se encuentra la empresa. Es un proceso que se lleva a cabo par investigar sobre el entorno de negocios dentro del cual opera una organización y el estudio de esta, con el fin de formular una estrategia para la toma de decisiones y el cumplimiento de los objetivos. Por medio de lo anterior, se analiza la empresa desde su constitución. Además, se indaga la empresa a nivel interno y externo, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes factores y el valor agregado que brinda la misma, Adicionalmente, identificamos sus competidores y como nos encontramos en comparación con la competencia. Finalmente, se realiza un plan estratégico seguido de un plan táctico de acción, con unas recomendaciones, lo cual nos indica como llevaremos acabo la proyección realizada a la empresa.

While most research on family business longevity focuses on how internal corporate governance issue impact resilience, the aim of this article is to foreground the relevance of external environmental factors, and to do so in an internationally comparative perspective. By historically comparing the largest family businesses in Germany and Spain in the twentieth century, we find that they differ significantly in age and ask how external factors help us better understand these variances. After analysing the institutional framework of the two countries during the second part of the 20th century, we explore the strategic responses developed in reaction to that framework by four of the largest family businesses in the two countries. With this, we strive to capture the interdependent nature of internal decision-making processes and external environmental changes, ultimately arguing for a more holistic understanding of family business resilience over time.

Family businesses are one of the main drivers of the economy, hence the relevance of studying them. There are several contributions from national specialists on the subject of family businesses, but the studies and tools developed with the purpose of to professionalize to this type of companies are insufficient. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to design a strategic teaching plan with interdisciplinary characteristics for the training of students towards the creation and management of family businesses in Barcelona, Spain, responding to the needs and demands of society. The methodology used is of a quantitative nature, with a scope according to the level of knowledge obtained with said research: exploratory-descriptive. It also required a non-experimental descriptive transactional type, all in order to investigate the incidence and provide a vision of the study community. The unit of analysis used was the teaching staff of the area of Organization of companies. Based on the proposed strategic teaching plan, it is intended that teachers first acquire the same skills that students are required to manage and lead family businesses. Key words: strategic plan, family businesses, teaching competencies JEL Classification: M13, M19, M53, M59

En este documento exponemos como la teoría de la planeación estratégica, se aplica dentro de las empresas propias y/o familiar, enfocándonos en este caso particular en INRESA una empresa que lleva muchos años en el mercado de elementos de protección industrial siendo el aliado de muchas empresas nacionales e internacionales protegiendo con sus productos de calidad a los colaboradores de sus clientes. El trabajo contempla un marco teórico sobre un acercamiento a todo lo que es un proceso de planeación estrategia. También se realizó un trabajo de campo consistente de unas encuestas de clima organizacional, de servicio al cliente, generación de objetivos estratégicos y sugerencia a la empresa sobre la estrategia que debe llevar acabo para conseguir los principales objetivos estratégicos.

This article analyses the process of creation and transfer of entrepreneurial competitive advantages in large family firms of three dynamic emerging economies of the 21st century: Brazil, Mexico and China. It does so by studing path dependencies and the creation of dynamic capabilities in three case studies: Pao de Açúcar (Brazil), Grupo Carso (Mexico) and Hutchison Whampoa (China). The interdisciplinary perspective of the article enables a long-term analysis of entrepreneurship, and facilitates the study of one important topic of debate in family business studies: the generational transfer of the so-called entrepreneurial spirit. The results of the article show on the one hand that existing historically determined institutions ruling local and global markets, and also inherited practices and values, have highly conditioned the strategies used to create and transfer entrepreneurship between generations in some of the largest family firms in Brazil, China and Mexico.

In this interview with Henry G. La Brie III, Florence Fields Wood discusses the life of Reverend Fleming Emory Alexander (1888 - ), and his work at the Roanoke Tribune. Wood discusses Fleming's birthplace and the early years of his life, his schooling, and family life as an adult. Wood recounts details of his leadership at Schaeffer Memorial Baptist Church located in Christiansburg, Virginia. She recounts his work with newspapers in West Virginia and Virginia - Christiansburg and Richmond - before settling in Roanoke and starting the Roanoke Tribune in 1939. Wood also recalls Fleming's education, how she came to work as a musician at Schaeffer Memorial, and how she began to assisting him at the Roanoke Tribune in 1950. She also discusses Alexander's decision to name his daughter, Claudia Alexander Whitworth, as its publisher and editor following his automobile accident. Wood discusses the impact of the Tribune on the Roanoke community and its significance for Roanoke's black community, his political aspirations, and the role black politicians should play on behalf of their constituents. During the interview Alexander discusses her sister's death and her beliefs about the differences between the black press and mainstream media; and the main purpose for the black press. Finally, Alexander discusses the politics of a family run business, Claudia Alexander Whitworth's plans for the paper in addition to the Tribune's circulation, subscription and advertising revenue, and her plans for upgrades to, and operations of the paper.

In his 1971 interview with Henry La Brie III, Keith discusses his education, service in the United States Army, and introduction to newspaper work through his father. Other topics of discussion include: the successes and failures of the Courier under the leadership of William Beverly Carter, Jr.; the controversial editorials of George Schuyler; the limitations of the black press because of its lack of capital; labor organizations founded in Pittsburgh; and how black papers have contributed to progress in race relations in America.

In this interview conducted with Henry La Brie III, Marcus C. Stewart, Sr., discusses the history of the Indianapolis Recorder and the various issues in running the paper. He conceptualizes the successes and the future of the black press, the problems with advertising, and crime reporting, with particular attention to the shifting American racial consciousness. Stewart explains the differences of the black press in the North and in the South. Stewart and La Brie discuss what objectivity means in the context of running a newspaper. Stewart also explains why expanding and catering to a white readership is not a priority for him.

In his 1971 interview with Henry La Brie, Hubbard briefly describes his education before discussing the history of the Norfolk Journal and Guide. Later, Hubbard discusses black higher education and divestment from job training to explain the scarcity of trained black operators in the job market. Outlining the ways the Journal attracts both advertisers and readership, Hubbard discusses the changes in mainstream coverage of African-American issues and the continuing importance of the black press in African-American communities. Hubbard delves into the technical aspects of his work, discussing how he trains employees and adapts to technological advancements. In the final portion of this interview, Hubbard discusses black newspaper families; the idea of a black news service; his decision to become a linotype operator; whether black newspapers are supplementary or complementary to the black reader's news diet; Northern bias and regionalism; and the exclusion of black mechanics from labor unions.

In this 1971 interview conducted by Henry La Brie III, Cornelius Adolphus "C. A." Scott describes his early experiences with printing and how that affected his work as publisher and editor of the Atlanta Daily World. He explains why the Daily World supported certain political candidates and movements over others, how he used the paper for justice, and how unions have affected the paper. Scott discusses the distinguishing features of a black newspaper, the future of the black press and advertising, and his own impact on journalism. He describes the changes of the white press as stagnant over time and talks about the successes of the black press and its role in society. Finally, he explains why the black press was being an important area of study at the time of the interview.

Jacox briefly discusses: his education; his training in carpentry; his decision to pursue a career in journalism; his early interest in sports and introduction to black newspapers. Jacox traces the successes of the black press and re-imagines the present without the influence of black newspapers. He also discusses the growing problems of the black press at the time of the interview, including recurring personnel shortages, a lack of funding, increasing competition with the white press and daily papers, a loss of readership to television programs, the limits of family-run papers, common misperceptions of black papers, and a reluctance and/or inability to modernize. Still, Jacox also emphasizes the enduring successes of the black press and the continued need for ethnic newspapers.

In this interview with Henry G. La Brie III, Howard Murphy discusses the family's businesses, his family's accomplishments and contributions to the Baltimore, Maryland and national communities. Murphy also discusses the significance of black caterers in Baltimore. He provides his views on the black press and the business of the Afro-American. Murphy discusses changes in the black press; printing methods, marketing and sales; competition with mainstream print media; ownership of the papers and its relation to credibility, relevance and legitimacy; exclusion, from mainstream print media; material that interests black newspaper consumers; and the role of the black press as a training ground for interns. He also discusses why the black press will not fade away like the foreign newspapers of the early twentieth century did. Murphy recounts the history of the Afro-American, including the details of his grandfather's career prior to founding the Afro-American, its choice of locations for printing and distribution, advertising and marketing strategies in addition to the challenges of being a family owned and run business. Murphy shares his insight on the importance of editorials in the life of a newspaper, especially during the early twentieth century in reporting on communists and America's relationship with Russia. Murphy discusses the weekly printing schedule, the decision to end production in Philadelphia while maintaining production in Baltimore, Richmond, Newark, and Washington D.C. Murphy also discusses the integrated hiring strategy and the impact of the pay scale on the Afro-American's daily operation.

Although the concept of family business has become an increasingly used term in any reference to the economic analysis of productive activity, there is no internationally accepted definition of it. As a consequence, there is no agreement as to what the main pillars are that define the family business. In this study we aim to carry out a thorough literature review in order to determine the main pillars that might bring about academic consensus on this subject and to determine how both the evolution of the family business culture and the evolution of the family influence it. To start with, we should point out that the family business has a particular feature: A family owns or runs it. Specific values and principles from a non-family company will differentiate family companies. Its peculiarity is not its organisational structure or legal form, but the fact that it belongs to a family that runs or controls its decision-making processes. In an initial approach, different authors put forward a three-dimensional definition of the family business: (a) In a broad sense, the family exercises effective control of the strategic direction of the company to prevent the family losing its dominant position as the owner, even though it barely participates in the direct management of the business; (b) In a middle sense, the family business is an enterprise run by the founder or his/her descendants, who exercise legal control of the voting stock, and in which the family has some involvement in management; (c) In a narrow sense, multiple generations of the family participate to a great degree in the business and are involved in the running and owning of it; various family members have important management responsibilities. We analyze different definitions proposed for family business in order to establish whether effectively ownership (as a percentage) by the family and the desire for continuity in passing the company to the next generations are present, or not, in all definitions. Finally, we aim to determine how this affects both the evolution of the family business culture and the concept of the family. With this we can determine whether these two characteristics form the basis of the defining concept of family business, and are the 'drivers' of the family business culture.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Belles arts. Facultat de Belles Arts. Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018, Tutor: Agustí, Eugènia, [cat] La Permanent és un projecte que proposa estratègies d’instal·lació de produccions artístiques contemporànies en un negoci familiar, concretament una perruqueria. Mitjançant aquest procediment és possible pensar en un atansament dels diversos usuaris d’aquest espai cap a les arts visuals, ja que promou la interacció amb el flux diari que implica. S’han convidat diferents artistes i col·lectius a participar d’aquest projecte, demanant a cadascun intervenir-hi adequant el seu projecte personal per a aquest context específic, considerant per a fer-ho els seus usos i funcions. Durant 6 mesos aquestes propostes d’intervenció estan transformant la perruqueria, plantejant interaccions que prioritzen anar més enllà de la relació amb la comunitat artística, adreçant-se al públic que de manera quotidiana utilitza aquest espai., [eng] La Permanent is a project that proposes strategies for the installation of contemporary artistic productions in a familiar business, specifically one hair salon. Through this procedure it is possible to think of an approach of the various users of this place towards the visual arts, since it promotes interaction with the daily flow that space this implies. Different artists and collectives have been invited to participate in this project, asking each of them to intervene in the hair salon by adapting the personal project for this specific context, considering the uses and functions of the place to do so. For six months these proposals of intervention act to transform the hair salon, encouraging interactions that prioritise going beyond the typical relationship with the artistic community and instead addressing the public that uses this hair salon on a daily basis as well.

La empresa familiar objeto del presente estudio es Bastet E.I.R.L. que se dedica a producir y comercializar productos de papel y cartón, enfocándose en la fabricación de envases. Su principal cliente es la Pastelería Las Delicias con un 74,54% de las ventas. Bastet ha disminuido sus ventas y utilidad neta desde el 2014. En el año 2015 ha disminuido 762.368 soles; es decir, 42% de las ventas. Por lo que la gerente general, ha mostrado interés en desarrollar un diagnóstico y mejora integral enfocada en un aumento de ventas con el fin de contrarrestar la súbita caída de ventas en la empresa. En un principio la hipótesis de investigación fue que la mejora integral de los procesos y la generación de un plan de incremento de ingresos por ventas en la empresa Bastet facilitará una gestión eficiente de los recursos de la empresa, mejorando su rentabilidad.

Yüksek lisans tezi., Türk ve dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan aile işletmeleri küreselleşme ile birlikte değişime uyum sağlamakta zorlanmaktadırlar. Ekonomik ve sosyal alanda önemli bir yere sahip olan aile işletmelerinin aile mülkiyetini koruyarak devam edebildikleri işletme ömürlerinin çok kısa olduğu incelenmiştir. Rekabet koşullarının sertleştiği küresel pazarda aile işletmelerinin yaşadıkları problemlerin sürdürülebilirliği ve rekabet gücünü düşürdüğü gözlenmektedir. Bu sebeple aile işletmelerinin ´´yeniden yapılanması´´ kaçınılmazdır. Aile işletmelerinin küresel pazara ve değişen rekabet şartlarına uyum sağlayamamasının en önemli nedeni kurumsallaşamamalarıdır. Yeniden yapılanma, yani kurumsallaşma sürecinde aile işletmelerinin önündeki en önemli engel ise kuşaklararası yaşanan çatışmalardır. Çalışmada aile işletmelerinin yapısı, aile ve işletmenin ilişkileri, yaşanan kuşaklararası çatışmalar, kurumsallaşamama nedenleri ve kuşaklararası çatışmaların kurumsallaşamamaya etkisi incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

How will the presence of independent directors affect family business performance? This question is still theoretically debated and empirically inconclusive. Because family businesses are a group of heterogeneous companies with different levels of family involvement in the business, the purpose of this paper is to empirically explore how the combination of different family business governance structures jointly shape the effect of independent directors on family business performance in an understudied Collectivist cultural setting. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) on a sample of 74 Lebanese family firms this study finds that, depending on the family firm governance structure, the presence of independent directors on the board can lead to either positive or negative firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2018, Director: Jordi Vitrià i Marca, [en] The first goal of this paper is to explain how the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms were born and follow their evolution throughout the 20th century to the present day. Firstly, we are going to discuss different types of MCMC algorithms and explain how they were created, and secondly, we are going to introduce the large amount of different applications they have. The other main goal is analyze their implementation in the field of programming, which has resulted in the creation of several probabilistic programming languages, and use them in a real case in which we are going to examine the client flow of a certain company.

La autora comparte sus experiencias como consultora de gobernanza en empresas de propiedad familiar.

Treballs Finals de Grau Antropologia Social i Cultural, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018, Director: Ferran Estrada i Bonell, [spa] La empresa familiar se sustenta por un lado en lazos de sangre y por otro en la lógica económica. En el caso de Argelia, el parentesco se percibe como determinante para la producción y reproducción de la empresa, por encima de la consecución del beneficio. En este ensayo etnográfico se investigan, con una mirada diacrónica, las relaciones de respeto y de reciprocidad que se desarrollan en el seno de las familias empresarias, poniendo de relieve contradicciones y resistencias, y la forma en que esas relaciones han marcado y marcan el devenir de los negocios. También se exploran las posiciones desiguales de poder asociadas al género, con raíces en el habitus y la religión, y sus repercusiones en la empresa y en la vida., [eng] Family firms dig their roots both into blood links and economic rationality. Above the consecution of profits, kinship in Algeria appears as crucial for the production and reproduction of companies. This ethnographic study addresses, under a diachronic approach, how respect and reciprocity relations develop into these families highlighting inconsistencies and resistances, and the way these relations have affected and still affect the course that business will take. Unbalanced positions in terms of power, mostly gender-dependent, are explored too, as well as their foundations based on habitus and religion and their effects over companies and lives.

Treballs Finals del Màster de Gestoria Administrativa, Facultat de Dret, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018, Tutora: Cristina Roy Pérez, La especial relevancia que revisten las sociedades familiares para la economía española y la escasa perdurabilidad de las mismas han motivado la realización de esta investigación. Así, el objeto del presente estudio es analizar las fuentes por las que se rigen este tipo de entidades; los órganos que influyen en su gobierno y gestión; los conflictos que pueden generarse entre los mismos y que pueden hacer peligrar la pervivencia de la empresa, así como las vías de prevención y resolución de estos conflictos. La metodología se centra básicamente en examinar la normativa y la doctrina relacionada con la sociedad familiar, especialmente por cuanto a los órganos familiares y societarios se refiere, así como la normativa y doctrina relativa a las sociedades capitalistas en general, en aquellos aspectos que de modo particular pueden incidir en el gobierno y gestión de las entidades objeto de estudio. Dada la extensión permitida para la elaboración del presente trabajo, solo se plasmarán los aspectos más relevantes y directamente relacionados con las sociedades familiares.

The book “Accounting Choices in Family Firms (An Analysis of Influences and Implications)” 9783319735870 (print) 9783319735887 (online), DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73588-7, from Springer series Contributions to Management Science, is here object of reviewing. The authors, Ferramosca, Silvia, Ghio, Alessandro claim that it: - Explores the relevance of different theories to the accounting choices made in family firms, -Examines the impacts of culture and societal values on accounting choices, -Provides a comprehensive and structured review of definitions of family firms, - Offers numerous suggestions for future research on family firms and accounting choices. It is composed of seven chapters: 1. Introduction 2. The Family Business 3. Earnings Management in Family Firms 4. Accounting Conservatism in Family Firms 5. Corporate Disclosure in Family Firms 6. The Relationship Between Accounting Choice and Family Business: What Is the Role of Culture? 7. Conclusions, peer-reviewed

Treballs Finals de Grau de Belles arts. Facultat de Belles Arts. Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018, Tutor: Agustí, Eugènia [cat] La Permanent és un projecte que proposa estratègies d’instal·lació de produccions artístiques contemporànies en un negoci familiar, concretament una perruqueria. Mitjançant aquest procediment és possible pensar en un atansament dels diversos usuaris d’aquest espai cap a les arts visuals, ja que promou la interacció amb el flux diari que implica. S’han convidat diferents artistes i col·lectius a participar d’aquest projecte, demanant a cadascun intervenir-hi adequant el seu projecte personal per a aquest context específic, considerant per a fer-ho els seus usos i funcions. Durant 6 mesos aquestes propostes d’intervenció estan transformant la perruqueria, plantejant interaccions que prioritzen anar més enllà de la relació amb la comunitat artística, adreçant-se al públic que de manera quotidiana utilitza aquest espai. [eng] La Permanent is a project that proposes strategies for the installation of contemporary artistic productions in a familiar business, specifically one hair salon. Through this procedure it is possible to think of an approach of the various users of this place towards the visual arts, since it promotes interaction with the daily flow that space this implies. Different artists and collectives have been invited to participate in this project, asking each of them to intervene in the hair salon by adapting the personal project for this specific context, considering the uses and functions of the place to do so. For six months these proposals of intervention act to transform the hair salon, encouraging interactions that prioritise going beyond the typical relationship with the artistic community and instead addressing the public that uses this hair salon on a daily basis as well.

Purpose: This article analyses the Family Business (FB) within the process of globalization that has been taking place in recent decades.Design / methodology / approach: To achieve this we undertake a description of the importance of FB in the global economy and contrast this with a systematic review of the academic literature, which demonstrates the growing academic interest in the internationalization of the FB.Findings: The literature review highlights the importance of agency and stewardship theories when analyzing the aspects that affect the process of internationalization. These theoretical frameworks require a variety of assumptions and explain how ownership and control of an FB may explain different attitudes towards some short term risks, which could be due to FB politics of internationalization.Research limitations / implications: Finally, we mark out future research lines which will focus on the effect the ownership structure has on the type of internationalization that is undertaken by the FB.Originality / value: This article outlines new lines of literature review in the FB internationalization field, suggesting to the future authors the outstanding journals and topics in this research field.

Yüksek lisans tezi., Dönüşümcü liderlik, tartışılan ve araştırılan bir konuların başında gelmektedir. Literatürde birçok liderlik tipi belirlenmiş, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri açıklanmıştır. Başarılı yönetim ve etkili bir idarenin geliştirilebilmesi açısından en uygun liderlik stilini benimsemek, işletmelerin geleceğini ciddi ölçüde belirlemektedir. Aile şirketlerinde liderlik ve kurumsallaşma kavramları farklılık göstermektedir. Çünkü aile şirketlerinde yönetimde aile bireylerinin bulunması şirketi birçok açıdan farklılaştırmaktadır. Aile şirketlerinin idaresinde kurumsallaşma hayati bir önem taşımaktadır. Bunun nedeni ise aile şirketlerinin yapısı gereği kurumsallaşma problemi yaşamasıdır. Aile şirketlerinin kalıcılığını etkileyen kurumsallaşma faktörü işletme içinde kurulması gerekli olan sistemi belirlemektedir. Bu tezde liderlik, aile şirketleri ve kurumsallaşma konularına değinilmiş ve aile şirketlerinde liderlik ve aile şirketlerin kurumsallaşma konuları incelenmiştir. Aile şirketlerinin kalıcılıklarının ve başarılarının hangi koşullara göre değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Yüksek lisans tezi., Tezin amacı, aile işletmelerinde temel örgüt yapılarındaki çeşitliliği araştırmak ve söz konusu yapılar ile büyüme stratejileri arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın kapsamı, tekstil ve tekstilin yan kolları olan konfeksiyon, örme ve dokuma gibi iş kollarında faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde çalışmakta olan alt, orta ve üst kademe yöneticileri içermektedir. Aile işletmelerinde örgüt yapıları ile büyüme stratejilerinin ölçümlenmesi üzerine tekstil sektörü referans alınarak bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Kolaygelen örneklem grubu oluşturulmuştur. Anket soruları büyüme stratejileri ölçeği ile örgüt yapısı ölçeği olmak üzere iki ölçekten oluşmaktadır. Anket soruları, literatür taraması neticesinde oluşturulmuş ve referans ile oluşturulmuş olan hedef kitleye iletilmiştir. Anket katılımcılarından anket sorularını 2 gün içerisinde doldurulması istenip; 87 işletmeden katılım sağlanmış, 217 yöneticiye ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemleri olarak sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İki bağımsız grup arasında niceliksel sürekli verilerin karşılaştırılmasında t-testi, ikiden fazla bağımsız grup arasında niceliksel sürekli verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Tek yönlü (One way) Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Anova testi sonrasında farklılıkları belirlemek üzere tamamlayıcı post-hoc analizi olarak Scheffe testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sürekli değişkenleri arasında pearson korelasyon ve regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre iki ölçeğin ortalamaları farklılık arz etmektedir. Büyüme Stratejileri Genel düzeyi çok yüksek; Örgüt Yapısı Genel düzeyi yüksek olarak saptanmıştır.Büyüme stratejileri genel ve örgüt yapısı genel arasında zayıf,pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Pazarda üretim pazarlama ve yeniliğe yönelik stratejiler etkileyen boyutlardan Yöneticilerin planlama çalışması düzeyi ve Yöneticilerin karar vermede yönetici etkisi düzeyi pazarda üretim pazarlama ve yeniliğe yönelik stratejiler düzeyini arttırmaktadır. Yöneticilerin işletmelerin planlama yapmama nedenleri düzeyi pazarda üretim pazarlama ve yeniliğe yönelik stratejiler düzeyini azaltmaktadır. Yeni ve büyük pazarlara yönelik stratejileri etkileyen boyutlardan Yöneticilerin planlama çalışması düzeyi yeni ve büyük pazarlara yönelik stratejiler düzeyini Yöneticilerin karar vermede yönetici etkisi düzeyi yeni ve büyük pazarlara yönelik stratejiler düzeyini arttırmaktadır. Yöneticilerin işletmelerin planlama yapmama nedenleri düzeyi yeni ve büyük pazarlara yönelik stratejiler düzeyini azaltmaktadır.İşletmelerin örgüt yapılarının büyüme stratejileri arasında önemli bir etkisi vardır.

The rural production in Brazil has experienced a significant competitive impact with the stabilization of the economy promoted by the Real Plan in 1994. Indeed, the Brazilian agriculture has achieved efficiency gains in terms of technology, economies of scale and general modernization of the activity in the field. In this context, the professional management of rural production evolved. However, the governance process does not evolve in the same dimension, and the "governance risk" is still poorly addressed in the rural environment, which often limits the potential of operations. In this study, we sought to deepen the understanding of the factors that impact the implementation of governance practices in rural properties in Brazil. Based on a convenience and non-probability sample, this study seeks to understand the evolution of the governance process on farms and its correlation with the management practices. This study found a correlation between the existence of some formal management processes (for example, strategic planning and more robust accounting systems) and advances in the governance mechanisms and processes, such as the establishment of a board of directors, clearer rules regarding the separation between corporate and family assets and more transparency in income statements. This study also found a lack of clarity in the separation of return on capital (dividend) and compensation for work (compensation for services provided) for partners, heirs and other family members. In summary, we concluded that there is the adoption of some governance mechanisms in the rural sector, but they are still poorly developed among rural producers, hence the need to stimulate them Resumo: A produção rural no Brasil passou por um importante choque de competitividade a partir da estabilização da economia promovida pelo Plano Real em 1994. Com efeito, ganhos de eficiência foram alcançados pela agricultura brasileira, em termos de utilização de tecnologia, economias de escala e modernização geral da atividade no campo. Neste contexto, evoluiu a profissionalização da gestão da atividade. No entanto, o processo de governança não evolui na mesma dimensão com o "risco de governança" ainda pouco tratado no meio rural, o que muitas vezes limita a potencialidade das operações. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se aprofundar o entendimento acerca de quais os fatores que impactam a implementação de processos de "Governança" em propriedades rurais no Brasil. A partir de uma amostra por conveniência e não probabilística busca-se entender a evolução do processo de governança nas propriedades rurais e sua relação com práticas de gestão. Constata-se uma correlação entre a existência de alguns processos formais de gestão (por exemplo, planejamento estratégico e sistemas de contabilidade mais robustos) e avanços em mecanismos e processos de governança, tais como o estabelecimento de conselho de administração, regras claras de separação entre ativos da família e da empresa e maior transparência nas demonstrações financeiras. Nota-se, ainda, pouca clareza na separação do que vem a ser a remuneração do capital (dividendo) e do trabalho (pró labore), por parte de sócios, herdeiros e outros membros familiares. Em síntese, conclui-se que existe a adoção de alguns mecanismos de governança no meio rural, mas que esses ainda são poucos desenvolvidos entre os produtores agrícolas, sendo necessário o seu incentivo Resumen: La producción rural en Brasil ha experimentado un impacto competitivo significativo desde la estabilización de la economía impulsada por el Plan Real de 1994. Efectivamente, la agricultura brasileña ha logrado una mayor eficiencia con relación al uso de tecnología, economías de escala y modernización general de las actividades en el campo. En este contexto, se ha desarrollado la gestión profesional de la actividad. Sin embargo, el proceso de gobernanza no se ha desarrollado en consonancia con el "riesgo de gobernanza", dimensión todavía poco tratada en el medio rural, lo que a menudo limita el potencial de las operaciones. En este estudio se intenta profundizar la comprensión de los factores que influyen en la implementación de procesos de "gobernanza" en propiedades rurales en Brasil. A partir de una muestra por conveniencia y no probabilística se analiza la evolución del proceso de gobernanza en propiedades rurales y su relación con las prácticas de gestión. Se ha encontrado una correlación entre la existencia de algunos procesos formales de gestión (como, por ejemplo, la planificación estratégica y los sistemas más robustos de contabilidad) y los avances en mecanismos y procesos de gobernanza, tales como la creación de un consejo administrativo, reglas claras de separación entre los activos de la familia y los de la empresa, y una mayor transparencia en las demostraciones financieras. Se nota, además, poca precisión en la distinción de lo que constituye la remuneración del capital (dividendos) y la remuneración del trabajo, por parte de los socios, herederos y otros miembros de la familia. En resumen, se concluye que existe la adopción de algunos mecanismos de gobernanza en el medio rural, no obstante, dichos mecanismos no están suficientemente desarrollados entre los agricultores, por eso la necesidad de su incentivo Aberto

This study addresses the heterogeneity of family firms in their engagement with corporate social responsibility (CSR). We build on stewardship theory and socioemotional wealth to explore the foundations of CSR in family firms and to examine whether the extent of engagement is based on values, and how and why this happens. We use the interpretative method of grounded theory to address these questions. Based on 12 case studies of Spanish family firms, this article illustrates the patterns of influence of family involvement and values in explaining the extent and scope of CSR The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: (a) Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ECO2010- 21242-C03-02 Research Funding (Pilar Marques); (b) Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Research aid program for the Formation of University Researchers (FPU) (Alexandra Simon); (c) Autonomous Government of Catalonia 2009 SGR 577 Research Funding (Pilar Marques, Alexandra Simon)

Indexado en SciELO La investigación propone una medida de la eficacia de la sucesión en empresas familiares vinculadas a la minería peruana por medio de una evaluación del cambio de valor de mercado del grupo empresarial que representan. Se revisaron 12 casos de grupos empresariales y 85 reportes corporativos de empresas familiares peruanas vinculadas a la mediana minería formal durante el período 2000-2015 encontrándose hasta cuatro categorías marcadas en el cambio de valor que expresan distintas condiciones de contexto en el cambio de enfoque y dirección de la empresa ante la sucesión en el mando de la misma. Los resultados muestran tasas de cambio en el valor de mercado (>10%) para los casos donde el cambio se generó como consecuencia del fallecimiento inesperado del patriarca y a la vez la segunda generación estaba profesionalmente preparada para hacerse cargo de la dirección de la compañía, tasas de cambio en el rango de para los casos donde la segunda generación no había seguido un proceso de preparación profesional planificada para la sucesión y tasas de cambio inferiores al 5% para los casos donde la sucesión corresponde a la coexistencia en la gestión de las distintas actividades de la empresa entre patriarca y los sucesor(es). Research proposes an effectiveness measurement about succession towards the medium Peruvian mining companies through an evaluation of the market value change of the company group represented. Twelve company groups cases were reviewed and 85 Peruvian familycorporate companies related to the medium formal mining industry during the 2000-2015 period, in which up to four categories were found as part of the value change that presents different context conditions about focus change and company direction as a result of the succession in charge. The results show exchange rates in the market value of (>10%) as consequence of succession process for the family companies’ cases where the change was professionally prepared to take over the leadership of the company; exchange rates in the range of 5% to 10% for cases where the second generation had not followed a process of professionally planned preparation of succession; and lower change rates of 5% for cases where the succession corresponds to the coexistence in the management of the various activities of the company between patriarch and successor(s). Revisión por pares

Stewardship is considered a distinctive feature of family firms, and it is associated with a set of values, including altruism, collectivism, trust, identification, loyalty and commitment. However, the extent to which these values actually prevail in different types of family firms has not often been explored, especially in relation to the types of complexity found in family firms. In this study, we address this gap in the literature and explore the existence of potential differences among family firms. Additionally, we investigate the possible reasons for these differences with regard to the levels of management complexity in the family firms and the processes related to such complexity, such as succession, pruning and complexity management options. We use a multiple case-study methodology involving 22 long-established family firms in northeast Spain. Based on the empirical results from our dynamic and multidimensional approach, this article primarily contributes to the existing literature by providing a conceptual model of the influence complexity has on values in family firms The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ECO2010-21242-C03-02 and as a part of the aid program for the Formation of University Researchers (FPU), and from the Autonomous Government of Catalonia 2009 SGR 577. Previous versions of this paper were presented at the 6th Workshop on Family Firms Management Research held in Barcelona (Spain) and the 10th Annual World Family Business Research Conference in Lancaster (UK)

We look at the corporate performance of family firms listed on the Frenchstock exchange between 1994 and 2000. On the French stock market, approximatelyone third of the firms are widely held, another third are founder controlledand the remaining third are heir controlled family firms. We find that family firmslargely outperform widely held corporations. This result holds for founder controlledfirms, but more surprisingly also for heir managed firms. To explain this,we provide evidence consistent with the fact that, because of their different timehorizons, heir managed corporations have a comparative advantage at enforcingimplicit insurance contracts with their labor force. More specifically, we find that:(1) employment in heir managed firms is less sensitive to industry shocks and (2)heirs pay lower wages. Finally, we discuss issues related to the endogeneity of performance/family regressions looking both at delisting and transitions from familyto non-family status. We conclude that these issues may lead us to overestimatethe performance of heirs compared to professionally managed firms, but to underestimatethe performance of heirs when compared to widely held firms.

This investigation Project was made in order to improve the commercial process of the company ABC S.A.C., with the objective that the proposed solutions help the Company to improve its profitability. El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de mejorar el proceso comercial de la empresa ABC S.A.C., con el fin de que las soluciones propuestas ayuden a la empresa a mejorar su rentabilidad.

Projectes Finals dels màsters i postgraus, Institut de Formació Continuada (IL3), Universitat de Barcelona, any: 2015, Tutor: Meritxell Obiols Soler

This research study applied discourse analysis in order to examine the perceptions of family business leaders in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) towards executive coaching and, in particular, how these perceptions contributed to their personal, family and business lives in the cultural context of the PRC. Particular attention was paid to the potential contribution of these attitudes towards addressing specific needs of family businesses in the areas of leadership development, professional management and the balance between family and business. Twenty-two participants were selected using criterion and convenient sampling. In-depth interviews were then conducted, either face-to-face or by telephone. Thesis (DBA)--University of South Australia, 2015. Includes bibliographical references (pages 177-197)

Objecte: En aquest estudi es porta a terme un anàlisi comparatiu sobre l’evolució de l’estructura econòmica i financera que presenten les empreses familiars i no familiars de Catalunya en un context d’intensa crisi econòmica. La seva finalitat és poder donar resposta a dos qüestions principals: identificar les característiques diferencials de l’EF respecte a l’EnF i comprovar si aquestes característiques diferencials han permès a les EF aguantar millor la crisi econòmica. Disseny/metodologia: S’ha analitzat una mostra de 750 grans i mitjanes empreses de Catalunya (550 familiars i 200 no familiars) durant el període 2008-2012. Les dades s’han obtingut a través de la base de dades SABI, i per a la classificació de les empreses en familiars i no familiars s’ha dut a terme una comprovació individual de cadascuna d’elles per evitar habituals errors de classificació. Posteriorment les empreses s’han classificat en funció de la seva dimensió per dotar d’una major robustesa els resultats. També s’ha procurat que la distribució d’empreses per sectors fos similar en les diferents categories per evitar que un efecte sectorial pogués tergiversar els resultats de l’estudi. Aportacions i resultats: L’estudi ha permès constatar les hipòtesis establertes sobre el finançament de les empreses familiars i concloure que aquestes presenten una estructura financera diferent a les Empreses no familiars. Les empreses familiars als seus balanços, presenten un major nivell d’autofinançament gràcies a la seva menor distribució de dividends. A més a més, les EF presenten millors resultats en quant a nivells de cobertura i liquiditat, ja que es troben més capitalitzades i presenten uns nivells d’endeutament inferior que les Empreses no familiars. Aquestes característiques patrimonials i financeres han contribuït a que les empreses familiars aguantin millor els anys de crisi, produint-se durant aquests anys, una menor proporció d’empreses familiars que han presentat pèrdues. Limitacions: En aquest estudi s’han classificat com empreses familiars aquelles on a més a més de la propietat, algun membre de la familiar també participava de la gestió de la mateixa. No obstant, estudis previs defensen que no totes les empreses familiars comparteixen les mateixes característiques, i que per tant, altres factors s’haurien de tenir en compte. Per això, en futurs desenvolupaments del treball es podrien considerer altres característiques per subclassificar la mostra, com per exemple, la participació d’un membre de la família com a CEO o l’edat de l’empresa. Per altra banda, en aquest estudi únicament s’han analitzat grans i mitjanes empreses, serà interessant veure si existeix una coincidència de resultats en les petites empreses. Valor afegit: Diversos treballs han analitzat les característiques diferencials de les empreses familiars, mentre que altres treballs han analitzat els efectes de la crisi en el teixit empresarial. No obstant, aquest treball conjuga els dos enfocaments, i analitza si aquests trets característics de l’empresa familiar han permès que estiguessin millor preparades que les empreses no familiars a l’hora d’afrontar l’actual crisi econòmica, un aspecte poc abordat fins ara en la literatura recent. Purpose: In this study we have analyzed the evolution of the economic and financial structure of family and non-family Catalan firms in a context of a deep economic crisis. The aim of this study is to answer two main questions: identify which characteristics differentiate family firms from non-family firms, and test if these characteristics have allowed them to better weather the economics crisis. Design/methodology: We have analyzed 750 large and medium-sized enterprises from Catalonia (550 family firms and 200 non-family firms) during the period 2008-2012. The data have been taken from the SABI dataset. A one-to-one checking has been taken to classify the firms as family or non-family firms to avoid common classification mistakes. Subsequently, we have classified the firms according to the dimension to provide more robust results. To avoid a sectorial effect on the results, all categories considered are homogeneous in terms of sector. Findings: The results have supported our hypothesis about the family firm’s financing and lead us to conclude that family firms have a different financial structure from non family firms. Specifically, family firms have a higher level of self-financing due to their reduced distribution of dividends. Moreover, family firms show better levels of coverage and liquidity because of its higher capitalization and lower debt in comparison to family firms. These economic and financial characteristics have helped family firms to better weather the crisis, with a lower proportion of loss-making enterprises. Research limitations/implications: In this study we have considered as a family firms those enterprises in which at least one member of the owner family participates in the management. However, some studies affirm that not all the family firms have the same characteristics and suggest that other factors have to be considered in the classification. For this reason, other characteristics should be considered in future developments of this study, for example, the presence or absence of a family member as a CEO, or the age of the company. Furthermore, in this study we have only included large and medium-sized enterprises, so would be interesting analyze whether the results are consistent for a small-firms sample. Originality/value: Some studies have analyzed which characteristics differentiate family firms from non family firms, while other studies have analyzed the effects of the economic crisis on businesses. However, this study combines both approaches and analyzes if these characteristic features have allowed family firms to be better prepared to overcome the economic crisis, a so far understudied issue in the literature

Purpose: Identify similarities and/or differences in the distribution of Value Added characterizing family businesses as opposed to non-family held firms, and analyse productivity by linking the distribution of the wealth generated by the company to a variety of related agents or stakeholders(employees, providers of loan capital, and shareholders). Design/methodology: A data series consisting of VA distribution in a sample of 8,609 Spanish companies, of which 5,109 are family firms and another 3,500 companies which are not, for the period comprising 2008 to 2013 was employed for this study. The data from the financial statements pertaining to these companies was taken from the SABI system (a privatelyfunded database analysing the financials of Spanish and Portuguese firms, operated by INFORMA, SA), selecting only those companies that employ standardized financial reporting practices. Findings: The work shows the existence of significant differences between family and nonfamily businesses in the distribution of value added among the different stakeholders. Given that, although both types of company spend most of the value added to remunerate staff, the family company spends a higher proportion thereof on self-financing as compared to nonfamily businesses, which spend a higher percentage on the remuneration of firm ownership. On the other hand, the lower labour productivity of family businesses is apparent, a result that can be explained both by the lower staff monetary remuneration, as well as the use of production technologies that are also less capital-intensive. Research limitations/implications: The study included only medium and large companies. These are companies that report financial statements offering more disaggregated data (through use of the standard forms).This owes to the legal requirement of these companies to file a cash flow statement, a necessary source for deriving information on dividends paid by the company. Originality/value: This is the first study in which the workings of added value are used to analyse the presence of measurable management differences in a large sample of companies using family ownership as the main criteria for differentiation.

Indexado en Scopus Las empresas familiares son un fenómeno mundial de gran trascendencia por el elevado número de ellas, no obstante se ven agobiadas por el problema de la transición generacional que, en muchas ocasiones, marca el inicio del fin de la empresa familiar. El derecho peruano ha desatendido hasta ahora el presente tema; sin embargo, en otros países se aprecia la atención que se le ofrece desde la perspectiva jurídica, por ejemplo a través del protocolo familiar, un instrumento contractual que favorece a la gestión de las empresas familiares. The family enterprises are a world phenomenon of great transcendency for the high number of them, nevertheless they meet overwhelmed by the problem of the generational transition that, in many occasions, it marks the beginning of the end of the family enterprise. Revisión por pares

This article presents empirical evidence about the contribution of family-controlled business groups as highly efficient alternatives to the large vertically integrated and professionally managed corporation in specific institutional and market environments. This hypothesis is tested with a single case study, SEUR, in the Spanish transport services sector. SEUR is one of the most prominent Spanish courier companies. It was founded during Franco's dictatorshi p, expanded in democratic times, and imaginatively adapted to the financial challenges of the late globalisation at the end of the twentieth century, while maintaining the traditional values based on personal trust and family ties.

Las participaciones en el capital de una empresa son, sin duda alguna, una de las tipologías de lo que conocemos, en general, como instrumentos financieros. Y ello tanto si se trata de las correspondientes a una sociedad familiar, objeto del presente artículo, como si son acciones de una empresa multinacional. Así, el concepto de instrumentos financieros es utilizado con carácter general por la terminología financiera pero también, como no podía ser de otro modo, por la normativa específicamente contable que dispone que un instrumento financiero es un contrato que da lugar a un activo financiero en una empresa y, simultáneamente, a un pasivo financiero o a un instrumento de patrimonio en otra empresa.