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Mindfulness-, compassion-, and acceptance-based (i.e., “third wave”) psychotherapies are effective for treating chronic pain conditions. Many of these programs require that patients engage in the systematic home practice of meditation experiences so they can develop meditation skills. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the frequency, duration, and effects of home practice in patients with chronic pain undergoing a “third wave” psychotherapy. A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Sciences Core Collection; 31 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies tended to indicate a pattern of moderately frequent practice (around four days/week), with very high variability in terms of time invested; most studies observed significant associations between the amount of practice and positive health outcomes. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy were the most common interventions and presented low levels of adherence to home practice (39.6% of the recommended time). Some studies were conducted on samples of adolescents, who practiced very few minutes, and a few tested eHealth interventions with heterogeneous adherence levels. In conclusion, some adaptations may be required so that patients with chronic pain can engage more easily and, thus, effectively in home meditation practices.

Introduccion. Las consultas de neuropediatria se han incrementado en los ultimos anos, especialmente por trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH). Se postula que los ninos mas jovenes del curso tienen mas riesgo de ser diagnosticados de TDAH. Objetivos. Analizar la demanda asistencial de neuropediatria, comparar su evolucion por grupos diagnosticos y determinar si existe una relacion entre la fecha de nacimiento de los pacientes y la sospecha de TDAH. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes remitidos a neuropediatria entre 1992 y 2012. Se compararon las distintas categorias diagnosticas segun variables epidemiologicas y se exploro si existia un factor relativo a la edad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 3.469 pacientes, un 58,5% varones, con una mediana de edad de 6 anos. El principal motivo de consulta fue la cefalea, y todos los grupos diagnosticos sufrieron un incremento de las consultas. El TDAH experimento un aumento del 350% en los ultimos 10 anos. El 61,6% de los ninos con sospecha de TDAH nacio en el segundo semestre del ano, y la diferencia es mas notable en las ninas. Se objetiva un incremento de sospecha de TDAH en los ninos nacidos antes de la fecha de corte del curso escolar que no aparece en ninguna de las otras patologias en el analisis comparativo. Conclusiones. Existe un incremento de la demanda asistencial de neuropediatria en los ultimos anos, principalmente por TDAH. Los ninos nacidos el ultimo semestre del ano tienen un riesgo mayor de ser remitidos por sospecha de esta enfermedad.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self-guided; ‘third-wave’ psychotherapies vs. other types). Background: Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost-effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access. Design: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Methods: A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools. Results: The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in-depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self-guided vs. guided) and contents (‘third-wave’ psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty-two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self-guided, 8 ‘third wave’ psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found. Conclusion: The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self-guided and ‘third-wave’ psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution.