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Purpose: To evaluate the key factors used for classification and methods to improve the glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) in the form of systematic study along with fundus pictures as constraint sample be detected. Methods: Retrospectively, 940 fundus photographs from Eye hospital were gathered. The clinical and demographic details were noted together with the constitutional and functioning metrics of the pictures with GON. Convectional neural networks (CNNs) were built using transfer learning based on VGGNet to recognize GON. When CNN classifier had least rating the concluding classification will be construct with the cup-to-disc would be created by a extractor named support vector Machine. Scores were used to prevent missing instances with advanced GON. The TVGH dataset was used to create the CNN classifier, which was subsequently improved by fusing the training pictures from the TVGH and Drishti-GS datasets. CNN's primary characteristics for classification were identified using the class activation map (CAM). Classifier’s performance were evaluated with Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the diagnostic accuracy will enable to ccomparing the ensemble model. Results: While the comparison to ensemble model's accuracy rate of 92.8 percent, the CNN classifier's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 95.0 percent, 95.7 percent, and 94.2 percent, respectively, in 187 EH test images, respectively, in 187 EH test pictures, and the AUC was 0.992 as opposed to the ensemble model's accuracy rate of 92.8 percent. The accuracy of the CNN, the fine-tuned CNN, and the ensemble model for the Drishti-GS test pictures was 33.3 percent, 80.3 percent [33], and 80.3 percent, respectively. Neither moderately nor severely ill photos were incorrectly classified using the CNN classifier. Class-discriminate areas discovered by CAM co-localized with established GON traits. Conclusions: When enormous image datasets are not readily accessible for developing evident learning model towards glaucoma diagnosis, The combo model or a personalized CNN classifier might be as practicable designs.

Occipital neuralgia (ON) is unilateral or bilateral neuralgia in the dermatomal nerve distribution of the greater, lesser or third occipital nerves and is a very common presentation of neuropathic pain. ON, although common and well defined, is still a poorly understood pain syndrome. It often requires invasive treatment for long term and significant pain alleviation; however, the evidence supporting different options is still limited. Several minimally invasive techniques have proven to be efficacious and safe, and the selection depends mostly on response to nerve blocks, patient choice and provider preference. This is a comprehensive review of the latest and seminal literature available about occipital neuralgia and currently available minimally invasive treatment options. It covers the anatomical and physiologic biology at the base of neuralgia, the presentation and diagnostic process. It then reviews the available literature to provide description and comparison of the available methods for alleviation.

Objectives This study aims to investigate the efficiency of a single and repeated greater occipital nerve (GON) block using lidocaine in the treatment of triptan-overuse headache (TOH), whose importance has increased lately. Materials and methods In the study, 105 consecutive subjects diagnosed with TOH were evaluated. The subjects were randomized into three groups. In Group 1 (n=35), only triptan was abruptly withdrawn. In Group 2 (n=35), triptan was abruptly withdrawn and single GON block was performed. In Group 3 (n=35), triptan was abruptly withdrawn and three-stage GON block was performed. All patients were injected bilaterally with a total amount of 5 cc 1% lidocaine in each stage. During follow-up, the number of headache days per month, the severity of pain (VAS), the number of triptans used, and hsCRP and IL-6 levels were recorded three times; in the pretreatment period, in the second month post-treatment, and in the fourth month post-treatment. They were then compared. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the post-treatment fourth month in comparison with the pretreatment period in Group 3 (P

Einleitung: Methoden der physikalischen Therapie sind neben der antirheumatischen Medikation fester Bestandteil des multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes bei rheumatischen Krankheitsbildern. Methoden: Ziel der vorliegenden randomisierten, prospektiven Studie war die Wirkungsanalyse von seriellen Heiltorfbädern[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 44. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh); 30. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh); 26. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

The medical treatment of patients with chronic primary headache syndromes (chronic migraine, chronic tension-type headache, chronic cluster headache, hemicrania continua) is challenging as serious side effects frequently complicate the course of medical treatment and some patients may be even medically intractable. When a definitive lack of responsiveness to conservative treatments is ascertained and medication overuse headache is excluded, neuromodulation options can be considered in selected cases.Here, the various invasive and non-invasive approaches, such as hypothalamic deep brain stimulation, occipital nerve stimulation, stimulation of sphenopalatine ganglion, cervical spinal cord stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are extensively published although proper RCT-based evidence is limited. The European Headache Federation herewith provides a consensus statement on the clinical use of neuromodulation in headache, based on theoretical background, clinical data, and side effect of each method. This international consensus further gives recommendations for future studies on these new approaches.In spite of a growing field of stimulation devices in headaches treatment, further controlled studies to validate, strengthen and disseminate the use of neurostimulation are clearly warranted. Consequently, until these data are available any neurostimulation device should only be used in patients with medically intractable syndromes from tertiary headache centers either as part of a valid study or have shown to be effective in such controlled studies with an acceptable side effect profile. peerReviewed