1. Sex-specific induction of CYP6 cytochrome P450 genes in cadmium and lead tolerant Anopheles gambiae
- Author
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Daniel K. Masiga, Paul O. Mireji, Fauzia K Musasia, Richard Ochieng, Alfred Orina Isaac, Irene Omedo, and Ramadhan Mwakubambanya
- Subjects
Male ,Insecticides ,Anopheles gambiae ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,parasitic diseases ,Anopheles ,Pyrethrins ,Animals ,Selection, Genetic ,Gene ,Genetics ,Cadmium ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Research ,Cytochrome P450 ,Drug Tolerance ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene expression profiling ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Lead ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Female ,Cytochrome p450 ,Xenobiotic ,Toxicant - Abstract
Background Anopheles gambiae, one of the main Afro-tropical mosquito vector of malaria, has adapted to heavy metals in its natural habitat, and developed resistance to most conventional insecticides. Investigations were conducted to establish an association between tolerance to cadmium or lead-heavy metals, and expression of specific genes for cytochrome p450 enzymes associated with pyrethroid resistance in the mosquito. Methods Juvenile aquatic stages of the mosquito were selected for tolerance to cadmiun or lead through chronic exposure of the stages to maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATCs) of the metals. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), three replicates each of male or female cadmium or lead-tolerant individuals and relevant controls were separately screened for expression of CYP6M2, CYP6P3 and CYP6Z1 genes. The variance in expression levels of the genes amongst the treatments was compared by ANOVA statistical tool. Results Expressions of all the genes were significantly lower (P Conclusion These findings suggest that tolerance to cadmium or lead in the mosquito can influence response in cytochrome p450 genes associated with metabolism of pyrethroids in the mosquito in a sex-specific manner. This can, in turn, affect sensitivity of the mosquito to pyrethroids and other xenobiotics associated with these genes, with potential implications in mosquito vector control operations.
- Published
- 2013