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Aims: In this study, biochar and magnetic biochar were obtained from loquat seeds. The obtained biochars were used to remove methyl blue from the aqueous solution. Study Design: The effects of adsorbent substance dosage, pH, initial methyl blue concentration, time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, between February 2022 and February 2023. Methodology: In this study, batch adsorption method, which is an easily applicable and common method, was used to remove dye from aqueous media. Modified loquat seeds were characterized by FTIR, BET analysis. The adsorption process was investigated in terms of kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity was 31.746 mg/g for biochar and 67.568 mg/g for magnetic biochar. According to the kinetic data, the adsorption rate is pseudo-second-order. According to the thermodynamic data, negative ΔG values indicated that adsorption of methyl blue occurred spontaneously. According to negative ΔH values, the adsorption process was exothermic. When the adsorption isotherms were examined, it was seen that loquat biochar and modified loquat biochar were suitable for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Conclusion: Modified loquat seeds can be used to remove methyl blue dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents used can be modified with different chemicals to increase the adsorption capacity and contribute to the literature.

Aims: The aim of the study was to use Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to find optimal experimental design for wastewater treatments from office paper recycling. In this way, interactive effects of treatment factors were evaluated, including microwave power (MW) and durations with centrifuge time while turbidity of wastewater was chosen as the dependent output variable or an optimal response. Methodology: The RSM approach was utilized for optimization of the process parameters and identifying the optimal conditions for the removal of turbidity in paper recycling wastewater. In this regard, a three-factor RSM were selected, using MW irradiation power (Watts), durations (seconds) and centrifuge time (min). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the adequacy of the developed model. In this case, specially prepared office papers (one-side laser printed) were subjected to standard paper recycling procedure for obtaining wastewater at laboratory conditions. The experimentally derived RSM model was validated using range of statistical parameters. Conclusions: The study revealed that under the RSM optimized conditions, a marked reduction in the turbidity of wastewater was observed for both groups studied. The R2, R2(adj) and R2(pred) values were indicates, the developed model was significant which revealed a well agreement between the experimental data and proposed model. In this approach, the R2=99.710% and lack-of-fit value were found to be 0.111 (p>0.05), which shows the model and the data consisted to each other. The lowest turbidity value was found with 150.000 Watts and 60.000 seconds in MW conditions with 15.000 minutes of centrifugation time, experimentally. With employing these variables, the turbidity value of 6.65 NTU was determined. However, the highest turbidity value of 18.013 NTU was found with MW power of 200.00 Watts with 40.000 seconds of durations and 1.591 minute of centrifugation time. It is important to note that with using optimized parameters, the turbidity value of 1.43 NTU was calculated while 1.47 NTU was found with experimentally.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı altın otu esansiyel yağı ve argan yağı karışımının yanıt yüzey metodolojisi (YYM) koşullarında mikrokapsüle edilmesi ve uygun krem formülasyonundaki antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Yöntem: YYM deney tasarımı kullanılarak, kompleks koaservasyon yöntemi ile mikrokapsül üretilmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: Altın otu esansiyel yağı ve argan yağı karışımlı, jelatin/arap zamkı duvarlı mikrokapsüller üretilmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Oluşturulan deney tasarımına verilerimiz işlenerek ANOVA sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Mikrokapsül içeren kremin antioksidan kapasitesi yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: YYM ile üç farklı parametrede, kompleks koaservasyon yöntemiyle mikrokapsül üretilip, karakterize edilmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin morfolojik görüntüleri için SEM (taramalı elektron mikroskobu) ve optik mikroskoptan yararlanılmış olup, yapıyı aydınlatmak için GC-MS (gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektroskopisi) ve FT-IR (Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi) kullanılmıştır. Mikrokapsüller kreme eklenip, kremin antioksidan kapasitesi CUPRAC metoduyla yorumlanmıştır. Tüm veriler değerlendirildiğinde altın otu ve argan yağı karışımı kompleks koaservasyon yöntemi kullanılarak başarılı bir şekilde mikrokapsüle edilmiştir. Mikrokapsül içeren kozmetik kremin etkin bir şekilde antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Today, the importance of materials produced by natural means or by synthesis is increasing in the prevention of increasing water pollution. Sophora Japonica fruit seeds (SJfs) were pyrolyzed at 450 degrees C to produce SJfs-biochar (SJfsB) in this study. Iron nanoparticles were immobilized to the SJfsB structure to form a more active biosorbent matrix. SJfsB and the resulting novel biosorbent (nanomagnetic-Sophora Japonica fruit seeds biochar (nM-SJfsB) were used to remove malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy were used to elucidate the details of the biosorbent properties. The effect on removal was investigated using various parameters. A combined strategy was used to define the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent amount, time, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity determined by the Langmuir model was 51.020 mg/g for SJfsB-MG and 101.010 mg/g was found for nM-SJfsB-MG. The pseudo second order equation made the equilibrium data suitable. After regeneration, nM-SJfsB can be used for re-adsorption studies and reused for multiple cycles in adsorption and desorption applications without discharging nano-iron particles into aqueous medium.

Batch sorption experiments were performed to investigate the potential of

Son yıllarda katı partiküller ve sıvıların kaplanması için çeşitli metotlar yayınlanmaktadır. Mikrokapsülleme işlemi de bu metotlar arasında yer almaktadır. Mikrokapsülleme, sıvı ya da katı partikül ya da damlacıklarının polimer bir film malzemesi ile kaplanması işlemidir. Mikroenkapsülasyon teknolojisi yaygın olarak ilaç, gıda, tarım pestisit, kozmetik, tekstil ve diğer ilgili alanlarda uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, α- tokoferol (E vitamini) içerikli mikrokapsüller, jelatin ve arap zamkı polimer karışımları kullanılarak kompleks koaservasyon yöntemi ile oluşturulmuştur. Emülsiyonu oluşturmak için yüzey aktif madde ve mikrokapsül duvarına çözünmezlik özelliği kazandırmak için çapraz bağlayıcı kullanılmıştır. Polimer oranı, yüzey aktif maddenin miktarı, çapraz bağlayıcı miktarı gibi parametrelerin mikrokapsülasyona etkileri incelenmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin morfolojisi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Mikrokapsülasyonu açıklamak ve kimyasal yapısını araştırmak için Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC) gibi analizler yapılmıştır.

In this study, microcapsules with gelatin and gum arabic shell and essence of rose core material were prepared by complex coacervation. The effects of the parameters such as core material type, essence brand, polymer ratio, surfactant quantity and type, cross-linker quantity and type, mixer quantity and type, pH of solution and processes time on microencapsulation were investigated. Essence rose as the most suitable core material, glutaraldehyde as the most suitable cross-linker and 1:1 as the most suitable polymer ratio were determined for flavor microcapsule production. Morphology and formation of microcapsules were investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were carried out to explain the microencapsulation of rose essence and investigate the microcapsule structure chemically, Bu çalışmada, kompleks koaservasyon metodu ile jelatin- arap zamkı duvar materyaline sahip çekirdek materyali gül esansı olan mikrokapsüller üretilmiştir. Çekirdek materyalinin değişimi, esansın markası, polimer oranları, yüzey aktif madde miktarları, yüzey aktif maddenin cinsi, çapraz bağlayıcının cinsi ve miktarı, karıştırıcının tipi ve cinsi, çözelti pH'ı ve proses süresi gibi parametrelerin mikrokapsüllenmeye olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kokulu mikrokapsül üretimi için en uygun çekirdek materyalinin gül esansı, çapraz bağlayıcının glutaraldehit ve en uygun polimer oranlarının 1:1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretimi yapılan mikrokapsüllerin morfoloji ve oluşumları optik mikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca gül kokusunun kapsüllenmesini açıklama ve mikrokapsüllerin yapısını kimyasal olarak incelemek için fourier transform kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektroskopisi (GC-MS) analizleri uygulanmıştır.