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In this work, surface-supportive MIL-88B(Fe) was explored as a pH-stimuli thin film to release ibuprofen as a model drug. We used surface plasmon resonance microscopy to study the pH-responsive behaviors of MIL-88B(Fe) film in real time. A dissociation constant of (6.10 ± 0.86) × 10

At present, the frequent occurrence of coal mine accidents in China is a key concern in the field of safety. Although the coal mine accident rate is decreasing due to the progress of technology and the improvement of management, there is still a lack of comprehensive evaluation of the role of various factors in the coal mine. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a game theory combination weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model based on the analysis of various factors affecting coal mine safety. The model combines the weights obtained from fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), entropy weight method (EWM), and back propagation neural network (BP-NN) by using the combination method of game theory and then combines with the TOPSIS method to evaluate 20 indicators in four aspects of a coal mine: personnel, equipment, environment, and management. Taking five mines under Zheng Coal Group as an example, the evaluation results of the game theory combination weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model are compared with those of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the improved composite weight-TOPSIS method. The results show that the safety grade of the five mine samples under Zhengmei Group is ranked as follows: mine 4 > grade II (relatively safe) > mine 2 > mine 5 > grade III (moderately safe) > mine 3 > mine 1 > grade IV (generally safe). The evaluation result of the game theory combination weight-TOPSIS method is basically consistent with the actual safety situation of the coal mine, which reflects the superiority and practicality of the evaluation model. The model has greater differentiation in the process of determining the coal mine safety grade, and the evaluation results are more intuitive and reasonable, which can provide a more effective evaluation tool for the comprehensive evaluation of coal mine safety. Finally, based on the evaluation results, corresponding policy recommendations to improve the status quo of coal mine safety are proposed, aiming to provide decision-making reference for coal mine safety management personnel.

To systematically review and synthesize the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in children and adolescents. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov website were searched to collect accessible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the safety and efficacy of human COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents until May 1, 2022. Three steps, including duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text review, were used to screen the studies. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess the bias risk of the included studies. Microsoft Excel 16.57 (2021) software was used for data extraction and analysis. (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42021295422). COVID-19 vaccines were evaluated in a total of 10 950 children and adolescents in seven published studies and over 49 530 participants in 26 ongoing randomized controlled trials. Descriptive findings of the included published studies were reported stratified by vaccine type. The overall, local, and systemic adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported in most trials were similar between the vaccine and placebo groups. Most of the reactions reported were mild to moderate, whereas a few were severe. The common adverse events were injection-site pain, fever, headache, cough, fatigue, and muscle pain. Few clinical trials reported serious adverse events, but most of them were unrelated to vaccination. In terms of efficacy, the investigated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine was found to be 90.7%-100% efficacious in preventing COVID-19 among children and adolescents, revealing good efficacy profiles in this age group. Among children and adolescents, the safety of current COVID-19 vaccines is acceptable, and studies have suggested that mRNA vaccines can provide high protection against COVID-19 infection in pediatric age groups.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor. The approved systemic treatment of MPM is limited to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic efficacy of an NIV plus IPI regimen for the treatment of MPM in China. Methods: The data estimated were from a multicenter randomized phase III trial that showed an improved survival benefit in patients with MPM treated with a NIV+IPI combination regimen. A partitioned survival model was constructed to estimate the incremental cost–benefit ratio (ICER) from the perspective of Chinese society. The uncertainty in the model is solved by one-way certainty and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: Our base case analysis showed that the total costs of treatment increased from $28,833.84 to $236,590.48 with the NIV+IPI combination regimen versus platinum plus pemetrexed chemotherapy. Treatment with NIV+IPI combination therapy was associated with an increase in effectiveness of 0.08 QALYs from 1.08 QALYs to 1.16 QALYs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $2,596,958.00/QALY, with a 0% probability of being cost-effective at a WTP threshold of $36,203.87/QALY. Cost changes associated with grade 3-4 AE management, tests used, or hospitalization costs had little effect on the ICER values predicted by sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the combination of NIV plus IPI is not a cost-effective option from the perspective of Chinese payers as a first-line treatment option for MPM patients in China. Appropriate drug donation programs and social assistance are necessary.

Objectives Due to multiple comorbidillnesses, polypharmacy, and age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in older adults, the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is high, which affects the quality of life of older adults. Building an effective warning model is necessary for the early identification of PIMs to prevent harm caused by medication in geriatric patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning-based model for the warning of PIMs in older Chinese outpatients. Method This retrospective study was conducted among geriatric outpatients in nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu from January 2018 to December 2018. The Beers criteria 2019 were used to assess PIMs in geriatric outpatients. Three problem transformation methods were used to tackle the multi-labelclassification problem. After the division of patients into the training and test sets (8:2), we adopted sixwidely used classification algorithms to conduct the classification task and assessed the discriminative performance by the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 scores, subset accuracy (ss Acc) and Hamming loss (hm) of each model. Results Among 11741 older patient prescriptions, 5816 PIMs were identified in 4038(34.39%) patient prescriptions. A total of 41 types of PIMs were identified in these prescriptions. The three problem transformation methods included Label Power Set (LP), Classifier Chains (CC), and Binary Relevance (BR). Six classification algorithms were used to establish thewarning models, including Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CatBoost, Deep Forest (DF), and TabNet. The CC+CatBoost model had the highest accuracy value (97.83%), recall value (89.34%), F1 value (90.69%), and ss Acc value (97.79%) with good precision value (92.18%) and had the lowest hm value (0.0006). Therefore, the CC+CatBoost model was selected to predict the occurrence of PIM in geriatric Chinese patients. Conclusion This study novelty establishes a warning model for PIMs in geriatricpatients by using machine learning. With the popularity of electronic patient record systems, sophisticated computer algorithmscan be implemented at the bedside to improve medication use safety in geriatric patients in the future.

Objectives: In older lung cancer patients, polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are commonly reported, but no systematic review or meta-analysis has been carried out to ascertain the prevalence and risk variables in this group. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy, PIMs and associated risk variables in older lung cancer patients.Methods: We searched for articles from the beginning to February 2022 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science that related the use of PIMs and polypharmacy by older lung cancer patients (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42022311603). Meta-analysis was performed on observational studies describing the prevalence and correlation of polypharmacy or PIMs in older patients with lung cancer.Results: Of the 387 citations, 6 articles involving 16,890 patients were included in the final sample. In older lung cancer patients pooled by meta-analysis, 38% and 35% of PIMs and polypharmacy, respectively. The prevalence of PIMs was 43%, 49%, and 28%, respectively, according to the 2019 AGS Beers criteria, 2014 screening tool for older people’s prescriptions/screening tool for alerting to the proper therapy (STOPP/START criteria) criteria, and other criteria.Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs among older lung cancer patients. Therefore, it is essential to take rational interventions for older lung cancer patients to receive reasonable pharmacotherapy.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42022311603].

Cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are common causes of decreased vision and blindness in individuals over age 50. Although surgery is the most effective treatment for cataracts, it may accelerate the progression of AMD, so this study further evaluated the influence of cataract surgery for AMD through a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Cochrane Systematic Evaluation method was adopted, and computer searches were conducted for the China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, Vipul, SinoMed, PubMed, SpringerLink, Clinicalkey, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID, and Embase databases of cohort studies on the impact of cataract surgery on AMD, with search timeframes up to May 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata/12.0.A total of 8 cohort studies were included in the study. The results showed that the relative risk (RR) of AMD progression after cataract surgery was not significantly different, RR 1.194 [95% credibility interval (CI) 0.897-1.591]; the risk remained increased more than 5 years after surgery, RR 1.372 (95% CI 1.062-1.772).There is still a significant positive correlation between cataract surgery and increase the risk of worsening of AMD progression, and faster progression of early-to-late AMD found in cataract surgery with longer follow-up of patients.

Objective: Polypharmacy increases the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drugs potentially inappropriate medications among older persons, lowering their quality of life. PIMs use can lead to higher mortality in older patients. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of PIMs in older Chinese outpatients according to the Beers criteria and the Chinese criteria and to analyze the risk factors. Second, we describe the differences between the two criteria, focusing on the inappropriate prescription of drugs in older outpatients.Methods: In Chengdu, Southwest China, a cross-sectional study was undertaken using electronic medical data from 9 general hospitals s. Outpatients above the age of 60 who were treated in the Geriatrics Center of these medical institutions were included. The 2019 Beers criteria and the 2017 Chinese criteria were used to evaluate the PIM status of older outpatients, and binary logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for PIMs.Results: There were 44,458 prescriptions from 2016 to 2018. The prevalence of PIMs among older outpatients was 30.05% (according to the Beers criteria) and 35.38% (according to the Chinese criteria), with statistical difference. Estazolam, hydrochlorothiazide and alprazolam were the top three PIMs in the Beers criteria, while the top three PIMs in the Chinese criteria were clopidogrel, estazolam and insulin. The prevalence of PIMs was associated with age, the number of diseases and the number of drugs. PIMs were shown to be more common in patients aged 70 and above, with more than 2 kinds of diseases and more than 4 kinds of drugs.Conclusion: PIMs were shown to be common among older outpatients in China, according to this study. The detection rate of the Chinese criteria was higher than that of the Beers criteria.

Due to the large volume of monitoring data in mines, concentrating on and reviewing the data for a long period of time will easily cause fatigue. To study the influence of different visual codes of early-warning interfaces on the response of individuals who are fatigued, the changes in the subjective fatigue and corresponding frequency waves are compared before and after a fatigue-inducing task, as well as using event-related potential to study the behavioral data and EEG signals of subjects who participated in an oddball task on an early-warning interface. The results showed that all 14 subjects became fatigued after the fatigue-inducing task, and the amplitude of P200 when text is used in a fatigued state was the largest, with the longest latency. The subjects showed a slower reaction time and a reduced accuracy rate, thus indicating that in designing a warning interface, when text rather than color is used as a visual code, the operating load will be larger, mental load is increased, and attention resources are consumed. The experimental results provide the basis for the design and evaluation of early-warning interfaces of mine management systems.

Malnutrition is a state of altered body composition and body cell mass due to inadequate intake or utilization of energy or nutrients, leading to physical and mental dysfunction and impaired clinical outcomes. As one of the most common geriatric syndromes, malnutrition in the elderly is a significant risk factor for poor clinical outcomes, causing a massive burden on medical resources and society. The risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly are diverse and include demographics, chronic diseases, and psychosocial factors. Presently, recommendations for the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly are not clear or consistent in China. This consensus is based on the latest global evidence and multiregional clinical experience in China, which aims to standardize the prevention and intervention of malnutrition in the elderly in China and improve the efficacy of clinical practice and the prognosis of elderly patients.

Selective bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited great potential in biomedical applications. However, topical treatments and drug elution coatings will require uniform films as drug delivery systems. This work studies the use of surface supportive MOF thin films for drug loading and releasing. More specifically, we focus on an iron-containing MOF, MIL-88B(Fe), on a COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified Au surface for encapsulating ibuprofen as a model drug. A combined experimental and computational approach was employed to study the fabrication of MIL-88B(Fe) film on functionalized Au surfaces. We used several surface characterization techniques, including infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to confirm the chemical composition and morphological changes of the surface after each modification step. The resulting MIL-88B(Fe) thin film was found capable of loading 8.7 wt% of ibuprofen using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. Moreover, we applied cluster simulations to study the binding mechanisms of MIL-88B(Fe) and its interactions with ibuprofen based on the density functional theory (DFT). The unsaturated Fe site was confirmed kinetically more favorable to bind to the COOH-end group on the SAM. Hydrogen bonding and π-CH interactions between ibuprofen and MIL-88B(Fe) promote ibuprofen being retained inside of the cages of MIL-88B(Fe).

Objectives: Elderly lung cancer patients often have chronic diseases other than lung cancer. Therefore, this kind of population is often accompanied by polypharmacy. This situation and the resulting potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use are an increasing global concern. In this context, the Chinese Association of Geriatric Research issued an expert consensus on the safety management of polypharmacy. However, the long- and short-term effects of the expert consensus on polypharmacy and PIM use are not clear.Methods: The study was conducted in Chengdu, a city in southwestern China, consisting of prescriptions for elderly lung cancer outpatients with multimorbidity (cancer with other diseases) from January 2016 to December 2021. The 2019 Beers criteria were used to evaluate PIM use, and interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the longitudinal effectiveness of expert consensus by measuring the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use. We used R software version 4.2.0 for data analysis.Results: A total of 7,238 elderly lung cancer outpatient prescriptions were included in the study. After the publication of the expert consensus, the level (β = -10.273, P < 0.001) of the prevalence of polypharmacy decreased, but the trend (β = 0.158, p = 0.855) of polypharmacy increased. The prevalence of PIM use decreased abruptly (β = -22.828, p < 0.001) after the intervention, but the long-term trend was still upward (β = 0.907, p = 0.916).Conclusion: The long-term effects of the publication of the expert consensus on the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in hospitals in Chengdu were not optimal. Future research on interventions rationing polypharmacy and PIM use is needed.

Objectives: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use among elderly Chinese patients have not yet been investigated by systematic review and meta-analysis. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use and the risk factors associated with PIM use in elderly Chinese patients.Methods: Databases including PubMed, EMBase, and Web of Science were searched to collect studies which used Chinese criteria, Beers criteria, or STOPP criteria to evaluate the PIM status of elderly Chinese patients from inception to August 2021 (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42021262821). Observational studies reporting the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in elderly Chinese patients were meta-analyzed. The pooled prevalence and risk ratio (RR) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: A total of 8 articles involving 4,558,786 patients were included. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy (concomitant use of more than 5 medicines) and PIM use pooled by meta-analysis in Chinese older patients was 48% (95% CI: 0.17, 0.79, p = 0.003) (inpatients 73%, outpatients 23%) and 39% (95% CI: 0.25, 0.54, p < 0.001) (inpatients 50%, outpatients 29%), respectively. Polypharmacy (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.64) was significantly associated with PIM use.Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use among elderly patients in China. Affected by the quantity and quality of the included studies, the aforementioned conclusions need to be confirmed by large samples and high-quality studies.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) among older outpatients (age ≥ 65 years old) with dementia in eight cities in China using the AGS Beers criteria of 2019 and to identify the potential factor increasing the number of PIMs.Methods: A cross-sectional study about PIM in older outpatients with dementia from January 2020 to December 2020 was carried out in eight cities in China, Chengdu, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, and Hangzhou, distributing five major geographical regions in China (east, west, north, south, central). The diagnosis of dementia was based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to identify. Based on the 2019 AGS Beers criteria, the PIM prescriptions were evaluated. The identification of potential factors was completed using a binary logistic regression model.Results: Of 18,624 older outpatients with dementia, 3.52% were detected with 1 PIM, and 35.91% received at least two PIMs. The antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and olanzapine were most frequently prescribed in patients with PIM, accounting for 8.01 and 7.36%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that female patients with dementia aged >80 years who took more medications were exposed easily to PIM use.Conclusion: PIM use among older outpatients with dementia in China is highly prevalent, and the associated risk factors were increasing age, female sex, and number of medications. The most frequently prescribed drugs by clinicians were anpsychotropic drugs, which were much more frequent than other drugs.

BackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, accounting for 6 to 7 percent of all childhood CNS tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic efficacy of a bevacizumab combined with temozolomide + irinotecan regimen for the treatment of recurrent pediatric medulloblastoma in China.MethodsThe data analyzed were from a randomized phase II screening trial that showed an improved survival benefit in child patients with recurrent medulloblastoma treated with a T+I+B combination regimen. A Markov model is constructed to estimate the incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) from the perspective of Chinese society. The uncertainty in the model is solved by one-way certainty and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsOur base case analysis showed that the total costs of treatment increased from $8,786.403 to $27,603.420 with the combination bevacizumab vs. the two-agent chemotherapy regimen. Treatment with T+I+B combination therapy was associated with an increase in effectiveness of 0.280 QALYs from 0.867 to 1.147 QALYs T+I regimen. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $67,203.632/QALY, which exceeded our pre-specified willingness-to-pay threshold ($38,136.26/QALY). Cost changes associated with grade 3–4 AE management, tests used, or hospitalization costs had little effect on the ICER values predicted by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsTaken together, the results of this study suggest that the combination of bevacizumab with temozolomide and irinotecan is not a cost-effective option from the perspective of Chinese payers as a first-line treatment option for children with recurrent medulloblastoma in China.

Qianliexin capsule (QLX) is a standardized traditional Chinese herbal preparation that has long been used to treat chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis (CNP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study investigated the anti‐inflammatory activity of QLX in improving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with CNP and BPH. Rat models of CNP and BPH were induced by oestradiol or testosterone (hormonal imbalance) or chemical inflammation (carrageenan). QLX significantly relieved LUTS in CNP and BPH rat model by reducing prostate enlargement, epithelial thickness, pain response time, urine volume and bleeding time, and by improving prostatic blood flow. The expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, the pro‐inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and inflammasome components (NLRP3, caspase‐1 and ASC) in CNP and BPH tissues was reduced by QLX addition. QLX treatment was followed by reduced cellular malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity, consistent with antioxidant activity. Increases in Beclin‐1 expression and the LC3II/I ratio following QLX treatment indicated that autophagy had been induced. QLX relieved LUTS in CNP and BPH rat models by inhibiting inflammation. The underlying mechanisms included inhibition of inflammasome activation, NF‐κB activation, oxidant stress and autophagy.

According to the International Labor Organization (2017), the lack of awareness of safety management leads to 3,000 deaths every day, two every minute, and caused economic losses of 4 percent of global GDP. Also, according to the ILO, 600,000 lives would be saved every year if the available safety management system was used. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the audit of safety management and evaluate the risks in the process, which will be conducive to the design of effective safety management methods and reduce the frequency of accidents. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is a common method for audit risk assessment, but in practice, evaluation results obtained using this method are ambiguous as the method relies on individual judgment. Thus, we used the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy uncertain language to improve the classical TOPSIS. In this paper, the safety management audit risk evaluation model is structured based on the modern audit risk model from International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). The improved TOPSIS is applied to assess the safety management audit risk from a general perspective. A company is used as the research object to verify safety management audit risk and ranking results of this study. Our empirical results are expected to help companies build future safety management strategies, ensure the safety of the production process, and also realize the sustainable development.

It is hard for traditional current protection to solve problems of distribution networks with highly penetrative DGs. The fault information required by the most protection methods cannot be provided by the poor infrastructure of distribution networks. In this paper, a sufficient criterion based on the maximal current differences between adjacent transmission lines is proposed to promote selective configuration of protection scheme. The principle of the criterion and its advantages on current protection application are analyzed. The suppress influence of DG on the current of downstream transmission line current can be processed without high demand for communication in distribution network with DGs. Through the simulation in Matlab/Simulink, the effectiveness of the proposed criterion is validated.

Miners’ unsafe behavior is the main cause of accidents in coal mines, and unsafe state have an important influence on unsafe behavior among miners. To minimize accidents from the source of accident chain, we evaluated the impact of workload on miners’ unsafe state. It is important for coal enterprises to monitor miners’ unsafe state and to prevent unsafe accidents. Workload is divided into two dimensions: work time and work demand. Meanwhile, we introduced job satisfaction as a moderating variable. Through empirical research methods, first-line employees from two coal mines in China were enrolled in the questionnaire survey. Regression analysis was used to verify the impact of workload and its various dimensions, job satisfaction, and miners’ unsafe state. We found that workload, work time and work demand have significant positive effects on miners’ unsafe state. Job satisfaction plays a moderating effect in the relationship between workload and miners’ unsafe state. To some extent, a higher job satisfaction was associated with reduced workload, reduced occurrence of miners’ unsafe state and minimal incidences of unsafe accidents. On this basis, measures were proposed to improve miners’ unsafe state in terms of workload and job satisfaction. This study informs the establishment of effective intervention measures to monitor miners’ unsafe state and is also beneficial to the improvement of coal mine safety.

The residue of estrogenic-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are secreted by cows, added as drugs, and present in the feed may exist in dairy products. A gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-estrogen receptor (ER) cocktail colorimetric assay equipped with ER cocktail solid phase extraction (SPE) was established to screen EDCs. Nine EDCs with high, moderate, and low estrogenic activity were selected to be the representative targets. The recognition range of the colorimetric assay combined with the ER cocktail SPE was wider than that of a single ERα or ERβ. The lowest detection limit of the established assay was about 10−9 mg·mL−1. The detection limits of estrone, bisphenol A, and bisphenol B were about one order of magnitude lower than the method based on a single ER. The recoveries of the spiked nine EDCs were between 80.0% and 110.0%, and daidzein was identified in the dairy product. The developed method has potential application prospects in food safety and environmental monitoring.

The data analyzed were from a randomized phase II screening trial that showed an improved survival benefit in child patients with recurrentOur base case analysis showed that the total costs of treatment increased from $8,786.403 to $27,603.420 with the combination bevacizumab vs. the two-agent chemotherapy regimen. Treatment with T+I+B combination therapy was associated with an increase in effectiveness of 0.280 QALYs from 0.867 to 1.147 QALYs T+I regimen. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $67,203.632/QALY, which exceeded our pre-specified willingness-to-pay threshold ($38,136.26/QALY). Cost changes associated with grade 3-4 AE management, tests used, or hospitalization costs had little effect on the ICER values predicted by sensitivity analysis.Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the combination of bevacizumab with temozolomide and irinotecan is not a cost-effective option from the perspective of Chinese payers as a first-line treatment option for children with recurrent

AIM: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were widely used around the world. Studies suggested conflicting results between PPIs treatment and the risk of dementia. This study examined the association between PPIs and dementia risk by mining the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. METHODS: We identified six PPI agents and adverse reports of dementia based on FAERS database from 2004 to 2019. We employed reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) to detect the signals of dementia relevant to PPIs. We also analyzed characteristics of PPI reports, compared dementia events between short- and long- duration PPIs treatment. RESULTS: We identified 2104 dementia cases with PPIs treatment. We did not detect significant signals between PPIs and dementia, ROR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.94 - 1.03, PRR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.95 - 1.03, even in gastroesophageal reflux disease cases ROR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.58 - 0.73, PRR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.60 - 0.74. No significant differences of dementia events were detected between short- and long- duration groups, the OR (95%CI) of the 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years comparison were 0.85 (0.68 - 1.06), 0.92 (0.71 - 1.18), 0.81 (0.57 - 1.15) and 0.79 (0.52 - 1.22), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current FAERS data mining, we discovered no association between PPIs use and the risk of dementia.

Background: The animal experiment plays an essential role in advances on research and treatment of burn. Currently, researchers often rely on personal experience or the literatures to complete the construction of animal disease models, which may lead to the lack of scientific rigor and wide range of animal disease models the reference value. The purposes of this study were aimed to establish a third-degree burn model of rat using a Delphi method in China to provide a reference.Methods: Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation survey was conducted on experts (n=15) in this study, and then used the boundary value method to screen, modify and supplement the indicators. Next, determined the index weight by analytic hierarchy process, and finally the index system of the rat model of third-degree burn was established.Results: Statistical analysis results show that the positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation are 83.33% and 88.67% respectively. The expert authority coefficient values were 0.73 and 0.67 respectively, and the expert coordination coefficient test was PConclusions: According to the characteristics and quality requirements of my country's animal models, this study constructs a rat model of third degree burns, which is expected to expressively improve the overall proficiency of burn research quality.

Nucleation and crystallization have been proven to be the key steps for early stage formation of metal–organic framework nanoparticles. However, the growth mechanisms attributed to size and topolog...

Objectives: Age-related multimorbidity is a general problem in older patients, which increases the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of PIM use in older Chinese cancer outpatients with multimorbidity based on the 2017 Chinese criteria, 2019 AGS/Beers criteria, and 2014 STOPP criteria.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic medical data from nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu from January 2018 to December 2018. The 2017 Chinese criteria, 2019 AGS/Beers criteria, and 2014 STOPP criteria were used to evaluate the PIM status of older cancer outpatients (age ≥65 years), the concordance among the three PIM criteria was calculated using kappa tests, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with PIM use.Results: A total of 6,160 cancer outpatient prescriptions were included in the study. The prevalence of PIM use was 34.37, 32.65, and 15.96%, according to the 2017 Chinese criteria, 2019 AGS/Beers criteria, and 2014 STOPP criteria, respectively. Furthermore, 62.43% of PIMs met table 2, 0.27% of PIMs met table 3, 34.68% of PIMs met table 4, 2.62% of PIMs met table 5 of 2019 AGS/Beers criteria, respectively. According to the three criteria, 84.93%, 82.25%, and 94.61% of older cancer outpatients had one PIM. The most frequently used PIM in cancer outpatients was estazolam. The Chinese criteria and the STOPP criteria indicated poor concordance, whereas the 2019 AGS/Beers criteria showed moderate concordance with the other two criteria. Logistic regression demonstrated that age ≥ 80, more diseases, polypharmacy, irrational use of drugs, and lung cancer were positively associated with PIM use in older cancer outpatients.Conclusion: The prevalence of PIM use in Chinese older cancer outpatients with multimorbidity is high in China, and poor-to-moderate concordance among the three criteria was observed. Research on building PIM criteria for the older cancer population is necessary in the future.

(1) Background: As a world-recognized high-risk occupation, coal mine workers need various cognitive functions to process the surrounding information to cope with a large number of perceived hazards or risks. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the connection between coal mine workers’ neural activity and unsafe behavior from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. This study explored the functional brain connectivity of coal mine workers who have engaged in unsafe behaviors (EUB) and those who have not (NUB). (2) Methods: Based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a total of 106 workers from the Hongliulin coal mine of Shaanxi North Mining Group, one of the largest modern coal mines in China, completed the test. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (COR) analysis, brain network analysis, and two-sample t-test were used to investigate the difference in brain functional connectivity between the two groups. (3) Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in functional brain connectivity between EUB and NUB among the frontopolar area (p = 0.002325), orbitofrontal area (p = 0.02102), and pars triangularis Broca’s area (p = 0.02888). Small-world properties existed in the brain networks of both groups, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex had significant differences in clustering coefficient (p = 0.0004), nodal efficiency (p = 0.0384), and nodal local efficiency (p = 0.0004). (4) Conclusions: This study is the first application of fNIRS to the field of coal mine safety. The fNIRS brain functional connectivity analysis is a feasible method to investigate the neuropsychological mechanism of unsafe behavior in coal mine workers in the view of brain science.

Multimorbidity and polypharmacy is a general problem in older patients; they increase the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. But PIM use in patients with cancer is less clear. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the predictors of PIM use in Chinese older outpatients with cancer with multimorbidity in Chengdu based on the 2019 Beers Criteria.A cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic medical data from nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu from January 2018 to December 2018. The 2019 AGS Beers Criteria were used to evaluate the PIM status of older outpatients with cancer (age ≥ 65 years), and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with PIM use.A total of 6160 cancer outpatient prescriptions were included in the study. The prevalence of PIM use based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria was 32.65%. The most frequently used PIMs in outpatients with cancer were benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics, diuretics, tramadol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and glimepiride. Logistic regression demonstrated that age ≥ 80 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.238, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.071, 1.431, P = 0.004), more diseases (OR: 1.193, 95% CI: 1.017, 1.399, P = 0.03), polypharmacy (OR: 2.520, 95% CI: 2.169, 2.927, P0.001), and irrational use of drugs (OR: 1.762, 95% CI: 1.408, 2.205, P0.001) were positively associated with PIM use in older outpatients with cancer.The prevalence of PIM use in Chinese older outpatients with cancer and multimorbidity is high in China. The increased prescription complexity caused by cancer will further increase the prevalence of PIM use. Research on interventions rationing PIM use in the older cancer population are necessary in the future.

Salmonella contamination in food production and processing is a serious threat to consumer health. More and more rapid detection methods have been proposed to compensate for the inefficiency of traditional bacterial cultures to suppress the high prevalence of Salmonella more efficiently. The contamination of Salmonella in foods can be identified by recognition elements and screened using rapid detection methods with different measurable signals (optical, electrical, etc.). Therefore, the different signal transduction mechanisms and Salmonella recognition elements are the key of the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity for the rapid detection methods. In this review, the bioreceptors for Salmonella were firstly summarized and described, then the current promising Salmonella rapid detection methods in foodstuffs with different signal transduction were objectively summarized and evaluated. Moreover, the challenges faced by these methods in practical monitoring and the development prospect were also emphasized to shed light on a new perspective for the Salmonella rapid detection methods applications.

Methane, as a greenhouse gas, is detrimental to the environment. With the increasing number of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, human-related methane emission levels have kept rising in the l...

Objectives Multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults always increase the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and affect the quality of life of older adults. Currently, the data of PIMs on Chinese geriatric outpatients based on Beers criteria 2015 and 2019 have not been studied. The purposes of this study were aimed to investigate the prevalence of PIMs prescription and the most frequent PIMs amongst outpatients according to the two criteria and to explore related risk factors for PIMs. Methods The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted amongst geriatric outpatients in Chengdu in tertiary hospitals from January 2018 to December 2018. The Beers criteria 2015 and 2019 were used to assess PIMs in geriatric outpatients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted to determine the factors that may affect the prevalence of PIMs. Results A total of 12 005 patient prescriptions were enrolled. The prevalence of PIMs in the Beers criteria 2015 and 2019 was 30.98% and 34.39%, respectively. Benzodiazepines, diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most frequent PIMs used according to both criteria. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with female, advanced age, polypharmacy and sleep disorder were the most important factors associated with PIMs use. Conclusion The results showed a high prevalence of PIMs amongst geriatric outpatients in China. The Beers criteria 2019 had a higher detection rate of PIMs, and it was more sensitive to assess the Chinese geriatric population.

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was widely used around the world. Studies suggested conflicting results between PPI treatment and dementia event. This study examined the association between six PPI agents and dementia event by mining the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2020. We employed proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and information element (IC) methods to detect the signals of dementia relevant to PPI. We also analyzed characteristics of PPI and positive control reports, compared dementia event between long- and short-duration of PPI treatment. Finally, we identified 2396 dementia cases with PPI treatment. We did not detect significant signal between PPI and dementia event: PRR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.02, IC = −0.03, 95%CI − 0.17 to 0.10, even in gastroesophageal reflux disease cases: PRR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.59 to 0.72, IC = −0.62, 95%CI − 0.97 to − 0.27. No significant differences of dementia event were detected between long- and short- duration groups, the OR (95%CI) of the 3 years, 5 years and 10 years comparison were 0.70 (0.48 to 1.02), 0.72 (0.45 to 1.15) and 1.65 (0.75 to 3.63), respectively. Based on the current FAERS data mining, we discovered no association between PPI use and dementia event, even in long-term PPI therapy case.

Aim: Pilot study to examine the impact of shift work on cognitive function in Chinese coal mine workers. Background: Shift work is commonly used in modern industries such as the coal industry, and there is growing concern over the impact that shift work has on miners’ work performance and personal well-being. Method: A total of 54 miners working three shifts (17 in morning shift, 18 in afternoon, and 19 in night shift) participated in this exploratory study. A resting-state fNIRS functional connectivity method was conducted to assess the cognitive ability before and after the work shift. Results: Results showed significant differences in cognitive ability between before and after the work shifts among the three-shift workers. The brain functional connectivity was reduced ranking as the night, afternoon, and morning shifts. Decreased brain functional connectivity at the end of the working shift was found compared with before in the morning and afternoon shifts. Opposite results were obtained during the night shift. The resting-state functional brain networks in the prefrontal cortex of all groups exhibited small-world properties. Significant differences in betweenness centrality and nodal local efficiency were found in the prefrontal cortex in the morning and night shifts. Conclusions: The current findings provide new insights regarding the effect of shift work on the cognitive ability of Chinese coal mine workers from the view of brain science.

The development of defects in basin insulators inside a GIS (gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear) could trigger partial discharges under long-term working voltage, threatening safe GIS operation. In this paper, the ultrasonic pulse-echo method was proposed to detect large-scale basin insulators. And an ultrasonic pulse-echo system was set up, including an ultrasonic generator, a transducer and so on. Among them, the ultrasonic generator has been improved to obtain the original ultrasonic waveform. Then ultrasonic tests were carried out on the thickness of large-scale basin insulators, and the type and appropriate frequency of the ultrasonic transducer was proposed. Besides, a void in the epoxy composite specimen was detected and located. The results showed that the ultrasonic pulse-echo method could penetrate 15mm $\sim70$ mm thick basin insulators, and the 1P20 transducer has a better effect on detecting defects than the 1.5P14. The ultrasonic pulse-echo method is feasible for detecting defects in large-scale basin insulators.

Apela, a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the G-protein-coupled apelin receptor, was first discovered and identified in human embryonic stem cells in 2013. Apela has showed some biological functions in promoting angiogenesis and inducing vasodilatation of mammals by binding apelin receptor, but little is known about its expression characteristics and regulatory mechanism in chicken. In the present study, the coding sequences of Apela in chicken was cloned. The evolution history and potential function of Apela were analyzed. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal expression characteristics of chicken Apela were investigated. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of Apela mRNA responsing to estrogen was explored by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the length of the CDs of Apela mRNA was 165 bp and encoded a protein consisting of 54 amino acids residues with a transmembrane domain in chicken. The Apela was derived from the same ancestor of Apelin, and abundantly expressed in liver, kidney and pancreas tissues. The expression levels of Apela in the liver of hens were significantly higher at the peak-laying stage than that at the pre-laying stage (p ≤ 0.05). The Apela mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in primary hepatocytes treated with 17β-estradiol (p ≤ 0.05), and could be effectively inhibited by estrogen receptor antagonists MPP, ICI 182780 and tamoxifen. It indicated that chicken Apela expression was regulated by estrogen via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In individual levels, both the contents of TG, TC and VLDL-c in serum, and the expression of ApoVLDLII and Apela in liver markedly up-regulated by 17β-estradiol induction at 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). This study lays a foundation for further research on Apela involving in hepatic lipid metabolism.

This paper studies a thermal runaway warning system for the safety management system of lithium iron phosphate battery for energy storage. The entire process of thermal runaway is analyzed and controlled according to the process, including temperature warnings, gas warnings, smoke and infrared warnings. Then, the problem of position and threshold setting of the warning sensors are studied. Finally, a hierarchical warning system is established and a communication architecture diagram of system warning is constructed. It is shown that the system can quickly locate the area where the battery pack is out of control, and quickly perform corresponding disconnection, firefighting and alarm operations to ensure the safe and stable operation of the battery storage power station.

ZIF-8 nanocrystals have exhibited different mechanisms for rhodamine B degradation in water under various circumstances., Adsorption and photodegradation of rhodamine B by ZIF-8 nanocrystals were studied using spectroscopic techniques coupled with density functional theory (DFT) cluster calculations. A fast adsorption rate was observed in the dark, but upon exposure to visible light or UV irradiation the adsorption rate noticeably increased. Although several studies previously reported this phenomenon involving bulk ZIF-8 powder, this is the first mechanistic study to our knowledge that demonstrates adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B by nanosized ZIF-8 under various light conditions. The combined study of N2 sorption pore analysis and surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the surface adsorption was mainly due to the open metal sites and surface groups of nanoporous ZIF-8. The fluorescence studies suggested ZIF-8 nanocrystals were able to generate hydroxyl radicals in water but only under UV illumination. The work presented here provides an insight into understanding nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the removal of organic molecules from wastewater.

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are common problems among the older population globally. They not only reduce the quality of life of older adults but also increase the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the predictors of PIMs in hospitalized geriatric patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in Chengdu based on the 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria (2015 AGS Beers Criteria) and 2019 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria (2019 AGS Beers Criteria). METHODS: From 2016 to 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic medical data from nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu. The 2019 and 2015 AGS Beers Criteria were used to evaluate the PIM status of older inpatients (age ≥65 years), and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for PIM use. RESULTS: A total of 17,352 inpatients were included in the study between 2016 and 2018. The prevalence of PIM use based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria (72.54%) was slightly higher than that based on the 2015 AGS Beers Criteria (70.10%). Further, the prevalence of PIM use based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria showed an increasing trend, from 71.17% in 2016 to 73.39% in 2018. Logistic regression demonstrated that female, advanced age, and polypharmacy were positively associated with PIM use in older adults. The most frequently used PIMs in the inpatients were diuretics, benzodiazepines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of PIM use in older inpatients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in Chengdu. The 2019 AGS Beers Criteria is more sensitive for evaluating older adults in Chengdu than the 2015 AGS Beers Criteria. Further, based on the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria, the prevalence of PIM use is increasing year by year. Research on interventions rationing PIM use in the geriatric population in Chengdu are necessary in the future.