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The cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a 12-year-old child with a clinic presentation suggestive of Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is described. Progressive dystonia, dysarthria and pyramidal signs were present for 2 years. The presence of both increased and decreased signals in globus pallidus was consistent with the pathology of the disease: loss of myelin and increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia.

Background: Visual delta event-related (ERO) and evoked oscillations (EO) of Alzheimer patients (AD) are different than healthy. In the present study, the analysis is extented to include auditory ERO and EO in AD. The rationale is to reveal whether the auditory ERO delta responses are also reduced, and whether this is a general phenomenon in Alzheimer patients upon applying stimuli with cognitive load. Methods: Thirty-four mild AD subjects [17 de-novo and 17 medicated (cholinergic)] and seventeen healthy controls were included. Auditory oddball paradigm and sensory auditory stimuli were applied to the subjects. Oscillatory responses were analyzed by measuring maximum amplitudes in delta frequency range (0.5-3.5 Hz). Results: Auditory delta ERO (0.5-3.5 Hz) responses of healthy controls were higher than either de-novo AD or medicated AD group, without a difference between two AD subgroups. Furthermore, the auditory EO after presentation of tone bursts yielded no group difference. Conclusion: Our findings imply that delta ERO is highly unstable in AD patients in comparison to age-matched healthy controls only during the cognitive paradigm. Our results favor the hypothesis that neural delta networks are activated during cognitive tasks and that the reduced delta response is a general phenomenon in AD, due to cognitive impairment. © 2012-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

Background: Visual delta event-related (ERO) and evoked oscillations (EO) of Alzheimer patients (AD) are different than healthy. In the present study, the analysis is extented to include auditory ERO and EO in AD. The rationale is to reveal whether the auditory ERO delta responses are also reduced, and whether this is a general phenomenon in Alzheimer patients upon applying stimuli with cognitive load. Methods.: Thirty-four mild AD subjects 117 de-novo and 17 medicated (cholinergic)l and seventeen healthy controls were included. Auditory oddball paradigm and sensory auditory stimuli were applied to the subjects. Oscillatory responses were analyzed by measuring maximum amplitudes in delta frequency range (0.5-3.5 Hz). Results: Auditory delta ERO (0.5-3.5 Hz) responses of healthy controls were higher than either de-novo AD or medicated AD group, without a difference between two AD subgroups. Furthermore, the auditory EO after presentation of tone bursts yielded no group difference. Conclusion: Our findings imply that delta ERO is highly unstable in AD patients in comparison to age-matched healthy controls only during the cognitive paradigm. Our results favor the hypothesis that neural delta networks are activated during cognitive tasks and that the reduced delta response is a general phenomenon in AD, due to cognitive impairment.

We have studied the plasma cortisol levels between attacks in order to investigate the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in migraine patients. We have not found any statistically significance between plasma cortisol levels of patients and control group, after taking the blood of 25 patients and 24 healthy controls between 8.30-9.30 am.

WOS: 000187423100005, PubMed: 14735380, Background: Tuberculosis is still a major cause of serious illness in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical, laboratory, radiological and prognostic features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in immuncompetent adult patients. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with confirmed or presumed TBM seen over a 12-year period at the Neurology Department of Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Disease, Istanbul, Turkey, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped according to the severity of meningitis on admission (stages I, II and III). They were also divided into two groups according to the presence of paradoxical response (progressive increase of lymphocytes or increase of polymorphonuclear cells instead of lymphocytes) in CSF samples. A combination of five antituberculosis drugs was used in the 1st month of treatment. Patients received antituberculosis therapy for at [east 12 months. The outcome of the patients was defined on the basis of the 12-month Barthel index (BI) score (BI < 12 poor; BI greater than or equal to 12 good). For statistical analysis death was included in the poor outcome group. Results: Paradoxical response in CSF findings was seen in 20 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the outcome of the patients with and without CSF paradoxical response; however, new tuberculomas developed more frequently in the first group (p < 0.05). The overall mortality was 27.8%. Stage of disease was found to be independently associated with the 12-month outcome (OR 7.2; 95% CI 1.7-30.3, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In developing countries such as Turkey, tuberculosis is still an important public health issue. Early suspicion and appropriate Long-term antituberculosis therapy together with corticosteroids may reduce mortality and morbidity in IBM patients.

It has been reported that the nervous system is involved in 30% of the cases with Behcet's Syndrome and half of these patients also show psychiatric signs.A neuro-Behcet case with cerebello pyramidal and psychiatric findings (eupharia. depression, emotional lability, logorrhea, paranoid reaction and demen- tial signs) is presented in this article. These psychiatric signs are compared with signs of previously reported cases. Cases of Behcet's syndrome have a lot of psychiatric features which may be specific for Behcet's syndrome. Therefore it is concluded that these type of cases must be called as Neuro-Psycho- Behcet Syndrome.