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1. Impacto de la infección por el VIH en el desarrollo de la enfermedad hepática grasa y análisis de los condicionantes genéticos involucrados en la población infectada

Author

Fernández Fuertes, Marta, Macías Sánchez, Juan, Real Navarrete, Luis Miguel, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina

Abstract

La enfermedad hepática grasa (EHG), y en concreto la enfermedad hepática no alcohólica (EHGNA), constituye la causa principal de enfermedad hepática crónica en el mundo estimándose su frecuencia en la población general caucásica en un 25%. La EHG abarca desde la simple presencia de grasa en el hígado, sin ninguna complicación adicional, hasta fases más avanzadas como la esteatohepatitis (EH) o el carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), que suponen un grave problema de salud. Los factores metabólicos, sobre todo la obesidad, son los que más condicionan el desarrollo de la EHG. Además, se ha demostrado que tiene una alta heredabilidad, identificándose variantes génicas, como la del gen PNPLA3, que aumentan la susceptibilidad a padecerla. La EHG es muy frecuente en las personas que viven con el VIH (PVIH) (40%-70%). La razón por la que esto ocurre no está aclarada, aunque tampoco se han realizado estudios comparando las frecuencias de la enfermedad en individuos infectados y no infectados por el VIH de una misma población. Diferentes estudios han demostrado que la obesidad también es el principal factor asociado al desarrollo de la EHG en esta población. Para explicar la aparente mayor frecuencia de la EHG en estos individuos se ha hipotetizado que la propia infección por el VIH podría estar implicada en esta mayor susceptibilidad. Sin embargo, esto no se ha demostrado. Además, los factores genéticos de susceptibilidad identificados en la población general no parecen tener efecto en las PVIH, lo que sugiere que deben existir otros condicionantes genéticos específicos de la población de infectados para una enfermedad con tan alta heredabilidad. Su identificación podría ayudar a clasificar a estos individuos según su riesgo y establecer las bases para el diseño de estrategias terapéuticas aplicables específicamente a esta población. Por tanto, los objetivos de esta tesis fueron, por un lado, analizar si la infección por el VIH era un factor independiente de desarrollo de la EHG, y por otro, analizar si existen condicionantes genéticos específicos de susceptibilidad a la EHG en la población de PVIH. El primer objetivo se analizó en una población de 574 infectados por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) de los que el 43% estaban coinfectados por el VIH. No hubo diferencias en la frecuencia de la EHG entre infectados y no infectados por el VIH. No se identificó la infección por el VIH como un factor de riesgo independiente para desarrollar la EHG. No obstante, en el análisis multivariante, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la edad y la infección con el genotipo 3 del VHC se asociaron de forma independiente con la presencia de EH. Para el segundo objetivo se llevó a cabo un estudio de asociación de genoma completo (GWAS) en 474 individuos infectados por el VIH de los que el 39% presentaban la EHG. No se identificó ningún polimorfismo, gen o ruta molecular asociada de forma estadísticamente significativa a la EHG. A pesar de ello se identificaron señales sugestivas de estar asociadas que necesitan de una validación externa. Por todo lo anterior concluimos, primero, que la infección por el VIH per se no condiciona el desarrollo de la EHG. La supuesta mayor prevalencia de la EHG en esta población puede ser debida a una infravaloración de la frecuencia de la enfermedad en la población general, por lo que se hace necesario estudios de prevalencia de esta enfermedad en nuestra población general. También concluimos, en segundo lugar, que los factores genéticos no parecen jugar un papel importante en el la susceptibilidad a la EHG en las PVIH. Sin embargo, hemos identificado señales específicas de bajo efecto para esta población que deben ser validadas. De confirmarse, estos resultados podrían esclarecer la etiología molecular de la EHG en personas infectadas por el VIH.

Published
2023

2. Author Correction: Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Author

de Rojas, Itziar, Moreno-Grau, Sonia, Tesi, Niccolo, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Andrade, Victor, Jansen, Iris E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Stringa, Najada, Zettergren, Anna, Hernández, Isabel, Antúnez, Carmen, Antonell, Anna, Tankard, Rick M., Bis, Joshua C., Sims, Rebecca, Bellenguez, Céline, Quintela, Inés, González-Perez, Antonio, Calero, Miguel, Macías, Juan, Blesa, Rafael, Cervera-Carles, Laura, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Royo, Jose Luís, Moreno, Fermin, Huerto Vilas, Raquel, Baquero, Miquel, Diez-Fairen, Mónica, Lage, Carmen, García-González, Pablo, Valero, Sergi, Ullgren, Abbe, Naj, Adam C., Lemstra, Afina W., Benussi, Alberto, Rábano, Alberto, Padovani, Alessandro, Squassina, Alessio, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Arias Pastor, Alfonso, Kok, Almar A. L., Meggy, Alun, Pastor, Ana Belén, Espinosa, Ana, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Sanabria, Ángela, DeStefano, Anita L., Schneider, Anja, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Kinhult Ståhlbom, Anne, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Hartmann, Annette M., Spottke, Annika, Corbatón-Anchuelo, Arturo, Rongve, Arvid, Borroni, Barbara, Arosio, Beatrice, Nacmias, Benedetta, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Kunkle, Brian W., Charbonnier, Camille, Masullo, Carlo, Martínez Rodríguez, Carmen, Muñoz-Fernandez, Carmen, Dufouil, Carole, Graff, Caroline, Ferreira, Catarina B., Chillotti, Caterina, Reynolds, Chandra A., Fenoglio, Chiara, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Clark, Christopher, Pisanu, Claudia, Satizabal, Claudia L., Holmes, Clive, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Aarsland, Dag, Rujescu, Dan, Alcolea, Daniel, Galimberti, Daniela, Wallon, David, Seripa, Davide, Grünblatt, Edna, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Düzel, Emrah, Scarpini, Elio, Conti, Elisa, Rubino, Elisa, Gelpi, Ellen, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy, Duron, Emmanuelle, Boerwinkle, Eric, Ferri, Evelyn, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Küçükali, Fahri, Pasquier, Florence, Sanchez-Garcia, Florentino, Mangialasche, Francesca, Jessen, Frank, Nicolas, Gaël, Selbæk, Geir, Ortega, Gemma, Chêne, Geneviève, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios, Rossi, Giacomina, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Giaccone, Giorgio, Grande, Giulia, Binetti, Giuliano, Papenberg, Goran, Hampel, Harald, Bailly, Henri, Zetterberg, Henrik, Soininen, Hilkka, Karlsson, Ida K., Alvarez, Ignacio, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Giegling, Ina, Skoog, Ingmar, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Rainero, Innocenzo, Rosas Allende, Irene, Hort, Jakub, Diehl-Schmid, Janine, Van Dongen, Jasper, Vidal, Jean-Sebastien, Lehtisalo, Jenni, Wiltfang, Jens, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Kornhuber, Johannes, Haines, Jonathan L., Vogelgsang, Jonathan, Pineda, Juan A., Fortea, Juan, Popp, Julius, Deckert, Jürgen, Buerger, Katharina, Morgan, Kevin, Fließbach, Klaus, Sleegers, Kristel, Molina-Porcel, Laura, Kilander, Lena, Weinhold, Leonie, Farrer, Lindsay A., Wang, Li-San, Kleineidam, Luca, Farotti, Lucia, Parnetti, Lucilla, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Hausner, Lucrezia, Benussi, Luisa, Froelich, Lutz, Ikram, M. Arfan, Deniz-Naranjo, M. Candida, Tsolaki, Magda, Rosende-Roca, Maitée, Löwenmark, Malin, Hulsman, Marc, Spallazzi, Marco, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Esiri, Margaret, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, María, Dalmasso, Maria Carolina, Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa, Arcaro, Marina, Nöthen, Markus M., Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Dichgans, Martin, Ingelsson, Martin, Herrmann, Martin J., Scherer, Martin, Vyhnalek, Martin, Kosmidis, Mary H., Yannakoulia, Mary, Schmid, Matthias, Ewers, Michael, Heneka, Michael T., Wagner, Michael, Scamosci, Michela, Kivipelto, Miia, Hiltunen, Mikko, Zulaica, Miren, Alegret, Montserrat, Fornage, Myriam, Roberto, Natalia, van Schoor, Natasja M., Seidu, Nazib M., Banaj, Nerisa, Armstrong, Nicola J., Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Scherbaum, Norbert, Goldhardt, Oliver, Hanon, Oliver, Peters, Oliver, Skrobot, Olivia Anna, Quenez, Olivier, Lerch, Ondrej, Bossù, Paola, Caffarra, Paolo, Dionigi Rossi, Paolo, Sakka, Paraskevi, Mecocci, Patrizia, Hoffmann, Per, Holmans, Peter A., Fischer, Peter, Riederer, Peter, Yang, Qiong, Marshall, Rachel, Kalaria, Rajesh N., Mayeux, Richard, Vandenberghe, Rik, Cecchetti, Roberta, Ghidoni, Roberta, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Sorbi, Sandro, Hägg, Sara, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, Helisalmi, Seppo, Botne Sando, Sigrid, Kern, Silke, Archetti, Silvana, Boschi, Silvia, Fostinelli, Silvia, Gil, Silvia, Mendoza, Silvia, Mead, Simon, Ciccone, Simona, Djurovic, Srdjan, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, del Ser, Teodoro, Lebouvier, Thibaud, Polak, Thomas, Ngandu, Tiia, Grimmer, Timo, Bessi, Valentina, Escott-Price, Valentina, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Deramecourt, Vincent, Maier, Wolfgang, Jian, Xueqiu, Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L., Smith, A. David, Saenz, Aldo, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Vacca, Alessandro, Solomon, Alina, Anastasiou, Anna, Richardson, Anna, Boland, Anne, Koivisto, Anne, Daniele, Antonio, Greco, Antonio, Marianthi, Arnaoutoglou, McGuinness, Bernadette, Fin, Bertrand, Ferrari, Camilla, Custodero, Carlo, Ferrarese, Carlo, Ingino, Carlos, Mangone, Carlos, Reyes Toso, Carlos, Martínez, Carmen, Cuesta, Carolina, Muchnik, Carolina, Joachim, Catharine, Ortiz, Cecilia, Besse, Céline, Johansson, Charlotte, Zoia, Chiara Paola, Laske, Christoph, Anastasiou, Costas, Palacio, Dana Lis, Politis, Daniel G., Janowitz, Daniel, Craig, David, Mann, David M., Neary, David, Jürgen, Deckert, Daian, Delphine, Belezhanska, Diyana, Kohler, Eduardo, Castaño, Eduardo M., Koutsouraki, Effrosyni, Chipi, Elena, De Roeck, Ellen, Costantini, Emanuele, Vardy, Emma R. L. C., Piras, Fabrizio, Roveta, Fausto, Piras, Federica, Prestia, Federico Ariel, Assogna, Francesca, Salani, Francesca, Sala, Gessica, Lacidogna, Giordano, Novack, Gisela, Wilcock, Gordon, Thonberg, Håkan, Kölsch, Heike, Weber, Heike, Boecker, Henning, Etchepareborda, Ignacio, Piaceri, Irene, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Lindström, Jaana, Laczo, Jan, Johnston, Janet, Deleuze, Jean-François, Harris, Jenny, Schott, Jonathan M., Priller, Josef, Bacha, Juan Ignacio, Snowden, Julie, Lisso, Julieta, Mihova, Kalina Yonkova, Traykov, Latchezar, Morelli, Laura, Brusco, Luis Ignacio, Rainer, Malik, Takalo, Mari, Bjerke, Maria, Del Zompo, Maria, Serpente, Maria, Sanchez Abalos, Mariana, Rios, Mario, Peltonen, Markku, Herrman, Martin J., Kohler, Matias, Rojo, Matias, Jones, Matthew, Orsini, Michela, Medel, Nancy, Olivar, Natividad, Fox, Nick C., Salvadori, Nicola, Hooper, Nigel M., Galeano, Pablo, Solis, Patricia, Bastiani, Patrizia, Passmore, Peter, Heun, Reinhard, Antikainen, Riitta, Olaso, Robert, Perneczky, Robert, Germani, Sandra, López-García, Sara, Love, Seth, Mehrabian, Shima, Bagnoli, Silvia, Kochen, Silvia, Andreoni, Simona, Teipel, Stefan, Todd, Stephen, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Natunen, Teemu, Tegos, Thomas, Laatikainen, Tiina, Strandberg, Timo, Polvikoski, Tuomo M., Matoska, Vaclav, Ciullo, Valentina, Cores, Valeria, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Lisetti, Viviana, Sevillano, Zulma, Abdelnour, C., Aguilera, N., Alarcon, E., Alegret, M., Benaque, A., Boada, M., Buendia, M., Cañabate, P., Carracedo, A., de Rojas, I., Diego, S., Espinosa, A., Gailhajenet, A., García-González, P., Gil, S., Guitart, M., González-Pérez, A., Hernández, I., Ibarria, M., Lafuente, A., Macias, J., Maroñas, O., Martín, E., Martínez, M.T., Marquié, M., Mauleón, A., Montrreal, L., Moreno-Grau, S., Moreno, M., Orellana, A., Ortega, G., Pancho, A., Pelejá, E., Pérez-Cordon, A., Pineda, J.A., Preckler, S., Quintela, I., Real, L.M., Rosende-Roca, M., Ruiz, A., Sáez, M.E., Sanabria, A., Serrano-Rios, M., Sotolongo-Grau, O., Tárraga, L., Valero, S., Vargas, L., Adarmes-Gómez, A.D., Alarcón-Martín, E., Alonso, M.D., Álvarez, I., Álvarez, V., Amer-Ferrer, G., Antequera, M., Antúnez, C., Baquero, M., Bernal, M., Blesa, R., Bullido, M.J., Burguera, J.A., Calero, M., Carrillo, F., Carrión-Claro, M., Casajeros, M.J., Clarimón, J., Cruz-Gamero, J.M., de Pancorbo, M.M., del Ser, T., Diez-Fairen, M., Escuela, R., Garrote-Espina, L., Fortea, J., Franco-Macías, E., Frank-García, A., Garcia Madrona, S., Gómez-Garre, P., Hevilla, S., Jesús, S., Labrador Espinosa, M.A., Lage, C., Legaz, A., Lleó, A., Lopez de Munain, A., López-García, S., Macias-García, D., Manzanares, S., Marín, M., Marín-Muñoz, J., Marín, T., Martín Montes, A., Martínez, B., Martínez, C., Martínez, V., Martínez-Lage Álvarez, P., Medina, M., Mendioroz Iriarte, M., Menéndez-González, M., Mir, P., Molinuevo, J.L., Pastor, P., Pérez Tur, J., Periñán-Tocino, T., Pineda-Sanchez, R., Piñol-Ripoll, G., Rábano, A., Real de Asúa, D., Rodrigo, S., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E., Royo, J.L., Sanchez del Valle Díaz, R., Sánchez-Juan, P., Sastre, I., Vicente, M.P., Vigo-Ortega, R., Vivancos, L., Macleod, C., McCracken, C., Brayne, Carol, Bresner, Catherine, Grozeva, Detelina, Bellou, Eftychia, Sommerville, Ewen W., Matthews, F., Leonenko, Ganna, Menzies, Georgina, Windle, Gill, Harwood, Janet, Phillips, Judith, Bennett, K., Luckuck, Lauren, Clare, Linda, Woods, Robert, Saad, Salha, Burholt, Vanessa, Kehoe, Patrick Gavin, Garcia-Ribas, Guillermo, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Pastor, Pau, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, Lopez de Munain, Adolfo, García-Alberca, Jose María, Bullido, María J., Álvarez, Victoria, Lleó, Alberto, Real, Luis M., Mir, Pablo, Medina, Miguel, Scheltens, Philip, Holstege, Henne, Marquié, Marta, Sáez, María Eugenia, Carracedo, Ángel, Amouyel, Philippe, Schellenberg, Gerard D., Williams, Julie, Seshadri, Sudha, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Mather, Karen A., Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Serrano-Ríos, Manuel, Orellana, Adelina, Tárraga, Lluís, Blennow, Kaj, Huisman, Martijn, Andreassen, Ole A., Posthuma, Danielle, Clarimón, Jordi, Boada, Mercè, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Ramirez, Alfredo, Lambert, Jean-Charles, van der Lee, Sven J., Ruiz, Agustín, Smith, A David, Saenz, Aldo, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Vacca, Alessandro, Solomon, Alina, Anastasiou, Anna, Richardson, Anna, Boland, Anne, Koivisto, Anne, Daniele, Antonio, Greco, Antonio, Marianthi, Arnaoutoglou, McGuinness, Bernadette, Fin, Bertrand, Ferrari, Camilla, Custodero, Carlo, Ferrarese, Carlo, Ingino, Carlos, Mangone, Carlos, Reyes Toso, Carlos, Martínez, Carmen, Cuesta, Carolina, Muchnik, Carolina, Joachim, Catharine, Ortiz, Cecilia, Besse, Céline, Johansson, Charlotte, Zoia, Chiara Paola, Laske, Christoph, Anastasiou, Costas, Palacio, Dana Lis, Politis, Daniel G, Janowitz, Daniel, Craig, David, Mann, David M, Neary, David, Jürgen, Deckert, Daian, Delphine, Belezhanska, Diyana, Kohler, Eduardo, Castaño, Eduardo M, Koutsouraki, Effrosyni, Chipi, Elena, De Roeck, Ellen, Costantini, Emanuele, Vardy, Emma R L C, Piras, Fabrizio, Roveta, Fausto, Piras, Federica, Prestia, Federico Ariel, Assogna, Francesca, Salani, Francesca, Sala, Gessica, Lacidogna, Giordano, Novack, Gisela, Wilcock, Gordon, Thonberg, Håkan, Kölsch, Heike, Weber, Heike, Boecker, Henning, Etchepareborda, Ignacio, Piaceri, Irene, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Lindström, Jaana, Laczo, Jan, Johnston, Janet, Deleuze, Jean-François, Harris, Jenny, Schott, Jonathan M, Priller, Josef, Bacha, Juan Ignacio, Snowden, Julie, Lisso, Julieta, Mihova, Kalina Yonkova, Traykov, Latchezar, Morelli, Laura, Brusco, Luis Ignacio, Rainer, Malik, Takalo, Mari, Bjerke, Maria, Del Zompo, Maria, Serpente, Maria, Sanchez Abalos, Mariana, Rios, Mario, Peltonen, Markku, Herrman, Martin J, Kohler, Matias, Rojo, Matias, Jones, Matthew, Orsini, Michela, Medel, Nancy, Olivar, Natividad, Fox, Nick C, Salvadori, Nicola, Hooper, Nigel M, Galeano, Pablo, Solis, Patricia, Bastiani, Patrizia, Passmore, Peter, Heun, Reinhard, Antikainen, Riitta, Olaso, Robert, Perneczky, Robert, Germani, Sandra, López-García, Sara, Love, Seth, Mehrabian, Shima, Bagnoli, Silvia, Kochen, Silvia, Andreoni, Simona, Teipel, Stefan, Todd, Stephen, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Natunen, Teemu, Tegos, Thomas, Laatikainen, Tiina, Strandberg, Timo, Polvikoski, Tuomo M, Matoska, Vaclav, Ciullo, Valentina, Cores, Valeria, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Lisetti, Viviana, Sevillano, Zulma, Abdelnour, C., Aguilera, N., Alarcon, E., Alegret, M., Benaque, A., Boada, M., Buendia, M., Cañabate, P., Carracedo, A., Corbatón-Anchuelo, A., de Rojas, I., Diego, S., Espinosa, A., Gailhajenet, A., García-González, P., Gil, S., Guitart, M., González-Pérez, A., Hernández, I., Ibarria, M., Lafuente, A., Macias, J., Maroñas, O., Martín, E., Martínez, M. T., Marquié, M., Mauleón, A., Montrreal, L., Moreno-Grau, S., Moreno, M., Orellana, A., Ortega, G., Pancho, A., Pelejá, E., Pérez-Cordon, A., Pineda, J. A., Preckler, S., Quintela, I., Real, L. M., Rosende-Roca, M., Ruiz, A., Sáez, M. E., Sanabria, A., Serrano-Rios, M., Sotolongo-Grau, O., Tárraga, L., Valero, S., Vargas, L., Adarmes-Gómez, A. D., Alarcón-Martín, E., Alonso, M. D., Álvarez, I., Álvarez, V., Amer-Ferrer, G., Antequera, M., Antúnez, C., Baquero, M., Bernal, M., Blesa, R., Buiza-Rueda, D., Bullido, M. J., Burguera, J. A., Calero, M., Carrillo, F., Carrión-Claro, M., Casajeros, M. J., Clarimón, J., Cruz-Gamero, J. M., de Pancorbo, M. M., Del Ser, T., Diez-Fairen, M., Escuela, R., Garrote-Espina, L., Fortea, J., Franco-Macías, E., Frank-García, A., García-Alberca, J. M., Garcia Madrona, S., Garcia-Ribas, G., Gómez-Garre, P., Hevilla, S., Jesús, S., Labrador Espinosa, M. A., Lage, C., Legaz, A., Lleó, A., Lopez de Munain, A., López-García, S., Macias-García, D., Manzanares, S., Marín, M., Marín-Muñoz, J., Marín, T., Martín Montes, A., Martínez, B., Martínez, C., Martínez, V., Martínez-Lage Álvarez, P., Medina, M., Mendioroz Iriarte, M., Menéndez-González, M., Mir, P., Molinuevo, J. L., Pastor, P., Pérez Tur, J., Periñán-Tocino, T., Pineda-Sanchez, R., Piñol-Ripoll, G., Rábano, A., Real de Asúa, D., Rodrigo, S., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E., Royo, J. L., Sanchez Del Valle Díaz, R., Sánchez-Juan, P., Sastre, I., Vicente, M. P., Vigo-Ortega, R., Vivancos, L., Macleod, C., McCracken, C., Brayne, Carol, Bresner, Catherine, Grozeva, Detelina, Bellou, Eftychia, Sommerville, Ewen W, Matthews, F., Leonenko, Ganna, Menzies, Georgina, Windle, Gill, Harwood, Janet, Phillips, Judith, Bennett, K., Luckuck, Lauren, Clare, Linda, Woods, Robert, Saad, Salha, Burholt, Vanessa, Rongve, Arvid, Brussels Heritage Lab, Clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, and Neurology

Subjects
polygenic risk scores, Multidisciplinary, Common variants, Neuroscience(all), neurology, Medizin, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:500, General Chemistry, Alzheimer's disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, RISK STRATIFICATION
Abstract

The original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 212th author Patrizia Mecocci, who is from the Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Consequently, the “Sample Contribution” section of Author Contributions was updated to add “P.M” between “P.D.” and “R.C.”. Additionally, the original version of this Article contained the incorrect affiliation for author Patrick Gavin Kehoe, which incorrectly read “German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany”. The correct version replaces this affiliation with “Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. CA extern

Published
2023

3. Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study

Author

Rojas, Itziar de, Hernández, Isabel, Montrreal, Laura, Quintela, Inés, Calero, Miguel, Royo, José Luis, Huerto Vilas, Raquel, González-Pérez, Antonio, Franco-Macías, Emilio, Macias, Juan, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Frank-García, Ana, Díez-Fairen, Mónica, Lage, Carmen, García-Madrona, Sebastián, Aguilera, Nuria, Garcia-González, Pablo, Puerta, Raquel, Sotolongo-Grau, Oscar, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Rábano, Alberto, Arias Pastor, Alfonso, Pastor, Ana Belén, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Martin Montes, Ángel, Martínez Rodríguez, Carmen, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Periñán, María Teresa, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eloy, Álvarez, Ignacio, Rosas Allende, Irene, Pineda, Juan A., Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, María, Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Mendoza, Silvia, Ser, Teodoro del, GR@ACE, DEGESCO Consortium, García-Ribas, Guillermo, Sanchez-Juan, Pascual, Pastor, Pau, Bullido, María Jesús, Álvarez, Victoria, Real, Luis M., Mir, Pablo, Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, García-Alberca, José María, Medina, Miguel, Orellana, Adelina, Butler, Christopher R., Marquie, Marta, Sáez, María Eugenia, Carracedo, Ángel, Tárraga, Lluís, Boada, Mercè, Ruiz, Agustín, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unión Europea, Grifols (Spain), Fundación La Caixa, Fundació ACE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERNED (Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Fundación Reina Sofía, Grifols, La Caixa, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (España), European Commission, Rojas, Itziar de [0000-0002-2148-381X], Calero, Miguel [0000-0001-5366-3324], Menéndez-González, Manuel [0000-0002-5218-0774], Díez-Fairen, Mónica [0000-0003-1882-0309], Rábano, Alberto [0000-0001-9320-6566], Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eloy [0000-0001-7742-677X], Álvarez, Ignacio [0000-0002-8537-3935], Bullido, María Jesús [0000-0002-6477-1117], Álvarez, Victoria [0000-0002-1916-2523], Real, Luis M. [0000-0003-4932-7429], Medina, Miguel [0000-0002-7016-5340], Butler, Christopher R. [0000-0002-7502-9284], Sáez, María Eugenia [0000-0001-9299-2534], Carracedo, Ángel [0000-0003-1085-8986], Ruiz, Agustín [0000-0003-2633-2495], Universidad de Cantabria, Rojas, Itziar de, Calero, Miguel, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Díez-Fairen, Mónica, Rábano, Alberto, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eloy, Álvarez, Ignacio, Bullido, María Jesús, Álvarez, Victoria, Real, Luis M., Medina, Miguel, Butler, Christopher R., Sáez, María Eugenia, Carracedo, Ángel, Ruiz, Agustín, and UAM. Departamento de Biología Molecular

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, GWAS, GR@ACE/DEGESCO, dementia, APOE, Medicine (miscellaneous), Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, Article, Medicine
Abstract

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis., We would like to thank patients and controls who participated in this project. The present work has been performed as part of the doctoral program of I. de Rojas at the Universitat de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) supported by national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. The Genome Research @ Fundació ACE project (GR@ACE) is supported by Grifols SA, Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’, Fundació ACE, and CIBERNED. The Vallecas Project is supported by Queen Sofia Foundation and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The position held by SA-L is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future”) Sara Borrell Contract (CD19/00232). A.R. and M.B. receive support from the European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint undertaking ADAPTED and MOPEAD projects (grant numbers 115975 and 115985, respectively). M.B. and A.R. are also supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240 and PI19/01301. Acción Estratégica en Salud is integrated into the Spanish National R + D + I Plan and funded by ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)–Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER–‘Una manera de hacer Europa’). Some control samples and data from patients included in this study were provided in part by the National DNA Bank Carlos III (www.bancoadn.org, accessed date: 1 October 2021, University of Salamanca, Spain) and Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme (Sevilla, Spain); they were processed following standard operating procedures with the appropriate approval of the Ethical and Scientific Committee. This research has been conducted using the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative public resource obtained through the web site (https://www.covid19hg.org/results/, accessed date: 1 October 2021).

Published
2021

4. Inhibition of profibrotic microRNA-21 affects platelets and their releasate

Author

Barwari, Temo, Eminaga, Seda, Mayr, Ursula, Lu, Ruifang, Armstrong, Paul C, Chan, Melissa V, Sahraei, Mahnaz, Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Moreau, Thomas, Barallobre-Barreiro, Javier, Lynch, Marc, Yin, Xiaoke, Schulte, Christian, Baig, Ferheen, Pechlaner, Raimund, Langley, Sarah R, Zampetaki, Anna, Santer, Peter, Weger, Martin, Plasenzotti, Roberto, Schosserer, Markus, Grillari, Johannes, Kiechl, Stefan, Willeit, Johann, Shah, Ajay M, Ghevaert, Cedric, Warner, Timothy D, Fernández-Hernando, Carlos, Suárez, Yajaira, and Mayr, Manuel

Subjects
Platelets, Blood Platelets, Male, Proteomics, RNA, Untranslated, Noncoding RNAs, Cardiology, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Mice, Animals, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Trials as Topic, Myocardium, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Middle Aged, Fibrosis, 3. Good health, Extracellular Matrix, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MicroRNAs, Female, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
Abstract

Fibrosis is a major contributor to organ disease for which no specific therapy is available. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been implicated in the fibrogenetic response, and inhibitors of miR-21 are currently undergoing clinical trials. Here, we explore how miR-21 inhibition may attenuate fibrosis using a proteomics approach. Transfection of miR-21 mimic or inhibitor in murine cardiac fibroblasts revealed limited effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. Similarly, miR-21-null mouse hearts showed an unaltered ECM composition. Thus, we searched for additional explanations as to how miR-21 might regulate fibrosis. In plasma samples from the community-based Bruneck Study, we found a marked correlation of miR-21 levels with several platelet-derived profibrotic factors, including TGF-β1. Pharmacological miR-21 inhibition with an antagomiR reduced the platelet release of TGF-β1 in mice. Mechanistically, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, a negative regulator of platelet TGF-β1 secretion, was identified as a direct target of miR-21. miR-21-null mice had lower platelet and leukocyte counts compared with littermate controls but higher megakaryocyte numbers in the bone marrow. Thus, to our knowledge this study reports a previously unrecognized effect of miR-21 inhibition on platelets. The effect of antagomiR-21 treatment on platelet TGF-β1 release, in particular, may contribute to the antifibrotic effects of miR-21 inhibitors.

5. Common variants in Alzheimer's disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Author

De Rojas, Itziar, Moreno-Grau, Sonia, Tesi, Niccolo, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Andrade, Victor, Jansen, Iris E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Stringa, Najada, Zettergren, Anna, Hernández, Isabel, Montrreal, Laura, Antúnez, Carmen, Antonell, Anna, Tankard, Rick M, Bis, Joshua C, Sims, Rebecca, Bellenguez, Céline, Quintela, Inés, González-Perez, Antonio, Calero, Miguel, Franco-Macías, Emilio, Macías, Juan, Blesa, Rafael, Cervera-Carles, Laura, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Frank-García, Ana, Royo, Jose Luís, Moreno, Fermin, Huerto Vilas, Raquel, Baquero, Miquel, Diez-Fairen, Mónica, Lage, Carmen, García-Madrona, Sebastián, García-González, Pablo, Alarcón-Martín, Emilio, Valero, Sergi, Sotolongo-Grau, Oscar, Ullgren, Abbe, Naj, Adam C, Lemstra, Afina W, Benaque, Alba, Pérez-Cordón, Alba, Benussi, Alberto, Rábano, Alberto, Padovani, Alessandro, Squassina, Alessio, De Mendonça, Alexandre, Arias Pastor, Alfonso, Kok, Almar AL, Meggy, Alun, Pastor, Ana Belén, Espinosa, Ana, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Martín Montes, Angel, Sanabria, Ángela, DeStefano, Anita L, Schneider, Anja, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Kinhult Ståhlbom, Anne, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Hartmann, Annette M, Spottke, Annika, Corbatón-Anchuelo, Arturo, Rongve, Arvid, Borroni, Barbara, Arosio, Beatrice, Nacmias, Benedetta, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Kunkle, Brian W, Charbonnier, Camille, Abdelnour, Carla, Masullo, Carlo, Martínez Rodríguez, Carmen, Muñoz-Fernandez, Carmen, Dufouil, Carole, Graff, Caroline, Ferreira, Catarina B, Chillotti, Caterina, Reynolds, Chandra A, Fenoglio, Chiara, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Clark, Christopher, Pisanu, Claudia, Satizabal, Claudia L, Holmes, Clive, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Aarsland, Dag, Rujescu, Dan, Alcolea, Daniel, Galimberti, Daniela, Wallon, David, Seripa, Davide, Grünblatt, Edna, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Düzel, Emrah, Scarpini, Elio, Conti, Elisa, Rubino, Elisa, Gelpi, Ellen, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy, Duron, Emmanuelle, Boerwinkle, Eric, Ferri, Evelyn, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Küçükali, Fahri, Pasquier, Florence, Sanchez-Garcia, Florentino, Mangialasche, Francesca, Jessen, Frank, Nicolas, Gaël, Selbæk, Geir, Ortega, Gemma, Chêne, Geneviève, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios, Rossi, Giacomina, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Giaccone, Giorgio, Grande, Giulia, Binetti, Giuliano, Papenberg, Goran, Hampel, Harald, Bailly, Henri, Zetterberg, Henrik, Soininen, Hilkka, Karlsson, Ida K, Alvarez, Ignacio, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Giegling, Ina, Skoog, Ingmar, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Rainero, Innocenzo, Rosas Allende, Irene, Hort, Jakub, Diehl-Schmid, Janine, Van Dongen, Jasper, Vidal, Jean-Sebastien, Lehtisalo, Jenni, Wiltfang, Jens, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Kornhuber, Johannes, Haines, Jonathan L, Vogelgsang, Jonathan, Pineda, Juan A, Fortea, Juan, Popp, Julius, Deckert, Jürgen, Buerger, Katharina, Morgan, Kevin, Fließbach, Klaus, Sleegers, Kristel, Molina-Porcel, Laura, Kilander, Lena, Weinhold, Leonie, Farrer, Lindsay A, Wang, Li-San, Kleineidam, Luca, Farotti, Lucia, Parnetti, Lucilla, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Hausner, Lucrezia, Benussi, Luisa, Froelich, Lutz, Ikram, M Arfan, Deniz-Naranjo, M Candida, Tsolaki, Magda, Rosende-Roca, Maitée, Löwenmark, Malin, Hulsman, Marc, Spallazzi, Marco, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A, Esiri, Margaret, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona, María, Dalmasso, Maria Carolina, Martínez-Larrad, María Teresa, Arcaro, Marina, Nöthen, Markus M, Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Dichgans, Martin, Ingelsson, Martin, Herrmann, Martin J, Scherer, Martin, Vyhnalek, Martin, Kosmidis, Mary H, Yannakoulia, Mary, Schmid, Matthias, Ewers, Michael, Heneka, Michael T, Wagner, Michael, Scamosci, Michela, Kivipelto, Miia, Hiltunen, Mikko, Zulaica, Miren, Alegret, Montserrat, Fornage, Myriam, Roberto, Natalia, Van Schoor, Natasja M, Seidu, Nazib M, Banaj, Nerisa, Armstrong, Nicola J, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Scherbaum, Norbert, Goldhardt, Oliver, Hanon, Oliver, Peters, Oliver, Skrobot, Olivia Anna, Quenez, Olivier, Lerch, Ondrej, Bossù, Paola, Caffarra, Paolo, Dionigi Rossi, Paolo, Sakka, Paraskevi, Mecocci, Patrizia, Hoffmann, Per, Holmans, Peter A, Fischer, Peter, Riederer, Peter, Yang, Qiong, Marshall, Rachel, Kalaria, Rajesh N, Mayeux, Richard, Vandenberghe, Rik, Cecchetti, Roberta, Ghidoni, Roberta, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Sorbi, Sandro, Hägg, Sara, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, Helisalmi, Seppo, Botne Sando, Sigrid, Kern, Silke, Archetti, Silvana, Boschi, Silvia, Fostinelli, Silvia, Gil, Silvia, Mendoza, Silvia, Mead, Simon, Ciccone, Simona, Djurovic, Srdjan, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Del Ser, Teodoro, Lebouvier, Thibaud, Polak, Thomas, Ngandu, Tiia, Grimmer, Timo, Bessi, Valentina, Escott-Price, Valentina, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Deramecourt, Vincent, Maier, Wolfgang, Jian, Xueqiu, Pijnenburg, Yolande AL, EADB Contributors, GR@ACE Study Group, DEGESCO Consortium, IGAP (ADGC, CHARGE, EADI, GERAD), PGC-ALZ Consortia, Kehoe, Patrick Gavin, Garcia-Ribas, Guillermo, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Pastor, Pau, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, Lopez De Munain, Adolfo, García-Alberca, Jose María, Bullido, María J, Álvarez, Victoria, Lleó, Alberto, Real, Luis M, Mir, Pablo, Medina, Miguel, Scheltens, Philip, Holstege, Henne, Marquié, Marta, Sáez, María Eugenia, Carracedo, Ángel, Amouyel, Philippe, Schellenberg, Gerard D, Williams, Julie, Seshadri, Sudha, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Mather, Karen A, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Serrano-Ríos, Manuel, Orellana, Adelina, Tárraga, Lluís, Blennow, Kaj, Huisman, Martijn, Andreassen, Ole A, Posthuma, Danielle, Clarimón, Jordi, Boada, Mercè, Van Der Flier, Wiesje M, Ramirez, Alfredo, Lambert, Jean-Charles, Van Der Lee, Sven J, and Ruiz, Agustín

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Heterozygote, Multifactorial Inheritance, Datasets as Topic, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, 3. Good health, Cohort Studies, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Apolipoproteins E, Alzheimer Disease, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Age of Onset, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061, Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease.

6. New insights on the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s and related dementia

Author

Bellenguez, Céline, Küçükali, Fahri, Jansen, Iris, Andrade, Victor, Moreno-Grau, Sonia, Amin, Najaf, Naj, Adam C., Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Campos-Martin, Rafael, Holmans, Peter A., Boland, Anne, Kleineidam, Luca, Damotte, Vincent, van der Lee, Sven J., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Yang, Qiong, de Rojas, Itziar, Bis, Joshua C., Yaqub, Amber, Prokic, Ivana, Costa, Marcos R, Chapuis, Julien, Ahmad, Shahzad, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Boada, Mercè, Aarsland, Dag, García-González, Pablo, Abdelnour, Carla, Alarcón-Martín, Emilio, Alegret, Montserrat, Alvarez, Ignacio, Álvarez, Victoria, Armstrong, Nicola J., Tsolaki, Anthoula, Antúnez, Carmen, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Arcaro, Marina, Archetti, Silvana, Pastor, Alfonso Arias, Arosio, Beatrice, Athanasiu, Lavinia, Bailly, Henri, Banaj, Nerisa, Baquero, Miquel, Belén Pastor, Ana, Benussi, Luisa, Berr, Claudine, Besse, Céline, Bessi, Valentina, Binetti, Giuliano, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Alcolea, Daniel, Blesa, Rafael, Borroni, Barbara, Boschi, Silvia, Bossù, Paola, Bråthen, Geir, Bresner, Catherine, Brookes, Keeley J., Brusco, Luis Ignacio, Bûrger, Katharina, Bullido, María J., Burholt, Vanessa, Bush, William S., Calero, Miguel, Dufouil, Carole, Carracedo, Ángel, Cecchetti, Roberta, Cervera-Carles, Laura, Charbonnier, Camille, Chillotti, Caterina, Brodaty, Henry, Ciccone, Simona, Claassen, Jurgen A.H.R., Clark, Christopher, Conti, Elisa, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Costantini, Emanuele, Custodero, Carlo, Daian, Delphine, Dalmasso, Maria Carolina, Daniele, Antonio, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Dartigues, Jean-François, de Deyn, Peter Paul, de Paiva Lopes, Katia, de Witte, Lot D., Debette, Stéphanie, Deckert, Jürgen, del Ser, Teodoro, Denning, Nicola, DeStefano, Anita, Dichgans, Martin, Diehl-Schmid, Janine, Diez-Fairen, Mónica, Rossi, Paolo Dionigi, Djurovic, Srdjan, Duron, Emmanuelle, Düzel, Emrah, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Espinosa, Ana, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Ewers, Michael, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Farotti, Lucia, Fenoglio, Chiara, Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Hardy, John, Ferrari, Raffaele, Ferreira, Catarina B, Ferri, Evelyn, Fin, Bertrand, Fischer, Peter, Fladby, Tormod, Fließbach, Klaus, Fortea, Juan, Fostinelli, Silvia, Fox, Nick C., Franco-Macías, Emlio, Frank-García, Ana, Froelich, Lutz, Galimberti, Daniela, García-Alberca, Jose Maria, Garcia-Madrona, Sebastian, García-Ribas, Guillermo, Chene, Geneviève, Ghidoni, Roberta, Giegling, Ina, Giaccone, Giorgio, Goldhardt, Oliver, González-Pérez, Antonio, Graff, Caroline, Grande, Giulia, Green, Emma, Grimmer, Timo, Grünblatt, Edna, Guetta-Baranes, Tamar, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios, Haines, Jonathan L., Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L., Hampel, Harald, Hanon, Olivier, Hartmann, Annette M., Hausner, Lucrezia, Harwood, Janet, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Helisalmi, Seppo, Heneka, Michael T., Hernández, Isabel, Herrmann, Martin J., Hoffmann, Per, Holmes, Clive, Holstege, Henne, Vilas, Raquel Huerto, Hulsman, Marc, Humphrey, Jack, Biessels, Geert Jan, Johansson, Charlotte, Kehoe, Patrick G., Kilander, Lena, Ståhlbom, Anne Kinhult, Kivipelto, Miia, Koivisto, Anne, Kornhuber, Johannes, Kosmidis, Mary H., Kuksa, Pavel P., Kunkle, Brian W., Lage, Carmen, Laukka, Erika J, Lauria, Alessandra, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lehtisalo, Jenni, Satizabal, Claudia L., Lerch, Ondrej, Lleó, Alberto, Lopez, Rogelio, Lopez, Oscar, de Munain, Adolfo Lopez, Love, Seth, Löwemark, Malin, Luckcuck, Lauren, Macías, Juan, MacLeod, Catherine A., Maier, Wolfgang, Mangialasche, Francesca, Spallazzi, Marco, Marquié, Marta, Marshall, Rachel, Martin, Eden R., Martín Montes, Angel, Rodríguez, Carmen Martínez, Masullo, Carlo, Mayeux, Richard, Mead, Simon, Mecocci, Patrizia, Medina, Miguel, Meggy, Alun, Mendoza, Silvia, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Mir, Pablo, Periñán, Maria Teresa, Mol, Merel, Molina-Porcel, Laura, Montrreal, Laura, Morelli, Laura, Moreno, Fermín, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Muchnik, Carolina, Nacmias, Benedetta, Ngandu, Tiia, Nicolas, Gael, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olaso, Robert, Orellana, Adelina, Orsini, Michela, Ortega, Gemma, Padovani, Alessandro, Caffarra, Paolo, Papenberg, Goran, Parnetti, Lucilla, Pasquier, Florence, Pastor, Pau, Pérez-Cordón, Alba, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Pericard, Pierre, Peters, Oliver, Pijnenburg, Yolande A.L., Pineda, Juan A, Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, Pisanu, Claudia, Polak, Thomas, Popp, Julius, Posthuma, Danielle, Priller, Josef, Puerta, Raquel, Quenez, Olivier, Quintela, Inés, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Rábano, Alberto, Rainero, Innocenzo, Ramakers, Inez, Real, Luis M, Reinders, Marcel J.T., Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Riederer, Peter, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy, Rongve, Arvid, Allende, Irene Rosas, Rosende-Roca, Maitée, Royo, Jose Luis, Rubino, Elisa, Rujescu, Dan, Sáez, María Eugenia, Sakka, Paraskevi, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Sanabria, Ángela, Sánchez-Arjona, María Bernal, Sanchez-Garcia, Florentino, Mehrabian, Shima, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Sando, Sigrid B, Scamosci, Michela, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Scarpini, Elio, Scheltens, Philip, Scherbaum, Norbert, Scherer, Martin, Schmid, Matthias, Schneider, Anja, Schott, Jonathan M., Selbæk, Geir, Sha, Jin, Shadrin, Alexey A, Skrobot, Olivia, Snijders, Gijsje J. L., Soininen, Hilkka, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Solomon, Alina, Sorbi, Sandro, Sotolongo-Grau, Oscar, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Spottke, Annika, Squassina, Alessio, Tartari, Juan Pablo, Tárraga, Lluís, Tesí, Niccolo, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Tegos, Thomas, Traykov, Latchezar, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Uitterlinden, Andre, Ullgren, Abbe, Ulstein, Ingun, Valero, Sergi, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, van der Lugt, Aad, Van Dongen, Jasper, van Rooij, Jeroen, van Swieten, John, Vandenberghe, Rik, Verhey, Frans, Vidal, Jean-Sébastien, Vogelgsang, Jonathan, Vyhnalek, Martin, Wagner, Michael, Wallon, David, Wang, Li-San, Wang, Ruiqi, Weinhold, Leonie, Wiltfang, Jens, Windle, Gill, Woods, Bob, Yannakoulia, Mary, Zhao, Yi, Zulaica, Miren, Serrano-Rios, Manuel, Seripa, Davide, Stordal, Eystein, Farrer, Lindsay A., Psaty, Bruce M., Ghanbari, Mohsen, Raj, Towfique, Sachdev, Perminder, Mather, Karen, Jessen, Frank, Ikram, M. Arfan, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Hort, Jakub, Tsolaki, Magda, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Amouyel, Philippe, Williams, Julie, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Clarimon, Jordi, Deleuze, Jean-François, Rossi, Giacomina, Seshadri, Sudha, Andreassen, Ole A., Ingelsson, Martin, Hiltunen, Mikko, Sleegers, Kristel, Schellenberg, Gerard D., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Sims, Rebecca, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Ruiz, Agustín, Ramirez, Alfredo, and Lambert, Jean-Charles

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Microglia, Amyloid, business.industry, Disease, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Genetic etiology, Medicine, Dementia, Egfr signaling, business, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe and incurable neurodegenerative disease, and the failure to find effective treatments suggests that the underlying pathology remains poorly understood. Due to its strong heritability, deciphering the genetic landscape of AD and related dementia (ADD) is a unique opportunity to advance our knowledge. We completed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (39,106 clinically AD-diagnosed cases, 46,828 proxy-ADD cases and 401,577 controls) with the most promising signals followed-up in 25,392 independent AD cases and 276,086 controls. We report 75 risk loci for ADD, including 42 novel ones. Pathway-enrichment analyses confirm the involvement of amyloid/Tau pathways, highlight the role of microglia and its potential interaction with APP metabolism. Numerous genes exhibited differential expression or splicing in AD-related conditions and gene prioritization implies EGFR signaling and TNF-α pathway through LUBAC complex. We also generated a novel polygenic risk score strongly associated with the risk of future dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. In conclusion, by more than doubling the number of loci associated with ADD risk, our study offers new insights into the pathophysiological processes underlying AD and offers additional therapeutic entry-points and tools for translational genomics.

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