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Introdução: A pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 destacou o trabalho dos fisioterapeutas, sobretudo em relação à assistência aos pacientes acometidos pela Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, também conhecida como Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objetivo: O presente estudo visou destacar a importância do trabalho dos fisioterapeutas no cuidado aos pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que utilizou as bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Medline/Pubmed e seguintes descritores: COVID-19 and Respiratory Syndrome and Physical therapy. Os critérios de inclusão foram os estudos publicados de dezembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e francês, disponíveis online, na íntegra e com abordagem plena do conteúdo. Resultados: Foram encontrados 160 artigos, dos quais 32 foram selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Os estudos relataram melhora clínica e funcional a partir das intervenções fisioterapêuticas aplicadas aos pacientes, sendo as medidas com maior impacto positivo na mobilização precoce, aspirações de secreções, monitoramento da ventilação mecânica e reabilitação. É de suma importância o fisioterapeuta estar inserido na equipe multidisciplinar que compõe o ambiente hospitalar.

Dermatomycoses are infections caused by fungi and yeasts and the drug treatment is considered expensive and extensive. Researchers are synthesizing new organic compounds in order to obtain more effective molecules that provide reduced adverse effects. Our research group has synthesized and evaluated the biological activities of aminoalcohol and diamine derivatives, which were considered active against human pathogenic fungi. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of aminoalcohols and diamine derivatives against fungi and yeasts that cause dermatomycoses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of aminoalcohol (1–4) and diamine (5–13) derivatives was determined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Candida albicans according to protocols from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All molecules exhibited fungicidal activity against the evaluated fungal strains, with the MIC and MFC ranging between 0.12 and 1000 μg/mL for filamentous fungi and 0.6 and 1250 μg/mL for yeasts. The best activity was attributed to diamines compared to aminoalcohols, with an emphasis on molecules 6 and 7. These results demonstrate the antifungal potential of the evaluated aminoalcohols and diamines against the four primary fungal species that cause dermatomycoses.

Background:Microbial resistance has become a worldwide public health problem, and may lead to morbidity and mortality in affected patients.Objective:Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of quinone-4-oxoquinoline derivatives.Method:These derivatives were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by their antibacterial activity, anti-biofilm, and hemolytic activities and by in silico assays.Results:The quinone-4-oxoquinoline derivatives presented broad-spectrum antibacterial activities, and in some cases were more active than commercially available reference drugs. These compounds also inhibited bacterial adhesion and the assays revealed seven non-hemolytic derivatives. The derivatives seem to cause damage to the bacterial cell membrane and those containing the carboxyl group at the C-3 position of the 4-quinolonic nucleus were more active than those containing a carboxyethyl group.Conclusion:The isoquinoline-5,8-dione nucleus also favored antimicrobial activity. The study showed that the target of the derivatives must be a non-conventional hydrophobic allosteric binding pocket on the DNA gyrase enzyme.

Infections caused by microorganisms of the Candida genus represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the population. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the antifungal activity and toxicity of resveratrol-analog Schiff bases. Faced with Candida albicans ATCC 10,231, the broth microdilution method was used, along with amphotericin B as the reference drug. The toxicity was evaluated in human keratinocyte cells and against Artemia salina. All analogs were active against the microorganism and caused structural changes in the yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration was lower for analog A (156.3 µg mL−1), followed by B (312.5 µg mL−1), C (312.5 µg mL−1) and D (625 µg mL−1); while the minimum fungicidal concentration was lower for A (1,250 µg mL−1), B (1,250 µg mL−1) and D (1,250 µg mL−1), followed by C (2,500 µg mL−1). In keratinocytes, the compounds presented cell viability between 50.9 and 93%. Against A. salina, the compounds presented moderate cytotoxic activity. The compound with the nitro group, an electron withdrawing group, in the para position presented better antifungal activity. Resveratrol analogs can be promising in the development of new antifungal agents. Keywords: Resveratrol analogs, Schiff bases, Candida albicans, Antifungal activity, Toxicity

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil do paciente e as características relacionadas aos medicamentos prescritos para uso por meio de sonda de nutrição enteral, em um Hospital Universitário de um município de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo, no qual foram avaliados 60 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, que utilizaram algum tipo de sonda enteral entre maio e outubro de 2011. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos prontuários, das prescrições e das fichas de acompanhamento do Serviço de Terapia Nutricional do hospital em estudo e avaliados por meio de estatística descritiva, com auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 14.0. Resultados: Os pacientes eram, predominantemente, homens e a faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos foi a mais prevalente. A especialidade de internação mais frequente foi a neurologia. Cada paciente utilizou em média 4,4 medicamentos por via enteral, sendo um total de 80 especialidades farmacêuticas distintas prescritas. A forma farmacêutica mais frequente foi a sólida (85,0%), das quais 38,2% possuíam o mesmo princípio ativo disponível na forma oral líquida. Conclusão: A polifarmácia e a frequência de prescrição de medicamentos sólidos apontaram que a prática clínica não atendeu plenamente ao preconizado, evidenciando a necessidade de informações seguras capazes de embasar a administração da terapia medicamentosa por sonda de nutrição enteral.

Plant species are sources of active compounds that can fight and/or prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species, which enables the development of natural products that can help to prevent premature aging caused by exposure to solar radiation. This study assessed the antioxidant and photoprotective activities of six dried extracts of plants from the Brazilian Amazon biome. Plant extracts were prepared in 70% (v/v) ethanol by dynamic maceration for 72h in the dark, and then filtered, concentrated and lyophilized. The extracts were subjected to a phytochemical screening. The antioxidant activity was measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the photoprotection assay was performed using the diffuse transmittance technique. The data obtained from the antioxidant activity assay was evaluated by Student's t-test for independent samples, with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences v.14.0 for Windows software. The flavonoids represent a special metabolites class present in all analyzed extracts. The antioxidant activity (μgmL(-1)) decreased in the following order: Aniba canelilla (1.80±0.16), Brosimum acutifolium (2.84±0.38), Dalbergia monetaria (5.46±0.17) or Caesalpinia pyramidalis (6.45±1.18), Arrabidaea chica (15.35±0.86), and Aspidosperma nitidum (99.14±2.3). Only D. monetaria showed a considerable sun protection factor allowing for labeling (6.0±0.3). The D. monetaria extract was considered the most promising sample because it had optimal antioxidant and photoprotective activities against solar radiation, considering the limit established by regulatory agencies. These extracts with antioxidant potential can be used in photoprotective formulations, providing synergistic photoprotective effect or elevating the adeed value of the product. Additionally, these formulations are attractive to a population who searchs for products made with natural ingredients.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail caused by high densities of filamentous fungi and yeasts. Treatment for this illness is long-term, and recurrences are frequently detected. This study evaluated in vitro antifungal activities of 12 organic compounds derived from amino alcohols against standard fungal strains, such as Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507 URM 1666, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antifungal compounds were synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4a-4f) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9a-9f). Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M38-A2, M27-A3, and M27-S4. The amine series 4b-4e, mainly 4c and 4e compounds, were effective against filamentous fungi and yeast (MIC from 7.8 to 312 µg/mL). On the other hand, the amide series (9a-9f) did not present inhibitory effect against fungi, except amide 9c, which demonstrated activity only against C. albicans. This allowed us to infer that the presence of amine group and intermediate carbon number (8C-11C) in its aliphatic side chain seems to be important for antifungal activity. Although these compounds present cytotoxic activity on macrophages J774, our results suggest that these aromatic compounds might constitute potential as leader molecules in the development of more effective and less toxic analogs that could have considerable implications for future therapies of onychomycosis.

O fígado pode ser acometido por diversas patologias tanto agudas, quanto crônicas, dentre elas, a cirrose se destaca por sua elevada incidência. No Brasil, essa doença foi responsável por mais de 298.000 internações hospitalares entre 2001 e 2010 e mais de 128.000 óbitos entre 2001 e 2009. A cirrose hepática é caracterizada pela alteração estrutural e funcional do fígado, através da qual ocorre substituição da estrutura hepática normal por nódulos circundados por fibrose. Dentre as diversas implicações clínicas manifestadas pelo paciente podem-se citar: fibrose, ascite, hipertensão portal, encefalopatia hepática e anastomoses. Como resultante das alterações hepáticas, sobretudo em pacientes que consomem álcool, nota-se que o cirrótico também desenvolve desnutrição proteico-energética (DPE). A origem da má nutrição é multifatorial, sendo que a mesma provém da diminuição do consumo de nutrientes, bem como da alteração na digestão, absorção e metabolismo dos mesmos. Os especialistas têm a DPE como um importante fator para determinar o prognóstico do paciente com cirrose. Muitos são os métodos utilizados para a avaliação do estado nutricional do paciente cirrótico, no entanto, os parâmetros geralmente empregados na prática clínica têm seu uso limitado em pacientes cirróticos. A reversão do quadro nutricional do paciente é possível e, para tal, a suplementação nutricional deve ser determinada de acordo com as necessidades dos mesmos. A intervenção nutricional é sempre benéfica aos pacientes, proporcionando benefícios em curto e longo prazo.

INTRODUÇÃO: A partir do surgimento da terapia antirretroviral, o paciente soropositivo teve sua sobrevida aumentada. A não adesão a essa terapia está relacionada diretamente à falência terapêutica, a qual propicia o aparecimento de cepas virais mais resistentes. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo dos registros de dispensação de antirretrovirais de 229 pacientes do Centro de Atenção à Saúde do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Tal estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adesão do paciente ao tratamento e se houve associação entre a não adesão e a terapêutica. Desses pacientes, 63,8% eram do sexo masculino e apresentavam idade média de 44,0 ± 9,9 anos. Foram realizados 28 esquemas terapêuticos diferentes. Dentre esses, os mais utilizados foram aqueles que combinavam 2 inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeos/nucleotídeos com 1 inibidor da transcriptase reversa não análogo de nucleosídeo (55,5%) ou com 2 inibidores de protease (28,8%). Foi verificado que os pacientes em uso de lopinavir/ritonavir ou atazanavir associados à zidovudina e lamivudina apresentaram maiores frequências de tratamento considerado inadequado (85% e 83,3%, respectivamente). Além disso, quando a combinação zidovudina/lamivudina esteve presente no esquema medicamentoso, os pacientes aderiram menos ao tratamento (χ2 = 4,468; grau de liberdade = 1; p = 0,035). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes realizava tratamento considerado inadequado. Portanto, é necessário implementar estratégias que conduzam à melhoria da adesão ao tratamento, a fim de garantir eficácia terapêutica e aumento da sobrevida do paciente. INTRODUCTION: Since the emergence of antiretroviral therapy, the survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus has increased. Non-adherence to this therapy is directly related to treatment failure, which allows the emergence of resistant viral strains. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of the antiretroviral dispensing records of 229 patients from the Center for Health Care, University Hospital, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, was conducted between January and December 2009. RESULTS: The study aimed to evaluate patient compliance and determine if there was an association between non-adherence and the therapy. Among these patients, 63.8% were men with an average age of 44.0 ± 9.9 years. The most used treatment was a combination of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (55.5%) or with 2 protease inhibitors (28.8%). It was found that patients taking lopinavir/ritonavir with zidovudine and lamivudine had a greater frequency of inadequate treatment than those taking atazanavir with zidovudine and lamivudine (85% and 83.3%, respectively). Moreover, when the combination of zidovudine/ lamivudine was used, the patients were less compliant (χ2 = 4.468, 1 degree of freedom, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients failed to correctly adhere to their treatment; therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies that lead to improved compliance, thus ensuring therapeutic efficacy and increased patient survival.