273 results on '"Flakus, A"'
Search Results
2. Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)
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Martin Kukwa, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, André Aptroot, and Adam Flakus
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Neotropics ,taxonomy ,Trypetheliales ,Trypetheliaceae ,Ascomycota ,lichenised fungi ,Dothideomycetes ,Fungi ,Astrothelium ,South America ,lichens ,Biota ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Two new species of Astrothelium are described from the Yungas forest in Bolivian Andes. Astrothelium chulumanense is characterised by pseudostromata concolorous with the thallus, perithecia immersed for the most part, with the upper portion elevated above the thallus and covered, except the tops, with orange pigment, apical and fused ostioles, the absence of lichexanthone (but thallus UV+ orange-yellow), clear hamathecium, 8-spored asci and amyloid, large, muriform ascospores with median septa. Astrothelium isidiatum is known only in a sterile state and produces isidia that develop in groups on areoles, but easily break off to reveal a medulla that resembles soralia. Both species, according to the two-locus phylogeny, belong to Astrothelium s.str. The production of isidia is reported from the genus Astrothelium and the family Trypetheliaceae for the first time.
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- 2023
3. Robust quantification of CT‐ventilation biomarker techniques and repeatability in a porcine model
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Mattison J. Flakus, Antonia E. Wuschner, Eric M. Wallat, Wei Shao, Jen Meudt, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Gary E. Christensen, Joseph M. Reinhardt, and John E. Bayouth
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
4. Quantifying robustness of CT-ventilation biomarkers to image noise
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Mattison J. Flakus, Antonia E. Wuschner, Eric M. Wallat, Wei Shao, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Gary E. Christensen, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Ke Li, and John E. Bayouth
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Physiology ,Physiology (medical) - Abstract
Purpose: To quantify the impact of image noise on CT-based lung ventilation biomarkers calculated using Jacobian determinant techniques.Methods: Five mechanically ventilated swine were imaged on a multi-row CT scanner with acquisition parameters of 120 kVp and 0.6 mm slice thickness in static and 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) modes with respective pitches of 1 and 0.09. A range of tube current time product (mAs) values were used to vary image dose. On two dates, subjects received two 4DCTs: one with 10 mAs/rotation (low-dose, high-noise) and one with CT simulation standard of care 100 mAs/rotation (high-dose, low-noise). Additionally, 10 intermediate noise level breath-hold (BHCT) scans were acquired with inspiratory and expiratory lung volumes. Images were reconstructed with and without iterative reconstruction (IR) using 1 mm slice thickness. The Jacobian determinant of an estimated transformation from a B-spline deformable image registration was used to create CT-ventilation biomarkers estimating lung tissue expansion. 24 CT-ventilation maps were generated per subject per scan date: four 4DCT ventilation maps (two noise levels each with and without IR) and 20 BHCT ventilation maps (10 noise levels each with and without IR). Biomarkers derived from reduced dose scans were registered to the reference full dose scan for comparison. Evaluation metrics were gamma pass rate (Γ) with 2 mm distance-to-agreement and 6% intensity criterion, voxel-wise Spearman correlation (ρ) and Jacobian ratio coefficient of variation (CoVJR).Results: Comparing biomarkers derived from low (CTDIvol = 6.07 mGy) and high (CTDIvol = 60.7 mGy) dose 4DCT scans, mean Γ, ρ and CoVJR values were 93% ± 3%, 0.88 ± 0.03 and 0.04 ± 0.009, respectively. With IR applied, those values were 93% ± 4%, 0.90 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.003. Similarly, comparisons between BHCT-based biomarkers with variable dose (CTDIvol = 1.35–7.95 mGy) had mean Γ, ρ and CoVJR of 93% ± 4%, 0.97 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.006 without IR and 93% ± 4%, 0.97 ± 0.03 and 0.03 ± 0.007 with IR. Applying IR did not significantly change any metrics (p>0.05).Discussion: This work demonstrated that CT-ventilation, calculated using the Jacobian determinant of an estimated transformation from a B-spline deformable image registration, is invariant to Hounsfield Unit (HU) variation caused by image noise. This advantageous finding may be leveraged clinically with potential applications including dose reduction and/or acquiring repeated low-dose acquisitions for improved ventilation characterization.
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- 2023
5. Association of short- and long-term metabolic control parameters with personality traits in adult type 1 diabetes treated with personal insulin pumps
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Matejko, Bartłomiej, Morawska-Tota, Małgorzata, Tota, Łukasz, Flakus, Maria, Cyranka, Katarzyna, Kieć-Wilk, Beata, Lushchyk, Maxim, Małecki, Maciej, and Klupa, Tomasz
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- 2023
6. Forecasting the number of species of asexually reproducing fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
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Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Alan J. L. Phillips, Diana Santos Pereira, Dong-Qin Dai, André Aptroot, Josiane S. Monteiro, Irina S. Druzhinina, Feng Cai, Xinlei Fan, Laura Selbmann, Claudia Coleine, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz, Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Patricia Oliveira Fiuza, Paul M. Kirk, Kunhiraman C. Rajesh Kumar, Ilesha S. leperuma Arachchi, Nakarin Suwannarach, Li-Zhou Tang, Teun Boekhout, Chen Shuhui Tan, R. P. Prabath K. Jayasinghe, and Marco Thines
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Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
7. An examination of the factor structure of the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale in clinical and non-clinical samples of Polish women
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Maria Flakus, Hanna Przybyła-Basista, and Krystyna Buszman
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Anorexia Nervosa ,Social Psychology ,Population ,Sample (statistics) ,Assessment ,Anorexia nervosa ,Factor structure ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Body Image ,medicine ,Humans ,Women ,Bulimia Nervosa ,education ,General Psychology ,Applied Psychology ,education.field_of_study ,Bulimia nervosa ,Fear ,medicine.disease ,Factorial structure ,Eating disorders ,Phobic Disorders ,Non clinical ,Scale (social sciences) ,Female ,Poland ,Fear of fat ,Psychology ,Clinical and non-clinical samples ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Although associations between fear of fat and eating disorders (ED) have been frequently studied, it appears that the construct of fear of fat requires in-depth understanding to determine whether it is similar in individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and individuals from the general population. The purpose of our study was to confirm the factor structure of the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) in clinical and non-clinical settings. This issue has not yet been investigated in the literature. Data were collected from 126 female patients diagnosed with ED and a total of 581 women from the general population. Our findings are highly consistent with the original single-factor structure of GFFS but only in the clinical sample. In the non-clinical sample, a good fit to the data has been achieved with a two-factor model composed of Fear of gaining weight and Fear of losing control over eating/weight. The Polish version of GFFS demonstrated good psychometric properties. It can be used as a fast screening tool to identify individuals with eating disorders and those at risk of developing such disorders. We recommend the two-factor model for non-clinical samples and the one-dimensional model for clinical samples for both research and practice.
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- 2022
8. Predictors of the feeling of stress in the aviation sector
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Ślazyk-Sobol, Magdalena, Dobrowolska, Małgorzata, and Flakus, Maria
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Adult ,Male ,4.0 employees ,Emotions ,stress-coping styles ,the feeling of stress ,the feeling of threat ,aviation sector ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,personality traits ,Humans ,Poland ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Aviation ,Workplace - Abstract
Background Employees in the aviation sector constitute an especially interesting professional group due to a lack of empirical data on their psychological functioning, and the fact that this industry is currently experiencing a phase of dynamic development. However, taking into consideration the automation and specific qualities of the sector, human resources should be given much more attention as they are constantly challenged and face diverse difficulties at work while cooperating in various organic and non-organic teams. Material and Methods The study included 326 employees of Pyrzowice (Poland), Szymany (Poland), and Košice (Slovakia) airports (however, people employed at the Polish airports were predominant, N = 250). The average age of the participants was 39.3 years, and the sample was predominantly male (N = 278, 85.3%). During the research procedure, the following questionnaires were used: the Feeling of Threat in the Workplace Questionnaire , the Feeling of Stress Questionnaire , the 10-Item Personality Inventory , and the Mini-COPE Stress Inventory . Results The regression analysis indicated that personality variables did not allow for predicting the level of stress. However, the helplessness-oriented style (β = 0.191, p = 0.004), avoidant behaviors (β = 0.244, p < 0.001), and the feeling of threat (β = 0.147, p = 0.009) were significant predictors of the feeling of stress, and their high level corresponded with a higher level of stress. The final model explained 23% of the total variance in the feeling of stress. Conclusions Based on the results, practical recommendations should concern developing employees’ skills related to monitoring stressors and strengthening proactivity in difficult or threatening situations. Such proactive strategies may decrease the tendency to use avoidant and helplessness-oriented behaviors that may cause a higher level of stress perceived by employees. Also, the authors recommend providing training and support using some cognitive behavioral techniques because it seems that the regular application of those methods supports the development of agency and control while facing challenging situations. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):467–77
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- 2021
9. Research lab for the digital social sciences
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Pokropek, Artur, Flakus, Maria, Koc, Piotr, and Plisiecki, Hubert
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About the use of digital footprints in studying social problems
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- 2022
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10. Skala Współczucia dla Samego Siebie (SCS-PL)
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Dagna Kocur, Maria Flakus, and Małgorzata Fopka-Kowalczyk
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Strategy and Management ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
W ostatnich dwudziestu latach widzimy znaczny wzrost zainteresowania współczuciem dla samego siebie (z ang. self-compassion) w wielu dziedzinach nauk, także w psychologii, pedagogice czy medycynie. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie procesu polskiej adaptacji Skali Współczucia dla Samego Siebie (Self Compassion Scale) autorstwa Kristin Neff. Adaptacja przebiegła w dwóch etapach. Walidacja kulturowa skali polegała na tłumaczeniu skali na język angielski, a następnie tłumaczenia zwrotnego – z języka angielskiego na polski oraz zadbaniu o równoważność fasadową oraz funkcjonalną testu zgodnie z przyjętymi zasadami adaptacji kulturowej skal. Drugim etapem była walidacja psychometryczna skali w oparciu o przeprowadzone badania z udziałem 645 badanych z wykorzystaniem Skali Współczucia dla Samego Siebie (SCS- PL) oraz Metryczki uwzględniającej dane demograficzne badanych takie jak wiek, płeć, miejsce zamieszkania, wykształcenie oraz romantyczne związki. Przeprowadzone badania i uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że polska wersja SCS jest wiarygodną i miarą samowspółczucia. SCS-PL uzyskała w badaniach zadowalające wyniki rzetelności i trafności. Skala może być stosowana do oceny współczucia wobec siebie oraz jego komponentów, zarówno w warunkach klinicznych jak i badawczych
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- 2022
11. Association of short- and long-term metabolic control parameters with personality traits in adult type 1 diabetes treated with personal insulin pumps
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Bartłomiej Matejko, Małgorzata Morawska, Łukasz Tota, Maria Flakus, Katarzyna Cyranka, Beata Kieć-Wilk, Maxim Lushchyk, Maciej Małecki, and Tomasz Klupa
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,General Medicine - Abstract
Cel pracyCelem naszego badania obserwacyjnego było określenie , czy wybrane cechy osobowości są skorelowane ze stopniem wyrównania metabolicznego/czasem trwania cukrzycy u dorosłych pacjentów z T1DM.MetodaDane zebrano od 56 dorosłych pacjentów (40 mężczyzn) z T1DM leczonych w ośrodku o trzecim stopniu referencyjności. Cechy osobowości „Wielkiej Piątki” oceniano za pomocą kwestionariusza “NEO-Five Factor Inventory”. Kilka zmiennych uzyskano po sczytaniu osobistych pomp insulinowych, glukometrów i zaślepionego systemu ciągłego monitorowania glikemii (CGM).WynikiWszystkie cechy osobowości oprócz neurotyczności (niski poziom cechy) wykazywały przeciętne nasilenie. Ugodowość była skorelowana z większością zmiennych uzyskanych z systemu CGM. Większa sumienność wiązała się z dłuższym czasem trwania cukrzycy. Większa neurotyczność korelowała z większą zmiennością glikemii (GV), podczas gdy wysoka ekstrawersja wiązała się z niższym wskaźnikiem GV. Niższa Otwartość była związana z wydłużeniem czasu klinicznie istotnej hipoglikemiiWnioskiNasze badanie sugeruje, że cechy osobowości przejawiają się w indywidualnym podejściu do leczenia cukrzycy i regulacji emocji, co przekłada się również na stosunek do leczenia. Z drugiej strony, ogólne wyniki cech pacjentów z T1DM były zgodne z normami niepsychiatrycznymi dla osób zdrowych, co obala mity i stereotypy sugerujące, że choroba przewlekła jest zwykle związana z psychopatologią.
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- 2022
12. Phylogeny and Ecology of Trebouxia Photobionts From Bolivian Lichens
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Magdalena Kosecka, Martin Kukwa, Agnieszka Jabłońska, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Łucja Ptach, and Beata Guzow-Krzemińska
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Microbiology (medical) ,Microbiology - Abstract
In the past few years, new phylogenetic lineages in Trebouxia were detected as a result of molecular approaches. These studies included symbiont selectivity in lichen communities, transects along altitudinal gradients at local and global scales and the photobiont diversity in local populations of lichen-forming fungal species. In most of these studies, phylogenetic and haplotype analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus have continuously allowed the recognition of new monophyletic lineages, which suggests that still numerous undiscovered Trebouxia lineages can be hidden in lichens from unexplored areas, especially in the tropics. Here, we estimated the biodiversity of photobionts in Bolivian Andean vegetation and assessed their specificity. About 403 lichen samples representing 42 genera, e.g., Haematomma, Heterodermia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Lepra, Leucodermia, Parmotrema, Pertusaria, Polyblastidium, and Usnea, containing Trebouxia photobionts, were analyzed. ITS ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and rbcL markers were used. We obtained Trebouxia sequences from Bolivian samples belonging to already described clades A, C, I, and S. Thirty-nine Trebouxia lineages were distinguished within these clades, while 16 were new. To reveal the structure of the community of Bolivian photobionts and their relationships with mycobionts, the comparative effects of climate, altitude, geographical distances, substrate, and habitat type, as well as functional traits of lichens such as growth forms, propagation mode and secondary metabolites, were analyzed. Furthermore, new Bolivian records were included in analysis on a global scale. In our study, the mycobiont genus or even species are the most important factors correlated with photobiont identity. Moreover, we revealed that the community of Bolivian photobionts is shaped by altitude.
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- 2022
13. New species of Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia suggest a high level of endemism in the Central Andes
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Emilia Anna Ossowska, Bibiana Moncada, Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Sandra Olszewska, and Robert Lücking
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Peltigeraceae ,500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften ,Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen ,pigments ,Fungi ,Biota ,Ascomycota ,Peltigerales ,Lobariaceae ,Lobarioideae ,molecular barcoding ,Lecanoromycetes ,Sticta ,lichens ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Six species of Sticta are described as new to science on the basis of material from Bolivia and supported by phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ITS barcoding marker. The species were resolved in all three of the clades (I, II, III) widespread and common in the Neotropics, as defined in an earlier study on the genus. Comparison with material from neighbouring countries (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) suggests that these new species may be potentially endemic to the Bolivian Yungas ecoregion. For each species, a detailed morphological and anatomical description is given. Sticta amboroensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is a medium-sized green-algal species with laminal to submarginal apothecia with hirsute margins and with light to dark brown lower tomentum. Sticta aymara Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking is a comparatively small cyanobacterial taxon with Nostoc as photobiont, laminal, richly branched, aggregate isidia and a golden to chocolate-brown lower tomentum. The medium-sized, cyanobacterial S. bicellulata Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking has cyanobacterial photobiont, bicellular ascospores, apothecia with white to golden-brown hairs on the margins, K+ violet apothecial margin (ring around disc) and epihymenium and a white to dark brown lower tomentum. In contrast, the green-algal species, S. carrascoensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is characterised by its large size, apothecia with dark brown hairs on the margins and a yellow medulla. The cyanobacterial S. catharinae Ossowska, B. Moncada, Kukwa, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking forms stipitate thalli with Nostoc as photobiont, abundant, laminal to submarginal apothecia and a golden-brown lower tomentum. Finally, the cyanobacterial S. pseudoimpressula Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking produces laminal apothecia with an orange-yellow line of pruina along the margins which reacts K+ carmine-red. In addition to the six new Bolivian taxa, the cyanobacterial S. narinioana B. Moncada, Ossowska & Lücking is described as new from Colombia and it represents the closely-related sister species of the Bolivian S. aymara; it differs from the latter largely in the marginal instead of laminal isidia.
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- 2022
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14. Zuchtmethoden, Leistungs- und Adaptionsfähigkeit von Maispopulationen und Erstellung einer diversen Ausgangspopulation für Wissenschaft, Züchtung und Praxis (Verbundvorhaben)
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Vollenweider, Carl, Neubeck, Kathrin, Eder, Barbara, Flakus, Tobias, Vogt-Kaute, Werner, and Ebert, Ulrich
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Crop husbandry - Abstract
Im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel und die zunehmend auftretenden Wetterextreme könnten offen abblühende heterogene Maispopulationen speziell im ökologischen Landbau Vorteile aufweisen. Die züchterische und wissenschaftliche Bearbeitung dieses Sortentyps findet seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jh. kaum mehr stattfand. Im Vorhaben wurde in fünf Teilprojekten Leistungspotenzial, Robustheit und Anpassungsfähigkeit von Maispopulationen sowie effiziente Zuchtmethoden zu deren Verbesserung untersucht. Die Versuche wurden von 2017- 22 an ökologisch und konventionell bewirtschafteten Standorten in Deutschland durchgeführt. Für Forschung, Züchtung und Wissenschaft wurde eine neue Ausgangspopulation erstellt: (1) Bei den Zuchtmethoden wurde der Einfluss des genetischen Hintergrundes der Ausgangspopulationen deutlich. Bei wenig bearbeitetem Material zeigte die Haploidenmethode die stärkste Wirkung, die rekurrente S1-Familien- und Vollgeschwisterselektion (mit Ertragserhebungen) scheinen für eine effiziente Verbesserung der Populationen dennoch das größte Potenzial aufzuweisen. Die einfache positive Masseauslese führte bei minimalem Aufwand zur Erhaltung der Populationen in deren Eigenschaften und ist in der Praxis zur eigenen Saatgutgewinnung oder Hofsortenentwicklung leicht einsetzbar. (2) Im Mittel erzielten die Populationen maximal 80 % des Kornertrags der Vergleichshybridsorten, nur an einzelnen Standorten und Jahren erreichten sie konkurrenzfähige Erträge. Im ökologischen Anbau zeigten alle Populationen eine höhere Leistungsfähigkeit, welche darauf hindeutet, dass in diesem Anbausystem die genetische Heterogenität besser genutzt werden konnte. (3) Die Anpassung an die Selektionsumwelt und Selektionsbedingungen wurde in kürzester Zeit ertragswirksam. Die Auswahl der Ausgangshybriden zeigte einen starken Einfluss auf die Leistungsfähigkeit der Populationen, eine höhere Anzahl an Genotypen in den Populationen verbesserte in der Tendenz deren Leistungsstabilität. (4) Eine neue Ausgangspopulation - nach den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zusammengestellt - steht für Forschung und Praxis zur weiteren Verwendung zur Verfügung. (5) Ein intensiver Wissenstransfer hat mithilfe von Feldtagen, Workshops, Kurzfilmen und Veröffentlichungen in Fachzeitschriften stattgefunden.
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- 2022
15. Validation of the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale (NAS) - part 2
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Rogoza, Radosław, Fatfouta, Ramzi, Flakus, Maria, and Baran, Lidia
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FOS: Psychology ,Personality and Social Contexts ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
This preregistration contains hypotheses regarding validation of NAS in respect to other between- and within-person constructs.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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16. Development and Validation of the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale (NAS)
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Rogoza, Radosław, Fatfouta, Ramzi, and Flakus, Maria
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Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
This preregistration contains hypotheses regarding validation of NAS in respect to other measures of narcissistic personality and measurement stability.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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17. CT-derived vessel segmentation for analysis of post-radiation therapy changes in vasculature and perfusion
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Antonia E. Wuschner, Mattison J. Flakus, Eric M. Wallat, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Gary E Christensen, Sarah E. Gerard, and John E. Bayouth
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Physiology ,Physiology (medical) - Abstract
Vessel segmentation in the lung is an ongoing challenge. While many methods have been able to successfully identify vessels in normal, healthy, lungs, these methods struggle in the presence of abnormalities. Following radiotherapy, these methods tend to identify regions of radiographic change due to post-radiation therapytoxicities as vasculature falsely. By combining texture analysis and existing vasculature and masking techniques, we have developed a novel vasculature segmentation workflow that improves specificity in irradiated lung while preserving the sensitivity of detection in the rest of the lung. Furthermore, radiation dose has been shown to cause vascular injury as well as reduce pulmonary function post-RT. This work shows the improvements our novel vascular segmentation method provides relative to existing methods. Additionally, we use this workflow to show a dose dependent radiation-induced change in vasculature which is correlated with previously measured perfusion changes (R2 = 0.72) in both directly irradiated and indirectly damaged regions of perfusion. These results present an opportunity to extend non-contrast CT-derived models of functional change following radiation therapy.
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- 2022
18. Can war anxiety levels be predicted from Twitter data? - The Ukraine War case
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Plisiecki, Hubert, Pokropek, Artur, Koc, Piotr, and Flakus, Maria
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FOS: Psychology ,Social Psychology ,Sociology ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
This study is designed to test whether sentiment analysis using Twitter data can predict the level of public anxiety regarding the war in Ukraine measured by classical surveys. In this study, we use two sentiment analysis methods: Latent Semantic Scaling (LSS) and lexicon analysis utilizing affective word norms. Those two methods were selected as the most promising. When their results were initially compared with survey data, they showed a satisfactory compliance level between Twitter and survey data. Therefore, in the next phase, we want to check whether such results are stable across time and if the results of the selected sentiment analysis methods will still be consistent with the Twitter data collected in the future.
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- 2022
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19. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
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Harry Andersson, Annemieke Verbeken, László Nagy, E. S. Popov, L. B. Kalinina, Robert W. Barreto, Philippe Clerc, Alice Cruz Lima da Gerlach, Martin Grube, Xingzhong Liu, Jan Holec, Leticia Pacheco, Ursula Eberhardt, Blanca Imelda Arguello Sosa, Sigvard Svensson, Dania García Sánchez, Dmitry Ageev, Julia Pawłowska, Dennis E. Desjardin, Sara R. Noumeur, James C. Lendemer, Martin Kukwa, Viktor Papp, Isabel Salcedo, Maria Martha Dios, Richard W. Kerrigan, Reinhard Agerer, Jean-Michel Bellanger, Curtis R. Björk, Uwe Braun, François Valade, Víctor J. Rico, Ondřej Koukol, Ingvar Kärnefelt, Barbara Schulz, Attila Koszka, Gro Gulden, E. F. Malysheva, P. Brandon Matheny, Anton Shiryaev, Gerardo Mata, Mehdi Mehrabi, Taiga Kasuya, Tor Tønsberg, Ivana Kušan, Sergey Volobuev, Hans-Otto Baral, Esteri Ohenoja, Martin Kirchmair, Holger Thüs, Marian Jagers, Tuomo Niemelä, Begoña Aguirre-Hudson, J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Måns Svensson, Geir Mathiassen, Anna Rosling, Roy Watling, Meiriele da Silva, Eske De Crop, Ursula Peintner, Claudio Angelini, Mascha Hoffmeister, Vincent Demoulin, Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll, Paul Diederich, Takayuki Aoki, Nicolás Niveiro, Jiří Kout, Asunción Morte, Damien Ertz, Peter R. Johnston, Sergio P. Gorjón, Huzefa A. Raja, Machiel E. Noordeloos, Stellan Sunhede, László Lőkös, Cécile Gueidan, Gérald Gruhn, Bart Buyck, Roy E. Halling, Thomas Læssøe, Neven Matočec, Dan Mahoney, David Boertmann, Carlos G. Boluda, Vera Evenson, Ferenc Pál-Fám, Martin Westberg, Katriina Bendiksen, Jukka Vauras, Jacques Fournier, Martina Réblová, Gabriel Moreno, Yuri K. Novozhilov, Aída M. Vasco-Palacios, Leif Tibell, Deborah Jean Lodge, Miquel À. Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz, Olinto Liparini Pereira, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Michael Loizides, Edit Farkas, Mika Bendiksby, Tanja Böhning, Kadri Pärtel, Lucia Muggia, Brigitte Capoen, Raphaël Herve, Paul S. Dyer, Alberto Altés García, João Luís Baptista-Ferreira, Bella Grishkan, Paul Pirot, Karl Soop, Anna Bérešová-Guttová, Donald H. Pfister, A. Martyn Ainsworth, Uwe Lindemann, Alain Favre, Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos, André De Kesel, Mónica A.G. Otálora, Klaus Høiland, Ellen Larsson, Jens H. Petersen, Meike Piepenbring, Florent Boittin, James K. Mitchell, Zdeněk Palice, Franck Richard, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Nils Hallenberg, Henry J. Beker, Gilles Corriol, Ronald H. Petersen, Melissa Palacio, Ana Esperanza Franco Molano, Mikael Jeppson, Gerardo Lucio Robledo, Egil Bendiksen, V. M. Kotkova, Håkon Holien, Marjo Dam, Pier Luigi Nimis, Yasmina Marin-Felix, Fernando Esteve-Raventós, Ave Suija, André Aptroot, Frank Dämmrich, Mitko Karadelev, Karen W. Hughes, Gladstone Alves da Silva, Emanuele Campo, Reinhard Berndt, Alona Yu. Biketova, Anders Nordin, Juan Manuel Velasco Santos, Josef Hafellner, Marco Thines, Bálint Dima, Grit Walther, Rodham E. Tulloss, Michael J. Richardson, Thomas W. Kuyper, Vladimír Kunca, Ann Bell, Adrien Taudière, Marc Stadler, Tania Raymundo, Per Vetlesen, Guillermo Muñoz González, Seppo Huhtinen, Irmgard Greilhuber, Øyvind Weholt, María Prieto Álvaro, Teun Boekhout, Dagmar Triebel, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Elena Voronina, Zdenko Tkalčec, Christian Lechat, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Joaquina María García-Martín, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Rubén Martínez-Gil, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Evi Weber, Jan Borovička, Anna G. Fedosova, A Fraiture, Ewald Langer, Olga Morozova, Günter Saar, Carlos Lado, Vicent Calatayud, Juan Carlos Zamora, Ibai Olariaga, Francesco Bellù, Paolo Franchi, AnnaElise Jansen, Simón Fos, Matthias Lutz, Veera Tuovinen, István Nagy, Boris Assyov, J. Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra, Andrei Tsurykau, Alfredo Vizzini, Ivona Kautmanová, Mario Filippa, Beatrice Senn-Irlet, Sigisfredo Garnica, Josiane Santana Monteiro, Luis A. Parra, Svengunnar Ryman, Alan M. Fryday, Stip Helleman, Pedro W. Crous, Ruben De Lange, Alexander Ordynets, Giuliana Furci, Guilhermina Marques, Håkan Lindström, Joost A. Stalpers, Luis Quijada, Carlos A. Salvador Montoya, Marina Temina, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Miguel Ulloa Sosa, Joseph F. Ammirati, Heikki Kotiranta, Andreas Frisch, Martin Kříž, Teuvo Ahti, Tommy Knutsson, Tatyana Yu. Svetasheva, Luis Rubio Casas, Maria Alice Neves, Arne Thell, Soili Stenroos, Lajos Benedek, Sten Svantesson, Tine Grebenc, Patrícia Oliveira Fiuza, Tor Erik Brandrud, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Annarosa Bernicchia, T. K. Arun Kumar, Massimo Candusso, Menno W. Boomsluiter, Wolfgang von Brackel, Petr Zehnálek, Hana Ševčíková, Toby Spribille, Vit Hubka, Trond Schumacher, Olivier Raspé, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni, Esteve Llop, Åsa Kruys, Christoffer Bugge Harder, Klaus Siepe, Arne Aronsen, Andrew N. Miller, Laura Noemí Levin, Edgardo Albertó, Israel Pérez-Vargas, Hermann Voglmayr, Genevieve Gates, Bárbara De Madrignac Bonzi, Pradeep K. Divakar, Franz Berger, Natalia A. Ramírez, Per M. Jørgensen, Roland Moberg, Guy Marson, Gábor M. Kovács, Gérard Trichies, Sergio M. Salcedo Martínez, Juan Pablo Esquivel, Lynn Delgat, Juan de Dios Reyes García, Heidi Tamm, Vera Malysheva, Jan-Olof Tedebrand, Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen, Nico Dam, Régis Courtecuisse, Ireneia Melo, Pablo P. Daniëls, Péter Finy, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Brian A. Perry, Brian Douglas, Ana M. Millanes Romero, Hans Josef Schroers, Pieter P. G. van den Boom, Slavomír Adamčík, Serena Lee, Marek Halama, Carlos Urcelay, Margarita Hernández-Restrepo, Philippe Callac, Oleg N. Shchepin, Vladimír Antonín, Gintaras Kantvilas, Else C. Vellinga, Ditte Bandini, Gernot Friebes, Roland Kirschner, Dániel G. Knapp, Boris Ivančević, Orlando Fabian Popoff, Clovis Douanla-Meli, Marcin Piątek, Alica Košuthová, Yury A. Rebriev, Helmut Mayrhofer, Alain Gardiennet, Karen Hansen, Kerry Knudsen, Otto Miettinen, Raquel Pino-Bodas, Shaun R. Pennycook, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, Tatiana Bulyonkova, Jie Chen, Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz, Miroslav Kolařík, Witoon Purahong, Nicolas Van Vooren, Irwin M. Brodo, Esteban Benjamin Sir, Katerina Rusevska, Gerhard Rambold, Christian Printzen, Tim Baroni, Gary Laursen, Csaba Locsmándi, Javier Angel Etayo Salazar, Cristina Rodriguez-Caycedo, Irja Saar, Nadezhda V. Psurtseva, Takashi Shirouzu, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Adam Flakus, Viacheslav Spirin, Sergi Santamaria, Matteo Garbelotto, Alan Orange, Mats Wedin, Andrew S. Methven, Huang Zhang, Guillaume Eyssartier, Michel Hairaud, Hatira Taskin, Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão, Carlos Manuel Pérez del Amo, Martin Bemmann, Ana Rosa Burgaz, Linas Kudzma, Didier Argaud, M. Catherine Aime, Alain Henriot, Walter M. Jaklitsch, Raúl Tena Lahoz, Violeta Atienza, Jorinde Nuytinck, Anna Kiyashko, Patinjareveettil Manimohan, József Geml, Cathy L. Cripps, Viktor Kučera, Francisco Kuhar, Kanad Das, Michael A. Castellano, Giovanni Consiglio, Ana Crespo, Armin Mešić, Leena Myllys, Einar Timdal, Ricardo Valenzuela Garza, Harold H. Burdsall, Enrico Bizio, Mohammad Sohrabi, Eugene Yurchenko, Linda Davies, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Patrice Lainé, Matteo Domenico Carbone, Aurelia Paz, Joaquim Carbó, Henning Knudsen, Thorsten Lumbsch, Caroline Hobart, Göran Thor, Bita Asgari, Matthias Lüderitz, Sanja Tibell, Ulf Arup, Geert Schmidt-Stohn, Urmas Kõljalg, Stefan Ekman, Regulo Carlos Llarena Hernandez, László Albert, Santiago Sánchez-Ramírez, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Anna Ronikier, Isaac Garrido Benavent, Ricardo Galán Márquez, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Evolutionary Phytopathology, Uppsala University, National Central University, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Avenida Padre Claret 7, Partenaires INRAE, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Evolutionary Biology Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Purdue University, Royal Botanic Gardens, Hungarian Mycological Society, Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), SIGNATEC Ltd., Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Washington [Seattle], Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Moravian Museum, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), ABL Herbarium, Auteur indépendant, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Torødveien 54, Lund University [Lund], Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Panoramastr 47, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Blaihofstr. 42, State University of New York (SUNY), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Royal Holloway, University of London, Meise Botanic Garden, 45 Gurney Road, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Naturmusem of Bolzano, Kleingemünderstraße 111, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Oslo (UiO), Szent István University, University of Salzburg, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Via A. Guidotti 39, Institute of Biochemistry, Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, University of British Columbia (UBC), Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Insitute [Utrecht] (WI), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, T.v.Lohuizenstraat 34, Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Canadian Museum of Nature, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Fungal & Decay Diagnostics, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Fundación CEAM, Unité de recherche Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (MycSA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Associazione Micologica Bresadola - Emilia Romagna, Via Ottone Primo 90, Via Don Luigi Sturzo, Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical 'Alejandro de Humboldt', United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande] (MFU), Via C. Ronzani 61, Conservatoire Botanique National de Midi-Pyrénées (CBNMP), Université de Lille, Montana State University (MSU), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Hooischelf 13, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Botanical Survey of India, Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Carlos Zamora, Juan, Svensson, Mån, Kirschner, Roland, Olariaga, Ibai, Ryman, Svengunnar, Alberto Parra, Lui, Geml, József, Rosling, Anna, Adamčík, Slavomír, Ahti, Teuvo, Catherine Aime, M., Martyn Ainsworth, A., Albert, László, Albertó, Edgardo, Altés García, Alberto, Ageev, Dmitry, Agerer, Reinhard, Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña, Ammirati, Joe, Andersson, Harry, Angelini, Claudio, Antonín, Vladimír, Aoki, Takayuki, Aptroot, André, Argaud, Didier, Imelda Arguello Sosa, Blanca, Aronsen, Arne, Arup, Ulf, Asgari, Bita, Assyov, Bori, Atienza, Violeta, Bandini, Ditte, Luís Baptista-Ferreira, João, Baral, Hans-Otto, Baroni, Tim, Weingart Barreto, Robert, Beker, Henry, Bell, Ann, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Bellù, Francesco, Bemmann, Martin, Bendiksby, Mika, Bendiksen, Egil, Bendiksen, Katriina, Benedek, Lajo, Bérešová-Guttová, Anna, Berger, Franz, Berndt, Reinhard, Bernicchia, Annarosa, Biketova, Alona Yu., Bizio, Enrico, Bjork, Curti, Boekhout, Teun, Boertmann, David, Böhning, Tanja, Boittin, Florent, Boluda, Carlos G., Boomsluiter, Menno W., Borovička, Jan, Erik Brandrud, Tor, Braun, Uwe, Brodo, Irwin, Bulyonkova, Tatiana, H. Burdsall Jr., Harold, Buyck, Bart, Rosa Burgaz, Ana, Calatayud, Vicent, Callac, Philippe, Campo, Emanuele, Candusso, Massimo, Capoen, Brigitte, Carbó, Joaquim, Carbone, Matteo, Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F., Castellano, Michael A., Chen, Jie, Clerc, Philippe, Consiglio, Giovanni, Corriol, Gille, Courtecuisse, Régi, Crespo, Ana, Cripps, Cathy, Crous, Pedro W., Alves da Silva, Gladstone, da Silva, Meiriele, Dam, Marjo, Dam, Nico, Dämmrich, Frank, Das, Kanad, Davies, Linda, De Crop, Eske, De Kesel, Andre, De Lange, Ruben, De Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara, dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E., Delgat, Lynn, Demoulin, Vincent, Desjardin, Dennis E., Diederich, Paul, Dima, Bálint, Martha Dios, Maria, Kumar Divakar, Pradeep, Douanla-Meli, Clovi, Douglas, Brian, Ricardo Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro, Dyer, Paul S., Eberhardt, Ursula, Ertz, Damien, Esteve-Raventós, Fernando, Angel Etayo Salazar, Javier, Evenson, Vera, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Farkas, Edit, Favre, Alain, Fedosova, Anna G., Filippa, Mario, Finy, Péter, Flakus, Adam, Fos, Simón, Fournier, Jacque, Fraiture, André, Franchi, Paolo, Esperanza Franco Molano, Ana, Friebes, Gernot, Frisch, Andrea, Fryday, Alan, Furci, Giuliana, Galán Márquez, Ricardo, Garbelotto, Matteo, María García-Martín, Joaquina, García Otálora, Mónica A., García Sánchez, Dania, Gardiennet, Alain, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Garrido Benavent, Isaac, Gates, Genevieve, da Cruz Lima Gerlach, Alice, Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh, Gibertoni, Tatiana B., Grebenc, Tine, Greilhuber, Irmgard, Grishkan, Bella, Groenewald, Johannes Z., Grube, Martin, Gruhn, Gérald, Gueidan, Cécile, Gulden, Gro, FP Gusmão, Lui, Hafellner, Josef, Hairaud, Michel, Halama, Marek, Hallenberg, Nil, Halling, Roy E., Hansen, Karen, Bugge Harder, Christoffer, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Helleman, Stip, Henriot, Alain, Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita, Herve, Raphaël, Hobart, Caroline, Hoffmeister, Mascha, Høiland, Klau, Holec, Jan, Holien, Håkon, Hughes, Karen, Hubka, Vit, Huhtinen, Seppo, Ivančević, Bori, Jagers, Marian, Jaklitsch, Walter, Jansen, Annaelise, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, Thoma, Jeppson, Mikael, Johnston, Peter, Magnus Jørgensen, Per, Kärnefelt, Ingvar, Kalinina, Liudmila B., Kantvilas, Gintara, Karadelev, Mitko, Kasuya, Taiga, Kautmanová, Ivona, Kerrigan, Richard W., Kirchmair, Martin, Kiyashko, Anna, Knapp, Dániel G., Knudsen, Henning, Knudsen, Kerry, Knutsson, Tommy, Kolařík, Miroslav, Kõljalg, Urma, Košuthová, Alica, Koszka, Attila, Kotiranta, Heikki, Kotkova, Vera, Koukol, Ondřej, Kout, Jiří, Kovács, Gábor M., Kříž, Martin, Kruys, Åsa, Kučera, Viktor, Kudzma, Lina, Kuhar, Francisco, Kukwa, Martin, Arun Kumar, T. K., Kunca, Vladimír, Kušan, Ivana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Lado, Carlo, Læssøe, Thoma, Lainé, Patrice, Langer, Ewald, Larsson, Ellen, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Laursen, Gary, Lechat, Christian, Lee, Serena, Lendemer, James C., Levin, Laura, Lindemann, Uwe, Lindström, Håkan, Liu, Xingzhong, Carlos Llarena Hernandez, Regulo, Llop, Esteve, Locsmándi, Csaba, Jean Lodge, Deborah, Loizides, Michael, Lőkös, László, Luangsa-ard, Jennifer, Lüderitz, Matthia, Lumbsch, Thorsten, Lutz, Matthia, Mahoney, Dan, Malysheva, Ekaterina, Malysheva, Vera, Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Marin-Felix, Yasmina, Marques, Guilhermina, Martínez-Gil, Rubén, Marson, Guy, Mata, Gerardo, Brandon Matheny, P., Harald Mathiassen, Geir, Matočec, Neven, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Mehrabi, Mehdi, Melo, Ireneia, Mešić, Armin, Methven, Andrew S., Miettinen, Otto, Millanes Romero, Ana M., Miller, Andrew N., Mitchell, James K., Moberg, Roland, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Moreno, Gabriel, Morozova, Olga, Morte, Asunción, Muggia, Lucia, Muñoz González, Guillermo, Myllys, Leena, Nagy, István, Nagy, László G., Alice Neves, Maria, Niemelä, Tuomo, Nimis, Pierluigi, Niveiro, Nicola, Noordeloos, Machiel E., Nordin, Ander, Raouia Noumeur, Sara, Novozhilov, Yuri, Nuytinck, Jorinde, Ohenoja, Esteri, Oliveira Fiuza, Patricia, Orange, Alan, Ordynets, Alexander, Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz, Pacheco, Leticia, Pál-Fám, Ferenc, Palacio, Melissa, Palice, Zdeněk, Papp, Viktor, Pärtel, Kadri, Pawlowska, Julia, Paz, Aurelia, Peintner, Ursula, Pennycook, Shaun, Liparini Pereira, Olinto, Pérez Daniëls, Pablo, Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Miquel À., Manuel Pérez del Amo, Carlo, Pérez Gorjón, Sergio, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Pérez-Vargas, Israel, Perry, Brian A., Petersen, Jens H., Petersen, Ronald H., Pfister, Donald H., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Piątek, Marcin, Piepenbring, Meike, Pino-Bodas, Raquel, Pablo Pinzón Esquivel, Juan, Pirot, Paul, Popov, Eugene S., Popoff, Orlando, Prieto Álvaro, María, Printzen, Christian, Psurtseva, Nadezhda, Purahong, Witoon, Quijada, Lui, Rambold, Gerhard, Ramírez, Natalia A., Raja, Huzefa, Raspé, Olivier, Raymundo, Tania, Réblová, Martina, Rebriev, Yury A., de Dios Reyes García, Juan, Ángel Ribes Ripoll, Miguel, Richard, Franck, Richardson, Mike J., Rico, Víctor J., Lucio Robledo, Gerardo, Rodrigues Barbosa, Flavia, Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina, Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela, Ronikier, Anna, Rubio Casas, Lui, Rusevska, Katerina, Saar, Günter, Saar, Irja, Salcedo, Isabel, Salcedo Martínez, Sergio M., Salvador Montoya, Carlos A., Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago, Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra, J., Santamaria, Sergi, Santana Monteiro, Josiane, Josef Schroers, Han, Schulz, Barbara, Schmidt-Stohn, Geert, Schumacher, Trond, Senn-Irlet, Beatrice, Ševčíková, Hana, Shchepin, Oleg, Shirouzu, Takashi, Shiryaev, Anton, Siepe, Klau, Sir, Esteban B., Sohrabi, Mohammad, Soop, Karl, Spirin, Viacheslav, Spribille, Toby, Stadler, Marc, Stalpers, Joost, Stenroos, Soili, Suija, Ave, Sunhede, Stellan, Svantesson, Sten, Svensson, Sigvard, Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu., Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Tamm, Heidi, Taskin, Hatira, Taudière, Adrien, Tedebrand, Jan-Olof, Tena Lahoz, Raúl, Temina, Marina, Thell, Arne, Thines, Marco, Thor, Göran, Thüs, Holger, Tibell, Leif, Tibell, Sanja, Timdal, Einar, Tkalčec, Zdenko, Tønsberg, Tor, Trichies, Gérard, Triebel, Dagmar, Tsurykau, Andrei, Tulloss, Rodham E., Tuovinen, Veera, Ulloa Sosa, Miguel, Urcelay, Carlo, Valade, Françoi, Valenzuela Garza, Ricardo, van den Boom, Pieter, Van Vooren, Nicola, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M., Vauras, Jukka, Manuel Velasco Santos, Juan, Vellinga, Else, Verbeken, Annemieke, Vetlesen, Per, Vizzini, Alfredo, Voglmayr, Hermann, Volobuev, Sergey, von Brackel, Wolfgang, Voronina, Elena, Walther, Grit, Watling, Roy, Weber, Evi, Wedin, Mat, Weholt, Øyvind, Westberg, Martin, Yurchenko, Eugene, Zehnálek, Petr, Zhang, Huang, Zhurbenko, Mikhail P., Ekman, Stefan, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute [Utrecht] (WI), Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève (CJBG), Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Plant Biology, Tuula Niskanen / Principal Investigator, Botany, Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology, IMT Lille Douai, Institut Catholique Lille, Univ. Artois, IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine (IMPECS) - EA 4483, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,POSITIVE SELECTION ,Biologisk systematik ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 ,Speciation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,IMC11 ,nomenclature ,speciation ,taxonomy ,typification ,voucherless fungi ,Biodiversity ,voucherless fung ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Systematisk botanikk: 493 ,Biological Systematics ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470 [VDP] ,01 natural sciences ,Voucherless fungi ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Typification ,Environmental DNA ,CY3-LABELED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES ,Nomenclature ,ta119 ,GENE TREES ,1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology ,Soil Biology ,FRESH-WATER FUNGI ,PE&RC ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER ,FUNGAL PHYLOGENY ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Taxonomy (biology) ,RIBOSOMAL-RNA ,INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY ,Biology ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470::Genetics and genomics: 474 ,010603 evolutionary biology ,OPERATIONAL TAXONOMIC UNITS ,DNA sequencing ,Article ,SPECIES DELIMITATION ,03 medical and health sciences ,IMC11 nomenclature ,Internal transcribed spacer ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Bodembiologie ,Taxonomy ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Systematic botany: 493 ,Biology and Life Sciences ,IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION ,CY3-LABELED ,Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie ,voucherless ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxon ,Evolutionary biology ,Laboratory of Phytopathology ,ta1181 ,BIODIVERSITY ,fungi ,OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES - Abstract
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN. Publisher’s Note A first version of this text was prepared by the first eight authors and the last one, given here. The other listed co-authors in the article PDF support the content, and their actual contributions varied from only support to additions that substantially improved the content. The full details of all co-authors, with their affiliations, are included in Supplementary Table 1 after p.175 of the article for reasons of clarity and space. Slavomír Adamčík Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia Teuvo Ahti Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland M. Catherine Aime Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A. A. Martyn Ainsworth Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom László Albert Hungarian Mycological Society, 1087 Könyves Kálmán krt. 40, Budapest, Hungary Edgardo Albertó Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martin-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina Alberto Altés García Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Dmitry Ageev SIGNATEC Ltd., 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok (Novosibirsk Scientific Center), Inzhenernaya str., 22, Russia Reinhard Agerer Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany Begona Aguirre-Hudson Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom Joe Ammirati University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, U.S.A. Harry Andersson Eichhahnweg 29a, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany Claudio Angelini Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Vladimír Antonín Moravian Museum, Zeny trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic Takayuki Aoki Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan André Aptroot ABL Herbarium, G.v.d.Veenstraat 107, 3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands Didier Argaud 40 rue du Justemont, 57290 Fameck, France Blanca Imelda Arguello Sosa Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico Arne Aronsen Torødveien 54, 3135 Torød, Norway Ulf Arup Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden Bita Asgari Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran Boris Assyov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Violeta Atienza Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain Ditte Bandini Panoramastr 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany João Luís Baptista-Ferreira Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal Hans-Otto Baral Blaihofstr. 42, 72074 Tübingen, Germany Tim Baroni The State University of New York, 340 Bowers Hall, P.O. Box 2000, Cortland, New York 13045, U.S.A. Robert Weingart Barreto Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Henry Beker (1) Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom; (2) Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium Ann Bell 45 Gurney Road, Lower Hutt, New Zealand Jean-Michel Bellanger CEFE UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France Francesco Bellù Naturmusem of Bolzano, CP 104, 39100, Bolzano, Italy Martin Bemmann Kleingemünderstraße 111, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany Mika Bendiksby NTNU, University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Egil Bendiksen Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway Katriina Bendiksen Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. 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Bart Buyck Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Ana Rosa Burgaz Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain Vicent Calatayud Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain Philippe Callac INRA, MycSA, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France Emanuele Campo Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Via Alessandro Volta 46, 38123 Trento, Italy Massimo Candusso Via Ottone Primo 90, 17021, Alassio, Savona, Italy Brigitte Capoen Queffioec, rue de Saint Gonval, 22710 Penvenan, France Joaquim Carbó Roser, 60, 17257 Torroella de Montgrí, Girona, Spain Matteo Carbone Via Don Luigi Sturzo 173 16148 Genova, Italy Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura, Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt’, OSDE, Grupo Agrícola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana 17200, Cuba Michael A. 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Popov Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia Orlando Popoff Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, Corrientes Capital, Argentina María Prieto Álvaro Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain Christian Printzen Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Abteilung Botanik und Molekulare Evolutionsforschung, Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Nadezhda Psurtseva Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia Witoon Purahong Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH — UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany Luis Quijada Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. 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Rebriev Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Chehova str., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia Juan de Dios Reyes García Paseo Virgen de Linarejos 6 2 D, Linares, Jaen, Spain Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll Avda. Pablo Neruda 120 F, 2°D, 28018 Madrid, Spain Franck Richard CEFE UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France Mike J. Richardson Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom Víctor J. Rico Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain Gerardo Lucio Robledo Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil Cristina Rodriguez-Caycedo UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A. Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Krakow, Poland Anna Ronikier W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Krakow, Poland Luis Rubio Casas Ul. Andrieja Sacharowa 1/1, 30-806 Kraków, Poland Katerina Rusevska Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Günter Saar Dammenmühle 7, 77933 Lahr-Sulz, Germany Irja Saar Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, 40 Lai Street, Tartu 51005, Estonia Isabel Salcedo University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain Sergio M. Salcedo Martínez Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL. Ave. Pedro de Alba s/n esq. Manuel Barragán Cd. 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Sergi Santamaria Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Despatx C1/331, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain Josiane Santana Monteiro Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil Hans Josef Schroers Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Barbara Schulz Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany Geert Schmidt-Stohn Burgstr. 25, 29553 Bienenbüttel, Germany Trond Schumacher University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway Beatrice Senn-Irlet RU Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Hana Ševčíková Moravian Museum, Zeny trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic Oleg Shchepin Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia Takashi Shirouzu Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan Anton Shiryaev Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620144 Ekaterinburg, 8 March str., 202/3, Russia Klaus Siepe Geeste 133, 46342 Velen, Germany Esteban B. Sir Fundación Miguel Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina Mohammad Sohrabi Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran Karl Soop Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Viacheslav Spirin Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Toby Spribille University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada Marc Stadler Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Joost Stalpers Torenlaan 43, 3742CR Baarn, The Netherlands Soili Stenroos Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Ave Suija Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, 40 Lai Street, Tartu 51005, Estonia Stellan Sunhede Hökaskog Sandbacken 1, 533 92 Lundsbrunn, Sweden Sten Svantesson University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden Sigvard Svensson Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden Tatyana Yu. Svetasheva (1) Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; (2) Department of Technologies of Living Systems, Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Lenin ave. 125, Tula, 300026, Russia Krzysztof Świerkosz Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, ul. H. 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Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Holger Thüs State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany Leif Tibell Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden Sanja Tibell Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden Einar Timdal Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway Zdenko Tkalčec Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Tor Tønsberg University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway Gérard Trichies 5, impasse des Écoles S7700 Neufchef, France Dagmar Triebel Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany Andrei Tsurykau (1) F. Skorina Gomel State University, Sovetskaja Str. 104, 246019 Gomel, Belarus; (2) Institute of Natural Sciences, Samara National Research University, Moskovskoye shosse 34, 443086 Samara, Russia Rodham E. Tulloss Herbarium Amanitarum Rooseveltensis, P. O. 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Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy Hermann Voglmayr University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria Sergey Volobuev Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia Wolfgang von Brackel Kirchenweg 2, 91341 Röttenbach, Germany Elena Voronina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia Grit Walther Arvid-Harnack-Str. 4, 07743 Jena, Germany Roy Watling Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom Evi Weber Blaihofstr. 42, 72074 Tübingen, Germany Mats Wedin Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Øyvind Weholt Nord University, Nesna, 8700 Nesna, Norway Martin Westberg Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden Eugene Yurchenko Polessky State University, Dnyaprouskai flatylii str. 23, 225710, Pinsk, Belarus Petr Zehnálek Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic Huang Zhang Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, China Mikhail P. Zhurbenko Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia The following institutions are also supporting the present text (institutional support means that committees from the mentioned) Asociación Micológica Carlos Spegazzini (Argentina) Austrian Mycological Society (Austria) Croatian Mycological Society (Croatia) Committee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Czech Republic) The Netherlands Mycological Society (The Netherlands) Sociedad Española de Liquenología (Portugal/Spain) Iberian Mycological Society (which is under constitution, Portugal/Spain) Federación de Asociaciones Micológicas Andaluzas (FAMA) (Spain) Asociación Botánica y Micológica de Jaén (Spain) Asociación Micológica Hispalense Muscaria (Spain) Societat Micològica Valenciana (Spain)
- Published
- 2018
20. Metrics of dose to highly ventilated lung are predictive of radiation-induced pneumonitis in lung cancer patients
- Author
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Mattison J. Flakus, Sean P. Kent, Eric M. Wallat, Antonia E. Wuschner, Erica Tennant, Poonam Yadav, Adam Burr, Menggang Yu, Gary E Christensen, Joseph M. Reinhardt, John E. Bayouth, and Andrew M. Baschnagel
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hematology - Published
- 2023
21. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa
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David L. Hawksworth, R. G. U. Jayalal, L. F. Zhang, G. A. da Silva, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Kazuaki Tanaka, Saranyaphat Boonmee, I. V. Issi, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Rajesh Jeewon, Oleg N. Shchepin, J. Ma, Fritz Oehl, P. B. Gannibal, Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar, A. A. Lateef, Ting-Chi Wen, L. K. T. Al-Ani, Kevin D. Hyde, Armin Mešić, Hans-Peter Grossart, Gabriela Heredia, Roshni Khare, Einar Timdal, Shubhi Avasthi, F. A. de Souza, Mounes Bakhshi, Richard A. Humber, Subhash Gaikwad, Dmitry V. Leontyev, Noha H. Youssef, Alexandre G. S. Silva-Filho, Sudhir Navathe, María Prieto, Marco Thines, Paul M. Kirk, Yuri Tokarev, Marc Stadler, P. O. Fiuza, André Aptroot, Damien Ertz, Monika C. Dayarathne, Julia Pawłowska, P. Liu, H. T. Lumbsch, Peter E. Mortimer, Elaine Malosso, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Belle Damodara Shenoy, Huzefa A. Raja, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko, Somayeh Dolatabadi, Jos Houbraken, S. Mohammad, Zdenko Tkalčec, Andrei Tsurykau, Rampai Kodsueb, Mubashar Raza, Darbhe J. Bhat, Dsa Wijesundara, Jadson D. P. Bezerra, Javier Etayo, Walter P. Pfliegler, Leho Tedersoo, Jurga Motiejunaite, James D. Lawrey, Felipe Wartchow, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Laura Selbmann, Sinang Hongsanan, Gothamie Weerakoon, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz, Francis Q. Brearley, Enikő Horváth, R. L Zhao, B. O. Sharma, Y. Wang, Iván Sánchez-Castro, Martin Schnittler, Steven L. Stephenson, Y. Kang, Renate Radek, Eleni Gentekaki, Dagmar Triebel, F. R. Barbosa, Martina Réblová, Q. R. Li, Sayanh Somrithipol, Y. M. Li, D. K. A. Silva, L. Z. Tang, Hugo Madrid, Asha J. Dissanayake, Satinee Suetrong, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Mingkwan Doilom, E. S. Nassonova, J. C. Cavender, Neven Matočec, A. L. Firmino, R. K. Saxena, Olinto Liparini Pereira, J. Xu, V. Vázquez, M. Q. He, Xinlei Fan, Khadija Jobim, Martin Kukwa, Andrey Yurkov, R. F. Xu, K. Kolaríková, Lakmali S. Dissanayake, P. Alvarado, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Dong-Qin Dai, Qing Tian, Ulrike Damm, D. W. Li, Pradeep K. Divakar, Jian-Kui Liu, Ajay Kumar Gautam, Viktor Papp, Peter M. Letcher, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, E. Kuhnert, F. Tian, I. Kusan, Makbule Erdoğdu, Alejandra Gabriela Becerra, B. T. Goto, Eric W.A. Boehm, K. Bensch, Sally C. Fryar, Yuri K. Novozhilov, Han Zhang, V. P. Hustad, André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago, Danny Haelewaters, Gregorio Delgado, V. Dima, C. Y. Deng, Y. Z. Lu, Moslem Papizadeh, Ave Suija, Janusz Błaszkowski, Paul G. Mungai, Bryce Kendrick, Leonor Costa Maia, Gerhard Rambold, Adam Flakus, Alan J. L. Phillips, Josiane Santana Monteiro, Susumu Takamatsu, Ziraat Fakültesi, Makbule Erdoğdu / 0000-0001-8255-2041, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Qujing Normal University, Abhilashi University, Jiwaji University, National Science and Technology Development Agency -NSTDA, University of Oslo, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, FRANCISCO ADRIANO DE SOUZA, CNPMS, Agroscope, Competence Div Plants & Plant Prod., Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, University of Ilorin, Kunming Institute of Botany, Mae Fah Luang University, ALVALAB, Shenzhen University, Hirosaki University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Leibnitz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB, University of Tartu, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Mauritius, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, University of Sri Lanka, K?r?ehir Ahi Evran University, Leibniz Institute, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Goethe University., USDA-ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research, University of South Bohemia, National Fungal Culture Collection of India -NFCCI, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, University Road, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Universidade de Lisboa, University of Tuscia, University of Debrecen, Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Freie Universität Berlin, Szent István University, Eötvös Loránd University, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Flinders University, EMLab P&K Houston, Academy of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Sabzevar University of New Technology, University of Warsaw, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Universidad de Granada, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre, Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en AgriculturaTropical, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency - NSTDA, Guizhou University, Valley Laboratory, Ru?er Boškovi? Institute, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Instituto de Ecolog? 'a A. C., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Oklahoma State University, Northwest Missouri State University, George Mason University, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, The Natural History Museum, IES Zizur, Skorina Gomel State University, University of Málaga, Kenya Wildlife Service, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Guizhou Medical University, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Manchester Metropolitan University, Nature Research Centre, Agharkar Research Institute, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Szafer Institute of Botany, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Jilin Agricultural University, Ohio University, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology -IROST, Guizhou Academy of Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Beijing Forestry University, Leibniz University, Leibnitz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries -IGB, University of Baghdad, The University of Alabama, University of Arkansas, Botanic Garden Meise, The Field Museum, University of Gda?sk, Universidad Mayor, Mie University, Universität of Bayreuth, and Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns
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Plant Science ,Blastocladiomycota ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Glomeromycota ,Genus ,Neopereziida ,Amblyosporida ord. nov ,0303 health sciences ,Ascomycota ,biology ,ord. nov ,Basal clades ,Classification ,FOUR NEW TAXA ,GEN. NOV ,CELLULAR SLIME-MOLDS ,POLAR TUBE ,SP.-NOV ,Leotiomycetes ,four new taxa ,ascomycota ,basal clades ,basidiomycota ,classification ,emendation ,microsporidia ,Neopereziida ord. nov ,Ovavesiculida ord. nov ,Protosporangiaceae fam. nov ,Redonographaceae stat nov ,MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY ,Four new taxa ,BASAL CLADES ,GENERIC NAMES ,CLASSIFICATION ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,MICROSPORIDIAN ,NATURAL CLASSIFICATION ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Fungo ,Entomophthoromycota ,Phylum ,Basidiomycota ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Emendation ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,SUB-ANTARCTIC ISLANDS ,Microsporidia ,Polar tube ,SP-NOV ,Amblyosporidae ,LEVEL PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class-, order- and family-level. The described number of species per genus is also given. Notes are provided of taxa for which recent changes or disagreements have been presented. Fungus-like taxa that were traditionally treated as fungi are also incorporated in this outline (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes). Four new taxa are introduced: Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov. and Ovavesiculida ord. nov. in Rozellomycota, and Protosporangiaceae fam. nov. in Dictyosteliomycetes. Two different classifications (in outline section and in discussion) are provided for Glomeromycota and Leotiomycetes based on recent studies. The phylogenetic reconstruction of a four-gene dataset (18S and 28S rRNA, RPB1, RPB2) of 433 taxa is presented, including all currently described orders of fungi., Nalin N. Wijayawardene thanks Mushroom Research Foundation and National Science Foundation of China (No. NSFC 31950410558) for financially supporting this project. Kevin D. Hyde acknowledges the Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province, Foreign Talents Program (2018; grant no. YNZ2018002), Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans (grant no: RSA5980068), the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate: baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants, Rhododendron species and Dracaena species (grant no: DBG6080013), Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion (grant no: RDG6130001). H.T. Lumbsch thanks support by the Grainger Bioinformatics Center. E. Malosso is grateful to CAPES for financial support (grant no. 88881.062172/2014-01). B.T. Goto, G.A. Silva and K. Jobim, L.C. Maia acknowledges CNPq (Brazilian Scientific Council, grants no. 465.420/2014-1, 307.129/2015-2 and 408011/2016-5) and CAPES for support. The study was partially supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, under Grants No. 2015/17/D/NZ8/00778 and 2017/25/B/NZ8/00473 to Julia Pawłowska. The research of Martin Kukwa received support from the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland (project no 2015/17/B/NZ8/02441). Alan J.L. Phillips acknowledges the support from UID/MULTI/04046/2019 Research Unit grant from FCT, Portugal to BioISI. H. Zhang is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project ID: NSF 31500017). S. Boonmee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund (Project No. TRG6180001). Dong-Qin Dai and Li-Zhou Tang would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. NSFC 31760013, NSFC 31260087, NSFC 31460561), the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2017ZZX186) and the Thousand Talents Plan, Youth Project of Yunnan Provinces for support. R. Phookamsak, M. Doilom, D. N. Wanasinghe, S.C. Karunarathna and J.C. Xu express sincere appreciations to Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. QYZDY-SSW-SMC014) for research financial support. R. Phookamsak thanks the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (grant no. Y836181261), Chiang Mai University and National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project code 31850410489 for research financial support. S.C. Kaunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for funding his postdoctoral research (No. 2018PC0006) and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for funding this work under the project code 31851110759. S. Tibpromma would like to thank the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (number Y9180822S1), CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) (number 2020PC0009), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and the Yunnan Human Resources, and Social Security Department Foundation for funding her postdoctoral research. Yuri S. Tokarev, Elena S. Nassonova and Irma V. Issi are indebtful to Yuliya Y. Sokolova (Institute of Cytology RAS, St. Petersbug, Russia) and Anastasia V. Simakova (Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia) for kind permission of reproduction of electron microscopy images of Metchnikovella incurvata and Crepidulospora beklemishevi, respectively. Yuri S. Tokarev and Irma V. Issi thank Russian Foundation of Basic Research, grant number 17-04-00871 (taxonomy of Rozellomycota). Elena S. Nassonova thank Russian Foundation of Basic Research, grant number 18-04-01359 (early evolution of Microsporidia, phylogeny of Metchnikovellida). Adam Flakus and Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus are greatly indebted to all staff of the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz and the SERNAP (http://sernap.gob.bo), for their generous cooperation providing permits, assistance and facilities support for scientific studies. The research of AF and PRF were financially supported by the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland (DEC-2013/11/D/NZ8/03274). Adam Flakus and Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus received additional support under statutory funds from the W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland. The authors would like to thank Yunnan Innovation Platform for Development and Utilization of Symbiotic Fungi Resources for finance support. Li-Fang Zhang would like to thank grant-in-aid from Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (2018FD080) for finance support. Chun-Ying Deng thanks the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China (2019HJ2096001006). Yingqian Kang would like to thank Guizhou Scientific Plan Project [(2019) 2873]; Excellent Youth Talent Training Project of Guizhou Province [(2017) 5639]; Guiyang Science and Technology Project [(2017) No. 5-19]; Talent Base Project of Guizhou Province, China [FCJD2018-22]; Research Fund of Education Bureau of Guizhou Province, China [(2018) 481]. D. N. Wanasinghe would like to thank the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for funding his postdoctoral research (number 2019PC0008), the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants: 41761144055, 41771063 and Y4ZK111B01. Yuri K. Novozhilov and Oleg N. Shchepin acknowledge support from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, project 18-04-01232 А. Ivana Kušan, Neven Matočec, Armin Mešić and Zdenko Tkalčec are grateful to Croatian Science Foundation for their financial support under the project grant HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736 (ForFungiDNA). K. Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS 19K06802)
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- 2020
22. Phylogenetic placement of Leptosphaeria polylepidis, a pathogen of Andean endemic Polylepis tarapacana, and its newly discovered mycoparasite Sajamaea mycophila gen. et sp. nov
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Marcin Piątek, Alejandra I. Domic, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Adam Flakus, M. Isabel Gómez, and Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus
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0303 health sciences ,Polylepis ,biology ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Leptosphaeria ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Conidiomata ,Intergenic region ,Phylogenetics ,Pleosporales ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Leptosphaeriaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Polylepis tarapacana forms one of the highest-altitude woodlands worldwide. Its populations are experiencing a decline due to unsustainable land-use practices, climate change, and fungal infection. In Sajama National Park in Bolivia, Polylepis tarapacana is affected by a disease caused by the pleosporalean fungus Leptosphaeria polylepidis, recently described in 2005. In this study, the integrative morphological and molecular analyses using sequences from multiple DNA loci showed that it belongs to the genus Paraleptosphaeria (Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). Accordingly, the appropriate new combination, Paraleptosphaeria polylepidis, is made. Pseudothecia of Pa. polylepidis were found to be overgrown by enigmatic conidiomata that were not reported in the original description of this fungus. Morphological and molecular analyses using sequences from two DNA loci revealed that they belong to an undescribed genus and species in the family Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales). The new generic and specific names, Sajamaea and S. mycophila, are introduced for this unusual fungus.
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- 2020
23. Biodiversity assessment of ascomycetes inhabiting Lobariella lichens in Andean cloud forests led to one new family, three new genera and 13 new species of lichenicolous fungi
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Martin Kukwa, François Lutzoni, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Javier Etayo, Adam Flakus, Jolanta Miadlikowska, and Natalia Matura
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0106 biological sciences ,Cloud forest ,Systematics ,0303 health sciences ,Biodiversity assessment ,biology ,Ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lobariella ,Plant science ,Geography ,Phylogenetics ,Lichen ,Pezizomycotina - Abstract
Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus Lobariella (Peltigerales), one of the most important lichen hosts in the Andean cloud forests. Based on molecular and morphological data, three new genera are introduced: Lawreyella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae, for Unguiculariopsis lobariella), Neobaryopsis gen. nov. (Cordycipitaceae), and Pseudodidymocyrtis gen. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae). Nine additional new species are described (Abrothallus subhalei sp. nov., Atronectria lobariellae sp. nov., Corticifraga microspora sp. nov., Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata sp. nov., Lichenotubeufia cryptica sp. nov., Neobaryopsis andensis sp. nov., Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae sp. nov., Rhagadostomella hypolobariella sp. nov., and Xylaria lichenicola sp. nov.). Phylogenetic placements of 13 lichenicolous species are reported here for Abrothallus, Arthonia, Globonectria, Lawreyella, Monodictys, Neobaryopsis, Pseudodidymocyrtis, Sclerococcum, Trichonectria and Xylaria. The name Sclerococcum ricasoliae comb. nov. is reestablished for the neotropical populations formerly named S. lobariellum (Sclerococcales). A key to sexual and asexual states of 40 species of lobariellicolous ascomycetous fungi is provided. Teleomorph-anamorph connections were established for several species using molecular methods and/or visual observations in nature. Additionally, we found that the anamorphic species Cornutispora ophiurospora inhabiting Lobariella was often accompanied by ascomata of Spirographa. Results of phylogenetic analyses, including newly generated sequences of several Cornutispora and Spirographa species inhabiting various host lichens, support the conclusion that Cornutispora is a synonym of Spirographa. Our Maximum Likelihood inference based on multiple loci show that all studied Spirographa (including Cornutispora) belong to a new lineage within Ostropales. Based on these highly supported phylogenetic placements and the distinct character states of their conidiomata, in comparison with other Lecanoromycetes, a new family is proposed – Spirographaceae fam. nov. This new lineage includes broadly distributed mycoparasites, inhabiting various lichen and fungal hosts, and representing an early diversification event preceding the lichen-forming clade of Fissurinaceae, Gomphillaceae and Graphidaceae. Two lichenicolous species, Asteroglobulus giselae and Pleoscutula arsenii, were found to be nested within the Spirographa clade, and their teleomorph-anamorph connections were confirmed based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This phylogenetic result is corroborated by their highly similar ascomata anatomy. Together these results strongly indicate that both species are congeneric with Spirographa. As a result, four new species (S. aggregata sp. nov., S. galligena sp. nov., S. maroneae sp. nov., and S. parmotrematis sp. nov.) and 15 new combinations are proposed (Spirographa ascaridiella comb. nov., S. arsenii comb. nov., S. ciliata comb. nov., S. giselae comb. nov., S. herteliana comb. nov., S. hypotrachynae comb. nov., S. intermedia comb. nov., S. lichenicola comb. nov., S. limaciformis comb. nov., S. ophiurospora comb. nov., S. pittii comb. nov., S. pyramidalis comb. nov., S. triangularis comb. nov., S. tricupulata comb. nov., and S. vermiformis comb. nov.). Species of the genus Spirographa, as outlined here, are strongly host-specific, mainly at the generic level of their host. Some host genera can harbour more than one Spirographa species.
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- 2019
24. Radiation-induced Hounsfield unit change correlates with dynamic CT perfusion better than 4DCT-based ventilation measures in a novel-swine model
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Gary E. Christensen, M Lawless, Jessica R. Miller, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Andrew M. Baschnagel, Antonia E. Wuschner, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Jennifer Meudt, Mattison J. Flakus, John E. Bayouth, and Eric M. Wallat
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Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Miniature swine ,computer.software_genre ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,0302 clinical medicine ,Voxel ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Lung ,Aged, 80 and over ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Multidisciplinary ,Respiration ,Middle Aged ,Perfusion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Models, Animal ,Breathing ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Swine, Miniature ,Female ,Medical imaging ,Lung cancer ,Artifacts ,Science ,Adenocarcinoma ,Radiosurgery ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Motion ,Hounsfield scale ,Animals ,Humans ,Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ,Radiometry ,Aged ,business.industry ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,Radiation therapy ,sense organs ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Pulmonary Ventilation ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,computer ,Non-small-cell lung cancer ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Purpose: To analyze radiation induced changes in Hounsfield units and determine their correlation with changes in perfusion and ventilation. Additionally, to compare the post-RT changes in human subjects to those measured in a swine model used to quantify perfusion changes, and validate their use as a preclinical model. Methods: A cohort of 5 Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS™) were studied. Additionally, 19 human subjects were recruited as part of an IRB approved clinical trial studying functional avoidance radiation therapy for lung cancer and were treated with SBRT. Imaging (a contrast enhanced dynamic perfusion CT in the swine and 4DCT in the humans) was performed prior to and post-RT. Jacobian elasticity maps were calculated on all 4DCT images. Contours were created from the isodose lines to discretize analysis into 10 Gy dose bins. B-spline deformable image registration allowed for voxel-by-voxel comparative analysis in these contours between timepoints. The WMS™ underwent a research course of 60 Gy in 5 fractions delivered locally to a target in the lung using an MRI-LINAC system. In the WMS™ subjects, the dose-bin contours were copied onto the contralateral lung, which received < 5 Gy for comparison. Changes in HU and changes in Jacobian were analyzed in these contours.Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes in the mean HU value post-RT compared to pre-RT were observed in both the human and WMS™ groups at all timepoints analyzed. The HU increased linearly with dose for both groups. Strong linear correlation was observed between the changes seen in the swine and humans (Pearson coefficient > 0.97, p< 0.05) at all timepoints. Changes seen in the swine closely modeled the changes seen in the humans at 12 months post RT (slope=0.95). Jacobian analysis showed between 30-60% of voxels were damaged post-RT. Perfusion analysis in the swine showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in contrast inside the vasculature 3 months post-RT compared to pre-RT. The increases in contrast outside the vasculature was strongly correlated (Pearson Correlation 0.88) with the reduction in HU inside the vasculature but were not correlated with the changes in Jacobians. Conclusions: Radiation induces changes in pulmonary anatomy at 3 months post-RT, with a strong linear correlation with dose. The change in HU seen in the non-vessel lung parenchyma suggests this metric is a potential biomarker for change in perfusion. Finally, this work suggests that the WMS™ swine model is a promising pre-clinical model for analyzing radiation-induced changes in humans and poses several benefits over conventional swine models.
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- 2021
25. Turnover of Lecanoroid Mycobionts and Their Trebouxia Photobionts Along an Elevation Gradient in Bolivia Highlights the Role of Environment in Structuring the Lichen Symbiosis
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Ian D. Medeiros, Edyta Mazur, Jolanta Miadlikowska, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Carlos J. Pardo-De la Hoz, Elżbieta Cieślak, Lucyna Śliwa, and François Lutzoni
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Microbiology (medical) ,elevation gradients ,Andes mountains ,new PCR primer ,lichen biogeography ,Lecanoromycetes ,Trebouxiophyceae ,systematics ,Microbiology ,symbiosis ,QR1-502 ,Original Research - Abstract
Shifts in climate along elevation gradients structure mycobiont–photobiont associations in lichens. We obtained mycobiont (lecanoroid Lecanoraceae) and photobiont (Trebouxia alga) DNA sequences from 89 lichen thalli collected in Bolivia from a ca. 4,700 m elevation gradient encompassing diverse natural communities and environmental conditions. The molecular dataset included six mycobiont loci (ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2, and MCM7) and two photobiont loci (ITS, rbcL); we designed new primers to amplify Lecanoraceae RPB1 and RPB2 with a nested PCR approach. Mycobionts belonged to Lecanora s.lat., Bryonora, Myriolecis, Protoparmeliopsis, the “Lecanora” polytropa group, and the “L.” saligna group. All of these clades except for Lecanora s.lat. occurred only at high elevation. No single species of Lecanoraceae was present along the entire elevation gradient, and individual clades were restricted to a subset of the gradient. Most Lecanoraceae samples represent species which have not previously been sequenced. Trebouxia clade C, which has not previously been recorded in association with species of Lecanoraceae, predominates at low- to mid-elevation sites. Photobionts from Trebouxia clade I occur at the upper extent of mid-elevation forest and at some open, high-elevation sites, while Trebouxia clades A and S dominate open habitats at high elevation. We did not find Trebouxia clade D. Several putative new species were found in Trebouxia clades A, C, and I. These included one putative species in clade A associated with Myriolecis species growing on limestone at high elevation and a novel lineage sister to the rest of clade C associated with Lecanora on bark in low-elevation grassland. Three different kinds of photobiont switching were observed, with certain mycobiont species associating with Trebouxia from different major clades, species within a major clade, or haplotypes within a species. Lecanoraceae mycobionts and Trebouxia photobionts exhibit species turnover along the elevation gradient, but with each partner having a different elevation threshold at which the community shifts completely. A phylogenetically defined sampling of a single diverse family of lichen-forming fungi may be sufficient to document regional patterns of Trebouxia diversity and distribution.
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- 2021
26. Phylogeny and Ecology of
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Magdalena, Kosecka, Martin, Kukwa, Agnieszka, Jabłońska, Adam, Flakus, Pamela, Rodriguez-Flakus, Łucja, Ptach, and Beata, Guzow-Krzemińska
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In the past few years, new phylogenetic lineages in
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- 2021
27. Non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens in southern South America
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Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus
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Genus ,Ecology ,Polyphyly ,Biodiversity ,Identification key ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Lichen ,Temperate rainforest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Lecanoromycetes - Abstract
Lecidea Ach. in its broad sense, is one of the largest and most heterogeneous genus of lichenized fungi with a worldwide distribution and with diversity hotspots located in the temperate and polar regions. The genus belongs to a crust-like microlichen group and inhabits many different substrates (e.g., bark, rock, wood, soil, mosses). Lecidea does not form a coherent systematic entity, and previous studies have revealed it as a polyphyletic assemblage with species spread across various families within the Lecanoromycetes. The present study is a modern taxonomic revision of southern South America non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters. A total of 27 species belonging to ten genera are recognized. The current study reveals a substantial, previously hidden, diversity of lichens in Valdivian temperate and Magellanic subpolar forests; increasing the number of known lecideoid lichens in the studied area. Many new regional records are also reported including six species new to South America (Bryobilimbia hypnorum, Hertelidea botryosa, H. eucalypti, Japewiella tavaresiana, Placynthiella oligotropha, and Ramboldia brunneocarpa). The following species are here described as new to science: Bryobilimbia flakusii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), B. pallida Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile), Hertelidea printzenii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), H. stipitata Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile), “Lecidea” vobisii Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina), and Ramboldia australis Rodr. Flakus sp. nov. (Argentina, Chile). All species are described and illustrated in detail, and an identification key to the species is provided. In addition, as a result of a revision of available type material, a list of 48 additional species excluded from this study, including brief remarks on their taxonomical affiliations, is provided.
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- 2020
28. Career self-management of unemployed workers: the role of proactive coping in job-to-job transition
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Katarzyna Ślebarska and Maria Flakus
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Marketing ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Coping (psychology) ,Self-management ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Sample (statistics) ,050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences ,Seekers ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Unemployment ,Conceptual model ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Demographic economics ,Business and International Management ,Psychology ,Path analysis (statistics) ,050203 business & management ,media_common ,Career development - Abstract
PurposeJob search behavior is an important factor of an individual's career. In this study, proactive individuals' search for career opportunities during the transition from unemployment to employment is investigated. This investigation concentrates on the “in-between jobs” phase to better understand career transition. Proactive coping is a particularly important aspect of the transition from unemployment to work.Design/methodology/approachUsing the career self-management model and proactive coping theory, this paper establishes a conceptual model and adopts path analysis to examine the model with a sample of 208 unemployed workers from Poland.FindingsThe results indicate both direct and indirect effects for proactive coping on job-seeking behavior. Unemployed job seekers, with greater proactive coping, intensify their job search behavior and increase their chances for re-employment.Practical implicationsProactive coping is an important factor in career development. The findings of this study are a promising starting point for career self-development training for unemployed workers in transition.Originality/valueMost of the training for the unemployed prepares them to react and adapt to ongoing circumstances. Our findings show the importance of being proactive during active coping with unemployment.
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- 2020
29. Harry Potter and the Measuring of Personality - the connection between personality and popculture-based quizzes
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Stefanek, Franciszek, Baran, Lidia, and Flakus, Maria
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- 2022
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30. Phylogenetic placement of Lepraria cryptovouauxii sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other Lepraria species from South America
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Martin Kukwa, Agnieszka Jabłońska, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Magdalena Kosecka, Adam Flakus, and Beata Guzow-Krzemińska
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Neotropics ,Lecanorales ,Zoology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,lichenized fungi ,Meteora ,taxonomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ascomycota ,Stereocaulaceae ,lcsh:Botany ,Pezizomycetes ,morphology ,Unikonta ,Lichen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Lepraria ,Lecanoromycetes ,Palavascia ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,secondary metabolites ,Fungi ,Synchytriales ,Schizosaccharomycetes ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,nucITS rDNA ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Geography ,South american ,Taxonomy (biology) - Abstract
Leprariacryptovouauxiiis described as a new semicryptic species similar toL.vouauxii, from which it differs geographically (South America) and phylogenetically; both species differ in nucleotide position characters in nucITS barcoding marker.Leprariaharrisianais reported as new to South America andL.nothofagias new to Antarctica, Bolivia, and Peru.Leprariaincana(South American records are referred to L.aff.hodkinsoniana) andL.vouauxii(most South American records are referred toL.cryptovouauxii) should be excluded at least temporarily from the lichen list of South America. All records previously referred to asL.alpinafrom Bolivia and Peru belong toL.nothofagi. Most of Bolivian records ofL.pallidabelong toL.harrisiana.LeprariaborealisandL.caesioalbashould be included inL.neglecta. Leprariaachariana,L.impossibilis, andL.sipmanianaare sequenced for the first time.
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- 2019
31. Związki świadomości metodologicznej i zmiennych osobowościowo-poznawczych
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Flakus, Maria
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research activities ,personality ,methodological awareness ,social consciousness ,mind types - Abstract
Methodological awareness is one of the forms of social consciousness. It is considered one of the basic regulators of scientific research activities. Despite the abundance of theoretical deliberation over the structure of methodological awareness in literature, little attention is devoted to individual qualities of researchers who can be studied for displaying correlates of methodological awareness. One of the potential areas for such studies are cognitive variables which should be understood as mind types which determine human cognitive preferences in two dimensions: perception vs. intuition and feelings vs. thinking. Personality, considered to be the basic regulator of human activity, is yet another field where correlations of methodological awareness can be researched. The author presents the results of her study in which she searched for hypothetical correlates of methodological awareness.
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- 2020
32. The identity, ecology and distribution ofPolypyrenula(Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes): a new member ofTrypetheliaceaerevealed by molecular and anatomical data
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Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña, Ricardo Miranda-González, Adam Flakus, Robert Lücking, María de los Ángeles Herrera-Campos, and André Aptroot
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Dothideomycetes ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Affinities ,Trypetheliaceae ,Pyrenulaceae ,03 medical and health sciences ,Eurotiomycetes ,Genus ,Evolutionary biology ,Correct name ,Lichen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
New collections are reported of the monospecific genusPolypyrenula, an apparently extinct and doubtfully lichenized fungus, typically classified in thePyrenulaceae. Anatomical studies reveal that it is facultatively lichenized. The structure of its hamathecium suggests affinities with Dothideomycetes rather than Eurotiomycetes. Molecular analysis using nuLSU and mtSSU markers demonstrates for the first time its inclusion inTrypetheliaceae, outside the core genera as part of the early diverging lineages in this family. The known distribution ofPolypyrenulais extended to Mexico and South America, new information on its phorophyte associations is provided, and the namePolypyrenula sexlocularisis reinstated as the correct name for this species.
- Published
- 2020
33. Immersion and Socio-Emotional Experiences During a Movie - Polish Adaptation of the Movie Consumption Questionnaires
- Author
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Franciszek Stefanek, Agnieszka Skorupa, Michał Brol, and Maria Flakus
- Subjects
General Psychology - Abstract
The aim of the article is to present a description of the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Movie Consumption Questionnaires (MCQ) – Immersion and MCQ – Experience. The instrument, created by Fornerino, Helme-Guizon and Gotteland (2008) allows measuring movie consumption in terms of immersion, the intensity of emotions and the intensity of social interactions during the screening. The Polish adaptation of the tool involved two stages, whose participants were movie-goers attending screening events at a cinema ( N=577). The factor structure of the adapted instrument strongly resembles that obtained in the original study (RMSEA0.95, SRNR0.8, ω>0.8). Criterion validity was also verified through the use of questionnaires that examine the following: affect – PANAS-X (Fajkowska & Marszał-Wiśniewska, 2009), emotionality – HEXACO (Szarota et al., 2007) and mindfulness – Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Skala Świadomej Obecności; Radoń, 2014). Results of the analyses suggest that the adapted scales may be used as satisfactory tools for measuring movie consumption. By the same token, they may be useful in further psychological exploration of the movie screening phenomenon, with particular regard to immersion, emotional reactions and social interactions of the viewer.
- Published
- 2021
34. Radiation-induced airway changes and downstream ventilation decline in a swine model
- Author
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Eric M. Wallat, John E. Bayouth, Gary E. Christensen, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Mattison J. Flakus, and Antonia E. Wuschner
- Subjects
Post-radiation ,Lung ,Lung Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Swine ,Respiration ,Miniature swine ,Radiation induced ,Atelectasis ,Thorax ,medicine.disease ,Article ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Breathing ,Medicine ,Animals ,Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ,Airway ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Radiation treatment planning ,General Nursing - Abstract
Purpose. To investigate indirect radiation-induced changes in airways as precursors to atelectasis post radiation therapy (RT). Methods. Three Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS TM ) underwent a research course of 60 Gy in 5 fractions delivered to a targeted airway/vessel in the inferior left lung. The right lung received a max point dose WA ) for each airway were investigated. Changes in ventilation were assessed using the Jacobian ratio and were measured in three different regions: the inferior left lung Results. Airways (n = 25) in the right lung for all swine showed no significant changes (p = 0.48) in Ai post-RT compared to pre-RT. Airways (n = 28) in the left lung of all swine were found to have a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in Ai post-RT compared to pre-RT, correlated (Pearson R = −0.97) with airway dose. Additionally, WA decreased significantly (p < 0.001) with airway dose. Lastly, the Jacobian ratio of the ILL (0.883) was lower than that of the SLL (0.932) and the RL (0.955). Conclusions. This work shows that for the swine analyzed, there were significant correlations between Ai and WA change with radiation dose. Additionally, there was a decrease in lung function in the regions of the lung supplied by the irradiated airways compared to the regions supplied by unirradiated airways. These results support the hypothesis that airway dose should be considered during treatment planning in order to potentially preserve functional lung and reduce lung toxicities.
- Published
- 2021
35. Dose to High Ventilating Lung Predicts Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer Patients
- Author
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M.J. Flakus, E. Wallat, A.E. Wuschner, E. Tennant, P. Yadav, A. Burr, J. Bayouth, and A.M. Baschnagel
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Radiation ,Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2022
36. Optimalna struktura kapitala podjetja
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Flakus Bosilj, Domen and Črnigoj, Matjaž
- Subjects
udc:519.8 ,teorija tempiranja trga ,optimal capital structure ,teorija vrstnega reda ,trade-off theory ,optimalna struktura kapitala ,teorija tehtanja ,pecking order hypothesis ,market timing theory - Abstract
Razmerje med različnimi vrstami kapitala - vrednostnimi papirji, ki jih podjetje izda za pridobitev virov financiranja svojega poslovanja, imenujemo struktura kapitala podjetja. Podjetje lahko z izbiro različnih razmerij med dolžniškim in lastniškim kapitalom pozitivno (ali pa tudi negativno) vpliva na svojo vrednost, saj ima vsaka vrsta financiranja prednosti in slabosti. Financiranje z dolžniškim kapitalom znižuje davčno osnovo in s tem pripomore k plačilu nižjega davka. Po drugi strani pa podjetje zavezuje k plačevanju obresti, kar lahko privede do finančnih težav, katerih stroške je pri izbiri strukture kapitala prav tako potrebno upoštevati. Ker je vrednost podjetja enaka sedanji vrednosti prihodnjih denarnih tokov, ki jih diskontiramo z WACC, lahko vpliv strukture kapitala na vrednost podjetja pokažemo tudi preko stroškov financiranja. Pri optimiziranju strukture kapitala vodilni v podjetjih »tehtajo« pozitivne in negativne učinke, ki jih njihovemu podjetju prinaša zadolževanje in zato pravimo, da gre za ravnanje v skladu s teorijo tehtanja. Ni pa to edini način optimiziranja strukture kapitala, precej razširjena je tudi teorija vrstnega reda, ki pravi, da se podjetja financirajo najprej z zadržanimi dobički, v kolikor je teh sredstev premalo še z dolgom ter le v skrajnem primeru z izdajo novega lastniškega kapitala. Tretja teorija, s katero sem se ukvarjal, je teorija tempiranja trga. Gre za teorijo, ki izbrano strukturo kapitala pripisuje prepričanju menedžerjev glede cene delnic podjetja, torej ali so precenjene ali podcenjene, v času iskanja novih virov financiranja. Ker tudi raziskave, ki sem jih v svojem delu diplomskega seminarja predstavil, v kar veliki meri podpirajo teorijo tehtanja in ker je možno odločanje v skladu s to teorijo tudi dobro simulirati, sem jo uporabil tudi za optimizacijo strukture kapitala podjetja Krka d.d., Novo mesto. Gre za podjetje, ki je z vidika strukture kapitala zelo zanimivo, saj se kljub temu, da je to v panogi redkost, financira skoraj izključno z lastniškim kapitalom. Zato sem simuliral zadolževanje podjetja in opazoval spreminjanje stroškov kapitala ter same vrednosti podjetja. Tekom analiziranja rezultatov sem prišel do zaključka, da bi bilo gotovo smiselno, da Krka v svojo strukturo kapitala uvede vsaj nekaj dolžniškega kapitala, saj bi to znižalo stroške financiranja podjetja ter povečalo vrednost delnic. The ratio between different types of capital - securities issued by a company to obtain sources of financing, is called the capital structure of a company. By choosing different debt-to-equity ratios, a company can positively (or even negatively) influence its value, as each type of financing has advantages and disadvantages. Debt capital financing lowers the tax base and thus helps to pay lower tax, while on the other hand the company commits to paying interest, which can lead to financial difficulties, the costs of which must also be considered when choosing the capital structure. However, since the value of the company can also be expressed as the present value of future cash flows, which are discounted by WACC, the impact of the capital structure on the value of the company can also be viewed in terms of financing costs. In this type of decision-making, leaders in companies "weigh" the positive and negative effects that borrowing brings to their company, and therefore we say that it is a matter of acting in accordance with the trade-off theory. However, this is not the only way to optimize the capital structure. The pecking order hypothesis, which is also quite popular, says that companies prefer to finance their operations first with retained earnings, if these funds are insufficient with debt and only in extreme cases by issuing new equity. The third theory I have been working on is the theory of market timing. It is a theory that attributes the chosen capital structure to the beliefs of managers regarding the price of the company's shares, i.e., whether they are overvalued or undervalued at the time of the search for new sources of financing. Because the research I presented in my diploma paper largely supports the trade-off theory and because decision-making in accordance with this theory can be well simulated, I used it to optimize the capital structure of Krka d.d., Novo mesto. It is a company that is very interesting from the capital structure point of view, because even though this is a rarity in the industry, it is financed almost exclusively with equity. Therefore, I simulated the borrowing of the company and observed the change in the cost of capital and the value of the company itself. During the analysis of the results, I concluded that it would certainly make sense for Krka to introduce at least some debt into its capital structure, as this would reduce their cost of capital and increase the value of shares.
- Published
- 2021
37. Predictors of the feeling of stress in the aviation industry
- Author
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Małgorzata Dobrowolska, Magdalena Ślazyk-Sobol, and Maria Flakus
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Stressor ,Applied psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Proactivity ,Feeling ,Personality ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,Big Five personality traits ,Psychology ,Human resources ,business ,media_common - Abstract
BACKGROUND Employees in the aviation sector constitute an especially interesting professional group due to a lack of empirical data on their psychological functioning, and the fact that this industry is currently experiencing a phase of dynamic development. However, taking into consideration the automation and specific qualities of the sector, human resources should be given much more attention as they are constantly challenged and face diverse difficulties at work while cooperating in various organic and non-organic teams. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 326 employees of Pyrzowice (Poland), Szymany (Poland), and Kosice (Slovakia) airports (however, people employed at the Polish airports were predominant, N = 250). The average age of the participants was 39.3 years, and the sample was predominantly male (N = 278, 85.3%). During the research procedure, the following questionnaires were used: the Feeling of Threat in the Workplace Questionnaire, the Feeling of Stress Questionnaire, the 10-Item Personality Inventory, and the Mini-COPE Stress Inventory. RESULTS The regression analysis indicated that personality variables did not allow for predicting the level of stress. However, the helplessness-oriented style (β = 0.191, p = 0.004), avoidant behaviors (β = 0.244, p < 0.001), and the feeling of threat (β = 0.147, p = 0.009) were significant predictors of the feeling of stress, and their high level corresponded with a higher level of stress. The final model explained 23% of the total variance in the feeling of stress. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, practical recommendations should concern developing employees' skills related to monitoring stressors and strengthening proactivity in difficult or threatening situations. Such proactive strategies may decrease the tendency to use avoidant and helplessness-oriented behaviors that may cause a higher level of stress perceived by employees. Also, the authors recommend providing training and support using some cognitive behavioral techniques because it seems that the regular application of those methods supports the development of agency and control while facing challenging situations. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):467-77.
- Published
- 2021
38. Measuring Indirect Radiation-Induced Perfusion Change in Fed Vasculature Using Dynamic Contrast CT
- Author
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Antonia E. Wuschner, Mattison J. Flakus, Eric M. Wallat, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam, Gary E. Christensen, and John E. Bayouth
- Subjects
Medicine (miscellaneous) ,lung SBRT ,perfusion ,post-RT toxicity ,swine model ,functional avoidance - Abstract
Recent functional lung imaging studies have presented evidence of an “indirect effect” on perfusion damage, where regions that are unirradiated or lowly irradiated but that are supplied by highly irradiated regions observe perfusion damage post-radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this work was to investigate this effect using a contrast-enhanced dynamic CT protocol to measure perfusion change in five novel swine subjects. A cohort of five Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) were given a research course of 60 Gy in five fractions delivered locally to a vessel in the lung using an Accuray Radixact tomotherapy system with Synchrony motion tracking to increase delivery accuracy. Imaging was performed prior to delivering RT and 3 months post-RT to yield a 28–36 frame image series showing contrast flowing in and out of the vasculature. Using MIM software, contours were placed in six vessels on each animal to yield a contrast flow curve for each vessel. The contours were placed as follows: one at the point of max dose, one low-irradiated (5–20 Gy) branching from the max dose vessel, one low-irradiated (5–20 Gy) not branching from the max dose vessel, one unirradiated (
- Published
- 2022
39. Trentepohlialean Algae (Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae) Show Preference to Selected Mycobiont Lineages in Lichen Symbioses
- Author
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Agnieszka Jabłońska, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Martin Kukwa, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Adam Flakus, and Magdalena Kosecka
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Cephaleuros ,Trentepohliales ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Lichens ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ulvophyceae ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Phycopeltis ,Ascomycota ,Chlorophyta ,Trentepohliaceae ,Botany ,Arthoniaceae ,Lichen ,Symbiosis ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The main aims of this work were to assess phylogenetic relationships of the trentepohlialean photobionts in tropical, mainly sterile, lichens collected in Bolivia, to examine their genetic diversity, host specificity, and the impact of habitat factors on the occurrence of Trentepohliales. Based on rbcL marker analysis, we constructed a phylogenetic tree with eight major clades of Trentepohliales, of which seven free-living species are intermingled with lichenized ones. Our analyses show that the studied photobionts are scattered across the phylogenetic tree and algae from temperate and tropical regions do not form monophyletic groups, except within one clade that seems to be restricted to the tropics. There is no significant occurrence pattern of lichenized Trentepohliaceae on a specific substratum, except Cephaleuros spp. and Phycopeltis spp., which are restricted to leaves, while some clades with lichenized algae may be specialized to tree bark and wood. Moreover, we found two patterns of associations: first, closely related algae can associate with distantly related mycobionts; second, some other trentepohlioid algae associate with selected lineages of fungi (e.g., Arthoniaceae or Graphidaceae). We also found that some lineages of photobionts are even more selective and associate exclusively with one species (e.g., Dichosporidium nigrocinctum, Diorygma antillarum) or closely related lichen-forming fungi (Herpothallon spp.). Concluding, we found that occurrence of some trentepohlialean photobionts may correlate with the particular type of the mycobiont.
- Published
- 2019
40. IR spectral density of the υS(Cl–H→) band in gaseous (CH3)2O…HCl complex: Phase decoherence due to the anharmonic coupling theory and the bending mode effects
- Author
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Saed Salman, Jamal Suleiman, Henryk T. Flakus, Umer Farooq, and Najeh Rekik
- Subjects
Quantum decoherence ,010304 chemical physics ,Chemistry ,Anharmonicity ,Transition dipole moment ,General Physics and Astronomy ,H band ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Absorption band ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) ,Morse potential - Abstract
The elucidation of Fermi resonances impact on the IR spectral density (SD) of weak hydrogen bonded systems is still subject of an ongoing debate. We present, in this paper, a simple quantum approach that may illumine the contribution of Fermi resonances, resulting from the interaction between the high stretching and bending modes, on the SD of the υ S ( Cl – H → ) band in gaseous ( CH 3 ) 2 O … HCl Complex and address the question whether there is Fermi resonances phenomenon in such weak hydrogen bonded complexes. We analyzed the problem by considering a quantum approach taking into account the following hypotheses: (i) the low frequency stretching mode (slow mode) of the hydrogen bond is represented by a Morse potential, (ii) the high stretching mode (fast mode) is considered to harmonic, (iii) the υ S ( Cl – H → ) phase coherence is lost because of the coupling between the fast and slow modes, and because of the coupling between the fast and the bending mode, (iv) the SD is obtained within the framework of Kubo’s theory, according to which the SD is the Fourier transform of the transition dipole moment autocorrelation function which characterises the lineshape of the mid infrared υ S ( Cl – H → ) absorption band, (v) the direct relaxation mechanism of the υ S ( Cl – H → ) stretching band is incorporated by aid of the quantum treatment of Rosch and Ranter for which for the autocorrelation function decays exponentially on time, (vi) the indirect relaxation mechanism of the bending mode is introduced by aid of complex energy levels’ method for which the Hamiltonian eigenvalues of the H-bonded system, computed in the absence of damping, imaginary parts reflecting the irreversible influence of the medium on the bending mode. Using a set of physically reasonable parameters as input into the presented approach, the numerical experimentations have shown the capability of this simple model, which anharmonically couple the high stretching mode together with the slow and bending modes, to explain the main spectroscopic features of the υ S ( Cl – H → ) band in gaseous ( CH 3 ) 2 O … HCl Complexes. A good agreement between the simulated and experimental lineshapes is illustrated and a deep study of the role of each mechanism on the υ S ( Cl – H → ) band is elucidated.
- Published
- 2019
41. Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates
- Author
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Dagna Kocur, Maria Flakus, and Małgorzata Fopka-Kowalczyk
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,animal structures ,Psychometrics ,Depression ,Emotions ,Reproducibility of Results ,Anxiety ,Self-Compassion ,Latent Class Analysis ,Mental health and psychiatry ,Poland ,Personality traits ,Scanning electron microscopy ,Built structures - Abstract
This study adapts the Self-Compassion Scale into Polish and tests the validity, reliability and factor structure of its measures. In the first phase of the research (Study I), 645 respondents were assessed using the NEO-FFI Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale and a back-translated version of the Self-Compassion Scale. The aim of Study I is to analyse the factor structure of the Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale. The results of analyses using structural equation modelling and exploratory structural equation modelling confirm the six-component structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and the possibility of distinguishing a single primary factor. The results of these analyses indicate that self-compassion is conceptually distinctive from personality traits and self-judgement. In the second phase of the study (Study II), 688 respondents were assessed and the findings show that self-compassion is a predictor of depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life, and is also linked to emotional intelligence. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale is a reliable and valid measure of self-compassion.
- Published
- 2021
42. The lost lizards of Christmas Island: A retrospective assessment of factors driving the collapse of a native reptile community
- Author
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Sophie Arnall, Samantha Flakus, Brendan Tiernan, Jessica E. Agius, Jon Paul Emery, Nicola J. Mitchell, Karrie Rose, John C. Z. Woinarski, Peter T. Green, Matthew Sleeth, Peter S. Harlow, Tanya Detto, Don A. Driscoll, Harold G. Cogger, Michael McFadden, Caitlyn Pink, Paul Andrew, Kent Retallick, and Leonie E. Valentine
- Subjects
lcsh:QH1-199.5 ,Christmas Island ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,Invasive species ,invasive species ,island ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,medicine ,Ecosystem ,Collapse (medical) ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Global and Planetary Change ,Extinction ,Ecology ,biology ,extinction ,biology.organism_classification ,Lycodon capucinus ,expert elicitation ,Geography ,Conservation status ,lcsh:Ecology ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Until recently, the reptile fauna of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean comprised five endemic species (two skinks, two geckos, and one snake) and one native, non‐endemic skink. Four of these species were common and widespread until at least 1979, but by 2012 had disappeared from the wild. During the years of decline, little research was undertaken to examine why the species were disappearing. Here, we use a retrospective expert elicitation to rank potential factors that contributed to the loss of Christmas Island's reptiles and to assess the likelihood of re‐establishing populations of two species now listed as Extinct in the Wild. We additionally considered why one endemic lizard, the Christmas Island giant gecko (Cyrtodactylus sadleiri), and three introduced lizards remain common. Experts considered that the introduced common wolf snake (Lycodon capucinus) was the most likely cause of decline, as its temporal and spatial spread across the island closely matched patterns of lizard disappearances. An Asian co‐occurrence in recent evolutionary timeframes of the common wolf snake with the Christmas Island giant gecko and three introduced reptiles was the most marked point of difference between the extant and lost lizard species. The demise in less than 20 years of 80% of Christmas Island's native lizard assemblage highlights the vulnerability of island fauna to invading species.
- Published
- 2021
43. A new genus
- Author
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Adam, Flakus, Javier, Etayo, Sergio, Pérez-Ortega, Martin, Kukwa, Zdeněk, Palice, and Pamela, Rodriguez-Flakus
- Subjects
Europe ,Ascomycota ,Host Microbial Interactions ,Lichens ,South America ,Classification ,Symbiosis ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Lichen-inhabiting fungi are highly specialized mycoparasites, commensals or rarely saprotrophs, that are common components of almost every ecosystem, where they develop obligate associations with lichens. Their relevance, however, contrasts with the relatively small number of these fungi described so far. Recent estimates and ongoing studies indicate that a significant fraction of their diversity remains undiscovered and may be expected in tropical regions, in particular in hyperdiverse fog-exposed montane forests. Here, we introduce the new genus
- Published
- 2019
44. Phylogenetic placement of
- Author
-
Beata, Guzow-Krzemińska, Agnieszka, Jabłońska, Adam, Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Magdalena, Kosecka, and Martin, Kukwa
- Subjects
Neotropics ,Lecanorales ,secondary metabolites ,Fungi ,South America ,nucITS rDNA ,Lichenized Fungi ,Ascomycota ,Stereocaulaceae ,morphology ,Lecanoromycetes ,Americas ,Polar ,Phylogeny ,Research Article ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Leprariacryptovouauxii is described as a new semicryptic species similar to L.vouauxii, from which it differs geographically (South America) and phylogenetically; both species differ in nucleotide position characters in nucITS barcoding marker. Leprariaharrisiana is reported as new to South America and L.nothofagi as new to Antarctica, Bolivia, and Peru. Leprariaincana (South American records are referred to L.aff.hodkinsoniana) and L.vouauxii (most South American records are referred to L.cryptovouauxii) should be excluded at least temporarily from the lichen list of South America. All records previously referred to as L.alpina from Bolivia and Peru belong to L.nothofagi. Most of Bolivian records of L.pallida belong to L.harrisiana. Leprariaborealis and L.caesioalba should be included in L.neglecta. Leprariaachariana, L.impossibilis, and L.sipmaniana are sequenced for the first time.
- Published
- 2019
45. A new genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)
- Author
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Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Zdeněk Palice, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Javier Etayo, and National Science Centre (Poland)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Neotropics ,Physiology ,Lecanora ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,New taxa ,Genus ,Paraphyses ,Systematics ,Botany ,Genetics ,Hymenium ,Lichen ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Lecanoromycetes ,Arthonia epicladonia ,0303 health sciences ,Lichenicolous fungi ,biology ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Pezizomycotina ,biology.organism_classification ,Phylogenetics ,Lecanorales - Abstract
Lichen-inhabiting fungi are highly specialized mycoparasites, commensals or rarely saprotrophs, that are common components of almost every ecosystem, where they develop obligate associations with lichens. Their relevance, however, contrasts with the relatively small number of these fungi described so far. Recent estimates and ongoing studies indicate that a significant fraction of their diversity remains undiscovered and may be expected in tropical regions, in particular in hyperdiverse fog-exposed montane forests. Here, we introduce the new genus Zhurbenkoa, from South America and Europe, for three lichenicolous fungi growing on thalli of the widespread lichen genus Cladonia (Lecanorales). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequence data of mt and nuc rDNA obtained from Andean populations (Bolivia) placed Zhurbenkoa as a member of Malmideaceae, a recently introduced family of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. Zhurbenkoa is closely related to the genera Savoronala and Sprucidea. The new genus is characterized by the development of grayish brown to almost black apothecia lacking an evident margin, an epihymenium interspersed with crystals (often seen as pruina), a strongly conglutinated hymenium made of noncapitate and sparsely branched paraphyses, a colorless exciple composed of radially arranged hyphae, a Lecanora/Micarea-like ascus type, and aseptate or 1-septate ellipsoidal colorless ascospores. Zhurbenkoa includes two Neotropical (Z. cladoniarum, Z. latispora) and one widespread (Z. epicladonia) species. The lichenicolous trophic mode is documented for the first time in the Malmideaceae, which until now included only lichen-forming associations between fungi and green algae., This research was financially supported by the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland (DEC-2013/11/D/NZ8/03274). A.F. and P.R.F. received additional support under statutory funds from the W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland. S.P.O. was supported by the grant RYC-2014-16784 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. Z.P. acknowledges the support by the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic (AV0Z60050516, RVO 67985939).
- Published
- 2019
46. Strengthening Professional Efficacy Due to Sustainable Development of Social and Individual Competences—Empirical Research Study among Polish and Slovak Employees of the Aviation Sector
- Author
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Małgorzata Dobrowolska, Magdalena Ślazyk-Sobol, Maria Flakus, and Adam Wawoczny
- Subjects
Aviation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,Context (language use) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,Empirical research ,positive orientation ,the aviation sector ,GE1-350 ,depressive personality ,Human resources ,psychological stress ,media_common ,Sustainable development ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Stressor ,Risk factor (computing) ,Public relations ,Environmental sciences ,sustainable development of individual competences ,sense of threat ,Psychological resilience ,business ,Psychology ,ego resilience - Abstract
Nowadays, taking into account the multidimensionality of the external environment and necessity of the sustainable development of human resources, organizations are obliged to take more care of the psychological resources of their employees, e.g., positive orientation, ego resilience, and emotional stability. Such resources affect how we cope with stress and a sense of threat. The authors of this paper focus on people employed in the aviation sector, who work in the hard-to-cope environment of full automation, demanding working conditions and numerous stressors. The presented study fills a gap in the research on the psychological characteristics of the aviation sector. Moreover, a sense of stress/threat is described in the context of the high specificity of employees representing the 4.0 sector. Therefore, it provides additional insights into the psychological functioning of the employees in the aviation sector. The results show that both positive orientation and ego resilience might be seen as protective factors against a sense of threat and stress, while a type D personality is a risk factor of a higher level of those psychological states. The novelty of the presented research concerns a better understanding of the sense of stress/threat experienced by the employees in this sector, as well as verifying the relationships between psychological variables described in the literature as personal resources.
- Published
- 2020
47. Molecular docking studies, structural and spectroscopic properties of monomeric and dimeric species of benzofuran-carboxylic acids derivatives: DFT calculations and biological activities
- Author
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Abir Sagaama, Anna Jarczyk Jędryka, Henryk T. Flakus, Silvia Antonia Brandán, Olfa Noureddine, Noureddine Issaoui, and Houcine Ghalla
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Hydrogen bond ,Organic Chemistry ,Intermolecular force ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Computational Mathematics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Structural Biology ,Computational chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Molecule ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Molecular orbital ,Natural bond orbital - Abstract
Structural optimization, molecular docking analysis, electronic and vibrational properties have been investigated for the 1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (2BF) and 1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid (3BF) using DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The theoretical parameters have a very good consistency with the experimental ones. The weak intermolecular interactions were analyzed by different tool such as: Hirshfeld surfaces, topological analysis and natural bond orbital studies. The nonlinear optical properties have been investigated. Molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis have been carried out to understand the reactivity of the molecule. In addition, TD-DFT calculation is initiated to simulate the UV-vis absorption spectrum and to determine several important electronic properties like HOMO-LUMO gap energy and electronic transitions. The complete vibrational assignments and the force constants were reported for monomer and dimers of both acids. The biological activities of the tow acids have been studied via molecular docking analysis. The later calculations prove that the studied acids have an inhibitor effect against cancer and microbial diseases.
- Published
- 2020
48. Personality characteristics of mountaineers - review of the literature
- Author
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Maria Flakus, Robert Pudlo, and Mariusz Sołtysik
- Subjects
Male ,Character ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Individuality ,Developmental psychology ,Extraversion, Psychological ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trait theory ,Risk-Taking ,medicine ,Personality ,Sensation seeking ,Humans ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,Motivation ,Extraversion and introversion ,Conscientiousness ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Personality disorders ,Neuroticism ,030227 psychiatry ,Mountaineering ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Exploratory Behavior ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
The following paper presents the existing body of research on personality traits (within the framework of personality trait theory and Marvin Zuckerman's sensation seeking theory) of individuals engaging in high-risk sports, especially mountaineering and alpinism. In the review, two perspectives of theoretical analysis were taken into consideration: a psychological (concerning reflections on non-pathological personality characteristics of mountaineers) and a psychopathological one (concerning research on hypothetically pathological dimensions of the following traits). In both psychological and psychopathological perspective, the importance of sensation/stimulation seeking (understood as one of the personality dimensions) and deficiency of trait anxiety were analyzed. Both determinants can be linked with type T personality. In addition, numerous studies suggest that traits such as neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness may play important role in personality regulation of mountaineers. The presented reflection was supplemented by early reports referring to possible psychopathological traits, which may hypothetically indicate some personality disorders. The authors highlight the limitations of previous studies and point out possible directions of future research, in particular - necessity of including motivational factors, associated with engaging in high-risk sport activities.
- Published
- 2020
49. Climate and Ties in Workplace versus Sense of Danger and Stress, Based on Empirical Research in the Aviation Industry
- Author
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Agnieszka Deja, Magdalena Ślazyk-Sobol, Małgorzata Dobrowolska, and Maria Flakus
- Subjects
ties in workplace ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Work related ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Empirical research ,0502 economics and business ,education ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,education.field_of_study ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,05 social sciences ,Workload ,Organisation climate ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,sense of danger ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,aviation industry ,climate in workplace ,050211 marketing ,Job satisfaction ,Occupational stress ,Industrial and organizational psychology ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,occupational stress - Abstract
The climate of the workplace, as well as the issues of relations and ties in the professional environment have long aroused considerable interest among psychologists and management practitioners. The organizational climate, which is defined as a set of beliefs about the organization, its relations, the atmosphere of the workplace, circulation of communication, development opportunities, etc., has often been associated with well-being and job satisfaction. Performing work related to numerous stress factors and difficult situations may significantly affect how both the professional environment and employees&rsquo, well-being are perceived. Many empirical studies concerning work psychology and organization, including the works of Rosenstiel and Boegel, Gonzales-Roma, Peiro, Schneider and Earhart underline the importance of the organization climate in the construction of efficient and effectively functioning organizations. One of its important aspects is the level of social relationships and cooperation within an organization. Ties in the workplace are defined as the quality and depth of relations between members of an organization. Studies presented in this paper are of an exploratory nature due to the sector specificity, i.e., aviation and provision of services related to ground control operations. The aim of the empirical research presented herein is to verify the assumption about mutual relations between such variables as the perceived climate of the workplace and interpersonal bonds, as well as experiencing negative emotional states, such as the sense of danger and stress. The psychological literature suggests that low evaluation of the organizational climate parameters should be related to worse, more negative evaluation of the workplace and that the dissatisfaction within the scope of ties and relations with employees affects the perception of stress and threat. In the course of the study, 326 persons working at Pyrzowice and Szymany (Poland) and Kosice (Slovakia) have been examined. Polish employees dominated in this group (250 persons). The remaining group was constituted of individuals working at the Kosice (Slovakia) airport. The respondents represent a specific professional group. The authors tried to learn the specificity of the stress and threat experiencing process due to organizational variables&mdash, such as aspects related to evaluation of the workplace and the feeling of ties. To achieve this goal, in the course of statistical analyses, models were built to predict the sense of danger and stress among the surveyed population. A hierarchical regression analysis was carried out in order to determine which of the variables allow predicting the sense of danger and stress in the examined occupational group. The results showed that the higher sense of threat was predicted by the less positive views about the workload, the social support and by the higher ratings of ties in the workplace. In this model, the statistically significant predictors of the sense of threat were the perception of workload (&beta, = &minus, 0.184, s.e. = 0.29, t = &minus, 3.297, p <, 0.001), the social support (&beta, 0.272, s.e. = 0.52, 3.916, 0.001) and ties in the workplace (&beta, = 0.115, s.e. = 0.51, t = 2.162, p = 0.031). Additionally, the higher level of sense of stress was predicted by the less positive views about the workload, fair play and by the higher sense of threat. The final model explained 12% of all variability regarding the sense of stress (R2 = 0.115, F [8, 317] = 5.122, 0.001). In this model, the statistically significant predictors of the sense of stress were the workload (&beta, 0.120, s.e. = 0.11, 2.079, p = 0.038), sense of justice (&beta, = 0.160, s.e. = 0.20, t = 1.965, 0.001) and the sense of threat (&beta, = 0.219, s.e. = 0.02, t = 3.859, 0.001). The interest in employees from the aviation sector stems from the lack of empirical data on how people working in this industry function psychologically. This branch of industry is currently developing extremely dynamically and is expected to evolve even more in the wake of the industrial revolution 4.0. Work in the field of modern industry 4.0 forces the employees to acquire many important competencies related to managing new, automated working conditions. As suggested by some authors (Popkova, 2019, Neufeind, 2018), in the light of the 4.0 revolution, one must assume that both the requirements of the work environment and reactions and behavior of employees will differ from the more typical and stable organizational conditions. Meanwhile, in the light of automation and specificity of the industry in question, not much attention is paid to human resources, who&mdash, while cooperating in various teams (organic and inorganic)&mdash, experience various challenges, as well as difficulties resulting from their professional work.
- Published
- 2020
50. Modeling the impact of out-of-phase ventilation on normal lung tissue response to radiation dose
- Author
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Antonia E. Wuschner, Wei Shao, John E. Bayouth, Andrew M. Baschnagel, Gary E. Christensen, Mattison J. Flakus, Eric M. Wallat, and Joseph M. Reinhardt
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dose distribution ,computer.software_genre ,Radiation Dosage ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Voxel ,medicine ,Humans ,Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ,Lung ,Mathematics ,business.industry ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Respiration ,Radiation dose ,General Medicine ,Radiation therapy ,Out of phase ,Normal lung ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Ventilation (architecture) ,Breathing ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,computer - Abstract
PURPOSE To create a dose-response model that predicts lung ventilation change following radiation therapy, and examine the effects of out-of-phase ventilation. METHODS The dose-response model was built using 27 human subjects who underwent radiation therapy (RT) from an IRB-approved trial. For each four-dimensional computed tomography, two ventilation maps were created by calculating the N-phase local expansion ratio (LERN ) using most or all breathing phases and the 2-phase LER (LER2 ) using only the end inspiration and end expiration breathing phases. A polynomial regression model was created using the LERN ventilation maps pre-RT and post-RT and dose distributions for each subject, and crossvalidated with a leave-one-out method. Further validation of the model was performed using 15 additional human subjects using common statistical operating characteristics and gamma pass rates. RESULTS For voxels receiving 20 Gy or greater, there was a significant increase from 52% to 59% (P = 0.03) in the gamma pass rates of the LERN model predicted post-RT Jacobian maps to the actual post-RT Jacobian maps, relative to the LER2 model. Additionally, accuracy significantly increased (P = 0.03) from 68% to 75% using the LERN model, relative to the LER2 model. CONCLUSIONS The LERN model was significantly more accurate than the LER2 model at predicting post-RT ventilation maps. More accurate post-RT ventilation maps will aid in producing a higher quality functional avoidance treatment plan, allowing for potentially better normal tissue sparing.
- Published
- 2019
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