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The switch/sucrose-non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that plays important roles in DNA repair, transcription and cell differentiation. This complex consists of multiple subunits and is of particular interest in thoracic malignancies due to frequent subunit alteration of SMARCA4 (BRG1). Much less is known about SMARCB1 (INI1) deficient intrathoracic neoplasms, which are rare, often misclassified and understudied. In a retrospective analysis of 1479 intrathoracic malignant neoplasms using immunohistochemistry for INI1 (SMARCB1) on tissue micro arrays (TMA) and a search through our hospital sarcoma database, we identified in total nine intrathoracic, INI1 deficient cases (n = 9). We characterized these cases further by additional immunohistochemistry, broad targeted genomic analysis, methylation profiling and correlated them with clinical and radiological data. This showed that genomic SMARCB1 together with tumor suppressor alterations drive tumorigenesis in some of these cases, rather than epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation. A proper diagnostic classification, however, remains challenging. Intrathoracic tumors with loss or alteration of SMARCB1 (INI1) are highly aggressive and remain often underdiagnosed due to their rarity, which leads to false diagnostic interpretations. A better understanding of these tumors and proper diagnosis is important for better patient care as clinical trials and more targeted therapeutic options are emerging.

Animal collective motion is a natural phenomenon readily observable in various taxa. Although theoretical models can predict the macroscopic pattern of group movements based on the relative spatial position of group members, it is poorly understood how group members exchange directional information, which enables the spatial coordination between individuals during collective motion. To test if vocalizations emitted during flocking flight are used by birds to transmit directional information between group members, we recorded vocal behaviour, head orientation and spatial position of each individual in a small flock of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) flying in a wind tunnel. We found that the finches can use both visual and acoustic cues for three-dimensional flock coordination. When visual information is insufficient, birds can increasingly exploit active vocal communication to avoid collisions with flock mates. Our study furthers the mechanistic understanding of collective motion in birds and highlights the impact interindividual vocal interactions can have on group performances in these animals.

c-Ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) genomic rearrangements have been reported previously in rare cases of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet little is known about the frequency, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic vulnerabilities of ROS1-driven CRC. We analyzed a clinical dataset of 40 589 patients with CRC for ROS1 genomic rearrangements and their associated genomic characteristics (Foundation Medicine, Inc [FMI]). We moreover report the disease course and treatment response of an index patient with ROS1-rearranged metastatic CRC. ROS1 genomic rearrangements were identified in 34 (0.08%) CRC samples. GOPC-ROS1 was the most common ROS1 fusion identified (11 samples), followed by TTC28-ROS1 (3 samples). Four novel 5' gene partners of ROS1 were identified (MCM9, SRPK1, EPHA6, P4HA1). Contrary to previous reports on fusion-positive CRC, ROS1-rearrangements were found exclusively in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRCs. KRAS mutations were significantly less abundant in ROS1-rearranged vs ROS1 wild type cases. The index patient presented with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic right-sided colon cancer harboring GOPC-ROS1. Molecularly targeted treatment with crizotinib induced a rapid and sustained partial response. After 15 months on crizotinib disseminated tumor progression occurred and KRAS Q61H emerged in tissue and liquid biopsies. ROS1 rearrangements define a small, yet therapeutically actionable molecular subgroup of MSS CRC. In summary, the high prevalence of GOPC-ROS1 and noncanonical ROS1 fusions pose diagnostic challenges. We advocate NGS-based comprehensive molecular profiling of MSS CRCs that are wild type for RAS and BRAF and patient enrollment in precision trials.

The disruptive character of digital technologies can lead to an existential threat for pre-digital firms when their managers do not assess the opportunities new digital technology can provide. Strategic actors rely on their technological frames to interpret a specific technology and whether and how they can benefit from it, which can explain why there is heterogeneity in such technology-driven Business Model Innovation (BMI). However, the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of this critical management tool because the emotional grounding of technological frames has not been examined. We conducted a qualitative case study research. Our results are based on 36 interviews. It turns out that emotions impact how people respond to digital technologies. These insights extend our understanding of technological frames as well as emotional framing and their mutual relationship and how this affects technology-driven BMI. In addition, we provide practical implications.

Funding: RBJ acknowledges the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for partial funding for this activity (EP/H020055/1) as well as The EC's Horizon 2020 Programme for support from the “GREENDIAMOND” project (ID: 640947). This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, Project No. 262633, “QuSpin”, and through the Fripro program, Project No. 250985 “FunTopoMat” and 262339 “NEAT”. This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences under the Sapere Aude program (Grants No. DFF-4002-00029 and DFF-6108-00409) and by VILLUM FONDEN via the Centre of Excellence for Dirac Materials (Grant No. 11744) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we compare the electronic band structure of an ultrathin (1.8 nm) δ-layer of boron-doped diamond with a bulk-like boron doped diamond film (3 μm). Surprisingly, the measurements indicate that except for a small change in the effective mass, there is no significant difference between the electronic structure of these samples, irrespective of their physical dimensionality, except for a small modification of the effective mass. While this suggests that, at the current time, it is not possible to fabricate boron-doped diamond structures with quantum properties, it also means that nanoscale boron doped diamond structures can be fabricated which retain the classical electronic properties of bulk-doped diamond, without a need to consider the influence of quantum confinement. Publisher PDF

Additive manufacturing has a variety of benefits that make it an exciting alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. For example, it is possible to manufacture customized, small volume parts with complex geometry in a short time to market. This ensures a steadily growing spread of additive manufacturing beyond its use in prototyping. However, it is difficult for additive manufacturing to compete with conventional manufacturing processes in terms of cost with growing batch sizes.The additive manufacturing process has to be optimized to improve economic efficiency while maintaining or increasing part quality. One approach is focusing on the pre-process. The AM pre-process comprises the determination of part orientation, the setting of manufacturing parameters, and the toolpath generation. Since all decisions made during this process step affect the subsequent manufacturing process, there is a lot of optimization potential.This paper develops an information model of the AM pre-process to map all information and its complex interdependencies. Therefore, a process model is developed and used to determine all input and output information describing the process steps and their relation to other process steps. It is tested for validation by performing the AM pre-process steps with a demonstrator part, ensuring all relevant information can be represented in the information model.

We report on temperature-dependent soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements utilizing linearly polarized synchrotron radiation to probe magnetic phase transitions in iron-rich Fe1+yTe. X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) signals, which sense magnetic ordering processes at surfaces, start to increase monotonically below the N\'eel temperature TN = 57 K. This increase is due to a progressive bicollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) alignment of Fe spins of the monoclinic Fe1+yTe parent phase. This AFM alignment was achieved by a [100]-oriented biasing field favoring a single-domain state during cooling across TN. Our specific heat and magnetization measurements confirm the bulk character of this AFM phase transition. On longer time scales, however, we observe that the field-biased AFM state is highly unstable even at the lowest temperature of T = 3 K. After switching off the biasing field, the XMLD signal decays exponentially with a time constant {\tau} = 1506 s. The initial XMLD signal is restored only upon repeating a cycle consisting of heating and field-cooling through TN. We explain the time effect by a gradual formation of a multi-domain state with 90 deg rotated AFM domains, promoted by structural disorder, facilitating the motion of twin-domains. Significant disorder in our Fe1+yTe sample is evident from our X-ray diffraction and specific heat data. The stability of magnetic phases in Fe-chalcogenides is an important material property, since the Fe(Te1-xSex) phase diagram shows magnetism intimately connected with superconductivity., Comment: Conference proceeding for JEMS 2020

There is immense interest in how the local environment influences the electronic structure of materials at the single-layer limit. We characterize moir\'e induced spatial variations in the electronic structure of in situ grown monolayer ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ on Au(111) by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We observe a long-range modulation of the integrated local density of states (LDOS), and quantify this modulation with respect to the moir\'e superstructure for multiple orientations of the monolayer with respect to the substrate. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a prominent peak in the LDOS, which is shifted in energy at different points of the moir\'e superstructure. Comparing ab initio calculations with angle-resolved photoemission, we are able to attribute this peak to bands that exhibit a large out of plane $d$-orbital character. This suggests that the moir\'e driven variations in the measured density of states are driven by a periodic modulation of the monolayer-substrate hybridization.

Germany strives to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. In the underlying roadmap (Climate Action Plan 2050), natural gas is declared to be a bridge energy carrier into a carbon neutral era. But, since the roadmap only describes guiding principles and abstract transition paths, the concrete role of natural gas remains unclear. By analyzing 36 scenarios of eleven recent studies with respect to their GHG emissions, natural gas consumption, as well as their transition paths, we aim at understanding how decarbonization intensity and decarbonization strategies influence German future natural gas consumption. We find that as long as GHG reductions are less than 70% in comparison to 1990 levels natural gas consumption remains almost constant on average. However, German natural gas consumption in the scenarios varies by up to 500 TWh/a for identical GHG emission reductions. This divergence is driven by the decarbonization strategies applied. While some scenarios focus on switches from oil and coal to natural gas to mitigate GHG emissions, others favor a combination of energy efficiency and electrification of appliances currently running with natural gas. When GHG emission reductions are intensified, natural gas consumption declines considerably in almost all considered scenarios and the variances of projected natural gas consumptions narrow. In order to achieve those GHG emission levels, switches to natural gas are no longer sufficient. Hence, natural gas needs to be replaced. This is especially true when GHG emissions should be reduced by more than 80% compared to 1990 levels. Applied decarbonization strategies vary from extensive electrification of the end-use sectors, to a production of huge amounts of renewables (fuels and electricity), to an extensive utilization of synthetic fuels. All of these decarbonization methods reduce natural gas consumption. Only the scenario allowing for carbon capture and storage or usage in a large scale paves the way for constant natural gas consumption levels while still achieving high GHG abatement goals.

This article reviews recent thermoelectric experiments on quantum dot (QD) systems. The experiments focus on two types of inter-dot coupling: tunnel coupling and Coulomb coupling. Tunnel-coupled QDs allow particles to be exchanged between the attached reservoirs via the QD system. Hence, an applied temperature bias results in a thermovoltage. When being investigated as a function of QD energies, this leads to the thermopower stability diagram. Here, largest thermovoltage is observed in the regions of the triple points. In a QD system which exhibits only capacitive inter-dot coupling, electron transfer is suppressed. Such a device is studied in a three-terminal geometry: while one QD connects to the heat reservoir, the other one can exchange electrons with two reservoirs at a lower temperature. When the symmetry of the tunneling coefficients in the cold system is broken, the device becomes an energy harvester: thermal energy is extracted from the heat reservoir and is converted into a directed charge current between the two cold reservoirs. This review illustrates the large potential of multi-QD devices for thermoelectrics and thermal management at the nanometer-scale.

The electronic structure of thin films of FeTe grown on Bi

Esta investigación propone la reducción del tiempo de convergencia del método de predicción de velocidad basado en una convolutional neural network (CNN) para toda una red de tráfico, manteniendo el performance de todas las tareas de predicciones del método CNN. El método propuesto llamado CNNSEP incluye una capa de separable convolution en su configuración, que permite reducir el tiempo de convergencia del método de predicción basado en CNN, manteniendo el performance de todas las tareas de predicciones de velocidad para toda una red de tráfico. Además se realiza otra configuración llamado CNNSEP2 que permite reducir el error de las predicciones del método CNN, pero no reduce el tiempo de convergencia del método CNN. Para esta investigación, se utilizan datos reales del sistema web de California llamado Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS). Finalmente los resultados demuestran que el método propuesto CNNSEP, reduce el tiempo de convergencia en todas las tareas de predición, manteniendo un performance similar en sus predicciones como el método basado en CNN. Tesis

The electronic structure of thin films of FeTe grown on Bi$_2$Te$_3$ is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and first principles calculations. As a comparison, data from cleaved bulk \FeTe taken under the same experimental conditions is also presented. Due to the substrate and thin film symmetry, FeTe thin films grow on Bi$_2$Te$_3$ in three domains, rotated by 0$^{\circ}$, 120$^{\circ}$, and 240$^{\circ}$. This results in a superposition of photoemission intensity from the domains, complicating the analysis. However, by combining bulk and thin film data, it is possible to partly disentangle the contributions from three domains. We find a close similarity between thin film and bulk electronic structure and an overall good agreement with first principles calculations, assuming a p-doping shift of 65~meV for the bulk and a renormalization factor of around 2. By tracking the change of substrate electronic structure upon film growth, we find indications of an electron transfer from the FeTe film to the substrate. No significant change of the film's electronic structure or doping is observed when alkali atoms are dosed onto the surface. This is ascribed to the film's high density of states at the Fermi energy. This behavior is also supported by the ab-initio calculations.

Rectification of thermal fluctuations in mesoscopic conductors is the key idea behind recent attempts to build nanoscale thermoelectric energy harvesters to convert heat into useful electric power. So far, most concepts have made use of the Seebeck effect in a two-terminal geometry, where heat and charge are both carried by the same particles. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the working principle of a new kind of energy harvester, proposed recently, using two capacitively coupled quantum dots. We show that, due to the novel three-terminal design of our device, which spatially separates the heat reservoir from the conductor circuit, the directions of charge and heat flow become decoupled. This enables us to manipulate the direction of the generated charge current by means of external gate voltages while leaving the direction of heat flow unaffected. Our results pave the way for a new generation of multi-terminal nanoscale heat engines., This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via SPP1386, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Spanish MICINN Juan de la Cierva programme and MAT2014-58241-P, COST Action MP1209.

We have observed thermal gating, i.e. electrostatic gating induced by hot electrons. The effect occurs in a device consisting of two capacitively coupled quantum dots. The double dot system is coupled to a hot electron reservoir on one side (QD1), whilst the conductance of the second dot (QD2) is monitored. When a bias across QD2 is applied we observe a current which is strongly dependent on the temperature of the heat reservoir. This current can be either enhanced or suppressed, depending on the relative energetic alignment of the QD levels. Thus, the system can be used to control a charge current by hot electrons., 12 pages, 4 figures