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Exercise-induced benefits are being increasingly recognized in promoting health and preventing diseases. However, initial adaption to exercise response can have different effects on cells, including an increase in the formation of oxidants and inflammatory mediators that ultimately leads to oxidative stress, but this scenario depends on the exercise type and intensity and training status of the individual. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effect of different types of exercise on oxidative stress. Indeed, exercise-induced minimum oxidative stress is required for regulating signaling pathways. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using a broad range of synonyms such as oxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, exercise, physical training, aerobic exercise, and strength exercise until 2019. This study selected a total of 18 articles for assessing the oxidative damage using various parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and F1-isoprostanes and enzymatic antioxidants. We observed that any type of exercise can increase the oxidative damage in an exercise type and intensity manner. Further, the training status of the individual and specific oxidative damage marker plays a crucial role in predicting earlier oxidative damage in the exercise condition. However, some of the studies that we included for review did not perform follow-up evaluations. Therefore, follow-up programs using larger numbers need to be performed to confirm our findings.

Effective recommendations about how to decrease adverse effects of high heels (HH) need to be provided, since wearing HH is inevitable for most women in their daily life, regardless of their negative impacts on the foot morphology. The main purpose of this systematic review was to summarize studies which have provided specific information about how to effectively offset the negative effects of wearing HH, in the case of women, by means of examining heel height, insole, and heel base support (HBS). Some evidence indicate the following: (i) the range of appropriate heel height for HH shoes is 3.76 cm to 4.47 cm; (ii) compared to small HBS, the larger ones effectively increase gait stability, reduce risk of ankle injury, and improve comfort rating during HH walking; and (iii) the use of a total contact insert (TCI) significantly decreases plantar pressure and the impact on the foot, resulting in higher perceived comfort. It must be noted that these results are based on short-term research; therefore, any conclusions with regard to effects in the long term should be taken with a grain of salt. Nevertheless, future studies should be aimed at combining numerical and experimental methods, in order to provide personal recommendations for HH shoes by considering heel height and HBS size, based on the individual characters (weight, height, and age).

The available analytical models for calculating knee patellofemoral forces are limited to the standard squat motion when the center of gravity is fixed horizontally. In this paper, an analytical model is presented to calculate accurately patellofemoral forces by taking into account the change in position of the trunk's center of gravity under deep squat (non-standard squatting). The accuracy of the derived model is validated through comparisons with results of the inverse dynamics technique. Los modelos analíticos disponibles para calcular las fuerzas patelofemorales de la rodilla están limitados al movimiento estándar de cuclillas cuando el centro de gravedad es fijo horizontalmente. En este artículo se presenta un modelo para calcular con exactitud las fuerzas patelofemorales, teniendo en cuenta el cambio de posición del centro de gravedad del tronco durante una sentadilla profunda (posición de sentadilla modificada). Se valida la exactitud del modelo desarrollado mediante comparaciones con resultados de la técnica de dinámica inversa.

In this paper we are going to present an essential modification of an existing analytical model. The model creation normally starts with a simplified, less complex analytical model, where the phenomena can be easily interpreted, checked and controlled. If this model is available and valid – with its certain simplifications – then as a following step, it can be either extended by taking into account earlier neglected factors or a similar but more advanced computational model has to be created in order to broaden the investigated factors. The accent will be set on a neglected factor, the moving center of gravity (COG), in this paper, and the obtained results will be compared with some external data from other authors.

The Biomechanical Team of the Szent István University has been carrying on a comprehensive project of the human knee joint. The conception is oriented to the local motions and the phenomenon (and its influence) of wear. By establishing different experimental models, in order to verify and universalize the results, numerical models must be devel-oped and applied. This paper presents our numerical method on biomechanical- and simple engineering application.

This paper represents a new and unique method about the determination of the proportion of sliding and rolling. This new methods was achieved in order to carry out biomechanical examinations, more precisely, to study the connecting surfaces of the condyles. Intrinsically the sliding attribute of the condyles will be examined, exceeding the well-known limit of pure sliding and rolling, introducing and applying the calculation method on a practical example.